Lokongolali mbalame skimmer ndithudi kuchokera mkamwa ya zachilengedwe odziwika bwino, Durrell. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kusiyanasiyana ndikosangalatsa?
Darrell anali wodziwa kwambiri za mawonekedwe a mbalame, koma pamsonkhano woyamba ndi wodula madzi adachita chidwi ndi mawonekedwe akunja a mbalameyo. Banja la mbalame izi amatikumbutsa terns, koma kumasiyana wosangalatsa mulomo mawonekedwe zachilendo. Zowonjezerazo ndi zakuda ndi zoyera, miyendo ndiyifupi, koma mulomo umafananizira kakulidwe kakang'ono. Ana amaso si ozungulira, koma yopapatiza. Mchira ndi forked mawonekedwe, ndi pa mapazi ili nadreznye nembanemba kusambira.
Pakudziwana ndi mbalame koyamba, mawonekedwe a mulomo ndi wodabwitsa, ndi wautali, wamtali, wopindika kuchokera kumbali, zikuwoneka kuti umakoka thupi lonse.
Koma nkhaniyo siyakukula kokha, mkati mwa kutalika kwa mulomo milomo yamkamwa imatha, m'mphepete mwake mumalumikizana ndi m'mbali. Mandible kwambiri anakankhira patsogolo, zikuoneka kuti mbalame mulomo kudula lachitatu wabwino. Pulogalamu ikatsegula, pharynx imayamba mpaka madigiri 45. Mlomowo umayamba pang'onopang'ono, koma kenako umakula mpaka kukula. Igunda kupenta wake wosangalatsa, mulomo galu, utoto wofiira, wakuda ndi wachikasu. Kodi nchifukwa ninji chilengedwe chinadalitsa mbalame yosauka ndi chinyama chodabwitsa chotere?
Tiyeni tiyese kuyang'ana mbalameyo ikusodza. Cutwater kuuluka pamwamba madzi ndi mlomo anafotokoza kwenikweni kunyenga madzi pansi lalikulu mandible. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalameyi idula madziwo, ndichinthu ichi chomwe chidapatsa dzinalo - wodula madzi. Ngati gawo lotsika la mlomo limapunthwa pa nsomba, ndiye kuti mutu wake utakhazikika, mbalameyo imakakamira nyama yake ndi kumeza mwachangu. Apa ndi mphatso anapereka chikhalidwe cha mbalame. Tsopano ndizachidziwikire kuti simuyenera kumawedza ndi mlomo wocheperako, koma ndi chipangizo chotere, wodulitsayo sangakhale bwino ndi njala.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti mbalame zomwe zimachita bwino zimagwira nsomba usiku ndi m'matope am'madzi, kudziwa kukhudza kumathandizira kuyendayenda. Pa zilumba mchenga ndi mangongo anapanga m'mitsinje ikuluikulu m'madera otentha cutwater kupanga madera lalikulu limene zikwi nthunzi moyo nthenga anglers.
Samamanga chisa; amayikira mazira awo m dzenje laling'ono pamchenga. Nthawi zambiri 1-5 kirimu ndimtundu wakuda. Yoyambitsidwa ndi makolo onse nawonso kusintha pafupi masabata atatu. Anapiye omwe amawoneka ndi okutidwa ndi pansi, omwe mtundu wake umafanana ndi mtundu wa chilengedwe komanso chiphaso chabwino kwambiri chamtsogolo. Utoto wa mchenga wokhala ndi mitsitsi pafupifupi umaphatikizika ndi utoto wa dothi ndikupangitsa kuti anapiyewo asaonekere. Aswa mazira, iwo kusiya chisa ndi kusambira bwino. Mbalame zimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka 1-3. Amuna ndi akazi sasiyana wina ndi mnzake pakuwoneka komanso mtundu wa maula, ma saizi amuna okha ndiwo amakula.
Akatswiri tafotokozeramu mitundu itatu skimmer. American American diver wakuda amakhala ku South America komanso kumwera kwa North America. Kukula kwa mbalame ndi masentimita 38, chingwe choyera chili kumapiko, mbali yakumaso ndiyakuda. mlomo liri la cheza ndi wakuda kwenikweni, miyendo ya yomweyo mtundu yowala. Pokhala nesting, amasankha mitsinje ndi gombe la nyanja. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba, nkhono, tizilombo.
skimmer African opezeka kunyanja Africa, amakhala malire m'munsi mwa mitsinje ndi mwa nyanja. Kukula kwa nyamayo kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa khungwa wamba, koma mapiko a odulira madzi ndi aatali. Thupi limakutidwa ndimapapo amtundu wakuda, pamphumi, mutu, mbali zam'munsi za thupi, mchira ndi malekezero a nthenga zazikulu zakuuluka pamapiko ndizoyera mbu. Miyendo ofiira mulomo - lalanje-chikasu. Zosiyanasiyana ku Africa kumakhala moyo wachisangalalo.
