Unduna wa Maphunziro ndi Sayansi ya Republic of Buryatia
Dipatimenti Yophunzitsa za Chigawo cha MKU
MBOU "Taksimov sekondale №3"
Kumalizidwa: Kolmakova Victoria
wophunzira 2 "B" kalasi
Mutu: Radnaeva I.V.
Owls ndi mbalame zakale zomwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri zakhala chizindikiro cha nzeru kwa anthu. Owls nthawi zonse amadabwitsa anthu ndi zachilendo ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Ndimakonda kadzidzi! Yabwino, motley yokhala ndi maso akadzidzi. Kodi sizodabwitsa? Ndimakonda mbalameyi chifukwa cha zizolowezi zake, komanso malingaliro osiyana ndi mbalame zina!
Ndikudabwa ngati tikudziwa zokwanira za mbalame yodabwitsayi - kadzidzi.
Cholinga cha ntchito: kuphunzira za moyo ndi mawonekedwe a kadzidzi.
- Kuwerenga mabuku pamutuwu
- Fotokozerani zomwe ophunzira anzanu akusukulu.
Kuti mukwaniritse cholinga, mabuku onena za mbalame adaphunzira, ndipo zida za intaneti zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ntchitoyi imakhala ndi magawo angapo momwe zimawerengera za kadzidzi zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo cha dziko lathu.
Ziweto zimapezeka padziko lapansi zaka zoposa 60 miliyoni. Ndiwo mbalame zosangalatsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 220 ndi yayitali. Dongosolo la kadzidzi limagawidwa m'mabanja awiri: banja la oward ndi owards enieni.
Zikho zingakhale zazing'ono komanso zazikulu kwambiri. Kadzidzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Eurasian Eagle Owl, mapiko a mbalameyi amafikira 190 cm, kutalika kwake ndi 75 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi ndi 4.5 kg., Ndipo kambali kakang'ono kwambiri ndi kadzidzi wopitilira, kutalika kwa thupi -19 cm, mapiko - 40 cm, kulemera kwa thupi - 80 g.
Mawonekedwe anatomical
Owls amasiyana kwambiri kukula, maonekedwe ndi mtundu wake, koma onsewa ali ndi chinthu chimodzi: kutembenuza mitu yawo 270 madigiri.
Chizindikiro choyamba chomwe chimawonedwa mu kadzidzi ndi mutu wake waukulu ndi kupukutira ndi kuzungulira kwakukulu, maso akuyang'ana kutsogolo, omwe azunguliridwa ndi disc yakutsogolo.
Mlomo ndi waufupi komanso wopindika. Mutu umasunthika, kadzidzi imatha kutembenuzira mutu wake kumbuyo, kotero kuti gawo lake lamawonedwe limakulitsa mpaka madigiri a 360, ndikusintha korona.
Maso a kadzidzi ndi okulirapo ndipo amayang'ana kutsogolo. Dziko loti liziwoneka lodetsa komanso loyera. Ngakhale mutawoneka pang'ono usiku, kadzidzi amatha kuwona mbewa yaying'ono yobisala mu udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, amawona patali.
Kuwona ndi kumva kwa kadzidzi ndizochenjera kwambiri. Kumva kadzidzi ndi kofunika kwambiri nthawi 50 kuposa kumvetsera kwa munthu. Imazindikira bwino komwe zingwe, zomveka zimapangidwira ndi za ndani.
Zikhozi zimakhala ndi nthenga zazitali, mchira wake ndi waufupi, wozungulira, thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi mafinya osalala. Chifukwa cha izi, zimawuluka mwakachetechete. Ozunzidwa samamva njira yawo ndipo kusaka nthawi zonse kumakhala kopambana. Ziweto zimasamalira nthenga zawo ndikuwasambitsa nthawi zonse mumvula, kumazungulira thambo, kapena kusamba mumchenga, monga mbalame zonse zimachitira.
Zowonjezera ndizosowa kwambiri komanso zofewa, nthenga zaumwini zimakhala zazikulu, zozungulira kumapeto kwake. Nthenga zam'mapiko otambalala ndizazikulu, ndizolowera kumapeto kwake ndikuguguda thupi. Nthenga za mchira waifupi nazonso zimagwada. Miyendo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsimbidwa kumunsi kwa nsapato. Zovala zazitali, zazitali za izo ndizowongoka mwamphamvu.
Ambiri a kadzidzi amapaka utoto kapena utoto, wokhala ndi mawanga akuda, mikwingwirima ndi pamoto. Utoto wa kadzidzi nthawi zonse umagwirizana ndi zozungulira ndikuzisala madzulo.
Zachikazi, monga lamulo, ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimuna, koma mawonekedwe a nthenga zawo ali ofanana. Zowona, abuluzi wowala, amasiyana mitundu yambiri yoyera chipale chofewa, ndipo kwa anzawo amakhala ndi timizere totuwa.
Kusaka kumayamba m'bandakucha woyamba. Samakhala pamitengo, amakhala tsiku limodzi pansi. Kuuluka ndikuyenda momasuka, kukuyenda, pamwamba pa nthaka yomwe. Kadzidzi amafufuza nyama kuti ikuthawe kapena kubisala, atakhala munthambi za mtengo. Kuuluka sikuyenda pang'ono, kungokhala chete, nthawi zambiri kumatsika pansi.
