Imapezeka m'madzi am'madzi, opanda kanthu komanso madzi abwino. Amakhala ku Yenisei Gulf, khosi la Yenisei, Pyasin, Boganida, mitsinje ya Khantayka, zigawo za Mtsinje wa Khatanga, komanso m'madziwe a Keta, Labaz, Lama. Nyanja ya Keta pali ma subspecies - zomwe a Kravchuk akupita Triglopsis quadricornis krawtschukii Mikhalev, 1962 (Bogutskaya, Naseka, 2004, Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba za Taimyr, 1999).
Mtundu wakuda ndi imvi yakuda ndi tinty brownish. Zipsepse zamkati zimapezeka pakhosi. Zipsepse zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kapena mawanga. Zomwe zimapanga gill sizikuphatikizira kumalo amtunduwo ndikupanga mawonekedwe omasuka. Pa preoperculum, ma spikes 4 akufotokozedwa. Mu chithunzi cha Kravchuk, nthano yachinayi ndi yofupikirako. Kutalika kwa thupi muzinyanja zam'madzi kumafika pa 28 cm, mu ma gobies apanyanja - mpaka 40 cm. Maziko a chakudya ndi nsomba ndi zoobenthos. Kukula kumachitika mu Disembala-Januware; mphutsi zimapezeka mu Meyi. Osati mtundu wamalonda.
CHIYEMBEKEZO CHA SLINGSHIEL
Ng'ombe yakuwombera imatsogolera pamakhalidwe otsika. Ana ndi akulu onse amalolera mosiyanasiyana kusinthasintha kwa mchere ndipo amapezeka mumadzi amchere komanso abwino. Zogwira pamphepete mwa nyanja. Goby-slingshot nsomba zam'madzi ozizira a kumpoto (mitundu ya arctic).
Zimachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena nthawi yozizira, mu Disembala - Januware mu Nyanja ya Baltic, mu Januware - koyambirira kwa February mu Lake Ladoga.
Mphutsi zatsopano za Baltic zomwe zadulidwa kumene ndi zazitali 9-11,5 mm; kunyezimira m'minyewa kumasiyanitsa pomwe mphutsi zimafika 14-15 mm. Kutalika kwa 19-27 mm mkati mwa Gulf of Ob kumasungidwa pamlomo wamtsinje komanso m'malo opanda madzi, makamaka pamtunda wamtundu wa silika.
Ng'ombe yowombera imafika 25-30, osawoneka masentimita 37 (kutali.) (Fomu la Alaskan - mpaka 60 masentimita, fomu ya Onega - mpaka 12.7 cm) komanso kulemera kwake kupitirira 255. Kutalika kwakanthawi ndi kulemera kwa woponyera mumphaka zamalonda ku Gulf of Ob 20.5-21.5 cm ndi 84.9-114.3 g (amuna ndi akazi).
Mitundu yamitundu yonyamulirayo imayamba kukhwima pokhapokha utali wa 9.5-11.6 cm (Lake Osunden).
Mbawala za gulaye zimadyera nyama zapansi. Ku Gulf of Ob, M. quadricornis labradoricus adapezeka mu 90% ya milandu ya ana am'nyanja, Mesidothea, mu 8% ya milandu ya Amphipoda, komanso ngakhale kamwana ka mtundu wake. Soga yaku Ladoga, M. quadricornis lonnbergi, imakonda kukhala pansi ndikuzama kwambiri ma crustaceans (Pallasea quadrispinosa, Mysis relicta, Gammaracanthus loricatus).
FISHES FISHES
Mtengo wa ng'ombe yoponyera miyala udakali wochepa kwambiri, umagwira mu White sea komanso mu Bohemian Bay mu 1930-1941. zinali 120-180 c. Ng'ombe ya nyanga yolumikizidwa imapezeka yambiri ku Gulf of Ob ndipo, mosakayikira, ikhoza kukhala chinthu chosodza mwapadera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wa ng'ombe yopopera ndikufunika ndipo kukhazikikako sikungokhala kwatsopano kapena kowundana, komanso mwa zakudya zamzitini.
Ukadaulo ndi njira yausodzi
Njira yosodza ya ng'ombe yowombera sinadziwebe, ndipo palibe njira zapadera kapena zapadera zomwe zakanenedwapo. Ng'ombe yowombera imagwidwa kuti igwiridwe ndi nsomba zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi ndodo ya usodzi.
