Ku Crimea, njoka zambiri zimakhala. Koma ndi uti wa iwo omwe ali owopsa kwa anthu? Zoyenera kuchita ngati kuluma? Ndipo ndi njoka za Crimea ziti zomwe zidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira? Pansipa mupeza mayankho a mafunso awa.

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M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

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Zowopsa komanso zowopsa

Tinene pomwepo - m'mapiri a Crimea palibe njoka yapoizoni yomwe imawopseza anthu. Njoka yodziwika yokha ya Crimea yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito poizoni kuteteza ndiye njoka yanjoka. Zina zonse sizikhala choopsa. Mwambiri, njoka ziwiri zimakhala ku Crimea, zomwe zimabweretsa ngozi pang'ono kwa anthu - iyi ndi njoka yolumikizana ndi njoka. Tiyeni tiwayang'ane mwatsatanetsatane.

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Momwe imawonekera pachithunzichi

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Njoka yotsala ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 40-50 (kutalika kwakukulu 58 cm). Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna. Zofanana kwambiri ndi njoka yokhazikika: kusiyana kwakukulu ndi chizolowerere lakutsogolo. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wonyezimira: kumbuyo kumakhala mawonekedwe a zigzag, omwe nthawi zambiri amatenga mawonekedwe a mawanga omwe amagawidwa mosagwirizana kumbuyo. Kumbali za njoka palinso mawanga, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizere iwiri, koma nthawi zambiri malo awa sawoneka bwino ngati kumbuyo. Chikhalidwe china ndi kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe ofanana pamutu. Mimba ya njoka yamtundu wa Crimea ndi yopepuka, pakhoza kukhala malo ang'onoang'ono amtundu wakuda. Nthawi zina, mutha kupeza njoka zakuda kwambiri.

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Ziwoli bwanji

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti njokayo ndi poyizoni. Komabe, amaluma pokhapokha - pamene ateteza chisa cha njoka kapena ngozi yowopsa (nthawi zambiri amangochotsa pakati pa anthu). Tizikumbukiranso kuti ululu wa njoka iyi ndi "wofooka" - zinayambitsa imfa.

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Zowopsa bwanji

Njoka yokhala ndi njuchi imakhalanso ku Crimea. Amadziwika kuti ndi wankhanza - amatha kumenya munthu ndikuluma, komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuluma kwa njokayo sikumakhala koopsa, ndipo bala lake kuchokera kuluma mofulumira. Njoka zokhala ndi chikasu ndi imodzi mwa njoka zazikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Kutalika kwenikweni kwa njokayo ndi mita 2, ngakhale kuti apaulendo ambiri adakumana ndi njoka zazitali kutalika kwa mamitala 2.5 kapena kuposerapo. Amphongo amtundu wamtundu wautali kuposa zazikazi.

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Zikuwoneka bwanji

Mofulumira komanso mwamakani

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Njoka yokhala ndi chikaso chokhala ndi chizungulire chaching'ono, mwakutero, "chimakula" kulowa m'thupi popanda kusintha. Mawonekedwe a muzzle ali ozungulira, maso amagwa modutsa pang'ono. Kuzungulira maso nthawi zambiri kumakhala mabwalo oyera komanso achikasu. Utoto wa thupi lakumtunda ndi wachikasu, bulawuni, bulauni, imvi, ndi zina. Anthu akuda kwathunthu ndi osowa kwambiri.

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Kulumwa ndi njoka - zizindikiro ndi thandizo loyamba

Kuluma kwa njoka ya Crimea yoopsa sikumabweretsa ngozi yayikulu kwa anthu. Inde, ndizowawa, koma pafupifupi 100% ya anthu amadzichira okha pakatha masiku 1-2 atadutsa, ngakhale osalandira chithandizo chilichonse. Inde, nthawi zina kuluma kumakhala ndi zovuta - komabe, nthawi zambiri, zovuta zimayamba chifukwa chotsatira mosavomerezeka.

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Zoyenera kuluma. Malangizo a Kanema a Dr. Komarovsky

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Nthawi zambiri, njoka za Crimea sizimakhala zokwiyitsa - zikaona munthu, nthawi yomweyo zimangoziluka, ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito mano oopsa kupha nyama. Komabe, nthawi zina, njoka yotereyi ikhoza kuluma - podziteteza komanso pofuna kuteteza chisa cha njoka. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mukukhudzana sikofunikira kuseketsa njokayo - musamumenye ndi ndodo, osakoka ndi mchira (ndibwino kuti musayese konse kuyigwira ndi mchira) ndi zina zotero. Ngati njoka ikuluma, uyenera kuchita izi:

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1. Chofunika kwambiri, musakhale ndi mantha. Inde, magazi amatha kutuluka pachilonda, kupweteka mutu, ndipo dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo litha kukumbidwa ndi malo osasangalatsa. Koma, musadandaule, poyizoni wa njoka iyi ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo anthu samafa nayo.
2. Pambuyo pa kuukiridwayo, yamwetsani poizoni wonse kuchokera pachilondacho, ndikumulavulira pansi. Onse ovulala ndi anthu ena amatha kuyamwa poyizoni. Ndikofunika kuti anthu omwe alibe kuvulala pamlomo wam'mimba ayamwe. Komabe, ngati poizoni walowa mkamwa, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chimachitika - chakudyacho chimang'ambika mosavuta m'mimba ndipo chimatuluka m'thupi ndi mkodzo.
3. Iyenera kupereka mpumulo kwa munthu. Kuti muchite izi, pezani malo ena amdima, tengani bulangeti pansi ndikuyika munthu.
4. Mupatseni madzi kapena zakumwa zilizonse zosakhala zakumwa zoledzeretsa, chifukwa mowa umachulukitsa zizowawa zakuluma.
5. Kuti muchepetse vuto la chifuwa, perekani munthu wovulalayo mapiritsi ochepa a diphenhydramine, suprastin, kapena antihistamine ina.
6. Pambuyo pa thandizo loyamba, wozunzidwayo ayenera kupita kuchipatala.