Kumva mwachidwi komanso kutonthola kungachititse ow owawa kudya kukhala abwino kwambiri.
Khalidwe ndi kadyedwe
Zambiri za kadzidzi ndi mbalame zenizeni usiku, koma zina za mbalamezo zimasaka masana usiku.
Kuuluka kwa kadzidzi kumakhala chete ndipo kumawalola kuuluka mwakachetechete kwa mbalame zogona.
Ng'ombe zimadya tizilombo, makoswe, mbalame zazing'ono, agologolo, chipmunks, nsomba. Wogwidwa wamangiriridwa ndi zingwe zakuthwa. Nyama yayikulu imagawidwa ndi mulomo, ndipo imamezedwa pang'ono. Chilichonse chomwe sangathe kugaya timabowo totumphuka.
Ng'ombe zimatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa miyezi yambiri, kuthetsa ludzu lawo ndi magazi a nyama yawo. Koma popanda zosowa zapadera, samachita zotere. Amasowa madzi, osati kumwa, komanso kusambira.
Habitat
Zimbudzi zimakhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, zimapezeka kulikonse: m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi m'mapiri, ndi m'chipululu, komanso m'matanthwe. Zambiri za kadzidzi zimasungidwa m'nkhalango kapena m'malo opanda mitengo, m'malo otentha.
Zingwe zimapangidwa m'miyenje ya mitengo yakale, pansi, m'miyala yamiyala. Ikani mazira 6 mu chisa. Yaikazi imakhala pamazira mpaka masiku 30. Pa nthawi iyi, yamphongo imabweretsa chakudya. Zomwe zimabadwa zili khungu komanso ugonthi. Pakupita milungu ingapo, anapiye amatuluka mumtendere ndikuyang'ana malo ozungulira. Makolo a kadzidzi awo amawasiyanitsa ndi mawu.
Mwina zimakhala zovuta kupeza mbalame zodabwitsa komanso zachilendo monga kadzidzi. Ndi chikhalidwe chawo chachilendo, amakhala pafupi ndi munthu kuyambira kale, komabe chinsinsi kwa anthu. Palibe nthano zambiri ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbalame ngati ndi kadzidzi. Kwa anthu ambiri, kadzidzi ndi chizindikiro cha kutetezedwa ndi Mulungu, matsenga. Amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru, malingaliro achilendo, chomwe ndichifukwa chake kadzidzi ya kristalo ndi chizindikiro cha kalabu ya akatswiri "Chiyani? Kuti? Liti?". Zowonetsera zowonetsera kadzidzi zimakonda kutchuka.
Owls amapezeka m'mabuku ambiri olemba, ntchito zaluso. Chizindikiro cha owl nthawi zonse chimakhala chizindikiro cha nzeru. Ngakhale ku Greece wakale, mbalamezi zidalemekezedwa, ndipo ngakhale mulungu wamkazi Athena mwiniwake adamujambulidwa ndi kadzidzi paphewa. Mpaka pano, izi zithunzi za owow zitha kuwoneka paz ndalama zachi Greek.
Kuphatikiza pa kufunika kwa chikhalidwe, kadzidzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu mumasewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kuwerenga mabuku za kadzidzi, ndidaphunzira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Phunziro kuchokera kudziko lakunja, ndidauza anzanga akusukulu za mbalame yabwinoyi. Ndinapeza zidutswa zambiri, miyambi, nthano komanso nthano za kadzidzi. Phunziro lakuthupi, adapereka masewera onena za kadzidzi, timakonda kwambiri.
Zinsinsi za kadzidzi
Mantha dzuwa lowala.
Usiku - mbalameyi ndi nyama yolusa.
Mwanzeru mbewa imapeza mu udzu.
Tikukamba za (Owl).
Usiku amawona ngati masana.
Tigona:
Osati zabwino - pali mphekesera.
Kodi dzina la mbalame ndi chiyani? . (Owl)!
Amagona masana, amawuluka usiku,
Kukuwopsa, kumawopseza anthu.
M'maso akuda kutentha
Kwa mbewa zonse ndi bingu (Owl).
"Woh, wow, a, usiku wanji!"
Thawani mbewa yanu!
Ndikuwona, ndikumva mumdima -
Chakudya chimapezeka paliponse! ”
Mbalameyi imatembenuza mutu wake
Amawona ngakhale kumbuyo kwake
Monga msuzi, maso awiri ...
Wotsogola uyu ndi (Owl).
Amawoneka usiku.
Tikakumana kuti? -
Wokhala pang'onopang'ono m'nkhalango
Kuyang'anira mbewa zolimba.
Pali mbiri yokhudza iye -
Osagona konse. . (Owl)
Mbalame: makutu pamwamba pamutu,
Ndi mutu waukulu.
Maonekedwe okwiya, mulomo wamphamvu,
Kodi dzina lake ndani? (Owl)
Mphuno za Crochet, maso akulu
Ndi mutu waukulu.
Ndidasankha usiku kumdima
Kusaka .. (Owl)
Masewera a ana aku Guinea
Malamulo a masewerawa:
Ndikwabwino kusewera mu kugwa pamene masamba ambiri agwa m'nkhalango.
Mwana m'modzi ndi kadzidzi, amakhala pansi pa squat, ndipo ena onse ndi mbewa, amam'sambitsa ndi masamba.
