Giant octopus adadzipatsa dzina chifukwa. Monga momwe mungaganizire, awa ndi ma octopus ambiri, omwe kulemera kwake kumatha kufika mpaka kilogalamu makumi atatu. Kusintha kosinthika kwakukulu kotheka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kilo imodzi mpaka khumi. Chizindikiro cha kilogalamu makumi atatu chimafika pamunthu amene kukula kwake kumafika masentimita zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu.
Komabe, izi ndizotalikira malire. Anthu payekha adalembedwa modalirika, kutalika kwake kudafikira mamita atatu ndi kulemera kwawo mpaka kilogalamu makumi asanu.
Malinga ndi malipoti osatsimikizika, octopus wamkulu amatha kufikira ma kilogalamu 270 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 960.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za ma octopus akuluakulu ndikuti ma sapota awo ali ndi mawonekedwe a W, ndipo pamwamba pa maso pali kutuluka kwa khungu katatu kapena kanayi, komwe kofanana ndi khutu. Hectocotyl yamphongo ndi yopapatiza, yotseka pang'ono ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi chitoliro. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kutalika kwa ma octopus amphaka amodzi amatha mpaka mamita asanu ndi anayi.
Giant Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini).
Thupi la chimphona chachikulu limakhala lofewa, lalifupi komanso lozungulira kumbuyo. Khomo lotseguka lili pamalo pomwe mahema a chimphona chokulirapo amakumana, ndipo chotsegulira chimatseguka pansi pa chovalacho. M'mawonekedwe, chovalacho ndi chofanana ndi chikwama chamakutu chachikopa. M'kamwa mwa mbewa yayikuluyi ya cephalopod muli nsagwada ziwiri zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimafanana ndi mlomo wa parrot. Pakhosi pa chimphona chachikulu pali radula (grater), mothandizidwa ndi yomwe ma octopus amapera chakudya.
Mutu, monga ma octopus ena, umakhala ndi ma tenti aatali asanu ndi atatu. Mahema amalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba ndipo ali ndi makapu oyamwa. Mphamvu yogwira chikho chilichonse chovomerezeka ndi pafupifupi magalamu 100, omwe, poyerekeza kuti kuchuluka kwa makapu oyamwa pafupifupi 3,000, kumapereka mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya octopus. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti, mosiyana ndi makapu oyamwa opangidwa ndi anthu, octopus wamkulu amafunika kuyesetsa mwamphamvu kuti agwire ndi thandizo lawo.
Octopus wamkulu ali ndi mitima itatu.
Octopus wamkulu ali ndi mitima itatu, umodzi umayendetsa magazi amtambo thupi lonse, pomwe ena awiriwo (gill) amawukankhira kudzera m'magawo. Popeza thupi la octopus wamkulu ulibe mafupa, limatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake. Izi zimamupangitsa kukhala wopulasitiki kwambiri, ndipo, pakati pazinthu zina, amalowerera matupi opapatiza, ming'alu ndi mabowo poyerekeza ndi kukula kwake, komanso amakhala ndi malo ochepa, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumakhala kochepera kuposa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chake.
Nyama zazikulu za octopus, pamodzi ndi abale awo, ndi ena mwa akhanda ophatikizika kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi chithokomiro chotupa cha chithokomiro. Ma Octopuse amaperekanso maphunziro, amakhala ndi kukumbukira komanso amatha kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe. Amatha kuzindikira anthu ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi anthu omwe amawadyetsa. Ngati mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi yayitali, amakhala osafunikira. Komabe, ngakhale atatha kuphunzira kwambiri ma octopus akuluakulu, pakati pa akatswiri azamanyama, kutsutsana za kuchuluka kwa nzeru za nyama izi sikutha.
Vuto lalikulu lomwe lili pakatikati pa kutsutsanaku ndikuti ma octopus amawerengedwa ndikutha kupanga ubongo wawo pantchito inayake.
Gius octopus ali ndi kukumbukira kwabwino - amakumbukira munthu yemwe amawasamalira ndi kuwadyetsa.
Mawonekedwe ake, ubongo wa octopus wamkulu umawoneka ngati bagel ndipo umayandikana ndi esophagus, ngati kuti ukumangiririka. Maso am'madzi akulu akulu ndi akulu ndipo ali ndi mandala ofanana ndi munthu. Phunziroli lili ndi mawonekedwe amakona.
Octopus wamkulu amatha kudziwa phokoso, kuphatikizapo kulowetsedwa. Pa lililonse la mahema a chimphona chachikulu cha octopus pamakhala zipatso zambiri (mpaka zikwi khumi) zomwe zimafotokozera kuti nkhani yake ndiyotani kapena ndiyosatheka.
Monga ma octopus ena, octopus wamkulu amatha kusintha mtundu wa thupi lake, kutsanzira chilengedwe. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti khungu la chimphona chachikulu limakhala ndi maselo okhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi zokopa zochokera ku dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje, maselo awa amayamba kugwira kapena kutalika. Mtundu wa octopus wamkulu ndiwofala kwa oimira amtunduwu ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Octopus ikachita mantha, imakhala mthunzi wopepuka. Ndipo pakukwiya, amatembenuka.
Octopus amadzaza ndi mkwiyo.
Genome la chimphona chachikulu
Mu 2015, asayansi anena kuti octopus genome adapangidwa. Modabwitsa, kutalika kwa matupi athu kunakhala kofanana ndi kuja kwa genome la munthu (ma octopus ali ndi awiri okwana 2.7 biliyoni, pomwe munthu ali ndi 3 biliyoni). Ngati tingayerekeze genome ya octopus, imaposa genome ya invertebrates pafupifupi kasanu. Mitundu yokhala ndi mapuloteni am'mimba wamkulu kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 35% kuposa anthu. Ngakhale ma invertebrates ali ndi ma chromosome ochepa kuposa anthu, ndi okulirapo kuposa zinyama zina zopanda nyama.
Palibe data pakadali pano pa nthawi yomwe ma ma octopus oyamba kwambiri amawoneka. Titha kungonena kuti cephalopod wakale kwambiri, yemwe adadziwika kuti ndi octopus, adapezeka mu zigawo za Pencwan subsystem ya Carboniferous nyengo.
Giant Octopus Life Mzungulira ndi Moyo
M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, ma octopus akuluakulu amapanga nthawi yayitali kusamuka. Poyembekeza kutuluka, nthawi yotentha, octopus wamkulu amasamukira kumalo osaya kumene amapanga masango. M'dzinja, kutulutsa kumatha, ma octopus amatha kwakanthawi kochepa (nthawi zambiri amakhala masiku ochepa) kukhazikika pamlingo wonsewo. Mwanjira imeneyi, masango sakupanga, ndipo ma octopus amadzaza dothi lamiyala pamtunda wa isobaths. Masana, octopus wamkulu amakonda kupuma, kuwonetsa ntchito zambiri mumdima.
Pamalo olimba kuphatikiza ubweya, ma octopus akuluakulu amangozungulira. Chifukwa cha izi, mahema okhala ndi makapu oyamwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Giant ma octopus amatha kusambira mahema obisika.
Octopus amakhala ndi moyo wapadera ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi malo okhala.
Kuti achite izi, amapanga mayendedwe achilendo ofanana ndi ntchito ya Cannon. Zikatero, chimphona chachikulu chimatunga madzi kulowa m'makomo omwe amapezekamo, kenako ndikukankhira mwamphamvu mbali inayo. Nyani wamkulu wa octopus amaponya madzi papulasitala. Titha kunena kuti ma octopuse akuluakulu adazindikira kale kayendedwe ka nthiti kale anthu asanayambe kuganiza za izi.
Kuphatikiza apo, octopus wamkulu amatha kuzungulira phokoso ndipo potero amasintha mayendedwe ake. Zowona, kuthamanga kwa chimphona chachikulu chimasiya kukhumbira: sikungapikisane ndi nsomba mwachangu. Pachifukwachi, chimphona chachikulu chimakonda kusaka kubisalira, chimadzipangitsa kukhala ngati malo ozungulira phirilo. Mdani akakhala pafupi, ndiye kuti akufuna kubisala. Mu octopus awa amathandizira kuthekera kwawo kufinya paming'alu yaying'ono ndi mabowo.
Pakhala pali nthawi zina pamene ma octopus akuluakulu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi gombe amakhala m'matumba ndipo mabokosi adamira pansi. Pankhaniyi, zokonda zimaperekedwa nthawi zonse ku malo amtundu wa "botolo", pomwe chipinda chambiri kwambiri chili ndi khomo lochepetsetsa. Nthawi yomweyo, ma octopus akuluakulu amakhala oyera komanso oyera mchipindacho. Kuti achite izi, amagwiritsa ntchito ndege yawo, yomwe amamasula kuchokera pamalonda, ndipo yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati "tsache". Nthawi yomweyo, zotsala za chakudya chake zimazisunga ndi octopus kunja kwa nyumba yake mulu wa zinyalala.
Pambuyo pofalikira mu nthawi yophukira, ma octopus mofulumira kwambiri, patangopita masiku ochepa, khalani pamtunda wonsewo.
Kubala Kwakukulu Octopus
Monga chisa, mabowo ang'onoang'ono pansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amamangidwa ndi mtundu wa shaft wopangidwa ndi zipolopolo ndi miyala. Mazira ali ngati mawonekedwe a mpira ndipo amalumikizidwa m'magulu a zidutswa makumi awiri. Akazi atasokonekera, amakonza chisa m'phanga kapena dzenje m'madzi osaya, momwe mazira ambiri adzaikidwako. Akazi amasamalira mazira mosamala, kuwapumulira ndi kumadutsa madzi ndi madzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mahema ,ikazi imachotsa litsiro ndi zinthu zakunja. Nthawi yonse yomwe mazira amakula, zazikazi zimakhala pachisa popanda chakudya ndipo nthawi zambiri zimamwalira pambuyo pomenyera.
Giant Octopus Habitat
Ngati tikulankhula za madera am'mphepete mwa nyanja, mawonekedwe kwambiri a malo okhala octopuse ndi dothi lamiyala. Monga lamulo, octopus amabisala pakati pa malata, m'ming'alu ndi m'mapanga. M'chilimwe, octopus wamkulu amatha kupezeka panthaka zamitundu yonse. Octopus wamkulu amatha kupezeka pamalire a mchenga ndi miyala yamiyala yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo otsetsereka.