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Zomwe njoka za Crimea zidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira

Zoyipa zina za Crimea zidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Tilembapo mitundu yayikuluyi - njoka yachikasu, njoka zam'manja zinayi, njoka ya kambuku, njoka zanyumba ndi zina zambiri. Kuwakola iwo ndi cholinga chogulitsa kumawoneka ngati mlandu kapena mlandu. Siziika pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu, komabe, pakagwa vuto lalikulu amatha kuluma mopweteketsa, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kuti musayandikire.

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Zithunzi za njoka zonse zomwe zimakhala ku Crimea

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Yendani modekha ndi chisamaliro chovomerezeka. Ngakhale ku Crimea kuli njoka zambiri - njoka, njoka, okopera ndi ena. Samakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu. Njoka yapoizoni yokha ya Crimea ndi njoka yoluka, komabe poizoni wake ndi wofooka kwambiri ndipo sungapangitse munthu kufa. Komanso, njoka yokhala ndi chikasu imadzetsa vuto linalake, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imakhudza munthu, komabe, kuluma kwake sikumapha.

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Kanema watsatanetsatane wokhudza njoka zonse zomwe zimakhala ku Russia ndi Ukraine

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Njoka yaying'ono koma yoluma

Monga momwe mumamvetsetsa, iyi ndiye njoka yapoizoni ku Crimea. Komanso, pazaka 10 zapitazi, sipanakhalepo chitsimikizo cha anthu omwe amwalira pambuyo pakuluma pachilumbacho, ndipo sizikudziwika ngati panali ena omwe adalemba. Poyerekeza, ozunzidwa ndi akangaude, a karakurt omwewo, amapezeka pafupipafupi.

Njoka yotchedwa steppe viper (Vipera ursinii) ndi njoka yaying'ono, kutalika kwake sikokwanira kupitirira 60 cm, ndiyochepa kuposa wamba. Ku Crimea, njoka zimapezeka osati m'malo okha steppe, komanso m'nkhalango zomwe zili potsetsereka. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa Penchula ya Kerch, pamthunzi wa imvi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima kumbuyo kwa mawonekedwe a zigzag wapamwamba kapena mawanga angapo, pamakhala mawonekedwe amdima pamutu. Nthawi zambiri mitundu yakuda - asayansi oterewa amatcha melanita.

Monga njoka zonse, poizoniyu ali ndi mphamvu ya hemolytic, ndiye kuti, amawononga kapangidwe ka magazi ndi makhoma amitsempha yamagazi (pamaziko awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala a thrombophlebitis). Akaluma, malo omwe akukhudzidwawo amapweteka, amatupa, amasintha ofiira komanso amatembenukira buluu. Nthawi zina kumachitika mutu, kutentha kumatuluka.

Seramu yolimbana ndi kuluma ilipo, koma kupezeka kwake kuchipatala chapafupi sikudziwika. Zili zovulaza kuti wovutikayo asunthe (ndiye kuti magaziwo amanyamula poizoniyo mthupi lonse), ndipo chokwawa nthawi zambiri chimatsutsana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chochulukirapo chimangokhala ndi chida chothandiza kwa wozunzidwayo, kuziziritsa gawo lowonongeka, kutenga madzi ambiri (osati mowa!), Antipyretic. Zizindikiro zimachepa kwambiri patatha maola ochepa, koma kenako zikopa zimawonekera thupi popanda chifukwa chowonekera kwa milungu ingapo.

Osavomerezeka Mopanda Copper

Nthawi zambiri, njoka zimazunzidwa. M'malo mozindikira ngati pali zoopsa m'malo omwe zaperekedwa pophunzira zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe awo, anthu amakonda kuona kuti aliyense ndi woopsa komanso wankhanza, akuziwononga. Ndalama zachinyengo zamkuwa zambiri nthawi zambiri "zinagwera pansi pogawidwa" kotero kuti zinathera ku Red Book.

Nsomba wamba (Coronella austriaca) ndi njoka yaying'ono (anthu osapezekanso kutalika kwa masentimita 80), amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Njira yapamwamba imadziwika kuti ndi toni ngakhale yokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, chowala pamimba. Koma pali otuwa, komanso bulauni, ndipo ngakhale oyimira akuda. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi diso la mtanda.

Nsomba zamkuwa sizimavulaza konse - zilibe poizoni, ndipo mano ake ndi ochepa kwambiri. Mitundu ikuluikulu imakanda khungu (kuvulala kofanana ndi zotsatira za prank ya kitten yomwe idaseweredwa), koma kuwonongeka kumeneku kumachilitsidwa masiku angapo osalandira chithandizo. Njoka zazing'ono sizingawononge khungu la munthu. Amadyera abuluzi, ndipo nthawi zina - anapiye ndi tizilombo.