Ana amathamangira pamuluwu ndikakopa kadzidzi, yemwe amadzuka ndikuyamba kusuntha.
Kadzidzi kenako kudumpha mwadzidzidzi kuchokera mumulu wamasamba, kufuula "yep-yep" ndikugwira mbewa.
Yemwe wamupeza amakhala kadzidzi wotsatira.
Miyambi ndi zonena za kadzidzi.
- Khungubwi si kodzitchinjiriza.
- Osachepera kupita kumwamba, koma kadzidzi onse sayenera kukhala falcon.
- Dziwani zamkati mwakuuluka, kadzidzi pakukwera.
- Ndi kadzidzi wanji pa chitsa, kutumphuka kwa kadzidzi, ndi chilichonse ndi kadzidzi.
- Kadzidzi adauluka kuchokera kumudzi wofiira, kadzidzi wokhala pamiyendo inayi.
- Owl adadya yekha. Dziwani kadzidzi chifukwa chothawa.
- Kadzidzi sangachite bwino. Kadzidzi ndi mkazi wamasiye wosauka.
- Kadzidzi pafupi ndi nyumbayo amalirira mwana wakhanda.
- Chimawoneka ngati kadzidzi, maso owala.
- Owl ama, mpongozi wamkazi.
- Kadzidzi idzagwa mchikondi, kuposa kukhala wabwinoko. Kadzidzi (nkhandwe) ikugona, koma nkhuku ikuwona.
- Owl za kadzidzi, ndipo aliyense za iye (amasamalira).
Ndimamva chisoni ndikaganizira kadzidzi
Ndimakhala molakwika kwambiri:
Sindine abwenzi ndi kadzidzi; ndimayenda ndekha
Ndipo zimamveka bwanji kuthengo
Ndili ndi magalasi pamphuno yakale
Pa nthambi, kudikirira dzuŵa, kadzidzi akamagona?
Mumawulukira kwa ine, kadzidzi, m'malo otetemera, pomwe pali udzu wofewa,
Kodi mukufuna kudzimangirira mumtsinje?
- Imbani pachabe! Tsopano pali owol ochepa ochepa
Kadzidzi ndi mbalame yankhalango, imawopa anthu.
Koma sindimakhulupirira, ndimayitana kadzidzi wanga wosadziwika.
Ine ndekha nditavala magalasi, sindibisala, ndipanga zibwenzi ndi kadzidzi! (M. Yasnov)
Mbalame yanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi kadzidzi.
Amva zonse, koma ndiwosokonekera ndi mawu.
Akamamva zambiri, amalankhula zochepa.
Ah, ambiri a ife tikuphonya izi!
Kadzidzi kadzaza ndi nkhawa
Osachotsa dimba.
Adayenera kusiya tsopano
Ndipo vundani dzenje,
Koma kadzidzi pang'ono rascal
Aliyense amakhala ndi zovala zonyansa
Mapiko, zotupa,
M'matumba, mbewa idaphunzitsidwa kusambira.
Owl gasps mokweza:
"Kungotulutsa mutu!
Kodi ndikalangize chiyani?
Mawa m'mawa ku kindergarten? "
(N. Golovko)
Masana mu nthambi za shaggy pine,
Pafupi ndi thunthu
Monga mzere wofunda
Khungu lakuthwa likuwomba.
Pamaso a lalanje *
Imvi zimayandikira
"Makutu" ndikung'ungudza kwakutali,
Kuyembekezera moleza mtima usiku.
OLEMBEDWA ZA OWL
Buryat nthano "Bwanji Owl Shaggy"
Kale, kudera lathu kwakhala kuli chilimwe. Kenako kunazizira, ndipo mbalamezo zinayamba kuzirala. Adaganiza zotumiza kadzidzi kukafunafuna malo otentha. Owl adathawa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo atabwerako adati:
-Palibe magawo ofunda kulikonse. Kulikonse padziko lapansi kuli kozizira.
Mbonizo zidakwiya, zibalalike, ndikuganiza zikhala. Ndipo chakhumi chija chinapita ku mliri wa kadzidzi ndikumva kukambirana kwake ndi banja lake:
"Ndapeza malo otentha." Pali chakudya chochuluka. Tonse tikufunika kusoka zovala za ubweya, kuzizira kwambiri panjira. Aloleni akhalebe ...
Gawo lidauza aliyense zomwe adazimva, mbalamezo nthawi yomweyo zidanyamuka ndikuuluka. Koma sanatenge kadzidzi. Anakhalabe yozizira kumpoto zovala za ubweya. Kenako adakula kwa iye. Chifukwa ndi kadzidzi ndi shaggy. Ndipo mbalame sizinakonde kadzidzi kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ndipo zikuthamangitsa gulu lonse.
"Owl" Vitaliy Valentinovich Bianchi
Mdalayo wakhala, akumwa tiyi. Samwa wopanda kanthu, amayeretsa mkaka. Owl amauluka kale.
"Zabwino," akutero, "bwenzi!" Ndipo Mkulu Wakale kwa iye:
"Iwe, Iwe," mutu wosimidwa, makutu otambasulidwa, ndi mphuno ya mphuno. Mukudziphimba nokha ndi dzuwa, anthu akukana - ndine mzanga wamtundu wanji?