Mbalame zazikazi zimasunga mazira modzipereka, nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi njala.
Nthawi zambiri, ma octopus awa amapezeka pamiyala yamiyala ndi yamchenga pakatikati pake. M'malo omwe octopus amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi gombe, amasankha matope, mchenga, zipolopolo ndi miyala. Octopus omwe amakhala m'malo otseguka, omwe amadziwika ndi dothi labwino, nthawi zina amatha kukumba mabowo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chimphona chachikulu ngati pango.
Adani a Giant Octopus
Choopseza chachikulu kwambiri cha anyaniwa ndi amphaka, nsomba, nsomba, zisindikizo, mikango yam'nyanja, nyanja zam'madzi, nthawi zina umuna wa ukala ndipo, anthu.
M'malo otseguka ndi dothi lomamwazika, octopus amatha kukumba maenje ambiri, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati khola.
Zodabwitsa okhala padziko lapansi lamadzi
Ofufuza amakono akhala akutsimikizira nthano zonsezi ndi nkhambakamwa chabe. Choonadi chidakhala chopatsa chidwi, nyama izi zimapatsidwa unyinji wazikhalidwe zodabwitsa:
- ali anzeru komanso oganiza bwino (mamiliyoni a mahema am'mimba amawapatsa mwayi wogwira)
- ali ndi masomphenya abwino ndipo amatha kupenda mwachangu zomwe adawona,
- ali ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lolimba,
- ali ndi mitima itatu.
- magazi awo ndi amtambo
- ali ndi mikono isanu ndi itatu yolimba, yosunthasuntha nthawi zonse ndi makapu oyamwa, omwe amayang'anira kukhudza ndi kuwongolera, omwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyendo, kuti azitha kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
- amalankhulana kudzera mu utoto, pomwe iwo okha amasiyanitsa mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera,
- amasunthidwa ndi injini ya ndege,
- amatha kukhala owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino, nasintha khungu lawo ndi kapangidwe kake ngati kamphindi.
Zamoyo zosangalatsazi sizikhala ndi mafupa kapena chipolopolo, zimakhala ndi thupi lokhazikika la elastiki lomwe lingasinthe mawonekedwe. Ngakhale ectopus wamkulu kwambiri amatha kulowerera m'galu lililonse lomwe silimangokhala ndi cholimba pakamwa pokha. Chiwalochi chimakhala ndi keratin, ngati misomali yathu, ndipo chimawoneka ngati mulomo wa parrot. Nyama yolemera 8-10 makilogalamu imatha kulowa mdzenje ndi mainchesi a 3.5 cm.
Omwe amakhala m'madzi akuya kwakunyanja ndi owopsa nthawi yomweyo; amawanyamula kupita nawo kuzama kosamvetsetseka kuti munthu athe kuzindikira kukongola kwake ndikuwazindikira bwino. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 300 ya ma octopus, 100 omwe amafotokozedwa, mitundu yonse ya mawonekedwe, mitundu ndi kukula kwake ndi chibadwa mwa iwo. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi malo aliwonse okhala, kuyambira madzi osaya gombe mpaka akasupe akuya amadzi. Chosangalatsa chachikulu ndi nyama zazikulu. Izi ndi octopus wamba, Doflein ndi Apolion.
Pali nkhani za anthu wamba achilendo amtundu wochokera ku nyanja yakuya, omwe kulemera kwake kudaposa 50 kg. Nkhani za zimphona zowopsa zomwe zinali ndi mahema autali wopitilira zaka 10 zidawoneka zaka zopitilira 50 zapitazo, ndipo anthu ena adagwira ma octopus akuluakulu olemera kuposa makilogalamu 180, monga momwe chimbalangondo chakuda chimalemera. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mbiri yoyipa. Pamwamba pa maso a octopus pali nyenyezi ziwiri zakunja zikufanana ndi nyanga, zomwe adazitcha "satana wapanyanja." Iyi ndiye octopus ya Doflein.
Mtundu wa cephalopods ndiwophunziridwa kwambiri. Anthu otere amakhala m'madzi am'nyanja ya Far East, pagombe la Japan ndi America. Amakonda kukhala m'malo ozama osatsika pansi pa mamita 300. Nyama zamtunduwu zimatha kulemera kuposa makilogalamu 50, ngakhale zimalemera nthawi zonse ndi 25 kg. Pali milandu yodziwika pamene ma octopus opitilira 270 kg adagwidwa ndi "sikelo" yamatenti yoposa 9 m.
Pobadwa, kutalika kwa ma octopus a Doflein ndi 6mm basi ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 0,003 gramu. Amachulukitsa kulemera kwawo miyezi itatu iliyonse. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, amalemera makilogalamu awiri, ndiye mpaka miyezi 32 amapanga jerk, ndikukula kwambiri mpaka 18 kg. Ma octopuse akuluakulu awa amadya mosalekeza ndikudya zonse zomwe amapeza, amatha kudya zamtundu wawo. Ma octopus oterowo amakhala zaka 4 zokha.
Nyamayi imakhala munyanja zonse zam'madzi otentha komanso zam'madzi, m'madzi osaya kwambiri mpaka 150 m ndi miyala yamiyala pansi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 25 cm, kulemera - mpaka 10 kg.
Octopus wamba amakhala yekha, kubisala kwa nsomba zazikulu ndi zoweta zam'madzi, kudzipanga okha pokhapokha kukasaka. Chiyembekezo cha moyo - zosaposa zaka ziwiri.
Kufalikira Kwakukulu Octopus
Phiri lalikulu kwambiri la octopus ndilofala m'madzi am'nyanja kuchokera ku Korea Peninsula ndi Japan kufikira kumwera kwa chilumba cha Sakhalin ndi Primorye. Amakhalanso pafupi ndi Aleutian ndi Commander Islands, Kamchatka ndi zilumba za Kuril. M'mphepete mwa North America, kuwonjezera pa zilumba zomwe zatchulidwazi, amakhala ku California. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano, chiwerengero chachikulu cha akazi ndi amuna chikucheperachepera.
Apolo
Malingaliro awa ndi akulu. Octopus atha kutenga dzina la chimphona. Koma Apollion ali ndi Drawback yekhayo - kulemera kwake kochepa kokhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi. Kuchulukitsa kwa ma octopus amtunduwu kumakhala kofanana ndi kangaude wosakhalitsa: miyendo yayitali, yosalimba ndi yopyapyala kuchokera kumtunda yaying'ono.
Apollo amakhala m'matanthwe pafupi ndi Canada, Alaska ndi California. Madzi ozizira kwambiri okhala ndi mpweya wabwino amakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri wokulira kwa octopus.
Mtundu wamakono wa chithunzi cha octopus ndi chifanizo cha chimphona chokoma, komabe, zadziwika kuti octopus zazikulu zolemera makilogalamu 50 apezeka mocheperako kwa zaka 15-20 zapitazi. Uwu ukhoza kukhala mkhalidwe wamtundu womwe umapatsa octopus kukula kocheperako kuposa zomwe anali nazo zaka 50-80 zapitazo. Zomwe zimatha kukhala zinthu zomwe zimayipitsa nyanja, ndikuwonjeza kuwedza kwa octopus (nkhanu). Kapena mwina m'dziko lotentha, zimphona zoterezi zimangogona pansi? Kusintha kwanyengo kumakhala kowopsa ku ma octopus ambiri. Ndizotheka kuti othandizira opezekapo mwakuya kwambiri pomwe munthu sangathe kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono.
Dziko lodabwitsa lanyanja limabisa zinsinsi zambiri, chimodzi mwazomwe chimakhala chimphona. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, nkhani za oyendetsa sitima odziwa bwino za kukula kwakukulu kwa Kraken zidakondweretsa chidwi. Koma ngati krvet akadali nthano yachabe, ndiye nkhaniyi ikunena za cephalopods enieni, omwe kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wa anthu ubweke lero!
Kumanani ndi octopus wamkulu kwambiri malinga ndi Guinness Book of Record, inali cephalopod, yotchedwa Doflein wa ku Germany yosamalira zachilengedwe, kutalika kwake kunali 9.6 m ndipo kulemera kwake kwa thupi kunali 272 kg. Ndizovuta kuti ndikhulupirire, koma chilombo chotere chimakula kuchokera pa mphutsi zokha kukula kwa 3-4 mm.Ma octopus a Doflane amatchedwanso ziwanda zam'nyanja chifukwa cha kakulidwe kake kamangidwe ka nyanga zomwe zili pamwamba pa maso. Malingana ndi kukula komweko, amatchedwa a lared.
Kufunika kwachuma kwa chimphona chachikulu
Gius octopus ndi nyama yotsatsa ku South Korea, DPRK, ndi Northern Japan, zomwe zimakhudza kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyamayi. Mu zakudya za ku Japan, ma octopuse akuluakulu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapita kuphika mbale monga takoyaki ndi sushi.
Ikaphikidwa bwino, nyama ya octopus wamkulu imakhala yokoma kwambiri komanso yathanzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, amadyedwa ali amoyo, omwe amaduladulidwa zidutswa zoonda ndikuwamwetsa mkati mwa mphindi zochepa, pomwe mahema amapitilirabe. Posachedwa, ma octopuse akuluakulu adayamba kubwera ku malo odyera ku Russia, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la zomwe zimatchedwa nyanja, mu mawonekedwe owuma ndi mchere.
Giant octopus ndi gwero la mavitamini a B-group, selenium, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Mukaphika nyama, muyenera kukhala ndi maluso kuti muchotse inki, fungo ndi zotsalira za ntchofu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Gigantomania
Monga zimayenera zilombo zonse, ma octopus amabisala pamalo akuya kwambiri, pakati pa miyala ndi algae. Komabe, asayansi adatha kuyambitsa dziko lapansi pachimphona china. Wachibale wa octopus wa mita 9, yemwe adatenga malo a 1 pamtundu wa octopus wamkulu kwambiri, adalembetsedwa mu 40s. XX century. Kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 180 ndipo kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi mamita 8. M'mabwalo asayansi, ma octopus awa amadziwika kuti ndi akulu kwambiri komanso amawerengedwa, chifukwa sakhala nyanja yakuya, ngati abale awo ambiri.
Ma octopus a Doflein amakonda kwambiri madzi ozizira. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo ndi +12 C. Izi zikuluzikulu zimakonda kusaka usiku, nsomba, crustaceans ndi cephalopods ofanana. Khungu la Doflein limakwinya pang'ono. Octopus imapangitsa kuti ikhale yapadera kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi mpumulo wa thanthwe kapena miyala.