Masana, amapumula pamchenga, ndikufalikira pamimba yake, nthawi zina amayima osasunthika. Pa Kukada, mbalame losandulizika. Kugona masana kumatha, ndipo wodula madzi amasaka. Nthawi zambiri mbalame 4-5, zimasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono komanso mwakachetechete, zimanyezimira pamwamba penipeni penipeni pa madzi, nthawi zonse zimamiza theka lalikulu lakumtsinje m'madzi. Chotero mulomo - inasonyeza weniweni, mothandizidwa ndi mbalame wake deftly amachotsa tizilombo, nsomba. Pamchenga zazikulu zodulira madzi ndi chisa. Yaikazi yokha imalowetsa mazira, koma makolo onsewo amadyetsa ana.
Pa gombe ndi madzi kumtunda a m'mayiko a China ndi India likukwaniritsa Indian skimmer. Amawoneka ngati abale ake, ali ndi mlomo chabe wamtundu wachikaso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalameyi imalephera kukometsa ornithologists. Koma aliyense mitundu ndi kusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zina. Banja la odula madzi lapeza zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Atalima bwino mderali ndi mulomo wawo wabwino kwambiri, amapulumuka popanda kukumana ndi mpikisano wamphamvu ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Ndipotu, monga yofunika fixture chikhalidwe wapereka skimmer yekha.
Odula madzi
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Makanda |
Jenda: | Odula madzi |
- African Skimmer ( Rynchops flavirostris )
- Wodula Wamadzi ku India ( Rynchops albicollis )
- Wodula madzi wakuda ( Rynchops nigra )
cutwater (lat. Rynchops) - mtundu wa mbalame zochokera kubanja la gulu lakhali la Charadriiformes. Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu itatu. Ena taxonomists kusiyanitsa skimmer mu subfamily Rynchopinae. M'mbuyomu, adawerengedwa ngati banja losiyana la odula madzi (Rynchopidae) Charadriiformes.
Kugawa
Chigoba cha ku Africa (Rynchops flavirostris) ndi odula madzi aku India (Rynchops albicollis) Akupezeka Madamu madzi mu kotentha. Wodula madzi wakuda (Rynchops nigra) Miyoyo m'mphepete mwa nyanja North America. Odula madzi amakonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pafupi ndi zigwa kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, kusaka m'madzi osaya nyama.
Zizindikiro zakunja
Imodzi mwa mbali ya skimmer, chimene chimasiyanitsa iwo kwa mbalame zina zonse anachepetsa kwambiri, si ana chonse. Chinanso ndi chakuti gawo lamunsi la mulomo wawo ndiwotalikirapo komanso lalitali kuposa kumtunda. Chifukwa choti nsonga yake imakhala yosalimba komanso yolimba ndi nthawi, mulomo umangokulira. Mapiko ndi mlomo poyerekezera ndi ena onse thupi ndi lalikulu. Miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wachikasu, pomwe zuluzikulu za odulawo zili zakuda ndi zoyera.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ocheka madzi samasaka masana komanso usiku. Zikuphatikizapo kupanga nsomba zazikulu zimene iwo amagwira zouluka monga pamwamba pa madzi ndi "Kumanga zisa molakwika" iye m'munsi mbali ya mlomo wa kotero skimmer ndi nalo dzina lake. Mukakhudza nsomba, mulomo umatseka nthawi yomweyo. Mutu utaponyedwa kumbuyo, umagwira ntchito kuti umameza.
Mvera mawu a Vodorezov
Masana, amapumula pamchenga, ndikufalikira pamimba yake, nthawi zina amayima osasunthika. Pofika usiku, mbalameyo imasintha. tulo masana Mwamsanga, ndi skimmer akupitiriza Ulenje. Nthawi zambiri mbalame 4-5, zimasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono komanso mwakachetechete, zimanyezimira pamwamba penipeni penipeni pa madzi, nthawi zonse zimamiza theka lalikulu lakumtsinje m'madzi. Mlomo wotere ndi wopezadi, mothandizidwa ndi mbalame zimasuta tizilombo, nsomba. Pa mchenga imene ili pafupi chakudya ndi chisa m'midzi lalikulu Vodorezov. Yaikazi yokha imalowetsa mazira, koma makolo onsewo amadyetsa ana.
Odula madzi amadya nsomba ndi tizilombo.