“Zabwino,” akutero, “zachikale!” Sindidzawulukira usiku kwa inu kudambo kuti ndikagwire mbewa, ndimadzigwira ndekha. Munthu Wokalamba:
- Mukuganiza choopseza! Tonthani pamene kuli kotetezeka.
Owl adathawa, adakwera mumtondo wa oak, samawuluka kulikonse kuchokera kuphompho.
Usiku wafika. Pa dambo lakale, mbewa zotsalira zimayimba likhweru ndikuyimba:
"Tawonani, amayi, kodi si Okadzidzi akuuluka - mutu wosimidwa, makutu akumamatirira, mphuno zokhala ndi mphuno?"
Mbewa mbewa poyankha:
-Osamaona Owls, osamve za Owls. Lero, tili mlengalenga, pompano.
Makoswe ochokera m'maenje okuta, mbewa zinkadutsa podutsa.
Ndipo Kadzidzi kuchokera kudzenje:
- Ho-ho-ho, Munthu Wakale! Onani, zilibe kanthu kuti zimapezeka bwanji: mbewa, akuti, adapita kukasaka.
“Aloleni apite,” atero Munthu Wakale. - Tiyi, mbewa si mimbulu, sizipha nkhuku.
Makoswe amayendayenda pamtunda, mabubu akuyang'ana, kukumba pansi, mabubu agwidwa.
Ndipo Kadzidzi kuchokera kudzenje:
- Ho-ho-ho, Munthu Wakale! Tawonani, ziribe kanthu momwe zidzakhalire: Mabubu anu onse amwazika.
“Asiyeni ziuluke,” atero Munthu Wakale. - Kugwiritsa ntchito chiyani: uchi, kapena sera - matuza okha.
Chophimbiracho chimayima pang'onopang'ono, mutu wake utakhazikika pansi, ndipo zonyoza, zimawuluka kutali ndi mundawo, osayang'ana pa clover, osavala mungu kuchokera duwa mpaka duwa.
Ndipo Kadzidzi kuchokera kudzenje:
- Ho-ho-ho, Munthu Wakale! Onani, ziribe kanthu kuti zidakwaniritsidwa bwanji: simudzayenera kusintha mungu kuchokera duwa ndikudziyambitsa nokha.
"Mphepo iwomba," atero Munthu Wakale, ndipo amadzipukusa kumbuyo.
Pakudutsa mphepo imayenda, mungu umawaza pansi. Mungu samachokera maluwa ndi maluwa, - clover pathanthwe sangabadwe, izi sizomwe zikutanthauza kuti Munthu wakale.
Ndipo Kadzidzi kuchokera kudzenje:
- Ho-ho-ho, Munthu Wakale! Ng'ombe zako zamphongo, zimapempha kharavani, - imva, udzu, popanda clover, phala lopanda mafuta.
Mkuluyoyo chete, sanena chilichonse.
Ng'ombeyo inali yathanzi ndi clover, Ng'ombeyo idayamba kumva ngati yopyapyala, idayamba kuchepetsa mkaka, swipes idagona, ndipo mkaka ndi woonda komanso wowonda.
Ndipo Kadzidzi kuchokera kudzenje:
- Ho-ho-ho, Munthu Wakale! Ndakuuza: bwera kuno kudzandigwadira.
Mkuluyo adakalipira, koma chinthucho sichingasunthike. Kadzidzi amakhala mu mtengo wathundu, osagwira mbewa.
Makoswe amayenda pang'onopang'ono, zisa za bumblebee zikuyang'ana. Oyimbira amayenda pamakola a anthu ena, koma samayang'ana ngakhale anthu okalamba omwe ali m'malo oterowo.
Clover ku dambo sanabadwe. Ng'ombe yopanda clover ndiyakhungu. Ng'ombe imakhala ndi mkaka pang'ono. Chifukwa chake bambo wachikulireyu alibe chilichonse choti ayeretse tiyi.
Panalibe kalikonse koti Mkuluyu ayeretse tiyi - kuwerama kwa Owl:
- Zabwino, Sovushka ndi mtsikana wathanzi, ndithandizeni pamavuto: panalibe chilichonse, ine wakale, kuti ndipange tiyi.
Ndipo Kadzidzi wochokera kubowo ndi maso a kuyang'anitsitsa, ndi zibangiri za osayankhula.
"Ndizo," akutero, "okalamba." Wochezeka osati wonenepa kwambiri, koma osataya. Mukuganiza kuti ndizosavuta kwa ine popanda mbewa zanu?
Ndikhululukireni Kadzidzi Ya Munthu Wakale, ndikutuluka pakabowo, ndikuuluka kupita kudambo kukanyamula mbewa. Mbewa kubisala mwamantha ndi burrows.
Ziphuphu zodumphira pamtunda, zinayamba kuwuluka kuchokera ku duwa kupita maluwa. Red clover inayamba kutsanulira padambo. Ng'ombeyo inapita kukabisala padayala. Ng'ombe imakhala ndi mkaka wambiri. Mdala adayamba kuyeretsa tiyi wa mkaka, kuyeretsa tiyi - Kuyamika Owl, kuyitanitsa alendo ake, kuwapatsa ulemu.
OGANIZIRA ZA OWL
OWL: ZABODZA NDI MIYAMBO.