Uzi - odya achule achizungu

Mu Crimea amoyo mitundu ya njoka, wamba pakati. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi njoka. Ordinary (Natrix natrix) amadziwika ndi onse. Ndi utoto, ndi njoka yakuda yowala yayikulu kukula yokhala ndi "makutu" owala - mawonekedwe amitundu yachikaso kapena yoyera m'mbali mwa mutu. Amakonda kwambiri malo onyowa, amadya mbewa ndi achule, ndipo alibe poizoni.

Wachibale wake wapamtima ndiamadzi, ngakhale wolimba kwambiri kusungidwe. Amakonda achule osachepera gourmet achi France. Ndi wopepuka (mtengo wa azitona wakuda kapena wakuda), ndipo "makutu" ake sawonekera.

Njoka sizimaluma kawirikawiri, koma izi zitachitika, sizikhala zosasangalatsa. Siwopanda poizoni, ngakhale mano awo amawerama (kuti agwire zolimba kugwidwa) ndipo amatha kuwang'amba khungu. Ndipo samasamba mano, nthawi zina kuyambitsa matenda. Koma chithandizocho chimayamba chothandizira kupha majeremusi ochepa. Zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri ngati munthu wochita mantha atayamba kale "kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala". Pamenepa, amatulutsa zam'matumbo ake kwa wolakwayo. Fungo ndi lonyansa, silichotseredwa mwa njira iliyonse kwa sabata limodzi kapena kuposerapo.

Ndi njoka ziti zomwe zimapezeka mu steppe Crimea?

Mu steppe Crimea pali steppe viper, kutalika kwake sikoposa 50 cm, kuluma ndi poizoni, koma chifukwa cha mano ang'onoang'ono pali chiphe, munthu sadzafa.

Komanso mu stepep pali njoka ya chikasu, miyendo inayi, njoka. Njoka izi sizowopsa kwa anthu. Siziwopseza, kupatula njoka yamanjala yachikasu, yomwe ilibe poizoni, koma imakwiya kwambiri kwa aliyense amene adzafikire.

Kodi ndingakumane kuti ndi njoka ya Crimea?

Nyoka ya Crimea imatha kupezeka pa steppe, imatchedwa ndi malo omwe amakhala - the steppe viper. Njoka yamtunduwu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, chiwopsezo kwa anthu sichowonekera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati m'mano muli poyizoni, njoka singaluma khungu la munthu, ndiye kuti wopezayo ali ndi mwayi wopulumutsidwa.

Kodi ma sumu am'mimba achikasu ndi mkuwa wamkuwa?

Copperfish imanena za njoka zopanda vuto lililonse komanso zosavulaza konse. Samawonetsa ukali akakumana ndi munthu, samawukira, amayesera kubisala. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, anthu amamuopa, nthawi zambiri amamupha. Chifukwa chamisonkhano ndi munthu, njokayo idakhudzidwa. Nsomba za mkuwa zinalembedwera mu Buku Lofiyira, chifukwa anthu, osadziwa mtundu wamtunduwu, akusokoneza iwo ndi njoka ya steppe, akupitiliza kuipha pofuna cholinga chodziteteza.

Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu, yokhala ndi maluwa achikasu, ndi owopsa pang'ono pachikwama. Zomwe muyenera kuchenjezedwa mukaona njoka iyi:

1. Osayandikira pafupi, popeza ali wankhalwe, amakumana ndi njira zonse zomuyandikira.
2. Mano a njoka ndi okulirapo, amatha kuluma pakhungu.
3. Khalidwe lake lankhanza limawopseza iwo omwe sakudziwa njoka iyi, chifukwa chomwe anthu amusokoneza iye ndi njoka yapoizoni.

Kodi ikuluma?

Crimea ndi wotchuka kale chifukwa choti amakonda achule. Zimawaza zonse. Chifukwa cha njoka, kuchuluka kwa achule sikumakula, komabe, komwe kulibe achule ndipo palibe njoka zomwe zimapezeka.

Samakhudza munthu, samawonetsa wankhanza. Mukakumana ndi munthu, njoka imakhazikika mu udzu, osatulutsa, yesetsani kuti musawonekere, khalani osamala. Mukakumana ndi njoka ikudya chule, siyimayankha, imapitilizabe kumeza "wogwidwayo". Munthuyu alibe chidwi ndi njokayo. Nthawi zambiri njoka imeneyi imachoka kwa anthu kale asanadutse njirayo.

Akayamba kudziwopseza, amatha kutulutsa khungu m'mimba mwake, imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, lomwe limamuwopseza munthu ndikupanga lingaliro labodza lokhuza njoka.

Mitundu yolembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira

Buku Lofiyira limalembedwa ngati mutu wamkuwa. Njoka yokhala ndi mbewa yotchinga, njoka.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji pazokambirana?

Pofuna kuti musakumane ndi njoka ku Crimea, muyenera kuyang'ana mosamala pansi pa phazi lanu m'malo omwe kuli chiwembu chotsamira, malo omera ndi udzu wawutali, kunja kwa nkhalango. Woyendayenda amakumana ndi njoka, osokota, ngakhale njoka yamtundu wautali.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati njoka iluma

Pakulumidwa ndi njoka yotsala, zochita zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa:

1. Chotsani sumuyo pachilonda.
2. Lolani amene akukuvutitsani kuti apumule.
3. Imwani madzi ambiri.
4. Kuti muchepetse vuto lanu lonse, tengani piritsi la diphenhydramine mogwirizana ndi malangizo.