Mu pacific
Octopus Pacific adapezeka atafa pagombe la New Zealand, zomwe sizinamulepheretse kulowa ambiri. Thupi lake ndi lalitali mamita 4 ndipo limalemera 75 kg. Omwe adamulowetsa anali opambana kwambiri; sanathe kungokhala ndi moyo zokha, komanso kuti alowe mu Guinness Book of Record. Komanso ndinakhala mollusk wa Pacific cephalopod wolemera makilogalamu 58 ndi kutalika kwa tentpaper wa 3.5 m.
Pacific octopus ndi ochepa. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku aquarium imodzi idatha kuthawa ma octopus a 12. Popanda mafupa, octopus amatha kulowa mosavuta m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Chinthu chinanso cha cephalopods ndikuti amatha kuchita popanda madzi kwa maola angapo.
Tsoka ilo, chilengedwe chinakonza izi kuti nthumwi za mitundu iliyonse, kufikira zochuluka kwambiri, zizikhala zazifupi. Zaka za octopuse ndizosakhalitsa: pafupifupi zaka 4. Kwa zimphona, m'badwo uno umachepetsedwa kukhala zaka 2. Asayansi amati mtsogolomo, anthu ena ambiri adzayamba kusochera pa pulaneti, chifukwa, kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa chisinthiko, kukula sichinthu chachikulu!
Mngelo wa imfa
Apolo wa octopus adatchedwa mngelo wa phompho ndi imfa. Mollusk adachokera ku dzina lopanda vuto lililonse chifukwa chokhoza kupha munthu wovulala ndi jet poyizoni ndikuyamwa. Amasaka makamaka nkhanu. Ngati kupweteka kumaluma munthu, ndiye kuti zizindikirazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe munthu akumwa ndi njoka, koma sizipha. Chotupa kuchokera kuluma zimadutsa mu masabata 2-3.
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ma octopus samazunza anthu, m'malo mwake, amapewa kukumana nawo. Nthawi zambiri, kuluma konse kudziteteza.
Malinga ndi wolemba buku la "Primates of the Sea" I. Akimushkina, kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX. nthumwi yaulemelero wopambana wamapulogalamu 5 m kukula ndi kutalika kwa chihema 8.8 m nthawi yomweyo "angelo aimfa" amalemera pang'ono komanso kukula kwa matupi awo safika pamtunda wopitilira 30. Apollion amakhala m'mphepete mwa Alaska, California ndi Canada.
Yanagi Daco
Imodzi mwa octopuse akuluakulu amaonedwa kuti ndi "akagi-dako" weniweni wa ku Japan, kapena kuti octopus, wokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Hokkaido Kutalika kwake kumafikira mamita 3. Achi Japan amawona kuti ndiwopatsa chidwi, nsomba zowonjezereka kwambiri zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwake, ndipo ma octopus amabwera pabwalo, kapena m'malo mwake patebulo la Japan, mwina.
Octopuse ndi nyama zodabwitsa. Cephalopods sangathe kutchedwa wopanda mtima. Ali ndi mitima itatu. Mwazi wamtambo umayenda m'mitsempha yawo, ndipo ndi anzeru kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti wolosera wotchuka kwambiri wa octopus Paul (anali wa octopus wamba), yemwe adaneneratu molondola zotsatira zamasewera a mpira. Polemekeza Paul, chipilala chamtundu wa mpira wamiyendo chinaululidwanso. Anthu achijeremani anali oopa Mulungu chifukwa adasunga phulusa lake n kumuyika mkati mwa chipilalachi.
Mutha kuwona ma octopus ali ku ukapolo, mwachitsanzo, mu "Exotarium" wa Moscow Zoo mumakhala chimphona chachikulu cha Pacific.
M'malo mwake, muli ma octopus oposa 300 okhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiririka. Mwatsatanetsatane, tidazindikira ma octopuse akulu kwambiri.
- Octopus wa Doflein - 9.6 m, kulemera 272 kg.
- Octopus wa Doflein - 8 m, kulemera kwa 180 kg.
- Apollion - 5 m (kulemera kwenikweni sikunasonyezedwe. Octopus ndiwotsika kulemera kwa mitundu yonse yomwe yatchulidwa muyezo).
- Pacific Octopus - 4 m, kulemera 75 kg
- Pacific octopus - 3.5 m, kulemera 58 kg.
- Willow octopus - 3 m (kulemera sikunatchulidwe).
Mwina dziko lapansi lidzazindikirabe zambiri za moyo umodzi wam'madzi, zomwe, zikupereka zovuta kwa munthu, mosayembekezereka zimachokera kunyanja.
Ziripo kuyambira kale. Koma ngakhale lero pali owona ndi maso omwe ali okonzeka kutsimikizira zosokonekera kwambiri. Poyerekeza malongosoledwe a asitikali ndi asayansi, ma octopuse akuluakulu akadalipo. Zimabisala m'madzi akuya am'nyanja ndi m'mapanga a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zina zimagwira munthu, kuwononga asodzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zambiri zomwe ma octopuse akuluakulu amakhala munyanja zimachokera padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, octopus wamkulu kwambiri, wogwidwa kuchokera pansi penipeni pa nyanja, adafika mita 22, ndipo mulifupi mwake makapu ake oyamwa adafika masentimita 15. Kodi zilombozi ndi ziti ndipo chifukwa ninji sizifufuzidwa?
Kodi timadziwa chiyani za ma octopus?
Ndi miyendo yawo yomwe imakula mwachindunji kuchokera pamutu, imatha kutenga malo aliwonse, nawo mollusk amagwira wozunzidwayo. Chovalacho chimaphimba makutu ndi ziwalo zamkati.
Mutu umakhala wochepa ndi maso owoneka bwino. Kuti asunthe, octopus amalanda chovalacho ndi madzi ndipo amakankhira mwadzidzidzi kudzera mumaloko pansi pamutu. Chifukwa cha kukankha uku, amasunthira kumbuyo. Pamodzi ndi madzi, inki imatuluka mumtokoma - zinyalala za octopus. Pakamwa pa cholengedwa cham'madzichi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Ndi mlomo, lilime lophimbidwa ndi grator wanyanga ndi mano ang'ono koma owopsa kwambiri. Imodzi mwa mano (apakati) ndiokulirapo poyerekeza ndi ena onse, imabowola mabowo mumakoko a nyama.
Giant octopus: ndani?
Ichi ndi nthumwi ya banja la Octopus dofleini, wokhala m'miyala.Mtundu waukulu kwambiri, womwe umafotokozedwa ndikulemba mu Guinness Book of Records, unali ndi miyendo kutalika kwa 3.5 m (kupatula chovala). Umboni wotsika wa oyendetsa sitimawo umatsimikizira kuti panali nyama zokulirapo zomwe zinali ndi ma tententi mpaka ma 5 metres. Ma octopus akuluakuluwa amawopa m'maso, ngakhale kuti sanayike ngozi kwa anthu. Zakudya za anthu okhala m'madzi muno siziphatikizapo Koma zimatha kumuwopseza munthu. Akakwiya, mollusk amasintha mtundu kukhala maroon, amatenga malo owopsa, kukweza matenti ake, ndikuyika inki yakuda.
Chithunzi chachikulu cha octopus, chithunzi chake chomwe chaperekedwa pamwambapa, chatulutsa inki kale panjira yapadera ya inki ndipo ndi wokonzeka kuthamangira kunkhondo. Ngati octopus aponya miyendo yake kumbuyo kwa mutu wake ndikuyika makapu oyamwa, zikutanthauza kuti akukonzekera kubwezera mdani - iyi ndi njira yankhanza yobwezera.
Kodi ma octopuse akuluakulu ndi owopsa?
Kukwiya kwa nyamayi kumatha kuchitika ngati muigwira mwamphamvu kapena kuyesera kuti muwatulutsemo. Milandu yozunza anthu sichachilendo, koma palibe zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zanenedwapo kuchokera pakuzunzidwa ndi ma tententi. Octopuse amachita manyazi mwachilengedwe, choncho nthawi zambiri amayesa kubisala akakumana ndi munthu. Ngakhale mu nyengo yakukhwima, anthu ena amakhala ankhanza kwambiri ndipo samawopa anthu. Nyama yotchedwa Octopus dofleini imatha kuluma kwambiri, koma kuluma kumeneku sikumakhala koopsa, mosiyana ndi kuluma kwa abale ena otentha. Ma octopus akuluakulu amasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi .owona, nthawi yawo yamoyo ndi yochepa: wamkazi akafa pambuyo pobala, ndipo wamphongo ngakhale atangobereka kumene.
Octopuse mwina ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri pakati pa mapiri okhala munyanja yayikulu. Mawonekedwe awo odabwitsa, osangalatsa, nthawi zina ochititsa mantha, malingalirowo amakoka ma octopus akuluakulu omwe amatha kumira mosavuta ngakhale sitima zazikulu, izi zamtundu wamtundu wa octopus zidathandizidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito ya olemba ambiri otchuka, mwachitsanzo, Victor Hugo adalongosola m'buku lake la "Ogwira Ntchito Nyanja" octopus ngati "mawonekedwe athunthu oyipa." Zowonadi zake, ma octopus, omwe alipo mitundu yoposa 200 m'chilengedwe, ndi zolengedwa zopanda vuto lililonse, ndipo ndizotheka kuti azitiopa ife anthu, osati motsutsana.
Achibale apafupi kwambiri a octopus ndi squid ndi cuttlefish, iwowokha ndi a banja la cephalopods, banja la octopus koyenera.
Octopus: kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi ma octopus amawoneka bwanji?
Maonekedwe a octopus ndiosokoneza, sizowonekeratu kuti mutu wake uli kuti, pakamwa pake, ali kuti ndi maso ndi miyendo yake. Koma kenako zonse zimveka bwino - thupi lachiwopsezo cha octopus limatchedwa chovala, chomwe chimasungidwa ndi mutu waukulu, maso ake ali kumtunda. Maso a octopus ndi opindika.