Ng'ombe yamphongo imakhala yatsopano. Mukamaphika, khungu limachotsedwa ndipo mutu umadulidwa. Chiwindi cha ng'ombe yophera ndi bwino.
Kodi ndi ndani?
Slingshot (Triglopsis girard) - nsomba ya banja la gulaye (kerchakov). Ma slingshots amatchedwanso zodzaza ndi nyanga zinayi kapena nyanga zamiyenga inayi. Zowona, banja la a Kerchakov ndi la nsomba zam'madzi zokha, chifukwa m'chilengedwe mulibe zojambula panyanja zokha, komanso madzi abwino bullheads.
Magawo:
Mukuwombera nsomba maliseche thupi , kwenikweni wopanda mamba. Gill nembanemba amapanga khola. Thupi limakhala lacheperachepera, ndipo kutsogolo kwa nsombayo kumakutidwa. Kufikira kutalika25 cm ndiakulumpaka magalamu 320. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mitundu yamadzi am'madzi ndi 40 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 500 g, amitundu yamadzi amtundu mpaka 20-25 cm. Thupi la nsomba yosenda zopindika. Mutuwu ndi wokulirapo wokhala ndi ma tubercles awiri otchulidwa. Miyoyo zaka zopitilira 11.
Chakudya:
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi lili kuchokera kuzilombo zam'munsi, makamaka amphipods ndi ma maids.
- M'nyengo yotentha, ma slingshots amadya nsomba, kunyanja, amawedza hering'i, kusungunuka, kuwombera, sope yoyala, nsomba yoyera ndi ndodo.
- M'nyengo yozizira, zakudya zambiri zimapangidwa ndi crustaceans, nyongolotsi, mapira, ndi nkhanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu za algae ndi zam'madzi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
- Mphutsi za mbedza za chironomids, ma mollusks ndi nsomba zazing'ono, makamaka zoyera nsomba, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitsinje ndi nyanja. Komanso caviar wawo ndiwotengera.
Kumwaza:
Zogulitsa zimamera kwambiri nthawi Disembala - Januware pomwe kutentha kwa madzi kuli pafupifupi -1 madigiri. Kutulutsa kumadutsa pansi pa ayezi, pakuya mamita 1-1,5.
Wamkazi amayikira mazira pamiyala. Caviar imakhala ndi maolivi akuda, chifukwa chake, nchabwino pakati pa algae.
Kubereka kwa akazi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zaka ndi kukula. Kuberekera kwapakati pa akazi ndi pafupifupi mazira 3000-7700. Chonde kwa akazi akuluakulu, okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 38 mpaka 40, ndi Mazira 16600.
Dzira limodzi m'mimba mwake lili ndi mamilimita awiri. Mamba amaphulika mu Meyi, ndipo mu Ogasiti amafika pafupifupi mamilimita 22.
Maonekedwe a gulaye
Zoyala zimakhala ndi thupi lamaliseche, lopanda mamba. Gill nembanemba amapanga khola. Thupi lachepa bwino, ndipo mbali yake yakumaso imasunthika pang'ono.
Mutu sukulira, amapanga 30% ya kutalika konse kwa thupi. Pamutu pali ma spikes anayi opangidwa bwino. Zoyenda panyanja zimakhala ndi ma tubipital ndi ma postorbital pamitu pawo, pomwe zopezeka m'madzi oyera sakhala ndi ma tubercles oonekera, kapena kulibe. Mphumi ndi yayikulu ndi yotakata.
Thupi la ana a ng'ombe amiyendo anayi ndiimvi. Pakhoza kukhala malo owoneka bwino kumbuyo. Mbali yam'mimba imakhala yopepuka. Paziphuphuzo pali mikwingwirima kapena masamba amtundu wakuda. Ndalama yachiwiri yolumikizira idakwezeka;
Kukula kwa gulaye.
Mphamvu yamalingaliro imapangidwa ndi akasupe m'mafupa amutu, yokutidwa ndi membrane wa khungu pamwamba. Malo ang'onoang'ono akhungu okhala ndi microscopic pores amasiya ma sensor canal. Pazinthu zina, palibe mankhwala. Pali nthawi imodzi pa chibwano. Chingwe cha thunthu sichiri chopanda pake, chili ndi 28-48 pores. Vertebrae kuyambira 37 mpaka 42, pyloric appendages 6-10, ndipo gill stamens about 10.