Njoka yokhala ndi njoka kapena njoka yokhala ndi chikasu imatha kuluma ku Crimea. Kulumwa ndi njoka kulibe vuto, ndiye kuti mabala ake kuchokera pakuluma kwake amadzichiritsa okha, ndikokwanira kuwachitira ndi hydrogen peroxide, wobiriwira wanzeru, ayodini kapena njira zina zomwe zingapezeke povulala.

Kuluma kwa njoka kumakhala ndi ngozi kwa munthu, koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyamba yachitetezo ikakuluma, munthu adzakhala ndi nthawi yoti afike, kapena kukafika kuchipatala chamankhwala oyamba kapena mankhwala.

Ndemanga za alendo

M'chilimwe tinapumira ku Crimea. Iwo adachita lendi nyumba pafupi ndi Sudak. Tidapita kumapiri. Amachita mantha kuti tidzakumana ndi njoka, koma sanapeze imodzi. Pambuyo pake, okhala m'derali ochokera ku Sudak adanena kuti m'dera lawo mulibe njoka, sawoneka kawirikawiri. Koma pafupi ndi Kerch, malinga ndi komweko, mutha kupunthwa chifukwa cha njoka. Komabe, kuluma kwake sikunaphe.

Steppe viper

Nyoka ya steppe ndiyovuta kwambiri kusokoneza ndi njoka zamtundu wina, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika kwambiri. Pafupifupi, wamkulu amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 40-50, nthawi zina mpaka 60. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakula kuposa amuna. Njokayo imafanana kwambiri ndi serpenti wamba, koma imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, iyi ndi lingaliro lowoneka bwino komanso lakutsogolo pang'ono. Njoka yakuthengo imakhala ndi khungu la bulauni, pali zolaula, zomwe zimagawidwa mosagwirizana kumbuyo. Komanso njoka izi kumbali zawo zili ndi malo owuma, osanjidwa mizere iwiri. Chinanso chomwe chimadziwika ndi nyatwa yotereyi ndi kupezeka pamutu pa njira yofanana. Mimba ndi yopepuka, pakhoza kukhala matumphuka akuda bii. Njoka zosawoneka bwino zimakhala zakuda kwathunthu.

Njoka yoyipa ya chikasu

Njoka zina za ku Crimea, malinga ndi chidziwitso komanso malingaliro aboma, ndi a banja la njoka. Amadziwika kuti ndi achilendo, ngakhale ndi abale apachibale a njoka zomwezo, zomwe tidakambirana kwambiri pamwambapa. Njoka yanjoka, kapena njoka ya Caspian (Dolichophis Caspius) ndiyo njoka yayikulu kwambiri ya Crimea, anthu okwanira 2 m siachilendo. Ali ndi maso owala pang'ono, masikelo osalala.Thupi limakhala lakuda (bulauni, maolivi, mkuwa, nthawi zina lakuda), ndipo pamimba pamakhala chikaso chowoneka ngati lalanje kapena lalanje. Pali mawanga achikaso pamwamba pamaso.

Amakwera mitengo ndi tchire bwino, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda yamphesa, sikuti ndi poyizoni, koma amaluma nthawi zambiri (izi zimamsiyanitsa ndi njoka zambiri zomwe iwonso sizikuwombera anthu, koma amangoyankha ndi mkwiyo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa nyama zapamwamba, kuluma kumakhala kowawa kwambiri. Koma si wowopsa kuposa nyumba yodulidwa ndi mpeni. Chilondacho chimangofunika kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikatsekedwa pofuna kupewa matenda. Adzachira kwathunthu masiku angapo. Zowopsa mwadzidzidzi za ambiri ndizowopsa, chifukwa chake muyenera kulingalira ngati mutatenge ana ang'onoang'ono kuyenda m'minda yamphesa kapena zitsamba zowala.

Poizoni wa mbalamezi

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti steppe viper ndi poizoni. Koma amangomenya nkhondo pangozi yokha kapena podzitchinjiriza ana ake. Nthawi zambiri, njokayo imangoluka kutali ndi munthuyo. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti poyizoni wa steppe viper ndi wofooka, kuluma munthu akamva kuyipa kwambiri, izi ndizotsimikizika, koma patsiku lidzakhala labwinoko. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, palibe anthu omwe amwalira chifukwa cholumidwa ndi mphalapala.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Wina woyimira njoka, yomwe ndi ngozi yaying'ono kwa anthu - njoka yanjoka. Anakhala ndi mbiri yotere chifukwa cha nkhanza zake, amatha, monga choncho, kumenya ndi kuluma munthu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti njokayo siiri ndi poizoni, ndipo bala lomwe lakuluma lidzachira msanga. Njoka zokhala ndi chikasu ndi imodzi mwa njoka zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo cha Europe. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumafikira 2 metres. Ena amatha mpaka mamita 2.5. Njoka yaimuna yachikasu - yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa amuna.