Pa gombe ndi madzi kumtunda a m'mayiko a China ndi India likukwaniritsa Indian skimmer. Amawoneka ngati abale ake, ali ndi mlomo chabe wamtundu wachikaso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalameyi imalephera kukometsa ornithologists. Koma aliyense mitundu ndi kusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zina. Banja la odula madzi lapeza zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Atalima bwino mderali ndi mulomo wawo wabwino kwambiri, amapulumuka popanda kukumana ndi mpikisano wamphamvu ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Ndipotu, monga yofunika fixture chikhalidwe wapereka skimmer yekha.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zambiri
Mbalame yamadzi kapena African Skimmer - Otentha wachibale terns. Mbalamezi ndizodabwitsa chifukwa cha njira yawo yopezera chakudya, ndichifukwa chake odulawo adalandira dzina. Imapanga mapiko pang'onopang'ono komanso osalankhula, imayenda pamwamba pa madzi, nthawi ndi nthawi kumizidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi yonse m'munsi mwa mulomo ndi kupopera madzi. Mu wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa gull wamba, koma chifukwa mapiko yaitali zikuoneka kwambiri. Ali ndi nthenga za m'munsi thupi, pamphumi, nkhope, mchira, komanso malekezero a mapiko akulu, oyera, maula ena onse ndi a bulauni. Mlomo ndi wachikasu-lalanje, miyendo ndiyofiyira. Mbali ina ya skimmer, amene amasiyanitsa iwo kwa mbalame zina zonse anachepetsa kwambiri ophunzira osati ozungulira. Mwana wawo wamkazi amakhala wovulala komanso wowongoka, ngati amphaka. Ana osambira ndiwopatula pagulu la mbalame.
Mbalame skimmer - yaitali mapiko, yaifupi miyendoyi ndi mbalame dlinnoklyuvye. Masana, amagona pamimba pawo, kapena nthawi zambiri amakhala osayendayenda pamchenga. Zimakhala ndi moyo nthawi yamadzulo, pamene pagulu la mbalame zingapo (4-5) zimapita kukasaka. Iwo kusaka usiku, m'mawa ndi usiku, kupita nyama - nsomba, nkhanu, tizilombo m'madzi. Amazigwira motere: mbalame imawuluka pamwamba pa madziwo, ndikutsitsa theka la mulomo m'madzi. Pamlomo, theka ndi lalitali kwambiri kuposa kumtunda. mandible Upper akwezedwa ndipo madzi si kukhudza, koma ndiye somknetsya ndi mandible, kokha kutipunthwitsa pa chinachake moyo ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe. Popeza kumapeto kwa mulomo kuvunda chifukwa chomangokhalira kukangana ndi madzi, chingwe chokhala ndi chotchinga chakumaso chimakulanso.
Odula madzi okhala ndi kutalika kwa 35 cm cm, amasiyana ndi ma tern mu mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mulomo. Iye ali wamtali, yaitali, mwamphamvu wothinikizidwa laterally. Zomangira zamkamwa zimatha pafupifupi pakatikati pa kutalika kwa mulomo, ndiye kuti malekezero odula amaphatikizana. Nsagwada imatha kutsegula madigiri 45. Kukafunafuna chakudya mtsikana kukhudza, kotero Vodorezov akhoza kusaka madzi kale loipa ndi usiku. Pokhudzana ndi njira yofananira yodyetsera pafupi ndi odula madzi, zida zina zakonzedwa zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti musang'ambe mutu wanu, osaduka khosi lanu ndikugwira moyenera kugwira madzi kuchokera kumadzi. Ngati china chake chagwera, ndiye kuti mutu umaguguduzika mmbuyo, ndipo mulomo umangotuwa nthawi yomweyo.
Vodorezov chisa m'midzi lalikulu la makumi kwa zikwi awiriawiri pa gombe mchenga ndi shallowed mabanki mchenga, zilumba ndi Magombe, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja ya kotentha ndi mayiko. Mu miyambo yawo yaukwati, kufanana ndi ma tern kumadziwika - mawonetsero aukwati mu milomo, koma osati ya nsomba, koma yamiyala yaying'ono. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 3 mpaka 5 oyera kapena achikasu okhala ndi madontho amdima pabowo labwinobwino, momwe amawaunjikira. The mwamuna alibe mazira, koma kumatanthauza kudyetsa. Ming'alu ikangomenyedwa imasiya chisa ndipo imatha kusambira bwino. Ma jekete pansi ali ndi mchenga wokhala ndi mitsitsi yakuda, akumaphimba bwino mukabisala mumchenga woyera. Mapiko anapiye aukitsidwa mu m'badwo wa masabata 5. Wokhwima ali ndi zaka 1-3. Palibe mtundu uliwonse wogonana; amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi, amuna amuna ndiopepuka.