Nkhanu yabuluu | ||||||||||||
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Gulu la asayansi | ||||||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Malo: | Ankhandwe |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Portunoidea |
Onani: | Nkhanu yabuluu |
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
Kuchulukitsa pa anzeru | Zithunzi pa Wikimedia Commons |
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Zithunzi zakunja |
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Mtundu wamitundu itatu |
Nkhanu yabuluu (lat. Callinectes sapidus) - banja la crustacean Portunidae. Yofotokozedwa koyamba ndi a Jane Jane Rathban.
Kufotokozera
Mtundu wa nkhanu yamtundu wa buluu umafikira mainchesi 17.8-20 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 7.5-10.2. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwa nyama zokhwima zogonana kumachokera ku 0,45 mpaka 0.90 kg. Dorsal carapace ndimtundu wakuda, wotuwa, wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira ndipo mtundu wake umakhala wolunjika mbali iliyonse mpaka mainchesi 8. mikono ndi m'mimba ndizoyera.
Zovala zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu. Nsonga zaimuna zazimuna zimakhala zabuluu, zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira.
Korona wabuluu ali ndi manja awiri pachifuwa. Malingaliro akutsogolo ndi miyendo imasinthidwa kukhala zibwano ziwiri zamphamvu zazikulu zosiyanasiyana. Chovala chachikulu chakuphika chimaphwanya zipolopolo, pomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito bulawu yaying'ono, nkhanu imaphwanya minofu yofewa ndikutumiza chakudya pakamwa. Malingaliro achisanu ndi ofanana mawonekedwe a kayak oar ndipo amagwira ntchito pakusambira. Khwangwala wabuluu amatha kuponya zibwano pangozi. Kenako nkhanu imatha kubwezeretsa miyendo yotayikayo.
Maso owoneka pamizu yofupikirapo imakhala mwachindunji pansi pamphepete mwa carapace pamutu. Pakati pa maso pawiri ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhanu yabuluu pafupifupi zaka 2 mpaka 4.
Kufalitsa
Dziko loyambirira la nkhanu za buluu ndi gombe la Atlantic kumpoto ndi South America. Ku Europe, mtunduwu udapezeka koyamba mu 1900. Masiku ano imapezeka kumadera akutali a Nyanja za Baltic ndi North. Imapezekanso munyanja za Mediterranean ndi Adriatic.
Nkhanu zamtundu wa buluu zimakhala makamaka m'madzi am'madzi komanso m'madzi osaya akuya mpaka mamita 36, yakuzama nthawi yozizira. Amakonda matope ndi mchenga pansi.
Akalulu ang'ono amafunika kutentha kwa madzi kwa 15 mpaka 30 ° C. Nyama zazikulu zimatha kulekerera kutentha kwamadzi mpaka 10 ° C. Mphutsi, mosiyana ndi nyama zazing'ono ndi zachikulire, zimafuna mchere wambiri, osalekerera pazomwe zili pansi pa 20 ‰.
Kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe
M'malo mwake, iyi si nkhanu. Mitundu yam'madzi yam'madziyi ndi ya nkhanu, banja la nkhanu.
Ichi ndi cholengedwa cham'madzi chokhala ndi miyendo isanu yamiyendo:
- awiriawiri - akuyenda, ofanana ndi miyendo ya nkhanu ya mfumu,
- Wachisanu - wochepetsedwa komanso wobisika pansi pa carapace.
Pamwamba pa nkhanu iyi ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Adatenga dzina lake, chifukwa cha mawanga akulu abuluu kumbali zamkati. Palinso mawanga okhala ndi ma chikasu achikasu achikasu. Kukula kwa chipolopolo mwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kukhala mpaka 24 cm mwa amuna komanso mpaka 16 cm mwa akazi. Kulemera kwa oimira wamkulu kwambiri amtunduwu kumafika pa 5 kg.
Mutha kuzindikira chakumaso cha buluu ndi ma spikes akuthwa pamwamba pa chithunzi: ziwiri zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zingapo. Simungawapeze pachithunzi cha nkhanu zachichepere: ma spikes amakhalabe otukuka, ndipo ma tubercles ozungulira okha amawoneka m'malo mwawo.
Moyo
Akakhwima, anyaniwa amabwerera kumadzi opanda mchere, pomwe anyaniwa amakhalabe pamtsinje wa mitsinje.
Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu zimabisala m'matope kapena m'mudzu wanyanja kuti ziziyang'anira zomwe zikuwayang'anira kapena kuziteteza kwa adani. Nkhanu zamtundu wamtambo ndizovuta kwambiri kuyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
Habitat
Ankhanu awa amakhala m'madzi a Pacific Ocean, ku Japan, Okhotsk, ndi Bering Seas. Buluu, posankha malo okhalamo komanso malo ofanana ndi wachibale wake wakutali, Kamchatka crab, amawonjezerabe kutentha pang'ono, chifukwa chake, madera omwe mitundu iyi imakhala palimodzi, buluu limasunthidwa kupita kumadera ena pansi pomwe malo achilengedwe ndi ochepa zabwino
Ofufuza zam'madzi am'madzi atapeza zochititsa chidwi: nkhanu zachikulire zimakhala mozama 300 m nthawi yozizira, ndipo pafupifupi 50-100 m nthawi yachilimwe. Kutentha kwamadzi kwa iwo kumachokera kwa 0,5 mpaka 2,5 ° C. Kukula kwacinyamata kumatha kusangalalanso ndi zinthu zosalimbikitsa.
Zakudya za nkhanu za buluu zitha kuphatikizira:
- osoweka
- urchins zam'nyanja
- nyongolotsi za polychaete,
- crustaceans yaying'ono
- nyenyezi zam'nyanja,
- nyanja anemones.
Oimira awa a crustaceans amakhala ndi zaka 20. Ofufuzawo akuti: Amuna ali ndi zaka 25 zakubadwa.
Kuswana
Kuchuluka kwa oimira awa a crustaceans amatha kugawidwa m'mibadwo iwiri: ngakhale zaka zosamvetseka. Ziphuphu zachikazi zimamera kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Kuchulukana kwambiri kumatha kuchitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Mazira okhathamiritsa amakhala ndi miyezi pafupifupi 11 (amadziphatika ndi ma pleopods, miyendo yosambira ya crab). Chifukwa chake, mu kasupe wa chaka chamawa, mphutsi zimaswa kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe zimakhalapo kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, pambuyo pake zimayamba mwachangu (pamaso pa molt pali gawo lina la chitukuko - premalki).
Akazi omwe amakhala ndi mazira okhathamiritsidwa amakhala m'madzi osaya: akuya mpaka 100. Akazi okonzekera kubereka poyambira nthawi yozizira amapita kumadzi akuya (akuya kupitirira 200), chifukwa amuna amakhala m'masiku ozizira. Chapakatikati, atasungunuka, mating amachitika, ndipo zazikazi zimabweza madzi osaya.
M'badwo wachicheperewu umafikira maulendo khumi ndi awiri mchaka choyamba cha moyo ndi 6-7 wachiwiri. Kupitilira apo, mpaka kutha msinkhu (wazaka 8-9), kusungunuka kumachitika kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Akuluakulu craboids molt kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe a nkhanu ya buluu ndiwofiyira (Sciaenops ocellatus), crocker wamba (Micropogonias undulatus), Golide wa siliva ku America (Larus argentatus smithsoniaus), mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsamba, komanso akamba am'nyanja.
Khungu labuluu limawoneka ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali ndipo limagwidwa zochuluka.