Maonekedwe a njoka yamkaka yachikasu

Njokayo imakhala ndi chida chaching'ono, ngati kuti "chikukula" kulowa m'thupi, popanda kusintha. Chizunguliro chili ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa ndi maso pang'ono kugwa m'matumba awo. Kuzungulira maso nthawi zambiri kumakhala mabwalo oyera oyera achikaso. Thupi lakumwambalo limakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, wachikaso, wachikasu komanso wamtundu wina. Anthu akuda athunthu amapezekanso, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati njoka ikuluma? Zizindikiro ndi Thandizo Loyamba

Kuluma kwa njoka yopondera, monga momwe kwalembedwera kale, sikutiwopseza anthu kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndizopweteka kwambiri, pafupifupi anthu onse amachira patatha masiku awiri kuchokera pamene njoka yamenyedwa, yomwe singafune chithandizo chapadera. Nthawi zina, zoona, zovuta zimachitika, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chamankhwala osayenera.

Nthawi zambiri, njoka za ana opeza sizimangokhala zaukali, munthu akayamba kukwawa amabisala. Amagwiritsa ntchito mano poyizoni kupha nyama. Koma nthawi zina, njoka iyi imatha kuluma munthu, izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri njokayo ikamaopseza ana ake, pofuna kuteteza. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mukaona njoka, simuyenera kuseka, kumenya, kapena kukoka mchira wake, izi zitha kubweretsanso mavuto. Ngati, njoka ikakugwirani ndikuluma, onetsetsani kuti mwachita izi:

1. Chofunika kwambiri sikuti kuchita mantha. Ngakhale kuti bala limayamba kutuluka, kupweteka, mutu umatha chizungulire. Simuyenera kudandaula, chifukwa poyizoni wa stepep ndi wofooka kwambiri, ndipo sangathe kupha munthu.

2. Akangoluma kumene, ndikofunikira kuyamwa sumu zonse kuchokera pachilondacho, kumulavulira nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kuchitika modziyimira panokha, ndikuthandizira ena. Ndikofunikira kuti pasakhale bala kapena kuwonongeka mkamwa pakamwa poyiziridwa. Ngati poizoni walowa m'mimba, osawopsa, imang'ambika m'mimba ndipo amatuluka mwachilengedwe.

3. Munthu wolumwa amafunika mtendere. Ndikofunikira kuti mupeze malo omata, gonani china pamenepo ndikupatsa munthu mpata wopuma.

4. Kuchokera pakumwa ndibwino kupatsa wodwalayo madzi oyera ozizira, mutha kumwanso zakumwa zina, koma osamwa mowa. Mowa ungakulitse zizindikiro za ululu.

5. Kuti muchepetse vuto la chifuwa, kuluma kuyenera kuperekedwa pama piritsi angapo a antihistamines.

6. Pambuyo popereka thandizo loyamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti wodwala amuke kuchipatala.

Zikomo inu, owerenga changa, chifukwa chowonera chofalitsachi, ndikhulupirira kuti tidzakuonaninso, ngati mumakonda nkhaniyo, chonde monga izo, lembani panjira ndikugawiranako ndi anzanu! Kwa ine ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndidzayamika kwambiri. Kupitilira apo zidzakhala zosangalatsa!

Leopard wokongola Crimea

Njoka zina zomwe zimakhala ku Crimea zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zakupha chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwakukulu (kusaka mfiti zakale zimapezeka mwachindunji). Pakati pawo pali njoka ya kambuku (Zamenis situla).

Ichi ndi chiyerekezo chapakatikati (nthawi zina kupitirira 1.5m) chofanana ndi "kusindikiza kwa njoka" chapamwamba mu zovala zaposachedwa mu zovala ndi haberdashery - izi zitha kuwonekera pachithunzichi. Thupi lake ndi la imvi kapena la bulauni, lomwe limakhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira kapena ofiira m'mbali yakuda. Monga wina aliyense, amadziwa kukwera nthambi, koma nthawi zambiri amabisala pansi pamisasa (miyala, driftwood). Nthawi zina amapezeka milu ya zinyalala zomanga (pansi pa mabolodi, zidutswa za masileti, ma sheet a malata).

Njokayo iluma, koma si yaukali osati yoopsa. Zowukira ku Crimea, monga lamulo, zimachitika pamene alendo ofuna chidwi, makamaka ana, amayesa kugwira njoka yokongola yowala. Samakhala ndi zoopsa, bala limadzichiritsa. Nyamayo payokha ili pachiwopsezo - ikuwotchedwa "pokhapokha", akuyesera kuchotsa khungu lokongola, ndipo agwidwa kuti azisunga nyumbayo. Zotsatira zake, nyamayo idagwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Mwa njira, mayankho a eni malo a boma amawona kuti ichi ndi chiweto chodabwitsa, ngati mutha kupanga malo oyenerera.

Monga mukuwonera, njoka za ku Crimea sizowopsa. M'malo mwake, anthu enieniwo ndi owopsa kwa iwo - amapha pachabe ndipo amayesetsa kuwawopsa. Koma mulimonsemo, aliyense ayenera kukhalabe munthu. Kumbukirani kuti njoka sizingaphedwe popanda chifukwa, chifukwa ndi gawo lazachuma komanso zovuta kupanga.

Steppe viper

Njoka yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 40-60 cm, pomwe amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala yaying'ono kuposa akazi.

Mosiyana ndi njoka yokhazikika, yomwe thupi lake limakhala lalikulu pakati, thupilo la stepp limakhala lofanana mumtunda, pomwe limangokhala ngati lakuthwa kuchokera kumbali.