M'kamwa mwa octopus mulinso kanthu kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo kamazunguliridwa ndi nsagwada zotupa, zotchedwa kuti mulomo. Chotsirizirachi ndichofunikira kuti octopus apukute chakudya, chifukwa sakudziwa momwe angamezere nyama yawo yonse. Amakhalanso ndi grater yapadera kummero kwake, amakweranso ndi chakudya. Pakamwa ponse palinso mahema osungika, omwe ndi chizindikiro cha octopus. Ma tentpento a octopus ndiwotalika, opaka minyewa, pansi pake amakhala ndi ma sucker osiyanasiyana kukula kwake (inde, masamba omwe ali ndi zipatso za octopus). Kodi ma octopus amakhala ndi masenti angati? Nthawi zonse kulipo asanu ndi atatu a iwo, makamaka kuchokera ku manambala awa dzina la nyamayi lidachokera, popeza mawu oti "octopus" amatanthauza "miyendo isanu ndi itatu" (ndiye kuti, mahema).
Komanso mitundu makumi awiri ya octopus imakhala ndi zipsepse zapadera zomwe zimagwira ngati mtundu wa zoyambira zikamayenda.
Chosangalatsa: Octopus ndi anzeru kwambiri pakati pa maula, ubongo wa octopus umazunguliridwa ndi ma cartilage apadera omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi chigaza cha ma vertebrates.
Ziwalo zonse zam'maganizo za octopus zimapangidwa bwino, makamaka mawonekedwe, maso a octopus mu kapangidwe kawo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi maso a munthu. Diso lililonse limatha kuwona mosiyana, koma ngati ma bowo amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa chinthucho, maso amaphatikizana mosavuta ndikuyang'ana pa chinthu chopatsidwa, mwa kuyankhula kwina, ma octopus ali ndi zoyambira zamawonedwe a bino. Ndipo ma octopus amatha kujambula infrasound.
Mapangidwe a ziwalo zamkati mwa octopus ndi zovuta modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake kamavomerezedwa, ndipo zotengera zamagetsi zimakhala zolumikizidwa pafupifupi ndi venous. Octopus amakhalanso ndi mitima itatu! Chimodzi mwa izo ndi chinthu chachikulu, ndi ma gill awiri ang'ono, omwe ntchito yawo ndikukankhira magazi kumtima waukulu, apo ayi amawongolera kuyenda kwa magazi mthupi lonse. Ponena za magazi a octopus, ali ndi buluu! Inde, ma octopus onse ndi aristocrats enieni! Koma mozama, mtundu wa magazi a octopus ndi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mitundu yapadera m'matumbo - geociamine, omwe mwa iwo amatenganso gawo lofanana ndi hemoglobin.
Chida china chosangalatsa chomwe octopus tili nacho ndi siphon. Sipon imatsogola kumayendedwe ovala, kumene ma octopus amatunga madzi, kenako, ndikumasula, mwadzidzidzi, imapanga mtsinje weniweni, ndikukankhira thupi lake patsogolo. Zowona, chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito cha octopus sichili chokwanira ngati cha squid wa m'bale wake (yemwe adakhala wamkulu wopanga rocket), komanso pamtunda.
Kukula kwa ma octopus kumasiyana ndi mitundu, yayikulu kwambiri ndi mainchesi atatu kutalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi 50 kg. Mitundu yambiri ya ma octopus apakati imachokera ku 0.2 mpaka 1 mita kutalika.
Ponena za mtundu wa octopus, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu ofiira, ofiira, kapena achikasu, komanso amasintha mtundu wawo motere. Makina awo osinthira mitundu ali ofanana ndi amphongo - maselo apadera a chromatophore omwe amakhala pakhungu amatha kutambasulira ndikusintha pakangopita masekondi, kusintha mtundu nthawi yomweyo, ndikupangitsa kuti octopus asawonekere kwa omwe angadye, kapena kunena momwe akumvera (mwachitsanzo, okwiya octopus blishes, even blackens).
Kodi octopus amakhala kuti?
Kukhazikika kwa ma octopus ndi pafupifupi nyanja zonse ndi nyanja, kupatula madzi akumwera, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amalowamo. Koma nthawi zambiri ma octopus amakhala munyanja zotentha, zonse m'madzi osaya kwambiri komanso mozama kwambiri - ma octopus ena akuya kwambiri amatha kulowa mpaka pakuya mamita 5000. Ma octopus ambiri amakonda kukhazikika m'matanthwe a coral.
Kodi octopus amadya chiyani?
Octopus, komabe, monga mitundu ina ya cephalopod, zolengedwa zodya nyama, chakudya chake ndi nsomba zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, komanso nkhanu ndi nkhanu. Amayamba kunyamula chakudya chawo ndi ma tententi ndikuwapha ndi poizoni, kenako amayamba kuyamwa, popeza sangathe kumeza zidutswa, ayamba kumeza chakudyacho ndi mulomo.
Adani a octopus
Mmodzi mwa adani owopsa kwambiri a octopus m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi munthu, yemwe kuphika kumathandizira kuti akhale ndi gawo lalikulu, chifukwa mumatha kuphika zakudya zabwino komanso zosangalatsa kuchokera ku octopus. Kupatula izi, octopus amakhalanso ndi adani ena achilengedwe, zilombo zosiyanasiyana zam'nyanja: asodzi, mikango yam'nyanja, zisindikizo za ubweya, zinziri zakupha sizimaletsa kudya octopus.
Kodi octopus ndiowopsa kwa anthu?
Ndi m'masamba a mabuku okha kapena m'mafilimu ena opeka a sayansi omwe ma octopus ndi zolengedwa zowopsa, zomwe sizingangopha anthu mosavuta, komanso zimawononga zombo zonse. Zowonadi, sizovulaza kwathunthu, komanso mantha, pakuwona pang'ono zoopsa, octopus amakonda kuthawa, zivute zitani. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri amasambira pang'onopang'ono, akakhala pangozi, amatsegula injini ya jet, kuti octopus ifulumire mpaka 15 liwiro paola 15. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mwakhama luso lawo kutsanzira, kuphatikiza ndi malo ozungulira.
Mitundu ikuluikulu yokha ya octopus yomwe imatha kukhala pangozi yozungulira mitundu yodziwika, komanso nthawi yakuswana yokha. Pankhaniyi, mwachidziwikire, ma octopus sangakhale woyamba kuukira munthu, koma kudzitchinjiriza, amatha kumukwapula ndi poyizoni wake, yemwe, ngakhale sakupha,, adzayambitsa malingaliro osasangalatsa (kutupa, chizungulire). Chosiyana ndi ma octopus okhala ndi buluu omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Australia, omwe poizoni wam'mimba umapwetekabe anthu, koma popeza octopus imakhala njira yobisalira, ngozi ndi izi ndizosowa kwambiri.
Mitundu ya octopus, zithunzi ndi mayina
Zachidziwikire, sitifotokozera mitundu yonse ya 200 ya octopus, tidzangoyang'ana chidwi kwambiri pa izo.
Monga momwe mukuyerekezera ndi dzinali, iyi ndiye octopus wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Imatha kufikira metro 3 m'litali ndi 50 makilogalamu kulemera, koma awa ndi anthu akuluakulu kwambiri amtunduwu, pafupifupi, octopus wamkulu ali ndi makilogalamu 30, ndi 2-2,5 mita kutalika. Amakhala ku Pacific Ocean kuyambira ku Kamchatka ndi Japan kupita kugombe lakumadzulo kwa United States.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yophunziridwa bwino kwambiri ya octopus, yomwe imakhala mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Nyanja ya Atlantic, kuchokera ku England kupita kugombe la Senegal. Ndi yaying'ono, kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 25 cm, ndipo palimodzi ndi masentimita 90. Pakati pazoyambira thupi ndi 10 cm.Ndizotchuka kwambiri muzakudya za ku Mediterranean.
Ndipo malingaliro okongola awa a octopus, omwe amakhala kufupi ndi gombe la Australia, ndiwowopsa kwambiri pakati pawo, popeza ndi poizoni wake womwe ungayambitse kulephera kwa mtima mwa anthu. Chizindikiro china cha octopus iyi ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete zamtambo ndi zamtambo wakuda pakhungu lachikaso. Munthu amatha kuukiridwa podzitchinjiriza, ndiye kuti mupewe tsoka, muyenera kungoyandikira kwa iye. Komanso ndi octopus yaying'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwake ndi 4-5 cm, tentpenters - 10 cm, kulemera kwa magalamu 100.
Kuswana kwa octopus
Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe ma octopus amaberekera, njirayi ndi yosangalatsa komanso yachilendo kwa iwo. Choyamba, amabereka kamodzi m'miyoyo yawo, ndipo izi zimadzetsa mavuto ambiri. Nyengo isanakhazikike, imodzi mwa mahema aimuna amatulutsa mtundu wamtundu - hectocotyl. Ndi chithandizo chake, yamphongo imasinthanitsa umuna wake kumkono wamkati wamkazi. Pambuyo pa izi, amuna, tsoka, amwalira. Akazi omwe ali ndi maselo obala amuna amapitiliza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa miyezi ingapo, kenako ndikumaikira mazira. Pali ochuluka kwambiri a iwo omanga, mpaka 200 zikwi mazana.
Kenako, zimatha miyezi ingapo mpaka kubadwa kwa ma octopus ang'ono, wamkazi nthawi imeneyi amakhala mayi wachitsanzo, akumaphulitsa fumbi kuchokera kwa ana ake amtsogolo. Chakumapeto, chachikazi chimafa ndi njala nayenso chimafa. Ma octopus achichepere amatha kuchokera ku mazira okonzekera moyo wodziimira pawokha.
- Posachedwa, ambiri amvapo mawu octopus Paul, octopus oracle, wolosera za octopus, molondola modabwitsa zotsatira zamasewera a mpira ku European Championship ku Germany mu 2008. Odyetsa awiri okhala ndi mbendera zamagulu otsutsa adayikidwira mu aquarium momwe octopus amakhala, kenako timu yomwe wodyetsa Paul octopus adayamba chakudya chake adapambana masewera a mpira.
- Ma octopus amathandizira kwambiri mu malingaliro olakwika a anthu, ndipo kale kwambiri, kumayambiriro kwa 1814, wojambula wina ku Japan Katsushika Hokusai analemba mawu osokonekera, "loto la Mkazi Wosodza," lomwe limawonetsera mkazi wamaliseche pagulu la octopuse awiri.
- Ndizotheka kuti chifukwa cha chisinthiko, patadutsa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, ma octopus asamukira kuzinthu zowoneka bwino ngati anthu.
Moyo wa Octopus, kanema
Ndipo pamapeto pake, zolembedwa zosangalatsa za octopus ku National Geographic.