15.09.2017
Nkhanu yabuluu (Latin Callinectes sapidus) ndi ya banja la Crab-diving (Latin Portunidae). Ngwazi iyi ndiyofunika kwambiri pamalonda, ndipo kugwira kwawo kwapachaka kumaposa matani 28,000. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, nyama yake yakhala ikuonedwa ngati chinthu chabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake anthu akuchepa.
Kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, atsika kuchoka pa 900 mpaka 300 miliyoni anthu. Ku United States kokha, makampani opitilira 4,500 amalola kuloleza nkhanu zamtunduwu chaka chilichonse.
Kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, atsika kuchoka pa 900 mpaka 300 miliyoni anthu. Ku United States kokha, makampani opitilira 4,500 amalola kuloleza nkhanu zamtunduwu chaka chilichonse.
Khalidwe
Khwangwala wabuluu amakhazikika m'malo am'madzi ndi m'madzi ena am'madzi akufika mpaka 36 m ndipo amasungidwa pamchenga kapena dothi. M'nyengo yozizira, amapita kumadzi akuya kwambiri. Nyama zokulirapo zimalekerera kuchepa kwa kutentha kozungulira mpaka 10 ° C, ndipo ana aang'ono amakhala omasuka mkati mwa 15 ° -30 ° C. Mphutsi, mosiyana ndi anzawo akale, samavomereza kuchepa kwamchere wamadzi pansi pa 20 PSU.
Kusaka kumayendetsedwa makamaka kuchokera kwaabisalira. Khwangwala limabisala pansi kapena kubisala munyengo zam'madzi, kudikirira moleza mtima chakudyacho. Ndiwopikisananso chakudya kwa anthu wamba ambiri, chifukwa chake chimakhala chankhanza kwambiri kwa oimira mitundu ina.
Maziko a chakudya ndi nsomba zazing'ono, nsapato, nyongolotsi ndi mbewu. Callinectes sapidus ndiwosangalatsa komanso osati wokonda kwambiri chakudya. Amatha kudya zovunda, ndipo ndikamaperewera chakudya, amapitiliza ku cannibalism. Choyamba, anthu ochepa komanso odwala amadyedwa. Adani ake achilengedwe chachikulu ndi akamba am'nyanja, heron, seagulls ndi nsomba kuchokera ku banja Gorybylyevyh (Sciaenidae).
Pakati pa majeremusi ambiri, nkhono zam'madzi zam'madzi zotchedwa Hematodinium perezi, kachilombo kovuta kwambiri ka micosporidia Ameson michaelis, ndi amoeba Paramoeba permiciosa ndizokwiyitsa kwambiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwakukulu kwa nkhanu zamtambo.
Habitat ya nkhanu yabuluu.
Nkhanu za buluu zomwe zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira madzi amchere amphepete mwa nyanja mpaka madzi abwino okhala m'malo otsekedwa. Makamaka nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizere ndi madzi abwino, ndipo amakhala pakashelefu. Kukhazikika kwa nkhanu za buluu kumachokera pamunsi wamtunda mpaka pakuya mamita 36. Akazi amakhalabe m'madzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, makamaka nthawi yoyikidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwam'madzi kukatsika, nkhanu zamtambo zimasamukira kumadzi akuya kwambiri.
Nkhanu yabuluu - nyama yankhanza
Chakudya cha nkhanu yabuluu.
Khwangwala wabuluu amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Amadyanso nkhono zam'madzi, amakonda oyster ndi mussels, nsomba, annelids, algae, komanso chilichonse chomera kapena zinyalala chilichonse. Amadya nyama zakufa, koma osadya zovunda kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina nkhanu zamtunduwu zimatsutsa nkhanu zazing'ono.
Ntchito zachilengedwe za nkhanu za buluu.
Atlantic humpbacks, herons, turfish zamnyanja zimadyera nkhanu za buluu. Amakhalanso cholumikizira chofunikira m'khola lodyeramo chakudya, pokhala olusa komanso nyama.
Khwangwala wabuluu amakhudzidwa ndi majeremusi. Ma Shells, mphutsi ndi ma leeches omwe amalumikizana ndi chivundikiro chakunja cha chitinous, ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono a isopod amakhazikika m'matumbo ndi pamunsi thupi, mphutsi zazing'ono zimafalikira mu minofu.
Ngakhale C. sapidus amakhala ndi majeremusi ambiri, ambiri aiwo samakhudza moyo wa nkhanu.
Mtengo wa nkhanu yabuluu.
Khwangwala wabuluu amayamba kuwedza. Nyama ya crustaceans iyi ndi yokoma kwambiri ndipo imakonzedwa m'njira zingapo. Khwawa limagwera mumsampha womwe umakhala wama makono ake, mikono iwiri mulifupi ndipo umapangidwa ndi waya. Amakopeka ndi nyambo ndi nsomba zakufa zatsopano. M'malo ena, nkhanu zimapezekanso mumsinga ndi zopereka. Anthu ambiri amadya nyama ya nkhanu, chifukwa si chakudya chamafuta kumayiko omwe ali mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mbendera zamayiko pama sitima amalonda
Sitima iliyonse yamalonda, ikayenda m'madzi am'mbali mwa gombe, imayenera kukwezera mbendera ya dziko lonselo.
Mbendera ya dziko la gombe imawuluka kumaso kapena kutsogolo.
Zachidziwikire, nthawi yomweyo, pa hafel, chombocho chimayenera kunyamulanso mbendera ya dziko lomwe adalembetsera.
Akakhazikika m'madzi am'mphepete kapena panjapo, doko limasamutsidwa kuchoka papulogalamu kupita ku mbendera.
Mbendera za boma m'madzi otsetsereka zimakwera 8 koloko m'mawa kapena kutuluka kwa dzuwa, kutengera zomwe zibwera kale, ndipo zimatsika dzuwa litalowa.
Mbendera za boma ziyenera kukhala zoyera, komanso osakhala ndi mipata komanso m'mphepete, ndi ngodya.
Alonda akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mbendera zoyikitsidwa za boma sizimamatira pazomanga, zodzikongoletsera ndi miyendo, ndipo osapindika pozungulira.
Mbendera zomwe zatulutsidwa ziyenera kulekanitsidwa kapena kumasulidwa kumafayilo ndikuikanso m'mabokosi osungira.
Mbendera yotsitsidwa sikuyenera kuvulala pozungulira njanji yapafupi, chifukwa uku ndikunyoza mbendera ya boma ndi boma. Chifukwa cha kupanda ulemu kumeneku, chindapusa chachikulu chikhoza kuperekedwa kwa sitimayo.
Malamulo a mayiko ena ofunikira amafuna kuti chombo chotulutsa ntchentche chimawuluka mbendera nthawi zonse, ngakhale chotengera chikangolowa. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo lotere likugwira ntchito ku Norway.
Pamalonda ogulitsa, pamakhala mwambo wopereka moni kwa gulu lina lankhondo kapena lazamalonda likakumana pagombe.
Masana, ikakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, gulu lankhondo kapena chombo china chilichonse pantchito yothandiza anthu yomwe ikudutsa chimaperekedwa moni ndi mbendera ya boma ya sitima yamalonda. Kuti achite izi, mlondayo amatsitsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo akukweza mbendera ya boma - izi zimatchedwa "kuchitira sawatcha mbendera."
Mbendera za boma nthawi zonse zimakwezedwa.