Ziweto mwina ndi mbalame zodabwitsa komanso zodabwitsa kwambiri. Moyo wamunthu wobisika usiku, maonekedwe "anzeru", kuwuluka osawoneka bwino, mawu owopsa adakhudza malingaliro amunthu. Owls anali olemekezeka, operekedwa kwa milungu ndi ngwazi, adakhala chizindikiro cha nzeru. Mu nthano zambiri ndi nthano zambiri, owizi amakhala ngati alangizi, mbalame zanzeru, amithenga, onyamula zidziwitso zachilendo. A Slavs amati owl ndi udindo woyang'anira chuma chabisala.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, kadzidzi amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru komanso kudziwa. Mwa Agiriki akale, anali mbalame yopatulika ya mulungu wamkazi wa nzeru Athena (ndiye, kadzidzi wa nyumba). Malinga ndi mwambo wina wachikhristu, kadzidzi amaimira nzeru za Khristu, zomwe zimadziwonetsa mumdima wapamwamba kwambiri.
Amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi amachokera kuzinthu zina zomwe sizingatheke ndi nyama zina. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe anali othandizana nawo a asing'anga ndi ochiritsa. Chifukwa chake, wizard Merlin, wodziwika mu nthano za King Arthur, nthawi zonse adawonetsedwa ndi kadzidzi pamapewa ake. M'mayiko ambiri a ku Africa, kadzidzi amadziwikanso ngati mbalame ya asing'anga ndi asing'anga. Ku Lorraine, anamwali okalawo adapita kutchire ndikupempha kadzidzi kuti akapeze mwamuna.
Kadzidzi mwina ndi "wodziwonetsa" wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa mbalame. Ndipo sikuti amawonetsera zoyipa, monga zimakhulupirira nthawi zambiri. Ku France, amakhulupirira kuti ngati mayi woyembekezera amva kulira kwa kadzidzi, adzabereka mwana wamkazi. Anthu okhala ku South India, atamva kadzidzi "konsati", adawerengera kulira. Ngati wina anifanizira imfa yomwe ikubwera, ndiye kuti awiri - kupambana pankhani yomwe isanayambike posachedwa, atatu - wina m'mabanja akwatirana, asanu - munthu akuyembekezera ulendo, asanu ndi mmodzi - muyenera kuyembekezera alendo, etc.
Pa zikhalidwe zamitundu yambiri ya amwenye aku America, kadzidzi amapanga chidziwitso cha zauzimu, uneneri, komanso mphamvu zamatsenga. Anali chizindikiro chodzitchinjiriza pakati pa Powni, ku Ojibwe - adayimira udindo wapamwamba wa atsogoleri auzimu a fuko, ku Pueblo - ogwirizana ndi milungu yachilendo. Lenapi adakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi wowona m'maloto adakhala mzimu woyang'anira wa munthu.
Mwa amwenye, a Zuni a mayiwo adayika nthenga za kadzidzi pafupi ndi mwana kuti zitheke kugona. Ku Dakota, kadzidzi kalulu amatengedwa kuti ndi mzimu wausungidwe wankhondo wankhondo. M'fuko la Yakama, kadzidzi inali totem. Amwenye Achi Hopi amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi kalulu, yemwe ndi mulungu wa dziko lamkati, amayang'anira zinthu zonse zapansi panthaka, kuphatikiza zinamera. Malinga ndi iwo, chiwombankhanga cha Virginian chinathandiza kukula zipatso. Amwenye a Kwakiutl amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi ndi mizimu ya anthu. Mukapha kadzidzi, munthu amene moyo wake umamwalira. Tlingit wolemekezeka kwambiri. Ankhondo awo anathamangira kunkhondo, akulira ngati kadzidzi. A Nevukes ankakhulupirira kuti anthu olimba mtima komanso abwino pambuyo pa imfa amakhala othandizana nawo.Maulemu a Incas amabwera chifukwa chamaso awo okongola.
Kadzidzi anali kupembedzedwa ndi Iroquois. Amwenye aku California amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi ndi mulungu ndipo amasunga mitengo yayikulu. Mu nthano za anthu ena a ku Central America, Whitaka ndi mkazi wonyengerera, wolondora wamkazi chachonde komanso chonde cha pamunda. Chifukwa cha chidwi chake champhamvu komanso zoledzera, milungu idasandutsa Whitaka kukhala kadzidzi.
Ku Peru, pali zifaniziro za mpeni wopereka mooneka ngati mwezi wakholi, pomwe mutha kuwona mulungu wokhala ndi mlomo wa kadzidzi kapena kadzidzi. Chifukwa chake, chiphiphiritso cha kadzidzi kapena kadzidzi.
Mu chikhalidwe cha Greco-Roman, kadzidzi adayimira nzeru ndipo anali mnzake komanso chikhumbo cha mulungu wamkazi Athena (Minerva). Owl Athene - mbalame yausiku, mbalame yamdima ndi nkhalango. Kadzidzi amapezeka ngati chithunzi cha chithunzi cha Usiku ndi Kugona. Imodzi mwanyumbayi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kadzidzi - Atropos ("mosalephera"), akusokoneza ulusi wamoyo.