Kwa zaka zambiri, malingaliro oyendetsa sitima anali osangalala ndikukumana ndi chimphona chachikulu kwambiri - chomwe ndi kukula kwa chilumba chaching'ono, chomwe mahema amatenga zombo zosasamala kuzama kwa nyanja. ngakhale pali octopus wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi kapena zozizwitsa zenizeni za nyamayi sizimasiyana pamitundu yochititsa chidwi.
Pamwamba - mitundu 4 yayikulu ya octopus
Cephalopods ndi nyama zomwe zimadyedwa mwachisawawa, koma nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuchitidwa nkhanza ndi anthu komanso nzika zazikulu za munyanja, kuphatikiza umuna ndi anamgumi opha. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya octopus. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi nyama zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati. Zimphona zizipezeka pakati pa mitundu ya pelagic yomwe imalima kuya kwa nyanja.
4. Octopus wokhala ndi mahema ataliitali amakhala m'madzi aku Mediterranean. Idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1826. Thupi lofiira la nyamayo lakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera oyera. Amakhala ndi moyo wosaka usiku, kusaka nsomba ndi ma octopus ang'ono. Octopus sakana crustaceans ndi bivalves. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zazikazi zazimuna zazitali ma tchuthi, kenako zimangoluma. Octopus amateteza ana amtsogolo mpaka kuwonekera kwa 4mm makanda opangidwa bwino. Pambuyo pake, amayi octopus amafa chifukwa chotopa. Chovala chimakhala chofika 15 cm, koma ma tententi amakulitsa kutalika konse kwa thupi la octopus mpaka mita 1. Wachikulire wa cephalopod mollusk wolemera 400 g.
3. Octopus wamba - mtundu wofala kwambiri padziko lapansi pano. Amakhala ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean komanso Nyanja ya Atlantic. Ubongo umapangidwa bwino. Amatha kusintha mtundu kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, koma mtundu wabwinowu ndi wodera. Amadyako ma plankton, nsomba, ma mollusks, ndi crustaceans. Akazi amasamalira ubwamuna ndipo satuluka chisa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe zimafunikira kuti anawo apange dzira. Ndizosangalatsa kwa anthu ndipo amangochotsa ngati chakudya. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira 25 cm, ndipo masentimita 90. Komabe, zoyerekeza zokhala ndi malekezero mpaka 130 masentimita zimabwera, zomwe zimapereka kutalika konse kwa cholengedwa cha masentimita pafupifupi 170.
2. Octopus ya Doflein, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa Giant Octopus, imakonda madzi a kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean. Kukhazikitsa phanga pamiyala: m'mapanga apansi pamadzi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi obisika. Anthu aku Japan ndi aku Korea amawagwira ngati nyama yamalonda. Woyimira pakati amakula mpaka 2 - 3 m ndi kulemera kwa 25 - 50 kg. Zambiri pa kukhalapo kwa toyesa mpaka 9,6 m m'litali zimadziwika. Iye ndi waudindo waukulu kwambiri wa cephalopod padziko lapansi, malinga ndi 2015 Guinness Book of Record.
1. Octopus wokhala ndi zida zisanu ndi ziwiri sanalandire dzina lachilendo chifukwa limalemedwa popanda dzanja limodzi. Hectocotyl yamtunduwu imakulungidwa mu thumba pansi pa diso lamanja. Ili ndiye chihema chosinthika chachisanu ndi chitatu, chobisika, chomwe octopus amagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza mkazi. Kutalika, zolengedwa izi zimakula mpaka 3.5 m, ndipo zolemera zimafika mpaka 75 kg.
Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa octopus
Nthano zonena za kukongola kovutirapo sizinangobwera kuchokera ku chidwi cha oyendetsa sitimayo. Nthawi zina mafunde am'madzi amatsuka ndikuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo. Kodi nthumwi zina za octopus zingakhale zazikulu motani?
- Mu 1945, chifupifupi mpaka 8m kutalika makilogalamu okwana 180 chinagwidwa pagombe la United States.
- Kamodzi pa ukonde panali octopus wa Doflein wokhala ndi masapota 9 mita komanso wolemera kuposa 270 kg.
- M'mphepete mwa Tasmania, woyimira gulu la octopus wa 3.7 mita kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi anagwidwa. M'mimba mwa octopus, asodziwo adapeza tepi ya tepi ya Shaw Burke yomwe idasowa kale. Sizikudziwika ngati chovalacho chinakhala mwangozi mkati mwa nyamayo kapena ngati chinali chomata pachihema choti munthu afe. Ndipo kotero nthano za akerudwe zimabadwa.
M'zaka 20 zapitazi, ma octopus olemera 50 kg amabwera pafupipafupi. Mwina zolengedwa zanzeru zimaganiza kuti kukula kwakukulu sikungopindulitsa kopanda chisinthiko. Oimira akuluakulu amawona mosavuta ndi ma spha whales ndi ma wawa wapha, ndipo anthu amagwidwa kuti adye. Ma octopus ang'onoang'ono savuta kubisala m'mazira ena kwa adani oopsa. Zimphona zadziko lapansi za ma mollusks okwanira eyiti ndizinthu zam'mbuyomu.
Pakadali pano octopus wamkulu kwambiri komanso wolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi – imayimira kaya ndi zida zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena doflein. Komabe, mtsogolomo iwonso amaphwanyika, ndikupatsa zimphona zina zam'nyanja yakuya. Chipangizochi chinali ngati maziko a nthano zachikhulupiriro zodziwika bwino - chilombo chomwe chimakokera zombo zonse mkati mozama panyanja. Jules Verne adapereka gawo lonse kwa iye mu osafa a Makumi Makumi Asanu Awiri Okhala Pansi pa Nyanja. Ngakhale octopuse akuluakulu ataleka kugwera m'masamba a asodzi ndi ma lens amamera osiyanasiyana, nthano ya iwo sidzatha kukhala m'malingaliro a olota.
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amati chilombo chachikulu kwambiri choopsa kwambiri. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi nyama yanzeru, yothandiza, yodabwitsa komanso yopanda vuto lililonse.
Kufalitsa
Kutha msinkhu: pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, zazikazi zazikulu ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna.
Chiwerengero cha mazira: mpaka 100,000.
Nthawi yomwe makulitsidwe: Masiku 160.
LIFESTYLE
Zochita: zolakalaka.
Chakudya: ma bulo, crustaceans, nthawi zina nsomba.
Kutalika kwa moyo: mpaka zaka 6.
NKHANI
Nyani wamkulu wa octopus ndi wachibale wa nkhono za m'mundamo, chifukwa nyama zonse ziwiri ndi za gulu loyang'anira. Achibale ake apamtima ndi ena octopus ndi squid.
& nbsp & nbsp Ma Octopus ndi zolengedwa zachilendo kwambiri. Ma mollusks oyenda bwino komanso anzeru kwambiri, okhala ndi ziwalo zam'maganizo zopangidwa mwaluso, adakwanitsa kusintha momwe zilili munyanja. Ngakhale amadziwika kuti ndi protozoa, akatswiri azamoyo amawawona ngati invertebrates enieni.
MUKUDZIWA KUTI.
- Octopus wamkulu amatchedwanso octopus wa Doflein. Kulemera kwa octopus osweka wa mtunduwu kunafika pa 270 kg, ndipo mkono wake unali pafupifupi 9.6 m.
- Octopus wamkulu ndi munthu wamba wokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kawirikawiri sizimilira pansi kwambiri kuposa mamita 100 mpaka 300. Octopus iyi imakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo. Masana nthawi zambiri amabisala mumisasa yamtundu uliwonse.
- Mitima itatu osati yolimba yopopa magazi mthupi lonse la octopus, chifukwa chake mollusk wa cephalopod umatopa msanga ndipo sukulimbana ndi kulimbana kwakutali.
ZINSINSI ZOCHULUKA KWA GUZANI OCTOPUS
& nbsp & nbsp Suckers: octopus amawagwiritsa ntchito kuthyola nyama pogwiritsa ntchito miyala. Zolemba zokomera pamakapu oyamwa zimapereka chidziwitso cha zinthu zomwe octopus imagwira.& nbsp & nbsp Ntchito kapena siphon: Madzi amalowa mkati mwake, pomwe ma octopus amatulutsa mpweya wabwino kuti upume. Kenako madzi amatulutsidwira kunja kwa chovala champhamvu mokakamira, chifukwa momwe mollusk imasunthira mwachangu.
& nbsp & nbsp Mlomo: Ndi mlomo wolimba kwambiri, ma octopus amaluma zipolopolo za crustaceans.
& nbsp & nbsp Manja: octopus imakhala ndi mikono isanu ndi itatu yokhala ndi minofu yamphamvu - yomwe imagwira chakudya.
MALO OGWIRA NTCHITO
Phiri lalikulu kwambiri limakhala kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, kuchokera ku Alaska ndi Nyanja ya Japan kupita ku California kumwera.
KUPulumutsa
Kuwonongeka kwa m'madzi sikowopsa kwa octopus. Mosiyana ndi abale ake, omwe akusakidwa, safunikira kuchita mantha ndi munthu.
Mauthenga okhudza zilombo zam'nyanja amatha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza nkhani za njoka zazikulu zam'nyanja. Koma mauthenga osangalatsa kwambiri amachokera ku paradiso yatsopano The Bahamas ku Caribbean. China chake chachikulu komanso choopsa chimakhala m'madzi am'deralo.
Blue Hole ya Dean (kuti isasokonezedwe ndi Big Blue Hole) - dzenje lakuya kwambiri lomwe ladziwika padziko lapansi (dzina loti buluu ndilo dzina lodziwika bwino la ma karst craters odzazidwa ndi madzi komanso pansi pa nyanja).
Hole Dina ali pagombe lakumadzulo kwa tawuni ya Clarence Town (Bahamas) pachilumba cha Long Island. Kuzama kwake ndi 202 m. Hole Dina ndi malo otchuka kwambiri osambira komanso osambira pansi pamadzi, ngakhale kuti chomaliza chimawoneka ngati choopsa.
Pakadutsa mosiyanasiyana, mafunde achinyengo, chisokonezo, malo ochepa, komanso chodabwitsa, chomwe chimatchedwa "Blue Hole Beast", chimatha kubisala.