Mtunduwu sunaphunzire bwino, kapangidwe kake ndizovuta kwambiri. Mwachidziwikire, nyamazo zimawonedwa kuti ndizovuta, ndipo njira zomwe zidadziwika kale sizimagwira mpaka ntchito yofufuza mwatsatanetsatane itachitika.
Zoyenda ndi nyanga zinayi zifalikira
Pali zigawenga za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimatha kulowa m'madzi okhala ndi mchere pang'ono kapena watsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ya madzi abwino omwe amapezeka m'madziwe akuluakulu ku Sweden, Norway, North America, Finland ndi Russia. M'dziko lathu, mitundu yotere imapezeka ku Karelia, kunyanja za Oster, Segozero ndi Kuito. Amakhalanso m'madziwe a Onega ndi Ladoga. Amakhala otchuka kunyanja zam'mphepete mwa Taimyr, mwachitsanzo, Keta, Andermey, Lama ndi Labaz. Ma slingshots amakhalanso mumphepete mwa Nyanja Zoyera ndi Baltic. Izi nsomba zimapezeka m'mitsinje ya Narova ndi Neva, komanso m'mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mu Arctic Ocean. Kummwera kwa Bering Strait, zokongoletsa zimangofika ku Anadyr Estuary.
Njira yosenda
Izi nsomba zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zakumpoto, kuphatikiza apo, zimapita ku ma bays ndi mitsinje. Malo okongola a ma slingbots ndi am'madzi komanso amtali, komanso madzi abwino. Mwa oimira amtunduwu mulinso mitundu yonse ya nyanja.
M'chilimwe, agogo a nyanga zinayi amadya nsomba, munyanja amadya nsomba, kusungunuka, kuzungulira, nsomba ya safroni, nsomba yoyera ndi ndodo. M'nyengo yozizira, zakudya zambiri zimapangidwa ndi nyama za benthic: crustaceans, mphutsi, mollusks, ndi nkhanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu za algae ndi zam'madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mitsinje ndi m'madziwe, ma slingshots amadya mphutsi za chironomids, mollusks, ndi nsomba zazing'ono, makamaka nsomba zoyera. Komanso caviar wawo ndiwotengera.
Ma slingshots amakhala m'chilengedwe mpaka zaka 11.
Zoyenda panyanja za Ice-kukula zimakula mosiyanasiyana, zonse zimatengera momwe moyo uliri. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya m'madzi imakula mwachangu kuposa madzi abwino. Zipinda zochokera ku White Sea pazaka 1 zofika kutalika kwa mamilimita 68, zaka 2 - 165 millimeter, pazaka 3 - mamilimita 179 ndi zina zotero. Monga lamulo, pafupifupi kutalika kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 20 cm, ndipo pazaka 8 - pafupifupi 26 cm. Anthu omwe afikira kutalika kwa masentimita 8-10, monga lamulo, magalamu 150-200.
Akazi okhwima mu zaka 3-4, ndipo kutha msambo kwa amuna zimachitika chaka mwachangu. Pakupanga, chiwerewere chimakhala pafupifupi 1 mpaka 1. Slingshots imamera kwambiri mu Disembala-Januware, pomwe kutentha kwa madzi kumasinthasintha kuzungulira -1 madigiri. Kutulutsa kumadutsa pansi pa ayezi, pakuya mamita 1-1,5.
Wamkazi amayikira mazira pamiyala. Caviar ali ndi mtundu wa azitona wakuda, motero umasenda bwino pakati pa algae. Kubereka kwa akazi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zaka ndi kukula. Pakati pa akazi, magawo 20-25 mulifupi, pafupifupi mazira 3,000, ndipo zazikazi, 26 cm sentimita yayitali, amatha kutulutsa mazira pafupifupi 7,700. Chonde mu akazi akulu, okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 38 mpaka 40, ndi mazira 16,600. Dzira limodzi m'mimba mwake lili ndi mamilimita awiri. Mamba amaphulika mu Meyi, ndipo mu Ogasiti amafika pafupifupi mamilimita 22.
Mkhalidwe wamtunduwu
Nyanja kapena madzi oyera opanda nyanjayi sagwiranso ntchito ngati usodzi. Zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zowonjezera nsomba zamalonda. Mu Nyanja Yoyera, kumawedza akuwombera pafupifupi 0.5-1% ya nsomba zonse.
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