Mutu umadulidwa pang'ono, kutsogolo utakutidwa ndi zishango zazing'onoting'ono pakatikati, ndipo m'mphepete mwa mpendero mumakwezedwa pang'ono.

Miyezo ya njoka ndi ya utoto wonyezimira, pomwe kumbuyo kwake kuli kapangidwe kakakulu ka zigzag mumtundu wakuda kapena wakuda. M'mbali mwa thupi muli malo angapo akuda bii. Mimba yake imvi, ndimadontho opepuka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njoka zakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi zakuda.

Nthawi zambiri, njoka imeneyi imapezeka kumapiri, kumapiri, kumapiri, komanso kumapiri, komwe imakhala pamalo okwera mpaka mikono 2700 kuposa nyanja.

Zofunika! M'chilimwe, njoka ya steppe imagwira ntchito makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo, pomwe nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira imakonda kusaka masana. Pamtunda pang'onopang'ono, koma imasambira bwino ndipo imatha kukwera pazitsamba kapena mitengo yotsika.

Njoka imeneyi imadzuka pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kufika madigiri asanu ndi awiri, ndipo nyengo yake yobereketsa imagwera pa Epulo - Meyi. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, njoka imabweretsa kuchokera ku ana anayi mpaka 24, kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 11-13, omwe adzakhwima mwakugonana mchaka chachitatu cha moyo.

Njoka yotereyi imatha kukhala yoopsa kwa anthu, koma imapindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa imangowononga mbalame zazing'ono ndi abuluzi, komanso tizirombo taulimi - makoswe ndi ma orthopterans. Gawo lalikulu la chakudya chake ndi dzombe, lomwe limakonda kukhala tsoka lalikulu kwa alimi.

Njoka yokhala ndi chikasu

Ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri ya njoka ku Europe: nthawi zina imafika mpaka masentimita 200-250, pomwe abambo amatha kutalika kuposa zazikazi.

Mutu wa chingwe chokhala ndi chikaso chaching'ono ndi chopondera mozungulira, mawonekedwe omwe amalekanitsa ndi khosi amawonetsedwa mofooka. Maso amatuluka pang'ono, ali ndi mwana wazizungulira. Masikelo ndi apakatikati kukula, osalala.

Mbali yakumwambayo ya penti imakhala utoto wa maolivi- kapena achikasu, kapena ofiira, ofiira ofiira, pafupifupi anthu akuda amapezekanso. Mimba yake ndi yachikasu, yachikaso chopepuka, lalanje kapena lalanje.

Njoka izi zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo otetezeka - kumapiri, zipululu, pakati pamiyala yamiyala, pamalo otsetsereka a m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi maenje.

Zitha kupezekanso m'ma tchire, m'nthiti za mitengo, m'minda ya zipatso, m'minda yamphesa, m'mabwinja a nyumba, m'malo osungirako zinyalala. Mapiriwo amatalika mpaka 1600 metres pamwamba pa nyanja.

Zimasaka makoswe, abuluzi, mbalame zakuthambo, mbalame ndi njoka zamtundu wina, kuphatikiza njoka ndi njoka.

Amakwatirana mwezi wa Epulo - Meyi, pambuyo pa miyezi 2.5 mzimayi amaikira mazira 5-18, komwe kumayamba njoka imayamba kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 30. Amafika ku msinkhu wazaka 3-4, ndipo njoka zokhala ndi chikasu zimakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe kuyambira 8 mpaka zaka 10.

Njoka izi sizimawopa anthu, zikakumana nawo, siziyesa kukwawa mwachangu, ndipo, zokhotakhota m'mphete, zimaponya munthu kwa mtunda wa mamita pafupifupi 2, ndikuyesera kulowa kumaso. Kuluma kwa njoka ya chikasu kumabweretsa ululu waukulu ndipo nthawi zambiri ukakhala kakhalira kakang'ono.

Njoka Yakukwera

Nthawi zambiri, zazimuna zamtunduwu sizidutsa 100cm kutalika, zazikazi zimatha kukula pang'ono - mpaka masentimita 120. Njoka iyi, yodziwika ndi kuwonda kwapadera komanso mtundu wachilendo, imakhala yosatheka kusokoneza mitundu yina.

Mutu wa njoka ya kambuku ndi yopapatiza komanso pang'ono kutalika, maso ndi agolide-lalanje, apakatikati kukula, ophunzira ndi ozungulira.

Mtundu wakuthupi ndi imvi kapena ngale imvi, pamakhala mawanga ansalu kapena ofiira, ofanana ndi phale pakhungu la nyalugwe komanso wolumikizidwa ndi sitiroko yakuda.

Njoka za leopard zimapezeka ku Southern Europe. Kuphatikiza pa Crimea, amatha kupezeka, mwachitsanzo, ku Italy, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Croatia.

Njoka izi zimadyetsa makoswe kwambiri ngati mbewa. Nthawi yakuberekera kwawo imachitika mu Meyi - Juni, ndipo kuyambira 2 mpaka 5 cubs hatch mu Ogasiti - Seputembala.

Njoka zamkati ndizachilengedwe mwamtendere ndipo sizimawombera munthu koyamba, koma zimayesanso kuluma panthawi yodziteteza.

Njoka inayi yamanjira zinayi

Chachikulu, chofikira 260 cm, koma chosavulaza njoka kwa anthu.