Anthu okhala komweko akhala akunena nkhani za chimphona chotchedwa Luska (Lusca). Luska imafotokozedwa kuti imakhala ndi mano ambiri akuthwa komanso yayitali, yamphamvu yokhala ngati ma octopus. Makulidwe a Luska ndi akulu ndipo amafikira 60 metres.
Amati imatha kusintha mtundu ngati ma octopus ndipo imawoneka ngati wosakanizidwa ndi squid, eel ndi chinjoka. Mwambiri, malongosoledwe a Luska atha kusiyanasiyana, koma tsatanetsatane wakepo padzakhala osasinthika - mahema, komanso kususuka komanso kukwiya.
Omwe akuti a Luska amakhala m'maenje angapo abuluu, kuphatikiza Dina's Blue Hole, ndipo amasaka usiku ndipo amatha kukwawa ndi madzi ndikuwukira anthu mumzinda. Masana amagona m'mapanga a pansi pa madzi.
Asodzi anena nthano za zomwe adawona ngati chinthu chokoka maboti ndi anthu pafupi ndi mabowo amtambo pansi pamadzi. Imfa ya anthu osiyanasiyana omwe amwalira atanyamula kapena ngakhale kusowa pansi pamadzi nthawi zambiri imapachikidwa pa Luska. Ndipo kangapo ngati matupi a anthu osiyanasiyana amapezeka ndi zikho zodzikongoletsa pamthupi, ngati kuti zimachokera kumahema a octopus wamkulu.
Ngakhale zitha kuwoneka ngati nkhani zopanda pake pazosangalatsa za alendo, pali zochitika zina zomwe zimatitsimikizira kuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zidapangidwa ndi asodzi. Mu 2005, m'modzi mwa ochita masewerawa adanena kuti atamizidwa mu buluu lamtambo, adakumana ndi octopus wamkulu, yemwe kutalika kwake kunali pafupifupi mita 15. Otsitsira adatha kuthawa, koma olembetsa adagwira kamera yake ndi ma tententi ndikukokera naye kuphanga lake.
Wodutsa wina akuti wawona shaki yamnyamata itagwidwa m'madzi ndi chihema chachikulu-chokomera chihema ndikukukokera kuphanga lamadzi.
Palinso nkhani yochokera ku bwato la asodzi omwe adawona chinthu champhamvu chikuyesera kukoka buoy ndikuwakoka pansi pamadzi. Imodzi mwa malowa inali yolumikizidwa mwachindunji m'bwatomo ndipo china chake chinagwira ndikukoka nacho kwakanthawi.
Sonar yemwe ali m'bwatomo nthawi yomweyo adawonetsa chinthu chachikulu "piramidi" pansi pamadzi, ndipo pambuyo poti maukonde ndi misampha yomangiriridwa idakwezedwa ndi kupindika, ngati kuti inali pachakudya chachikulu cha nyama.
Kanema wawayilesi "Choonadi Chosawerengeka", pofotokoza zochitika zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa, adawombera nkhani yokhudza cholengedwachi ndipo atangomaliza kujambula mwana wawo adawonetsa pamaso pa nyama yayikulu ikukwawa pakhoma la phanga pansi pamadzi.
Kanema wina wodziwika pa TV, a River Monsters, adakambanso nkhani ya Lusk m'malo awa, ndipo ngakhale wowonetsa Jeremy Wade sanapeze chilichonse chachilendo, adanenanso kuti chilombo chitha kukhala octopus wamkulu kwambiri.
"Octopus wamkulu akhoza kugwira bwino munthu ngakhale kudya munthu. Kafukufuku wanga wazowonetsa kuti ndiwodabwitsa komanso wotsatsa ndipo ndizotheka ndi machitidwe ake," atero Jeremy Wade.
Kodi Luska ikhoza kukhala kutseguka kwa octopus wamkulu kwambiri? Mwina. Mu 2011, nyama yachilendo inasambitsidwa kumtunda ku Bahamas, komwe kumangokhala ngati mutu ndi pakamwa pokha. Ngati tingavomereze kuti awa anali mabwalo a octopus popanda ma tentpentern, ndiye kuti onse amakhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 6-9 metres.
Mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa octopus ndi chimphona chachikulu cha octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini). Akuluakulu mpaka 150cm kukula kwake ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 30 kg. Mapulogalamu ofikira mpaka 50 makilogalamu ndi kulemera mpaka 3 m adalembetsedwa. Palinso malipoti osatsimikizika akuwunika kwa ma octopus a 4.3 mita.
Mwina ena a iwo amakula makamaka zazikulu? Vutoli ndikuti ma octopus akuluakulu amakhala ku Pacific Ocean, osati pafupi ndi Bahamas (Atlantic Ocean). Komabe, zikuwonetsa kuti ma octopus akuluakulu akhoza kukhala zenizeni, osati nthano chabe.
Giant octopuses ndi nyama zenizeni komanso zophunziridwa bwino. Gulu lawo lasayansi ndi motere: mtundu womwe amakhala nawo wotchedwa Mollusks, kalasi - Cephalopods, gulu - Octopuses. Banja lomwe akhalako ndi Octopodidae, mtundu ndi Enteroctopus, ndipo nyamayo ndi chimphona chachikulu.
Khalidwe lotopetsa. Titha kuonjezerapo kuti asayansi omwe amaphunzira kuti ndi athanzi kapena otsetsereka amatchedwa malacologists.
Habitat
Gius octopus amakonda madzi ozizira, omasuka kwa iwo amawotcha kuchokera ku madigiri 5 mpaka 12 Celsius. Ndizachilengedwe kuganiza kuti mitundu yamtundu wa cephalopods simapezeka mu nyanja zotentha. Malo awo achilengedwe ndi madzi akumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Pacific. Imayambira ku Korea Peninsula ndi Japan kupita ku Primorye ndi kumwera kwa Sakhalin. Kuphatikiza apo, amapezeka pafupi ndi zilumba za Kuril ndi Kamchatka, Commander and Aleutian Islands. Pa gombe la America, amatha kupezeka ku California.
Mbali yayikulu yosiyanitsa
Nthawi zambiri, ma octopus akuluakulu olemera 1 mpaka 10 kilogalamu ndi akuluakulu mpaka 30 makilogalamu amapezeka. Octopus yotere imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 150. Zocheperako, koma zolembedwa, zoyerekeza mpaka 50 makilogalamu ndi kukula mpaka 3 metres. Pali zambiri pazolengedwa za mita naini.
Kodi ma octopuse akuluakulu amakonzedwa bwanji? Chowoneka ndichophatikizika ndi cholumikizira (ndichilengedwe chonsechi), chomwe mumtunduwu chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a W. Chiwalochi chimalimbikitsa kusinthana kwa madzi m'matumbo, komanso zida za octopus.Kodi zikuyenda bwanji? Cephalopod imatunga madzi mu chovala ndipo imakanikizira minofu yake, chifukwa choti madziwo kudzera mumataulo omwe amapezeka m'matayala amaponyedwa mwamphamvu kudzera mwa gawo la funnel, lomwe ndi chubu chomwe mathero ake amatulutsidwa. Chifukwa cha "injini ya ndege" iyi ma octopus amayenda, ndikubwerera kutsogolo. Tithokoze iye, panthawi yakuwopa, octopus amataya inki, mtundu wamtambo, kuchokera mu thumba la inki lomwe limapezeka anthu awa.
Khalidwe lina
Giant octopus ali ndi gawo lina losiyanitsa - mapanga a ocular. Awa ndi matuluka atatu, omwe amodzi omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ngati khutu. Pakamwa pa octopus pali pakatikati pa mphete yopangidwa ndi malekezero akumanja; pali mulomo mkamwa wofanana ndi mulomo wotsekemera wa parrot chifukwa nsagwada yakumbuyo imapitirira kumtunda. Mwa mulomo, mutha kudziwa zaka za munthu amene akukonzekera. Mu ma octopus akale mumakhala mtundu wa bulauni, pomwe ma octopus achinyamata amawoneka bwino. Ndi chida cholimba ichi, cephalopod imalowa mosavuta pazigamba za nkhanu ndi zipolopolo za mollusk. Ma Octopus ali ndi mitima itatu ndi magazi amtambo. Mtima umodzi wamadzi am'madzi "aristocrat" umayendetsa magazi kudzera mthupi, awiriwo amawakankhira m'magawo, chifukwa cha momwe ma bowo amapumira. Koma amatha kuchita nthawi yabwino popanda madzi.
Ma octopus akuluakulu (chithunzicho ali ndi chithunzi) amawoneka motere: ali ndi thupi laling'ono lofewa poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa ma tententi (pali asanu ndi atatu okha a iwo, motero dzina lanyumba), "mikono" yolumikizidwa ndi timafupifupi tatifupi, tating'ono kwambiri titha kutalikirana mpaka utoto wowonekera. Izi zimathandizira kuti manja azigwira ntchito kwambiri. Pa chihema chilichonse pali ma sucky omwe amapangidwa mizere iwiri mumiyala 250 mpaka 300 aliyense. Kapu imodzi yovomerezeka imatha kulemera magalamu 100.
Zambiri zamuzimu
Mitundu ina ya octopus yayikulu siivulaza. Ndipo sizokhudzana ndi zithunzi zowopsa za malacologist (wasayansi yemwe akuphunzira ma zollusk komanso wofatsa) Denis de Montfort. Pa gombe lakumadzulo kwa Pacific, ma octopus okhala ndi ma buluu okhala ndi poizoni wosaneneka amapezeka.
Mutha kuwonjezera pa kufotokozera kuti mu lilime la cephalopods pali radula, kapena grater ya nyanga, yomwe ili ndi mizere isanu ndi iwiri ya mano opingasa, yayikulu yomwe ili pakati. Koma uku sikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Tiyenera kudziwa malingaliro achilendo a nyama izi, zomwe ndizofanana ndi malingaliro amphaka ndi agalu. Octopus amakhalanso ndi khungu, ma cell omwe ali ndi mitundu yayikulu-mitundu, chifukwa cha iwo, pakasekondi imodzi imodzi, nyama imatha kusintha mtundu wake.
Kukula kwenikweni
Octopus yaying'ono kwambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kosaposa masentimita 4. Octopus anali woyezedwa komanso wolemba buku la Guinness kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri pamtunduwu. Pali nthano kuti fanizoli lidagwidwa kamodzi lolemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 272 ndi ma tententi, kutalika kwake mpaka 9.5 metres. Nthano zam'madzi izi zimadutsidwa kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku mbadwo, koma palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa sayansi wotsimikizira nkhani izi.