Kuchokera pachikhalidwe cha ku Athene kumabwera kadzidzi wanzeru zopeka ndi nthano zaku Europe, ndipo kadzidzi wokhala pampandopo ndi chithunzi cha nzeru.
"Agogo a Snow" ochokera ku banja la kadzidzi
Anthu okhala kumpoto amatcha kadzidzi yoyera kapena polar "mwezi", komanso mbalame zina zowala, komanso ma Yakuts - "agogo a chisanu". Mtundu wa mbalame (mitundu yowala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima) umakhala mtundu wamtundu wakubisala.
Chifukwa chake, mu tundra zone, imatha kusaka mwaulere ndikuuluka kuchokera kumalo ndi malo. Kadzidzi amatulutsa mlomo wakuda ndi maso achikasu owala.
White owl ndiofala ku Europe, North America, kuzilumba za ku Arctic Ocean. Komanso, mbalame zosamukasamuka ndimakhala ku Greenland. Amasamukira kumadera ena (mosasamala), komwe mungapeze chakudya chochulukirapo kapena kukhalako nthawi yakusowa.
Oimira amtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu amadyera kwambiri makoswe ndi mandimu. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizaponso nyama zina: mavu, abakha, nsomba. Amasaka mwa kugwirira mbewa kapena mbalame yaying'ono kuchokera kumtunda pansi. Nthawi yolondolera nyama nthawi zambiri imagwa madzulo kapena m'mawa. Kadzidzi yoyera yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
"Madzulo" mbalame kuchokera m'nkhalango za kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa America
Kadzidzi ya kope yaku Western imatchedwa mosiyanasiyana: kennicotta (polemekeza wolemba chilengedwe kuchokera ku America), mwaulesi, nthawi yamadzulo kapena yaying'ono. Amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso zowuma za kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa America, ndikulinganiza zisa m'maenje. Amakhala moyo wongokhala.
Zowawa zazitali zazitali zimawoneka ngati kadzidzi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe oimira mbalame zodyerazi adatchulidwapo ndi kupezeka kwa nthenga zokhala ndi makutu.
Mosiyana ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi wa buluzi amatha kuzibayira mosavuta, kubisala pakusaka kapena kutetezedwa ndi adani achilengedwe. Maso amaso amtundu wowala wa lalanje (nthawi zina wokhala ndi tint yofiirira) amakhala amodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimawonekera ngati nthano zowopsa za makolo.
Utoto wambiri wowoneka bwino umathandiza mbalamezi kuti zizisangalala. Ozunzidwa (makamaka makoswe) sazizindikira, amatenga kadzidzi chifukwa cha nthambi za mitengo kapena mitengo yoterera. Kusaka poyera, zilombo zolumikizana zimasinthana pakati pa kulanda nyama kuchokera pobisalira ndikuthawa. Kadzidzi yayitali-yared imadziwika chifukwa chakufunika kwachuma, popeza imadyera tizirombo ta mbewu.
Mbalame yamadzulo usiku "
Kadzidzi kamene kali ndi mbalame zotchedwa neotropic kanyama kamene kamagona ndipo kamakhala m'nkhalangozi m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zam'malo otentha. Yogwira ntchito usiku, imagwiritsa ntchito makoswe, mbalame, tizilombo. Amasaka nyama kubisala. Pambuyo podikirira mphindi yoyenera, amathamangira kwa om'gwirawo.
Oimira ma neotropical owot amatha kuzindikira mtundu woyera wa nthenga kuzungulira maso. Mwa achichepere, "magalasi" awa ndi amtundu wakuda, ndipo maula ambiri a muzzle ndi oyera ngati chipale. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pobadwa mtundu wa nthenga za achinyamata azikhala yemweyo ngati wamkulu.
Zowuna zam'madzi zimakhala, makamaka m'maenje a mitengo. Zazikazi zokha zimaswa mazira, ndipo wamwamuna nthawi imeneyi amasamalira chakudya chake. Anapiyewo amaonetsa kudziyimira pawokha atakwanitsa milungu isanu, koma akuluakulu amawabweretsera chakudya pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Moyo wa Virginia Owl
Kadzidzi wakuthengo wa chiwombankhanga kuthengo amapezeka kokha kumpoto ndi South America. Zowonjezera zake zimayang'aniridwa ndi ma toni ofiira, amvi, akuda. Mutha kuzindikira nthumwi ya mtunduwu ndi "makutu" kapena "nyanga" zomwe zimapanga mitolo ya nthenga pamutu.
Mbalamezi zimakhala momasuka m'nkhalango komanso m'madambo, m'malo otetezeka komanso malo olimapo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi munthu wankhanza komanso wosasinthika (makamaka munthawi ya nesting). Nyama ina (kambuku, khwangwala) imatha kuvulaza, kuphatikiza mbalame yamtundu womwewo.
Mtengo wa kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga kwa Virginian pazomwe anthu akuchita ndiwopatsa chidwi. Amathetsa makoswe, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mbewu m'minda.
Pali milandu yodziwika yakusaka kadzidzi wa amphaka amphaka amtchire, omwe, nawonso, adaletsa kuukira kwa nyama zodya nyama izi zomwe zimasungidwa m'madambo pafupi ndi nkhalango. Nthawi yomweyo, musaiwale kuti omwe akukumana ndi anamwaliwo akhoza kukhala anzawo amiyendo inayi aanthu komanso nkhuku.