Mbendera yokhala ndi swivels zachitsulo imamangirizidwa ku halyard yokhala ndi bayonet kapena bayonet. Mbendera zokhala ndi tenon flanges zomwe zimapangidwa mu bokosoli nthawi zambiri zimamangirizidwa ku halyard ndi thabwa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumangiriza ma halonard ku ogon mothandizidwa ndi mfundo yotulutsidwa mwachangu - mfundo yotulutsa "tulo".
Chovala chosasoka ndi "m'bale" wa mfundo yofunda. Ndibwino kumangirira mbendera kumakolo, chifukwa imatha kuperekedwa mosavuta ngakhale pamene halyard imakokedwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu komanso ikanyowa kwambiri.
Chovala chopukutira ndi mtundu wa “mfundo zoluka” zomwe oyendetsa mabatani amabwezeradi kwa owomba. Okonza okha ndi omwe amafunikira kumangirira mfundo mwachangu, koma oyendetsa sitimawo amafunika mfundo yomwe siyofunika kungomangiriza, komanso yosasweka, mwachitsanzo, mukafunikira kusiya zida zomwe zili pansi (pamtendere), ndipo mukudziwa zovuta zake kuti mumasule ma kngi pazida zonyowa. (zingwe zopota), makamaka ngati zida zimapangidwa ndi ulusi wazomera, monga hemp (osagwiritsidwa ntchito pakalipano) kapena manila.
Oyendetsa sitima, anthu ndi achilendo, amatenga ndikusintha mfundo yoluka pang'ono, akungolumphira kumapeto kwa nsalo kumbuyo ndipo tili ndi chiuno chomwe chimamasula mwachangu, muyenera kungokoka nsonga ya halyard.
Chifukwa chake zikomo ndikugwada kwambiri poluka zoluka ku mzinda wa Ivanov waku Russia, komanso mwaumunthu wawo kwa ena onse owomba nsalu, ngakhale, kwenikweni, mfundozi idapangidwa kalekale ndipo mwina ndi owomba Chingelezi.
Pakadali pano, mizere yolumikizika yopangidwa ndi ulusi wopingasa wa 6-8 mm imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafayilo okweza mbendera za boma ndi ma siginolo, omwe, makamaka pomwe ali atsopano, ali osavuta kugwira nawo ntchito, komabe, patapita nthawi, mzerewu umatulutsidwa ndikuyipitsidwa ndi mwaye kuchokera m'mapaipi opopera ndipo Fumbi ndipo ngati chingwe choterechi chimasungidwa ndipo cholowera chimayamba kunyowa, sichosavuta kumasula. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yosasunthika yokweza mbendera kuyambira 1980, sindinakhalepo ndi vuto limodzi lokha kapena zovuta pakumasulira, bola kuti adamangidwa molondola.
Mbendera ikakwezedwa pamalopo, ndiye kuti, kutalika kofunikira - nthawi zambiri pomwe ongoza pamwamba amakhala pofika pa bwalolo momwe amalowetsedwera, ndikofunikira kukokera kumbali ndikuyikonza pa bakha kapena pompo. Pa bakha, khomalo limapangidwa ndi ma hoses ndi eyiti ndipo litoko lililonse limalimbitsidwa. Pobowola, ndikosavuta kumangiriza khomalo ndi whisker msonkhano, womwe ungakhale wosavuta kupereka ngakhale mukusokonezeka komanso kunyowa.
Zochita, malo olembetsa, otetezedwa ndi node ya vyblenochny pa njanji, adzasiyana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa m'chifanizirocho, kuti halyard izikhala yowirikiza.
Boti loyeretsedwako lidatchedwa dzina chifukwa chakuti pamaulendo oyenda panyanja adalumikiza zovala zamphepete zotchingira - magawo opingasa a chingwe cholumikizidwa, chomwe chimagwira ngati njira zokulira chingwe chotsalira.
Pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, m'ma 80s, kunalinso chizolowezi chotumizira "kupereka" sawatcha mbendera ndi sitima yomwe ikubwera, nkutalikirana nayo pamtunda waung'ono koma wotetezeka. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti pafupifupi zombo zonse, masana, sitimayi singayang'anire pagudumu, palibe amene angamupatse moni. Ndipo chifukwa cha chuma, zombo sizimakweza mbendera munyanja. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito m'sitima ndi ndalama zosafunikira "zidapha" mwambo wokongola wapanyanja.
Kupitilizabe kwa “Tsiku lobadwa lina”
Kwa zaka zambiri, oyendetsa sitimawo ankalankhula za mafunde akuluakulu omwe amatha kuyendetsa kapena kuwononga chombo chozama chilichonse. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nkhanizi zimangotchulidwa ngati nkhani zam'nyanja, koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, asayansi adalandira umboni weniweni kuti zochitika zachilengedwe zoterezi zilipodi.mafunde amenewa muli dzina - mafunde wakupha.
Mbiri ya kuphunzira mafunde wakupha
Kwa nthawi yoyamba za mafunde akupha, omwe amatchedwanso mafunde akungoyendayenda, mafunde oopsa ndi mafunde oyera, ndi 1826 okha omwe adalankhula m'gulu lasayansi. Ndiye French wapaulendo-kafukufuku Jules Dumont-Durville, amenenso anali oceanographer pamodzi, anauza anzake kuti mu umodzi wa maulendo ake anaona ndi funde zachilendo ndi msinkhu wa mamita oposa 33.
Komabe, ndiye alonda anali anamuseka, kuyambira mu 19 m'ma chiphunzitso ya Gauss zochokera kugwira ntchito ya Gauss chogwidwa ndi asayansi.
Chilichonse chidatengedwa ngati maziko ake, kuchokera pakuwongolera ojambula pamadzi am'madzi kupita kwa omanga ngalawa zazikulu. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, ngakhale pa nkhani ya namondwe woopsa, yoweyula msinkhu akhoza musalumphe mamita 15. yoweyula A mamita 20 mkulu mu nyanja ya Gauss ukapezeka pokhapokha ngati zifukwa zambiri mwamalunji, amene, chiphunzitso, angayambe yekha kamodzi pa zaka 10 chikwi.
Kwa zaka zana ndi theka zikubwerazi, mutu wa mafunde wakupha, ngakhale nthawi zina umawonekera m'gulu la asayansi, sunatengedwe kwambiri.
Only pa January 1, 1995, makilomita 160 kuchokera ku gombe la Norway, amene umapha yoweyula analembedwa ndi zipangizo za Dropner mafuta nsanja. msinkhu wake anafika mamita oposa 25.
Pulatayo idamangidwa m'njira yoti izitha kugwetsa 20, yomwe, mwa malingaliro, imayenera kuchitika kamodzi pakatha zaka chikwi. Komabe, tsiku limenelo "Dropner" wakumana ndi wokulirapo madzi mapangidwe kuti anagundidwa ku nsanja imathamanga pamwamba 70 Km / h ndi kuonongeka izo.
Zimenezi chidwi chachikulu pakati pa asayansi ndi kuyambira pa, mafunde wakupha akhala m'modzi wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuphunzira mwa oceanographers padziko lonse.
Kodi ndi mafunde akupha ndi amphamvu bwanji
Choncho, chimene kwenikweni mafunde wakupha nanga amasiyana mafunde wamba? Ndipotu, zodabwitsazi zachilengedwe amakhalabe m'malo achinsinsi, pamaso pa asayansi, lero.
Kusinthidwa, funde loyendayenda ndi funde limodzi lalikulu lomwe limatalika kuposa 20 metres, lomwe limachita zosadziwika. mafunde zimenezi zikuoneka mwadzidzidzi ndi owopsa kwabasi ngakhale sitima yaikulu kwambiri.