Tsiku lililonse la octopus Doflein
Zowonadi zake, pali chimphona chachikulu cha octopus chomwe dzina lake lachi Latin likuwoneka ngati ili - Octopus Dofleini (octopus wa Doflein). Mtundu uwu ndiwophunziridwa kwambiri. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa Japan ndi Primorye, kuchokera ku America - kuchokera ku Bristol Bay kumpoto kupita ku California kumwera. Ma octopuswa ndi achilendo. Masana sasiya mphanga, yomwe imakonda kukhala pamalo osaya. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi dothi lamiyala, lomwe silotsika ndi 300 metres, ndi mitundu yonse yamabisalamo. Ma octopus akale amakhala kunyumba, pomwe octopus achichepere amapanga kusamuka kwakanthawi (kasupe ndi kugwa) kusuntha. Amatha kuyenda ndi kumahema pansi, kapena kusambira, kusuntha kwa 4 km pa tsiku.
Kukula kwa mtundu
Octopus Dofleini amakula pang'onopang'ono mwa zaka 3-4. Komabe, ana amatha kuperekedwa pofika zaka 5 zokha. Pakadali pano, chihema choyenera cha amuna atatu chimasinthidwa ndikusintha kukhala hectocotyl. Nthawi yomweyo, ma spermatophores 8-10 amawonekera m'thumba la amuna, iliyonse imafika mita. Pakukonzekera komwe kumachitika pakuya mamita 20 mpaka 100, yamphongo imakumana ndi mkaziyo, ndikusintha ma spermatophores awiri amkati mwake atavala hectocotyl. Ndipo pakadali pano, ndikwabwino kuti anthu ena osinthika ndi achilengedwe azikhala kutali.
Zingwe za mucous, momwe mumakhala mazira a octopus ofanana ndi mpunga, zimayimitsidwa ndi mkazi kuchokera padenga la khola. Pakatha masiku 160 kapena kupitirira apo, mphutsi zimawonekera. Yaikazi imateteza ana (nthawi zina mazira mpaka 50,000 amayikidwa) mpaka iye atamwalira, chifukwa pambuyo poti abambo onse wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amakhala atamwalira. Choyamba, mphutsi (kukula kwa 4 mm) zimamera pansi ndikukhala komweko kwa miyezi 1-2, pambuyo pake ma octopus ochepa (50 mm) amira pansi ndipo, ndikukhala bentophanes (nyama zomwe zimadya pansi pazamoyo), zimalemera msanga. Inde, ma octopus achichepere ali ndi adani ambiri - ma sea otter, mikango yam'nyanja, zisindikizo ndi nyama zina zam'madzi. Koma mdani wamkulu, kumene, ndi munthu. Chifukwa chaichi, kuchuluka kwa ma octopus akuluakulu kumatsika kwambiri.
Wodukiza
Ma octopus akuluakulu, omwe amadziwika ndi onse kuchokera m'nkhani za oyendetsa sitima aku Iceland, ndiopeka kuposa zolengedwa zenizeni. Anthu okhala mu "mdziko loti ayezi", omwe adawapatsa dzinali, adapereka nthano ndi mawu mkamwa.
Pali "nkhani zowona" zochuluka zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe oyendetsa sitima ndi asodzi amaganiza molakwika kuzilumba chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kuti Eric Pontopidan (1698-1774), yemwe anali bishopu wa Bergen komanso katswiri wazachilengedwe, adalemba mwachidule za nyanja yapaderayi. zopeka. Koma chifukwa chokonda katswiri wazosamalira nyama wazaka zabwino kwambiri a Pierre-Denis de Montfort omwe atchulidwa kale pamwambapa, mu kafukufuku yemwe adafalitsidwa mu 1802, adalongosola za chilombo chopanda tanthauzo ndipo adachipatula, natcha dzina la Kraken octopus. Asayansi sanadandaule, ndipo kafukufuku amene adasindikizidwanso sanatchulidwe za kutakataka.
Osati konse ziphuphu
Giant cannibal octopuses alinso zolengedwa zopeka. Pali kanema komwe kanthawi kameneka kamatsutsana ndi wonyoza waku Scuba akujambula izi pamera. Ndikudabwa kuti wogulitsayo adanyoza bwanji woponderezedwayo zisanachitike? Ndipo ngati octopus adatseka ma tententi mozungulira kamera, izi sizitanthauza kuti ndiwofalitsa. Mwinanso, pamenepa azidya. Inde, ndipo ma bollusk omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, omwe poizoni wake ndi woopsa mosaneneka, akaukira munthu, ndiye pongoyankha, osatinso kudya.
Ma octopus onse amakhala osamala komanso amanyazi, ndipo makulidwe a "omwe akupha" amaperekedwa pamwambapa. Palibe milandu yotsimikizira kupsa mtima kosaphatikizidwa ndi cephalopods. Mu nthano za oyendetsa dziko lapansi, ma octopuse akuluakulu adatsalira. Kuukira anthu, ngati satamatira phula ndi ndodo, nawonso matalala kuchokera pamenepo. Octopus amakonda malo okhalamo - ma grotto ndi mapanga, zogwirizira zombo zosadziwitsidwa. Ngakhale kuchokera kubuluu, cephalopod amakumbidwa mkati. Amatha kuukira podziteteza. Chifukwa chake, m'malo amenewo momwe ma octopuse amapezeka, wina ayenera kusamala poyandikira mtundu wina.
Zodabwitsa zachilengedwe
Nthawi zina nyanja inkaponyera mitembo yamphamvu zam'madzi kuchokera pansi pake kupita pagombe. Chilombo chodziwika kwambiri chimapezeka pagombe la Novembara 30, 1896 kum'mawa kwa dera la Florida. Icho chinali cholengedwa chachikulu kwambiri chokhala ndi miyendo mpaka mita 11. Chilombachi chinajambulidwa ndipo zina mwa magawo ake zidaletsedwa, zomwe zidalolera kuchita kafukufuku mu 1957, ndi 1971, ndi 1995. Zambiri sizingatheke. Koma asayansi ambiri adagwirizana kuti chiwanda choponyedwa munyanja ku Florida Peninsula mwina chimphona chachikulu kwambiri. Komabe, zanenedwapo zambiri m'mabuku onena za zomwe zimachitika “zenizeni” ndi zoopsa zam'nyanja. Pa intaneti ya okonda zandani pali masamba ena apadera.
Dziko lodabwitsa lanyanja limabisa zinsinsi zambiri, chimodzi mwazomwe chimakhala chimphona. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, nkhani za oyendetsa sitima odziwa bwino za kukula kwakukulu kwa Kraken zidakondweretsa chidwi. Koma ngati krvet akadali nthano yachabe, ndiye nkhaniyi ikunena za cephalopods enieni, omwe kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wa anthu ubweke lero!
Kumanani ndi octopus wamkulu kwambiri malinga ndi Guinness Book of Record, inali cephalopod, yotchedwa Doflein wa ku Germany yosamalira zachilengedwe, kutalika kwake kunali 9.6 m ndipo kulemera kwake kwa thupi kunali 272 kg. Ndizovuta kuti ndikhulupirire, koma chilombo chotere chimakula kuchokera pa mphutsi zokha kukula kwa 3-4 mm. Ma octopus a Doflane amatchedwanso ziwanda zam'nyanja chifukwa cha kakulidwe kake kamangidwe ka nyanga zomwe zili pamwamba pa maso. Malingana ndi kukula komweko, amatchedwa a lared.
Giant herring king
Pa chithunzi chapamwamba mutha kuwona mfumu yotsogolera ngati "ubwana", pansi pa asitikali aku America akugwira mfumu yamamita 7 yoponyedwa pagombe la San Diego
Mafumu obisalawo amakula kuchokera ku nsomba zazing'ono kupita ku nsomba zazitali, zomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mita 11 kutalika.
Giant arctic cyan
Amadziwikanso kuti jellyfish mkango wa mkango, ndiye wamkulu kwambiri pa mitundu yonse ya jellyfish. Munthu wamkulu kwambiri adapezedwa kumtunda ku Massachusetts Bay mu 1870. M'litali mwake thupi lake linafika pa 2.3 m, ndipo kutalika kwa matenthedwe kunali mikono 37. M'chithunzichi mutha kuwona jellyfish yowonetsedwa kwathunthu ku Smithsonian Museum of Natural History ku Washington
Kangaude waku Japan
Korona wa kangaude waku Japan uli ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri pakati pa arthropods. Kutalika kwa miyendo yake kumatha kufika 3.8 metres kuchokera pansi mpaka kumapazi. Kukula kwa thupi la kangaude kumatha kufika 40 cm, ndipo kulemera kwakenthu thupi lonse kumatha kufika 19 kg.
White White Shark
Chinsomba chimadziwika ndi anthu onse chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso kuuma kwawo. Kukula kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumatha kutalika 6.4 m, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufika matani 3.324. Kutalika kwa moyo wa asodzi oyera akuyembekezeredwa zaka 70. Chowonadi china ndichakuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimatha kuthamanga mpaka kufika pa 56 km / h.
Giant tridacna
Mvuu zapansi apa ndizo zikuluzikulu zazikulu padziko lapansi. Amatha kutalika mpaka 1.2 m kutalika, kulemera zoposa 227 kg. Akalumikizidwa ndi miyala, matupi a zimphona'zi amakhalapobe kwamuyaya. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi ma tridacs akuluakulu imadziwika zaka 100
Zojambula za Clam
Pakupuma, ma cephalopodswa amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi, ngakhale kuti ma octopus amatha popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Amasiyanitsidwanso ndi zolengedwa zina:
- Kukhalapo kwa mitima itatu. Chimodzi mwazo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupompa magazi kudzera mthupi, ndipo enawo amafunika kuti atulutsire magaziwo.
- Magazi abuluu.
- Ngati tizingolankhula za kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha octopus, ndiye kuti asayansi amawayerekezera ndi agalu.
- Pamaso pa khungu la octopus mumakhala maselo momwe mumakhala utoto womwe ungasinthe kwathunthu utoto wamtundu wachiwiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti minofu yapadera imatha kukoka maselo amenewa, chifukwa chake momwe ma pigment omwe amakhala momwemo amawalitsira mphezi mwachangu ponseponse pakhale khungu.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito "injini ya ndege" kuti isunthe.