Ndi chikhalidwe cha kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, kuneneratu kwa nyengo, nthano, malingaliro osamveka ozikidwa pa malingaliro amayiko osiyanasiyana amagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, achisilandi amadziwa kuti kulira kwa nyama yolusa kumeneku kumamveka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda akulu akukhala mnyumba, ndiye kuti kadzidzi waku Virginian amawonetsera imfa yake yomwe ili pafupi.
Zinyama zokhala ndi mbewa zazing'ono kwambiri
Kulemera kwa kadzidzi wopatsirana, komwe ndi kadzidzi kakang'ono kwambiri, kumangokhala 55 g (nthawi zina kumafika 75-80 g), ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 19. Akazi amtunduwu ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna.
Iris ili ndi tint yachikasu. Masipu oyera akuda amapanga mawonekedwe owonetsera muzzle, chifukwa chomwe bundi wasandulika osati nthano chabe pazachikhulupiriro komanso zikhulupiriro, komanso chizindikiro cha nzeru.
Atazindikira nyama, imawuluka mwachangu komanso mwachangu, ikugunda pakati pa zopinga (nthambi zamitengo, tchire). Imagwira tchire kapena mbalame yaying'ono kuposa io, kenako nkubwerera kuchisa chake. M'nyengo yotentha, kadzidzi wodutsa amapanga nyengo yachisanu, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuzizira ndi chipale chofewa sichingatheke kusaka makoswe.
Kuyamba kwa nyengo yakukhwima kumachitika kumayambiriro koyambira, pomwe yamphongo imatcha zazikazi ndi nyimbo yapadera. Akapeza wokwatirana, mbalamezo zimakonzekeretsa chisa choti chiziikira mazira. Kukwatirana kwawo ndi kusamalira anapiye osakidwa kumagona pa kadzidzi, ndipo amphaka amawabweretsera chakudya. Abambo anakulira akuwonetsetsa anapiye koyamba, kuwathandiza pofunafuna nyama komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti ali otetezeka.
Zolemba za kadzidzi wokhala ndi ndevu
Great Grey Owl ndi mbalame yayikulu komanso yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yakuda. Amakhala moyo wongokhala. Mutha kudziwa kuti iyi ndi kadzidzi patsogolo panu chifukwa cha malo amdima pansi pa mulomo wofanana ndi ndevu, komanso maula oyera pakhosi. Mafinya a nthenga, omwe amatchedwa "makutu" kapena "nyanga" kulibe.
Kadzidzi sikuti ndi mtundu wa kadzidzi, komanso dzina lodziwika kwa mbalame zosowa usiku, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zikhalidwe.
Amakhala m'malo a taiga komanso nkhalango zambiri. Kadzidzi amakhala ndi makoswe, komanso mbalame zazing'ono. Imakhala zisa zakasiyidwa pambuyo pa buzi kapena mpanda. Pakukhathamira mazira ndikusamalira ana, kadzidzi amachita zinthu mwankhanza, amalimbana ndi omwe angathe kutitsutsa, kuphatikiza anthu.
Omvera osamva
Barn Owl (wa banja la kadzidzi wa nkhokwe) amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi kupatula kontinenti ya "ice". Ku Russian Federation, mutha kuwona mbalame yamtunduwu mu chilengedwe cha Kaliningrad. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira mtundu wa owls mwa mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima a mawonekedwe a nkhope.
Zakudya za mbalame yodya nyama zimakhala ndi mbewa ndi makoswe ena, tizilombo. Nthawi zina mbalame zina zing'onozing'ono zimatha kukhala nyama.
Barn Owl ali ndi khutu lomvera kwambiri. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha makutu.
Utithandiza kwambiri ngati mumagawana nkhani pagulu locheza komanso ngati. Zikomo chifukwa cha izo.
Tumizani ku njira yathu.
Werengani nkhani zina pa bird House.
Zizindikiro zakunja za kadzidzi wopatsa chidwi
Neotropic owl wochititsa chidwi ndi mbalame yaing'ono komanso yayitali kutalika kwa masentimita 45. Akazi amalemera pafupifupi 800 g, mapiko a 35 cm. Amuna ndi ochepa - mpaka 550 g, mapiko a 30 cm.
Mutu ndi wozungulira, wopanda "makutu". Mtundu wa nthenga zokutira za kadzidzi wowoneka bwino ndi wakuda m'maso mwa thupi, ndipo m'mimba ndi wachikasu. Khosi la kadzidzi limakhala loyera ndipo limakhala ngati kolala, ndipo nthenga zakuda zimayamwa. Kadzidzi zazing'ono zimakhala ndi thupi loyera ndi disc yakuda yakuda.
Maso - akulu, oyang'ana kutsogolo, lalanje wowala. Amapereka masomphenya a stereoscopic, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti ayesedwe mtunda ndi kuwona m'mdima. Ma zala ndi zala zakumwa zimatha kuchirikizidwa kwathunthu ndi nthenga zazonunkhira. Misomali imakhala yotuwa kapena yakuda. Mlomo waufupi ndi sera wachikasu, wokhala ndi tinsalu tachikasu.
Spectacled Neotropic Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata).