Kumvetsa zimene uli pangozi, muyenera amanena kuti chiwerengero. Chifukwa chake, funde wamba yamamitala 12 imapangitsa kuphulika kwa matani pafupifupi 6 pa mita imodzi. Zombo zamakono zimamangidwa m'njira kuti kupirira akuphulikira kuthamanga zofanana matani 15 pa mita lalikulu, kotero kuti ngakhale mafunde lalikulu ndi Musawope iwo.
Komabe, pamene izo zifika ku mafunde wakupha, ndiye, malinga ndi asayansi, pamene kukumana nawo, mphamvu matani 100 pa mita lalikulu kapena zina amachita pa chombo. Kupanikizika kotereku kukhoza kuwononga mphamvu ya sitimayo komanso kuwononga chombo.
Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mu zaka zapitazi panali Mboni zochepa za zodabwitsazi - yoweyula woyera akanangowonongeratu zombo, kuwapatutsa mu tchipisi, kotero kuti adalira analibe mwayi wa chipulumutso.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, mafunde wakupha sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi ndi megatsunami. Zochitika zachilengedwe izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa madzi ambiri, nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa tectonic kapena kulowa kwa chinthu chachikulu m'madzi. Kusefukira kwa madzi kukhala zowononga ndendende mu zone ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete palokha, ndipo pakati pa nyanja angabweretse palibe choopsa.
Chilombo mafunde uka ndendende kutali gombe, ndipo aime chimaonekadi ndi maziko wa misa madzi, amene angathe kukhala bata.
Osati kale kwambiri, asayansi adazindikira kuti palinso mafunde am'mbuyo omwe ndi mtundu wa mabowo. mozama awo kawiri kutalika kwa yoweyula waukulu woyera. Komanso, zochitika amenewa anaona m'madera ambiri komwe yoweyula zoyenda n'zotheka Mwachitsanzo, mu Optics.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mafunde wakupha
Masiku ano, asayansi zikupitirirabe monga kumanga ziphunzitso mmene ndendende mafunde wakupha kupanga. The ndondomeko ya kuwaphunzira ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti mafunde amenewa ndi kovuta kupeza zinthu yokumba. Pafupifupi posachedwapa akatswiri ofufuza ndi omwe adachita bwino kuyesa kuyesera pafupi ndi zenizeni mufunde.
Koma ku ziphunzitso za za chiyambi cha mafunde yosokera. Atalipenda deta pa m'madera zodabwitsazi anali zambiri anati, asayansi anazindikira kuti mafunde wakupha zambiri zopezeka m'madera malangizo waukulu yoweyula kayendedwe chimatsutsana ndi malangizo a m'madzi panopa.
Nthawi zina, izi zimapanga mafunde omwe amakhala ochepa thupi, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi kutalika kosangalatsa. A chodabwitsa ofanana zimawonedwa m'madera monga, Mwachitsanzo, Bermuda Triangle, gombe la kum'mwera kwa Africa ndi kumpoto Atlantic Ocean m'dera Gulf Stream.
Komabe, amadziwika kuti mafunde wakupha zimachitika kulikonse, ngakhale mu nyanja Mwachitsanzo, mu Nyanja Aakulu, izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chokha.
Zina zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi lingaliro la kuphatikizika kwakukhazikika, komwe kumatanthauza kuphatikiza mafunde angapo ang'ono kukhala amodzi akulu chifukwa chazovuta pathanthwe la pansi.
Ndi zotheka kuti mafunde woyera kuwonekera mu mutu pa kugunda kwa osaya ndi funde lalikulu. The zimatenga inawo mphamvu ya woyambayo, koma chifukwa mmene amasintha mawonekedwe ake. Zofanana ndi izi zimachitika molingana ndi lingaliro lopanda ulalo - mafunde okuluwika apakati amasunthira ndikukoka mphamvu yamafunde ang'onoang'ono pafupi, ndikusandulika chimphona chachikulu.
Pali ziphunzitso zina, anthu onse a iwo amafuna yotsimikiza ndi umboni, kotero chiyambi cha mafunde zowononga wakupha lero akhala chinsinsi.
Chimphona kangaude nkhanu
Korona wa kangaude amene wagwidwa mumzinda wa Iwizumi, Japan. Total kutalika 3 meters, chipolopolo 30 cm.
Inde, nkhanu kangaude ndinu mmodzi wa arthropods waukulu tsopano tikukhala - bwino, woweruza nokha: pafupifupi makumi asanu masentimita ndi cephalothorax ndipo siimakupiza ... mamita atatu lonse tentacles ... Miyendo, pepani. Mitundu yonse yapamwamba imamenya nkhondo mu nsanje. Pali zambiri za chikhato zisanu mita, ndi za makumi asanu ndi atatu centimeter cephalothorax, koma palibe malire m'maganizo a asodzi. Komanso, nkhanu awa oimira yekha kupulumuka kwa mtundu wakale Macroheria, kotero iwo monyadira kunyamula mutu zosavomerezeka a "mchere moyo".
Nyashas zoopsa za ku Japan izi zimakhala zamtendere komanso zodekha, monga ng'ombe zodyetsa. Iwo kumangozungulira pa mu mdima wa nyanja, woyera mpaka - ngati okonza zingalowe, angatenge mpaka zotsalira za nkhani iliyonse organic amene amasonkhana kumeneko, ndalama zoonjezera ngati orderlies. Iwo sasintha mtundu wawo red-red-woyera, musapatuke maso awo pa zimayambira, mu mawu, wanzeru nkhanu ku banja labwino. Amatha kukongoletsa zojambula zawo, atakhomerera pachakudya chilichonse chosapezeka, chifukwa chake ali m'gulu la nkhwangwa zokongoletsa.
Chabwino, chifukwa kangaude? Iye ali miyendo eyiti! Pali miyendo isanu ndi itatu, mwa njira, chifukwa ma helipel okhala ndi zikhadabo sanawerenge, awa ndi manja. Mwa njira, ndi chidwi kuti amuna "manja" yaitali kuposa kuyenda miyendo, ndi akazi, m'malo mwake, wamfupi. Ndi kangaude - bwino, kuti munaonapo haymaker? Ndipo dutsitsani kukumbukira kwanu - mafunso onse adzatha pomwepo.
Mwa njira, iwo amakula ndi mizukwa atatu-mita kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo pang'onopang'ono. Amakhala zaka zana, akapanda kuwasandutsa sashimi, choncho kumene kuthamangira chinachake? Koma nkhanu zimasanduka sashimi ndi mbale zina zakomweko mwadongosolo, zomwe ndizokoma kwambiri.
The spawning ndondomeko - ndiko kuti, kuswana - ndi nyengo chifukwa nkhanu kamodzi pachaka, ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo anthu kukoka mpweya awo ndipo amasiya kuwagwira iwo kupeza zosowa zawo gastronomic ndi kusunga kukhutitsidwa chosiyana. Chachikazi, popanda amapusitsa, zagona miliyoni imodzi ndi theka mazira, ndi (monga akangaude, ndi njira, apa pali kufanana kwina) kumawakoka iwo pa yekha / kumbuyo kwake, kukwapula mapazi ake ndi madzi ndi kukhathamitsa ndi oxygen. Zowona, ntchito ya mayi wopanda tanthauzo imatha panthawi yomwe mphukira yomaliza yam'madzi yatuluka dzira - pambuyo pake imazemba kuchoka pa nsanja yayitali pakumeta kwa ana. Malyavki alibe miyendo kapena chipolopolo, ndi popachika mu mawonekedwe a larva mpaka iwo tikhale onse a iwo. Kenako pakani ndi pansi mpaka bursts awo akunja chipolopolo ndi amalola achinyamata nkhanu kusonyeza yokha mu ulemerero wake onse.