- Ma Octopus alibe chigoba kapena mafupa, ndipo thupi limasinthasintha ndipo limatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake. Chiwalo chokhazikika mthupi lake ndi kamwa yake, yomwe imawoneka ngati mulomo wa parrot ndipo ili ndi keratin. Chifukwa cha izi, mollusk, omwe kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 18, imatha kulowa pansi, m'mimba mwake ndi 3-4 cm.
Pali zoyerekeza za poizoni - ma octopus okhala ndi buluu omwe amakhala ku Pacific Ocean. Amatchedwanso zolengedwa zoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, popeza poizoni wake ndi woopsa kwambiri.
Amadziwika kuti octopus yaying'ono kwambiri ali ndi thupi lalitali masentimita 4. Koma za ndani mwa iwo asayansi akulu kwambiri omwe akhala akukangana kwa zaka zambiri. Pali umboni kuti nsomba zikagwira nsomba ya octopus, yomwe kutalika kwake kunali mikono 9.6. Ndipo anali wolemera 272 kg.
Kuphatikiza sikungokhala kapangidwe kanyumba kameneka. Amayendanso mwanjira yachilendo. Kuti muchite izi, ali ndi rostrum pansi pamutu wake - chubu chapadera, chomwe mfundo yake ingafanane ndi injini ya ndege. Pofuna kusambira, amakoka gawo lina lamadzi mu chovala chake, chomwe chimataya kunja panthawi yamisempha ya chovala.
Octopus amasunthira "kumbuyo." Nthawi yomweyo, miyendo yake ili kuseri kwa torso. Makatani awiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amatenga mbali ya mapiko, mothandizidwa ndi iye omwe angasinthe momwe akuyenda. Ena onse amapatsidwa ntchito ya fuselage.
Octopus ikachita mantha, imatulutsa gawo la inki kudzera mu rostrum, yomwe imakhala mtundu wamtundu wa utsi womwe ungateteze ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
Woimira wamkulu kwambiri wa octopus
Ngati tizingolankhula za omwe ali ndi zigwirizanozi, chachikulu kwambiri ndi octopus ya Doflein. Mutu wake umakhala ndi kukula pafupifupi 60 cm komanso kutalika kwa hema wa mamita 3. Kulemera kwa octopus wamkulu wa Doflein kunali pafupifupi 60 kg.
Amakhala kumadzi aku kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Pacific, chifukwa Doflane amatha kukhala momasuka pakatentha kochepa chabe. Malo abwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi kutentha kosaposa madigiri 12. Nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana omwe amathira pansi ndi ma scuba gear, chifukwa ma octopus amatha kusambira kuzama kapena pansi pamadzi. Octopus nthawi zambiri amasambira monga gulu, ndipo onse amawagwirira ntchito limodzi.
Omwe akupikisana nawo pafupi
Mwa mitundu iyi ya cephalopod, palibe zochititsa chidwi zochepa zomwe zimapezeka. Akulu kwambiri mwa iwo ndi:
- Octopus wamba. Izi zimatha kupezeka munyanja zam'malo otentha komanso zam'mapiri. Amakhala m'madzi osaya. Kutalika kwa thupi la octopus koteroko ndi 25 cm, ndipo kulemera nthawi zambiri kumapitilira 10 kg. Amakhala okhaokha, kubisala kwa adani pamwala kapena m'miyala. Kupita kokasaka, octopus wamba imakhala yosungika bwino. Mollusks otere amakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
- Apction Apction. Chizindikiro cha mapiri ake ndi kulemera kwake kotalika ndi kutalika kwakutali kwa thupi. Kunja, amawoneka ngati kangaude wamkulu wokhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Pali Apollo kumphepete mwa Alaska, Canada kapena California, kumene madzi ozizira amapanga malo abwino okhala.
Asayansi akuwona kuti m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kukula kwawo kwatsika kwambiri. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa madzi am'nyanja kapena kugwidwa kwawo, zomwe zimachitika pamakampani ambiri. Ngakhale ndizotheka kuti zimphona izi zidasamukira kumalo akuya komwe munthu sanatsike, zomwe zimatha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madzi mu nyanja ndi nyanja.
Pacific cephalopod ndi. Inalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Record, chifukwa kukula kwake ndikokulirapo kuposa momwe amakanema ena. Chilombo chachikuluchi chimakhala ndi mahema ataliatali pafupifupi 3.5 m ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 58 kg.
Octopus wina wamkulu anapezeka m'madzi a New Zealand. Analemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 75, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi lake kunali mikono 4. Chimphona ichi chidagwidwa ndi asodzi akugwiritsa ntchito ukonde. Tsoka ilo, anali atamwalira. Anthu akumanapo ndi ma ectopus akuluakulu otere m'mbuyomu, koma nthawi zambiri samasambira m'madzi ofunda a Pacific. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumpoto kwa nyanja mozama kwambiri.
Live octopuse zazikulu,, ndizosatheka kuti tiwone. Amakhala m'malo ozama, pakati pa miyala, miyala ndi algae. Kukhazikika kwa nyumba ya octopus ndi dzenje lolimba ndi khomo lopapatiza. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amakumana ndi octopus wamba. Amatchedwanso "octopus." Nyama zoterezi ndizofala padziko lonse lapansi. Zimapezeka munyanja zam'malo otentha komanso ozizira, mozama komanso m'madzi osaya. Octopuse sakhala m'madzi atsopano.
Zinthu za octopus zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi
Ichi ndiye chochitika chodabwitsa kwambiri cha ma cephalopod ena.Ili ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka - thupi lofewa komanso lalifupi, lalitali komanso lamtundu wokhala ndi makapu oyamwa. Udindo wa miyendo umachitika ndi mahema 8 omwe amalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba. Chikho chilichonse cha mayeso a octopus chimatha kuchirikiza pafupifupi magalamu 100 a kulemera. Cephalopod yayikulu imapuma pogwiritsa ntchito ma gill. Komabe, octopus amatha kuyimirira kwa nthawi yayitali popanda madzi.
Chodabwitsa cha wokhala m'madziyu ndi kukhalapo kwa mitima itatu. Chifukwa cha imodzi mwazomwezi, magazi abuluu a okosijeni amayenda mthupi. Mitima iwiri yotsalayi imamupangitsa kuti adutse m'magayo.
Kodi ma octopus ndiowopsa kwa anthu?
Ngoziyo ndi anthu oopsa. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma octopus okhala ndi buluu, omwe amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean. Amakhala pakati pa zolengedwa zoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Ma poizoni awo ndi oopsa.
Octopus wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - chinyama chanzeru
Asayansi amati ma octopus ndi anzeru mwachilendo. Amatha kufananizidwa ndi amphaka ndi agalu. Amatha kusintha mthunzi wawo sekondi imodzi. Izi ndichifukwa cha maselo apadera momwe mtundu wachikuda ulipo. Ngati akufuna, cephalopod imatha kusintha mtundu wake kukhala yoyera mpaka kukhala kapezi.
Octopus aliyense amakumbukira bwino ndipo ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa. Amatha kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe a geometric ndipo amatha kuzindikira anthu. Ngati mumakhala nthawi yambiri ndi octopus, ndiye kuti imakhala yodetsedwa.
Malire a octopus ndi malo osangalatsa kwambiri
Asayansi nthawi zonse amakangana za kukula kwa octopus wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Palibe yankho lenileni, popeza pali umboni kuti m'mbuyomu anthu adakumana ndi anthu akulu kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi chinali ndi kachulukidwe kamatenti pafupifupi 9.6 m, ndipo kulemera kwake chinali 2722. Koma izi sizikhala ndi chitsimikizo chovomerezeka.
Kukula Kwakukulu - Octopus wa Doflein
Amamutcha chimphona, chifukwa kukula kwake ndikodabwitsa! Kuchuluka kwa mutu ndi 60 cm, ndipo kukula kwa mahema kumaposa mamita 3. Kulemera kwake ndi 60 kg. Miyeso yake imatsimikiziridwa ndikutsimikiziridwa. Nyama yam'madziyi imakhala ku North Pacific Ocean chifukwa imakonda madzi ozizira. Kutentha kwabwino kwa octopus amenewa kumachokera ku +5 mpaka +12 degrees. Doflein nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi ma scuba osiyanasiyana, chifukwa amasambira osati pafupi pansi, komanso pafupi ndi pamwamba. Malo omwe mumakonda ma octopus ndi ma bande mumchenga ndi miyala yamiyala. M'malo otseguka, amakumba mabowo pogwiritsa ntchito mahema.
Zizolowezi zosangalatsa za ma octopuse akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi
Octopus ya Doflein ndiye cephalopod wophunziridwa kwambiri. Ndizodziwika bwino kumadzi aku Far East, kunyanja kwa Japan ndi America. Kutalika kwa nyama zotere ndi 3-5 m, ndipo unyinji ukuyandikira 25 kg. Achinyamata amadziwika ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi - m'dzinja ndi masika, amasamukira kumadera a nyanja ndipo patapita kanthawi abwerera. Amayenda, onse akusambira komanso wapansi - ma octopus amayenda pansi pa nyanja m manja awo. Kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe awo ndi 4 km patsiku.
Ma octopuse akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi amadya nsapato, nkhanu, nsomba ndi octopus ang'ono. Octopuse amasunga mabowo awo mwadongosolo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, iwo amasamba pogona ndi mitsuko yamadzi. Nyama zamanzere zimaponyera kunja.
Akuluakulu amavulala kambiri komwe amalandila pankhondo yolimba ndi abale awo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amadziwika ndi malingaliro otukuka "kunyumba." Amalimbana nthawi zonse, kuyesera kuteteza gawo lawo. Ma octopus akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amapambana.
Zizolowezi za nyama izi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amasambira cham'mbuyo - mahema akakhala kutsogolo kwa thupi. Akachita mantha, amatulutsa inki kudzera m'matumbo, omwe amachepetsa kununkhira kwa mdani ndipo ndi njira yobisira.
Octopus wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - Octopus ya Doflein, imayambitsa chidwi chachikulu pakati osiyanasiyana, kukhala amodzi mwa nyanja zam'madzi. Octopus amitundu yambiri amapita chakudya. Amakondedwa kwambiri m'maiko Akumawa. Anthu aku Japan ali ndi zakudya zingapo zomwe amagwiritsirabe ntchito anthu ena. Mahema awo amadziduladula ndikumadyedwa pomwe minofu yake imapwetekabe.