Mutu wa mawonekedwe amtundu wa rhomboid, mawonekedwe a khomo pachiberekero amafotokozedwa. Mbali yakumwamba ya thupi nthawi zambiri imapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, wachikasu kapena wa imaso, m'mimba mumakhala udzu wachikasu, nthawi zina pamakhala mawanga amdima pakawoneka mawanga.

Chizindikiro cha njoka zamtunduwu ndi mivi inayi yopapatiza ya utoto wakuda, yomwe ili kumtunda kwa thupi la nyama.

Njoka yakutali inayiyi imakonda kukhazikika m'malo otenthedwa bwino, momwe mumakhala malo opanda mthunzi komanso achinyontho. Mutha kukumana naye kunja ndi m'mbali mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pamiyala yokhala ndi zitsamba, komanso malo opanda mchenga, minda yamphesa ndi minda yazipatso.

Pakakhala mitambo, njoka zamtunduwu zimasaka masana, ndipo dzuwa ndi dzuwa lotentha usiku ndi madzulo.

Imadyera makoswe, mbalame zokhala ngati hare. Kukwera mitengo mwangwiro, komanso, kumatha kudziwa kuthana ndi mtunda pakati pa nthambi zotalikirana kuchokera kumzake kudzera mumlengalenga.

Mu Julayi kapena Ogasiti, yaikazi imayikira mazira anayi mpaka 16, pambuyo pa masabata 7 mpaka 9 ana ang'onoang'ono kuyambira 20 mpaka 30 cm kutalika pafupifupi. Amakhala oyenera kubereka mwa zaka 3-4.

Anthuwa si ankhanza ndipo akakumana nawo mwangozi, njoka izi nthawi zambiri zimayesa kubisala mu udzu wakuda posachedwa.

Copperfish

Ku peninsula ya Crimea pali mtundu umodzi wokha wa mkuwa wamkuwa - nsomba zamkuwa. Kutalika kwa njoka izi ndi 60-70 masentimita, ndipo mchirawo ndi wamfupikitsa nthawi 4-6 kuposa thupi.

Mutu uli pafupi kuzungulira m'mawonekedwe, mwana ndi wozungulira, mtundu wamaso ndi wamtundu wagolide kapena ofiira.

Masikelo ndi osalala, torso yakumtunda imakhala ya imvi, yotuwa kapena yofiirira yofiirira yokhala ndi mithunzi yamkuwa. Nthawi yomweyo, kumbuyo kwawo pamatha kukhala mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda kapena kowoneka bwino.

Utoto wam'mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala imvi, komanso imatha kukhala utoto uliwonse kuchokera ku chitsulo chamtambo mpaka pafupifupi chofiyira, pomwe nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawanga amdima kapena madontho.

Pamutu pa okopera, mawonekedwe amtundu akuwoneka, mawonekedwe a mzere wakuda kudutsa kuchokera pamphuno kupita kumakachisi.

Operekawa amakhala m'malo opepuka, m'malo owuma, monga m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mitengo yodutsa mitengo, mitengo komanso kudula mitengo kwa mitengo, amathanso kukwera m'mapiri mpaka 3000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.

Njoka iyi imakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale nthawi zina imatha kuwoneka madzulo, ndipo ngakhale usiku.

Imadyera abuluzi, mbalame zazing'onoting'ono, makoswe, nyama zakuthambo, komanso njoka, nthawi zina zimatha kudya zazing'ono zamtundu wake.

Nyengo yakubereketsa kwaopesa imachitika mu Meyi, ndipo m'chilimwe kuyambira 2 mpaka 15 ana amasankhidwa kuchokera ku mazira omwe mayiyo amaikidwa, omwe ndi zipolopolo zoonda. Njoka zamtunduwu zimatha kutha msinkhu ndi zaka 3-5, ndipo pazonse, okopera amakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 12.

Oyendetsa ndege samayambitsa anthu poyamba, ndipo samaluma. Komabe, ngati mungayesere kugwira njokayo, imalira ndikuyimbira kwa mdani. Ngati safuna kungomusiya yekha, ayesa kuwopseza owopsa omwe angayambitse mothandizidwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa, lomwe limapangidwa m'matumbo apadera.

Mwachizolowezi

Itha kusiyanitsidwa ndi njoka zina ndi mawanga pamutu pake omwe ndi achikasu, lalanje kapena oyera.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa njoka izi ndi 140 cm, koma zazikazi zimatha kukula mpaka mamita 2.5. Mutu umakhala wokumbukira, wozungulira pang'ono kuchokera kuzungulira. Mwana wa njoka ndi wozungulira, osati woima, ngati njoka zapoizoni.

Mamba ake ndi achikuda, amtundu kapena wakuda, m'mimba yake ndi yotumbululuka, yachikasu kapena imvi, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadzalidwa ndi zikwangwani zofiirira.

Njoka zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo otentha, nthawi zambiri njoka izi zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, komanso m'malo onyowa ndi madambo.

Njoka izi sizimawopa anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala, ndipo nthawi zina zimangokwawa m'zipinda zam'makomo kapena m'minda.

Njoka zimasankhidwa ndi amphibians, makoswe okhala ngati mbewa ndi mbalame zazing'ono, ndipo zimadya tizilombo tambiri.

Njoka izi zimakwatirana mchaka, kenako njoka imazira mazira 8 mpaka 30. Pakatha miyezi 1-2, ana amiseche amatalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Amakhala okonzekera kubereka mwa zaka 3-5, ndipo kwathunthu amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20.