Ali mu ukapolo, samadulidwa mwakufuna kwawo chifukwa cha kukula, komanso chifukwa amakonda kukhala pamtunda wa madigiri khumi, komanso chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala osachita bwino. Koma ngati dziko nyumba yanu Aquarium mwangozi kanthu kwa malita angapo, ndipo mukhoza kupeza nokha Pet ngati okoma, nthawi zina, zikande pakati pa maso anu ndi mantha mbuli anansi ..
10 Zinthu zosangalatsa kuti nkhope osiyanasiyana
Iwalani za Mars. Kusambira akuya kwambiri ndipo mudzaona kuti kudziko linalo. Pansi pali zinthu wamkulu kuposa zinyamazi wakale ndi nkhalango.
Ngakhale osiyanasiyana ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, amakumananso ndi zochitika zowopsa, monga kusefukira kwamadzi ndi mapanga m'mavuto. Koma pali ngwazi amene amaika okha, kupulumutsa zonse - ku nsomba waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse mmodzi wa chakupha kwambiri.
10. A wokongola zolusa mpira
Mkulu wapakati pa Emerik Benhalassa posachedwa atapita kumalo odyera pafupi ndi Bali, adawombera mpira wokongola. Cholengedwa anayang'ana mlendo, koma asayansi ankadziwa za iwo kwa kanthawi. Ngakhale dzina lawo ndi zokoma - nudibranch.
Zamoyo zazikulu ngati nkono ndizoyenda panyanja. Mitundu osiyanasiyana monga wobiriwira Satana, ali matupi yaitali ndi mwendo ngati zokhudzana ndi balloons m'malo mitu. mitundu imeneyi, Melibe viridis, chinali choyimira wamba nudibranch. Zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbiriyo ikhale yapadera ndikuti imawonetsera kawirikawiri kudya.
Nudibranchs ndi njira yapadera imene compensates masomphenya otsika. Amagwiritsa ntchito mitu yawo monga ukonde ambiri anatambasula pamodzi m'nyanjayo. Mizere ya sensors ili m'mphepete. Pamene iwo kupeza nkhanu yaing'ono kapena nkhono, ndi gelatinous kutseka mutu ndi kudzadzipeza nyama.
9. Thupi lakanyamaka kukula kwa munthu
Katswiri wazomera Lizzie Daley wasambira pagombe la Cornwall ku United Kingdom. Mwamwayi amene amakonda mipira yaikulu odzola, Dan Abbott anali naye. An filmmaker m'madzi anajambula msonkhano wake ndi cholengedwa osowa.
Mukukwera kumwera chakumadzulo kwa England, awiriwa adazindikira momwe chimphona chachikulu chotchedwa jellyfish chimatuluka m'madzi amdima. Zinali modabwitsa cornerot (Rhizostoma pulmo), nyama kawirikawiri imatchedwanso monga modabwitsa ndi chivindikiro cha zinyalala.
Mwatsoka, ili ndi zimene iye "mutu" Zikuwoneka ngati. Kumbuyo kwa utoto waukulu kumatambasulira mahema asanu ndi atatu olimba omwe amatha kuluma. Monga modabwitsa waukulu ku United Kingdom, zolengedwa kukula kwa anthu ambiri amadziwika dongosolo awo kuti mwasambitsidwa kumtunda. Chifukwa mitundu mitundu, kukumana ndi moyo modabwitsa cornerotus chabe ikuyandama m'nyanja ndi m'chipani.
8. Kukonzanso kosokonezeka
mitundu iwiri kufufuza ndi m'madzi matanthwe ku gombe la Egypt, pamene munthu anazindikira kuti anali ndi Kanema. Zinali remora (iye kukakamira). Tizilombo timakhala ndi chikho chokhala ngati chikho kumutu kwawo komwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti alumikizane ndi magulu akuluakulu. Remora ndiye phwando pa nyenyeswa za mbuye ndi kupha m'njira zosathandiza.
Pachifukwa ichi, amakonda n'kudziphatika kwa nsombazo. Njira iyi idayesera kukonzera m'modzi mwa osiyanawo. Motero analandidwa pa filimu ndi lofalitsidwa mu 2017. Anaonetsa mmene amasambira nsomba mozungulira munthu, "pecks" ndi wetsuit ndi mwamakani motsatira diver monga akupitiriza kufufuza m'madzi.
Kutalika kwa 0.3 mpaka 0.9 m kutalika kumawoneka ngati kosokoneza komanso kusokoneza mayiyo ndi shaki. Enric Sala, ndi zamoyo za m'madzi, waona Nthaŵi zambiri zimenezi. Ngakhale pamadzi pafupi Kumwera Line Island mu 2009, iye anali ankabwerera manyazi a.
7. Nthaka ya pansi pa madzi
Kosiyanasiyana anapeza stumps wakale m'madzi. Komabe, palibe ukugunda kwa anapezazo wa diver British amene afufuza nyanja gombe la Norfolk.
Mu 2015, a Don Watson adagonja ndipo adatsirizika pamalo pomwe nyanjayi idadzaza ndi mitengo yayikulu. Kunapezeka kuti ndi nkhalango 10,000 wazaka.
The zaka chinthu sanali mbali chabe ya chotulukira. Nthambi yokongola inaphimba mahekitala masauzande omwe kale anali olumikizana ndi Europe ndi Great Britain. Dziko limeneli ankatchedwa Doggerland, ndi zakale analeredwa ndi asodzi zikutanthauza kuti anali anthu Mesolithic mlenje-okolola.
About 10,000 zapitazo, nkhalango anafika milingo yawo pazipita, kupereka mwayi wokwanira kwa kusaka, onse anthu ndi zinyama. Masiku ano, oak amasangalatsa kasitomala wamtundu wina. mitundu yambiri ya moyo m'madzi panopa padziko nkhalango monga m'madzi a.
6. Kupulumutsa hedgehog nsomba
Hedgehog nsomba nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi nsomba za galu. Ndi zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake. Mu njira yomweyo monga nsomba galu, nsomba hedgehog ndi mpweya mu kufanana zimaseketsa kuti chilombo si kumeza izo. Amakhalanso ndi ma spikes aatali mthupi lonse komanso poizoni wa poizoni wa tetrodoto. Za maulendo 1,200 wakupha kuposa cyanide, ululu komanso likulowerera khungu lawo.
Zifukwa zoonekeratu, anthu ochepa angazichite moyo hedgehog nsomba ndi manja. YouTube Blogger Key Bole idatulutsa kanema posonyeza momwe ochita zamtundu amachitira izi. Munthu anabwera kudutsa nsomba hedgehog ndi mbedza chachikulu mkamwa mwake.
Anagwira nsomba, kuyesera kuti kuwopseza ake. Chilombacho chidakhala chododometsa modabwitsa ndipo sichinatupa. Izi zikanakhala chisoni, chifukwa spikes kuwononga moyo diver a.
munthu mosamala analuka. Koma chakumapeto, zidatenga zolakwika zingapo - ndipo nsomba zamkati za hedgehog zidatulutsa. Usawope, ndi diver anatenga nsomba ndi mutu kupewa spikes, ndipo anakwanitsa kuchotsa mbedza.
5. wowala chisa
Mu 2017, wogwirizira adapeza china chodabwitsa pagombe la Australia. Zinali ngati mtundu wina wa nyama. Zinali tubular, translucent ndi yaikulu. Komanso, zinawalira.
theorists chiwembu mwamsanga ndinaganiza za nyama mwachinsinsi, koma akatswiri anali ndi maganizo osiyana. Chitoliro sanali cholengedwa, koma chisa nyamayi alimbane ndi mizere ya mazira. Zotsalazo zinali zapinki, ngati ngale.
Kudziwa kholo la zomangamanga nyama n'zodabwitsa kwambiri. Palibe wina, koma asayansi amakhulupirira kuti chitoliro zinapangidwa ndi daimondi chachinsinsi nyamayi (Thysanoteuthis rhombus).
Zamoyo zazikuluzikulu izi mwa ma kites zimakhala ndi anzawo moyo wawo wonse, ndipo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. The chowala wa chitoliro ndi zimachokera kwa mazira. Palibe amene akudziwa chifukwa iwo akuchepa, ngakhale yankho inkapezeka pa daimondi nyamayi mphutsi. Pakafukufuku wapitayi, mazira a diamondi adatsegulidwa ndikupeza kuti ana ake ali ndi maselo a pigment, onse ofiira ndi achikasu.
4. opiringizidwa Whale Shark
Mu 2018, kusambira osiyanasiyana anachenjeza Hawaii Dipatimenti ya Land and Natural Resources kuti nsombazi chinsomba anali pamavuto. Imeneyi sinali ntchito yophweka. Nsombayi osati nsomba yaikulu pa dziko, komanso nyama waulemu kuti alinso pangozi. Kosiyanasiyana inanena kuti nyama anali akodwa mu chingwe, ndipo iwo sakanakhoza kumuthandiza.
Pambuyo pake chaka chimenecho, banja la Hawaii la osambira angapo adapita kunyanja pafupi ndi chisumbu cha Lanai. Ngakhale zaka za freediving, sanathe kumuona Nsombayi, ndipo anasangalala pamene iwo anapeza mkazi wamng'ono pa mtunda mwakuya.
Sizinanditengere iwo yaitali kuzindikira kuti nsombazi anali anavulala kwambiri. Chingwe cholemera chinalowa pansi pamapeto penipeni ndikumasiya zipsera kumbuyo kwake.
Kumasula nsombazi, bambo ake anapanga mndandanda wa imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza awiri mphindi akuya mamita 18. The bata wa nyama zinali zosaneneka. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba za whale zimayandama zikagwidwa, koma zimaloleza mwamunayo kuwona chingwe choposa theka la ola, mpaka atamasulidwa.
3. chinsomba anaukira diver
zinsomba linunda nthawi zambiri limafanizira zimphona wofatsa. Katswiri wazomera zam'madzi Nan Hauser, yemwe anali wazaka 28 zodziwika bwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito anamgumi, sanathe kutsutsana - mpaka 2018.
Mukamadumphira pachilumba cha Cook Island, chinsomba chachikulu chotchedwa humpback chinafika ku Hauser. Kulemera makilogalamu 22,700, nyamayo inachita pang'ono pang'ono. Zinkawoneka kuti zikukakamiza kuti Hauser ayikidwe pamutu pake kapena kubisidwa pansi pa chiphaso chachikulu cha pectoral.
Kwa zoposa mphindi 10, wasayansi wazidole anali wodekha. Kusuntha kwa chinsomba sichinali chiwawa, koma kusiyana kwake kukula kunapangitsa kuti ikhale yangozi. Nthawi ina, adatulutsa mkazi m'madzi.
Pobwerera, Hauser adazindikira kuti zinthu sizinali zophweka ngati kungolimbana ndi chinsomba chankhanza. Kumbali ina ya chinsomba cha humpback anali atabisala shaki ya tiger 4.6 mita. Panalinso nsomba ina yachiwiri yotchedwa humpback yomwe inali kumenya madzi pafupi ndi chilombo.
Nkhani zinajambulidwa pomwe anamgumi a humpback amapulumutsa zisindikizo ndi ana amtundu wina wa anamgumi kuchokera kwa anamgumi opha. Zikadakhala zofananira izi, iyi ikhoza kukhala mlandu woyamba wambiri pomwe zimphona zimateteza munthu ku ngozi.
2. Cholengedwa chakale kuposa ma dinosaurs
Pansi pa nyanja pali cholengedwa chodabwitsa. Shaki wamiyendo isanu ndi umodzi ndi chinsomba chachikulu chomwe chinalima nyanja asanabadwe ambiri. Mitunduyi, yomwe ili ndi zaka 200 miliyoni, mwina idapulumuka chamoyo chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, chiphalaphalachi cha Permian, chomwe chinangokhala 4 peresenti yokha yam'madzi.
Anaona kusinthika ndi kutha kwa msodzi wotchuka wa megalodon. Shaki ya miyendo isanu ndi umodzi akadali pano. Mwachilengedwe, ofufuza angafune kuphunzira cholengedwa chakale ichi, koma malo awo okhala ndizovuta.
Mu 2019, asayansi adaganiza zodzamira pamadzi. Amenya jackpot ku Bahamas. Pomwe madzi apansi pamadzi afika 990 metres, shark wamkulu wama gill 6 adabwera kwa iye. Wamkazi wautali wa mamita 4.9 amawoneka kuti akufuna kudziwa kusiyanasiyana. Anayang'ana akatswiriwo ndi maso ake akuluakulu abuluu ndikukhudza mosamala chipangizocho.
Komabe, mphamvu zake adadziwonetsa pomwe adang'amba nyambo yomwe idaperekedwa kunja kwa othandizira ndikuwopa aliyense wamkati. Mayiyu anali pafupi kwambiri. Koma patapita usiku womwewo, asayansi adapeza shaki yamphongo 6, ndipo adakhala woyamba kukhala chithunzi chojambulidwa chojambula pamzere wapamadzi.
1. Mtsinje wokutidwa ndi poyizoni
Cenote ndi kulephera pa Peninsula yaku Mexico. Kuchokera pamwambapa, imawoneka ngati dziwe lamadzi wamba. Komabe, osiyanasiyana omwe amatsika pafupifupi mita 30 amakumana ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa - mtsinje wamadzi. Kuzungulira ndi nkhungu yoipa, yophimbira mumtsinjewo m'miyendo osachepera 3 mita.
Anthu ena omwe amayembekeza kulowa nkhungu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa. Mtambo umakhala wa haidrojeni sulfide ndipo umathandizira kuti zinthu zisinthe kwambiri posambira. Gasi imamwalira ikapumira. Izi sizoyenera kumva kuti mwataika.
M'malo mwake, mtsinjewo umatchedwa halocline. Ma Cenote ali ndi madzi am'madzi komanso madzi abwino. Mitsinje imakumana pomwe ikakumana ndipo singathe kusakaniza kwathunthu chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana.
Magawo omwe adaphatikizika adapanga mtsinje wa halocline, mtsinje wopanda pake pansi pamadzi abwino koma pamwamba pamadzi amchere. Popeza mtsinjewo ndi wokulirapo kuti nthaka isatayike, kuwonongeka kumabweretsa hydrogen sulfide, yomwe imatsalira mu mtsinjewo.