Njoka izi ndi zamtendere kwa anthu ndipo sioyambanso kuwukira. Koma ngati akhumudwitsa kapena kuyesa kuvulaza, kuti ateteze, amatha kusambitsa munthu ndi madzi onunkhira bwino opangidwa ndi tiziwiti tambiri. Samakonda kuluma, ndipo mabala omwe amayamba kudziwika ndi dzina nthawi zambiri amatenga kachilombo chifukwa choti mano a njokayo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika ndipo chakudya chowola chimangodziunjikira.

Madzi kale

Njoka yomwe kukula kwake sikupita mamita 1.6, ndipo chachikazi ndi chachikulu kuposa zazimuna. Mutu uli pafupi kuzungulira.

Mamba omwe ali kumtunda kwa thupi amapaka utoto wamafuta, maolivi kapena amtundu wonyezimira, pomwe amawoneka kapena mikwingwirima yamtambo wakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, pali njoka za azitona oyera kapena zakuda.

Njoka zamadzi zilibe malo achikasu kapena malalanje pamutu pawo; mmalo mwake, njoka izi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima a V.

Khalidwe la njoka yamadzi limalumikizana kwambiri ndi mchere kapena matupi amadzi oyera, momwe amasaka nthawi zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, woposa theka la chakudya chake ndi nsomba, ndipo zina zonse zomwe amadya zimapezekanso kwambiri.

Njoka izi zimatha kuwoneka pafupipafupi m'magombe a Crimea, komwe zimakonda kusaka nsomba kuchokera kubanja lopita.

Mavwende sakhala aukali ndipo amayesa kupewa kukumana ndi munthu. Ngati akuyenera kudzitchinjiriza, ndiye kuti amachita izi mothandizidwa ndi madzi okhala ndi fungo losakanikirana, lomwe limapangidwa m'matumbo omwe ali pafupi ndi mchira wake.

Makhalidwe mukakumana ndi njoka

Anthu ambiri amawopa njoka chifukwa chake safuna kukumana nawo. Koma ngakhale nyama yomwe, ikungoyanjana ndi munthu sizingatchulidwe zosangalatsa, chifukwa chake ambiri a iwo, kupatula ochepa, amayesera kukwawa msanga, osazindikira momwe anthu akufikira.

Kuti mwayi wakumane ndi njoka itha kupanga popanda zovuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malamulo ena:

• Mukamapita kunkhalango kapena kukwera mapiri, zimalimbikitsidwa kuvala mathalauza kapena maovololo ataliitali, omwe thalauza lawo liyenera kumangidwa m'matumba a rabara. Izi zithandiza kuteteza ku mano a njoka pakagunda nayo. Kupatula apo, mano a zokwawa zambiri ndi ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, sangabowole nsapato kapena zovala.
• Kusamukira komwe njoka zimakhala, muyenera kuyenda kuti phokoso la masitepe likumveka. Njoka, pozindikira kugwedezeka kwa nthaka, zimathamanga kukabisala kwa anthu.
• Mwadzidzidzi mukakumana ndi njoka m'munda, m'nkhalango, m'munda kapena m'mapiri, mulibe vuto kuti mulifikire. Ndikwabwino kuyimilira patali ndikudikirira modekha mpaka chonde chitha.
• Ngati njokayo ndi yaukali, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhala ndi poyizoni, koma yolumidwa ndi njoka zokhala ndi chikasu, yomwe ndiyothandiza kupewa, ndiye yesani kuchoka kutali ndi chonde, kwinaku mukuyiwona.
• Palibe chifukwa chomwe mungayendere njoka yomwe ikuyenda pamwamba pa mwala kapena thunthu lakugwa, osanenapo kuti mukufuna kuthamangitsa kapena kupha. Zowonadi, pankhaniyi, maloboti adzimenyera nkhondo moyo wake wonse.
• Musanakhale pansi m'nkhalango kapena m'mapiri pathanthwe kapena chitsa, muyenera kuyang'ana mozungulira kuti mupeze njoka.
• Njoka ikulowera mu hema kapena alendo ogona silingachite mantha ndikuyambitsa mkwiyo. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse, osayendetsa modzidzimutsa, dikirani mpaka chimbudzicho chiziwombera anthu.
• Mwachikhalidwe, simuyenera kupha njoka ngakhale mawonekedwe awo akuwoneka ngati onyansa kapena owopsa.

Ku Crimea, palibe njoka imodzi yomwe ikhoza kukhala yoopsa kwa anthu. Ngakhale poizoni wa mbalame yotereyi ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa poizoni wa mitundu yake. Ponena za kambuku wosavulaza ndi njoka yam'manja inayi, kukumana nawo ndizokayikitsa, popeza njoka zamtunduwu ndizosowa komanso zotetezedwa. Chifukwa chake, wina sayenera, akakumana nawo, amayesa kuwagwira kapena kuwavulaza. Mtundu wokha wa njoka za Crimea zomwe zitha kupsa mtima kwa anthu ndi njoka yamkaka yachikasu, yomwe muyenera kungokhala kutali osayesa kumukwiyitsa. Ndipo, zowonadi, munthu sayenera kuwopsa njoka kapena kuyambitsa kuwukira, popeza pokhapokha msonkhano ndi chokweza ichi sichikhala zovulaza mbali zonse ziwiri.