Nkhanu yakuda
Kodi sizabwino? Ndikupita m'mbali mwa njira mumdima, ndipo akutuluka mu kuwala kwa sitolo. Pozolowera ubwana wanga, ndidayima, ngati kuti ndawona titter. Ndipo ndi uyu, nkhanu. Ndinakumbukira kuti lero, maora angapo apitawa, kunali ma trouse ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Monga akunena, nsomba zidasala ndipo akhwangwala adatsala. Sindinasiye zinyalala. Ndidanyamula ndikuyamba kuthamangira mpaka ndafika kunyumba .. Tsopano akukhala m'banki, sindingadziwe mawonekedwe ake, koma ndikudziwa kuti ndi Nyanja Yakuda, adagulitsa ng'ombe. Ndipo tsopano ikuyenderana. nkhanu zamtundu wanji, zomwe zimadya, momwe ziliri. Mwina wina adakumana. Ndikufuna kupulumutsa Ryan uyu.
Chuma sichofunika, upangiri wothandiza. Mugulire tikiti ya ku Odessa imazimiririka nthawi yomweyo
Kasupe wobisika kuchokera pansi pa chipinda cha injini
Ndili ndi tirigu woposa matani 3,000, tinali kuyandikira kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Marmara kupita ku Dardanelles. Kunali kale madzulo pomwe kasupe wochokera kumadzi amadziwe mu chipinda cha injini.
Mchipindamo cha injini, pansi pamakhala zowirikiza, koma m'malo amenewa mumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza matanki amafuta, akasinja amafuta, akasinja amafuta padera, mafuta amatayikira padera, ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo pokhapokha ngati maziko a injiniyo mulibe akasinja, pansi pokhapokha, ndizomveka, simungathe kuyika mtembowo pachikuto cha thankiyo.
Ndipo mgalimoto timakhala ndikudontha kosalekeza - mafuta owala pang'ono (okha a - shy - okhudza aliyense!) Mafuta akutuluka kuchokera kulikonse, mwatsopano komanso madzi am'madzi akutuluka zisindikizo zamafuta, kapena ngakhale mapaipi owola. Inde, ingotsuka injini ya dizilo ndi kuyala pansi ndi ufa - kodi mumatha madziwo kuthamanga pansi atatu ndi ndowa? Osati konse - kuti atolere kutaya konse uku pali zitsime zotchedwa bilge, chilichonse chimayenda kumeneko, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo chimaponyedwa mu thanki yapadera yamadzi a bilge, mutu wamakanika wachiwiri.
Chifukwa chiyani? - koma mukugwira ntchito ina yokhudzana ndi mtundu, madzi, ochokera kumajini akulu, koma chitoliro chowola chaphulika kwinakwake ndipo thanki ya sikisi-eyitatu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Ndikotheka kupompa pokhapokha pa doko kwa osonkhanitsa apadera, amatenga shmurdyak iyi kupita kumalo apadera komwe, mothandizidwa ndi odzipatula, mafuta amkati amapatula, kuti pambuyo pake akhoza kuwotchedwa m'malo oyaka ena chipinda chowira. Komanso bizinesi, panjira.
Koma ikadzakhalabe doko, ndipo ngakhale wsonkhanitsa agogoda smut. Ndizoletsedwa kutaya zomwe zili m'maenje a bilge munyanja, ma valb ebb amasindikizidwa ndi zisindikizo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mukuganiza kuti vutoli ndi losathetseka? Yosasunthika, koma ndikupepesa chifukwa cha nsomba zosalakwa.
Chifukwa chake, pa "Sola" yathu (m'mene ndimasinthira, ndikukuuzani) kunalibe zitsime zopatula, koma panali damu lopyapyala pakati pa akasinja. Mwakutero, iyi ndi thanki yomweyo kuchokera mbali ndi mbali, imangotsegulidwa kuchokera kumwamba, pomwe zinyalala zonse zimatsikira. Ndipo madziwo ndi olemera kuposa mafuta ndi mafuta, ndipo pansi pa mafuta oyipa pansi pa cofferdam, madziwo, makamaka akunyanja, akhala akuuluka kwazaka zambiri. Pansi apa zovunda.
Pali lingaliro lotere: Kasupe ndi masentimita atatu mulifupi, koma ndani angadziwe momwe chitsulo chili pafupi, mwina ndi zonse zomwe zili ndi pepala lolemba? Muyamba kubudula kabokosoka muchenje ichi, ndipo sichitha ndipo chizipondaponda m'njira kuti pasapezeke mapampu okwanira!
Ndipo mkuntho utatiyandikira ku Mediterranean, zidzakhala choncho abale?
Chifukwa chake, adaganiza zomata mokoma chigwiriro chimodzi, atakulungidwa ndi zisanza, ndikulowetsa nyumbayo, usiku wabwino udafika.
Koma tikuyenda panjira yovuta, sichinthu choti tikhoza kuzimitsa, ndizosatheka kutsitsa liwiro pansi pamalire ena, othamangawo adzavota nthawi yomweyo: vuto ndi chiyani? onjezani stroke! Kupanda kutero, atumiza tugi ndipo imawulukira tambala wokongola kwambiri, kapitawo sayenera kugwetsedwa.
Ogulitsa sitimayo analinso ndi ife a Turks, kapu yomweyo adanenanso za nkhaniyi ndipo posakhalitsa adauzidwa komwe angatsekere nyumbayo.
Titafika, boti la mphira lomwe linali ndi ma scuba osiyanasiyana linabwera kwa ife. Mphukira yaying'ono ya Turks yovala suti ya mphira idalowa m'galimoto kuti idziwe komwe kuli dzenje lomwe lidadwala. Mukuwona usiku, pansi pamakhala zipolopolo ndi algae, simungathe kupeza nsonga ya mphayo, ngakhale ndi nyali. Koma katswiri - ndi katswiri, ngakhale a Turk. Titaganizira momwe dzenje lingapezeke pa miyala komanso matayala okufa - zida zomwe zimadutsa pamtunda ndipo ndi zokulirapo kuti zitha kuwonedwa, zoperekedwazo zidanyamuka ndipo posakhalitsa chitsotso chathucho chidakankhidwira m'chipinda cha injini, ndipo mumtsinje wa kasupewo, pomwe pakuyimitsidwa kasupe wonyozekayo.
Apa, werengani momwe ndingatanthauzire m'mawu momwe zonse zimathandizira :)
Ingoganizirani ndodo kunenepa kwa chala, ndikuti, ndi chingwe chodulira. Lolani kuti ndodoyo, yotalika masentimita 20-25, ikhale gawo loyimirira motsatana ndi kalata T. Ndipo mtanda wophatikizidwa umamangiriridwa kwa iwo kuti uzitha kuzungulira ndege yoyima, kenako kalata T imatenga mawonekedwe a kalata I, koma kasupe wapadera amatembenuza kukhala T. kachiwiri. gawo, mwendo wakulembayo, limadutsa pamchenga wamchenga wozungulira wokulungika wokhala ndi mainchesi wokulirapo kuposa dzenje lojambulidwa ndi bwalo lazitsulo, lomwe limakanikiza mphira pansi. Zimatha ndi mtedza.
Timayika kalatayo I mdzenje, ndipo ikagundika ndodo ndikulowera mkatimo, kasupeyo adzabwezeretsanso pamalo ena. Mtanda wopingasa umapumira pansi kuchokera mkati mwa mlanduwo, ndipo mtedzawo umasunthika panja kukanikiza zidina zachitsulo, ndipo pansi pake panali mphira, mpaka pansi kunja. Cholinga chimakwaniritsidwa!
Umu ndi momwe chipangizochi chikuwonekera. Kodi ndidakwanitsa bwanji kufotokoza? :)
Zithunzi zochokera pa intaneti
Koma izi, inde, ndi muyeso wosakhalitsa, kufikira padoko.
P.S. Mukamakonzekera nkhani, Picabu akuwonetsa zina zomwe zingachitike. Ndipo pansi pa chithunzicho ndi nkhandwe ndi kalulu chinali cholembedwa changa changa, choyikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali osati pansi pa dzina langa. Imatiuza komanso kuwonetsa pa vidiyo yomwe idawomberedwa pa sitima yathu momwe akulimbana ndi kutayikiratu. https://pikabu.ru/story/v_danishche_sudna_obrazovalas_tech_vo.
Mbiri zam'nyanja ndi oyendetsa panyanja adzawonjezeredwa.
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Dziko loyambirira la nkhanu za buluu ndi gombe la Atlantic kumpoto ndi South America. Ku Europe, mtunduwu udapezeka koyamba mu 1900. Masiku ano imapezeka kumadera akutali a Nyanja za Baltic ndi North. Imapezekanso munyanja za Mediterranean ndi Adriatic.
Nkhanu zamtundu wa buluu zimakhala makamaka m'madzi am'madzi komanso m'madzi osaya akuya mpaka mamita 36, yakuzama nthawi yozizira. Amakonda matope ndi mchenga pansi.
Nkhanu yabuluu imakhala ndi kukula wamba. Chipolopolocho chimafikira mainchesi 10 mpaka 20 ndipo chimakhala trapezoid kumbuyo kwake. M'mphepete mwake muli nsonga zakuthwa zomwe zimateteza bwino kwambiri kwa adani ambiri, koma osati kwa anthu.
Korona wabuluu ali ndi manja awiri pachifuwa. Malingaliro akutsogolo ndi miyendo imasinthidwa kukhala zibwano ziwiri zamphamvu zazikulu zosiyanasiyana. Chovala chachikulu chakuphika chimaphwanya zipolopolo, pomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito bulawu yaying'ono, nkhanu imaphwanya minofu yofewa ndikutumiza chakudya pakamwa. Malingaliro achisanu ndi ofanana mawonekedwe a kayak oar ndipo amagwira ntchito pakusambira. Khwangwala wabuluu amatha kuponya zibwano pangozi. Kenako nkhanu imatha kubwezeretsa miyendo yotayikayo.
Amphongo amasiyanitsidwa ndi chachikazi ndi chigoba chocheperacho pamimba.
Chipolopolo cha miyendo ndi kumbuyo
Mosiyana ndi nkhanu za pamtunda, m'misodzi mikono yakumbuyo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndipo imafanana ndi zipsepse. Chifukwa cha zomwe ali osambira abwino.
Mtundu waukulu wa nkhanu ndi zofiirira, koma mbali za chipolopolo ndi miyendo yokhala ndi zopaka ndi utoto wabuluu. Kwa mtundu wachilendo chotere, nkhanu imayenera kukhala ndi mitundu yapadera.
Maso owoneka pamizu yofupikirapo imakhala mwachindunji pansi pamphepete mwa carapace pamutu. Pakati pa maso pawiri ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhanu za buluu amaphatikiza wofiyira wofiyira (Sciaenops ocellatus), crocker wamba (Micropogonias undulatus), American silver gull (Larus argentatus smithsoniaus), mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya herons, komanso akamba am'nyanja.
Korona wabuluu amapikisananso ndi ena crustaceans chakudya. Izi ndizopatsa chidwi. Mphamvu zake zophatikiza ndi zakudya ndizophatikiza, monga, mwachitsanzo, mamiss, achinyamata crustaceans, nsomba, mphutsi, komanso mbewu. Sizinyoza kudya zovalazo. Ndikusowa kwa chakudya, nyamayi imakonda kuchita ziphuphu.
Nkhanu yamtundu wa buluu imayamba kukhwima pofika zaka 12 mpaka 18. Zachikazi zimakwatirana kamodzi pachaka, zitatha kusungunuka, pomwe amuna nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana.
Monga cr craceansans, nkhanu zamtunduwu nthawi zina zimasungunuka pamoyo wawo wonse. Pambuyo pa molting, mawonekedwe aakazi amakhala ofewa kwakanthawi kochepa. Wamphongo amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi imeneyi kukwatirana ndi wamkazi. Akakhwima, wamkazi amatha kusunga umuna wa amuna kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndikuphatikiza mazira panthawi yoyenera. Zimamera pafupifupi miyezi iwiri mutachira. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 2 miliyoni. Kutulutsa kumayambira mu Disembala ndipo kumatha mu Okutobala, ndipo nsonga zimachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe. Akaziwo akaikira mazira, mazira amathira umuna ndikusungidwa ndikumangirira tsitsi laling'ono pamiyendo yake yam'mimba.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe pafupifupi masiku 14. Pakupita miyezi iwiri, mphutsi za planktonic zimadutsa magawo asanu ndi atatu zisanakhale mawonekedwe a nkhanu. Ambiri aiwo amasanduka nsomba ndi ma crustaceans ena.
Akakhwima, anyaniwa amabwerera kumadzi opanda mchere, pomwe anyaniwa amakhalabe pamtsinje wa mitsinje.
Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu zimabisala m'matope kapena m'mudzu wanyanja kuti ziziyang'anira zomwe zikuwayang'anira kapena kuziteteza kwa adani. Nkhanu zamtundu wamtambo ndizovuta kwambiri kuyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
Nkhanu yabuluu ndi mlendo. Mpaka 60s ya zaka za zana la 20, sizinawoneke m'madzi a Nyanja Yakuda. Komwe kubadwa nkhanu izi ndi gombe lakummawa kwa United States. Kuchokera pamenepo, kumayambiriro kwa 1960s, iye, pamodzi ndi madzi oyendetsa zombo, choyamba adalowa mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amabwera kwa ife. Mwanjira yomweyo amayenda padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake tsopano zimapezeka m'madzi a Nova Scotia ndi Argentina.
Nkhanu yabuluu ndi mlendo. Adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku gombe lakummawa kwa USA.
Zoposa theka la zaka zokhala muNyanja Yakuda, anthu ake sanakhale ambiri. Komabe, adazolowera madzi ofunda ndipo madzi athu a 5-7 ° C nthawi yozizira adakhala otsika kwambiri kwa iye.
Akalulu ang'ono amafunika kutentha kwa madzi kwa 15 mpaka 30 ° C. Nyama zazikulu zimatha kulekerera kutentha kwamadzi mpaka 10 ° C. Mphutsi, mosiyana ndi nyama zazing'ono ndi zachikulire, zimafuna mchere wambiri, osalekerera mitengo pasi pa 20 ° C.
Amayang'ana mozungulira m'mphepete mwa chigombacho
M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, nyama zamtundu wamtambo sizimadyedwa kwenikweni, chifukwa ndizovuta kuphika mosangalatsa. Koma kwa aku America, izi sizovuta. Usodzi wowonjezera wa nkhanuyi umachitika ku Maryland. Koma, ngakhale izi, palibe nyama ya nkhanu ya buluu yokwanira aliyense, chifukwa imawoneka kuti ndi yofunika.
Gulu la Sayansi:
Kasitomala: Eukaryotes
UfumuZinyama
Mtundu: Arthropods
Gulu: Nsomba zazinkhanira kwambiri
Kufikira: Decapods
Banja: Kusenda Ming'alu
Chifundo: Callinectes
Onani: Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896))