Neotropic Spectacled Owl
Kadzidzi wochititsa chidwi amasangalala ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana usiku. Chakudya chake chimakhala ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zazikazi ndi makoswe, nthawi zina tizilombo, ma amphibians ndi ma arthropods apadziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, kadzidzi amakhala nyama zolemera zomwe zimalemera kuposa asaka okhala ndi mbewa ndipo zimalemera 1.5-5 kg, monga phenum ndi skunk.
Kadzidzi wochititsa chidwi amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yowoneka mozungulira maso akufanana ndi magalasi.
Akazi achikulire amatha kupirira ngakhale ndi zolengedwa zazikuluzikulu, monga tulo tating'onoting'ono tolemera 3,5,5,5 kg. Amphaka amathandizidwanso ndi kadzidzi. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimapeza tizilombo pamasamba a mitengo. Nguluwe zowoneka bwino, zikaona nyamayo, ikulumphira pansi, kenako imakwera mwachangu ndi agwidwe omwe agwidwa ndikubwerera kunyumba kwawo.
Nguluwe zowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri zimasaka usiku, koma nthawi zina zimapeza chakudya masana.
Zomwe zimachitika pa kadzidzi wochititsa chidwi
Zowoneka bwino kwambiri za mbalame ndi mbalame zomwe zimangokhala zokha ikamakwana nthawi yakuswana. Amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika komanso amatsatira malo ena oswana.
Zazikazi zimagwira usiku, masana mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala payokha pamitengo.
Nthawi zina, pofuna kupewa kupuma posaka, mitundu ina ya kadzidzi imasakidwa mdera lawo. Mbidzi zowoneka bwino zimabisala masamba owongoka amitengo, yomwe imapendekera pansi, kupatsa chidwi cha adani omwe ali ndi utoto, ndikuwabisanso mdera loona adani. Chifukwa chake, kadzidzi owoneka bwino satha kuzindikira chilengedwe. Nthenga zanthunzi zowuluka zimatsimikizira kuthawa kwakachetechete kosaka. Akafotokozedwe a kadzidzi, akafuna kusaka, choyamba ayang'anire malo omwe amaphunzirirawo, atadumphira kutsogolo, ndipo atangozindikira kuti agwidwa, amachoka kunyumba zawo.
Khalidwe lokhazikika la kadzidzi owoneka bwino
Nthawi yocheza ndi kadzidzi yowoneka bwino imayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yadzuwa komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yonyowa. Nthawi yakuswana, zazikazi zimapumira kukuwa kwa amuna, ofanana ndi likhweru lamphamvu, kudziwitsa mnzake kuti wakonzeka kukhwima. Kukopa wamkazi kuti amange chisa, nthawi zambiri mumtengo wopanda, wamphongo umamupatsa mankhwala. Mpaka pamene wamkazi atenga chakudya, champhongo chimatsala popanda bwenzi.
Zowoneka bwino zodabwitsa zimagwiritsa ntchito mabowo a mitengo popangira nesting.
Palinso njira ina yokopa chidwi: njonda yoyesererayo imafunsira ndikupereka mawu oti ayitane achikazi. Khungu lowoneka bwino ndi mbalame yodontha.
Owl kufuula
Kadzidzi amadziwika kuti ndi "soothsayer" wotchuka kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti kadzidzi amaonetsa zoipa zokha, koma sizinatero. Ku South India, adakhulupirira kuti ngati adafuula kamodzi, imfa ikubwera, ngati awiri, mwayi ukadayamba bizinesi yomwe idayamba, atatu atha kukwatirana, asanu angakhale okayenda, asanu ndi mmodzi amakhala a alendo, ena.
Ku France, amakhulupirira kuti ngati mayi wapakati akamva kufuula kwa kadzidzi, ndiye kuti adzakhala ndi mwana wamkazi. Ku Canada, kulira kwa chiwombankhanga kunaulula nyengo yoyandikira, ndipo kulira kwa kadzidzi ku England kunaonetsa kusintha kwa nyengo.
Ma Owls (ndipo nthawi zina owol osasiyana nawo) pamaimidwe amunthu ali ndi mawonekedwe anzeru olowera, oganiza bwino, oganiza, makamaka popeza zimadziwika kuti amatha kuwona usiku. "Owers, chifukwa cha chibadwa chawo, ndizofunikira kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa amasunga wotchi yawo usiku, chifukwa chake alonda owonera komanso ena omwe ali mgulidwe lomweli, titha kufaniziridwa" (Böckler, 1688). Chitsanzo chofanizira chosakhala ku Europe chotchulidwa pano: "A Chitar Khan adabweretsa kadzidzi wakuda pachikopa chake chagolide, chifukwa mfumu yoyamba ya Chitata, Genghis Khan, adapulumutsa moyo wake kudzera mwa mbalameyi."
Chifukwa choti bundi akubisala mumdima ndikuopa kuwala, wasandulika chizindikiro cha satana, kalonga wamdima. Amati kadzidzi amakhala akupusitsa mbalame zina, kuzikopa kuti zizilowa mumtambo wa mbalame, monga Satana akunyenga anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kadzidzi amaimira kusungulumwa, ndipo m'lingaliro ili ndikuwoneka pazithunzi zosonyeza kupempera kwa hermits. Komabe, kuyambira kalekale anthu amakhulupirira kuti kadzidziyu ndi wanzeru, ndipo kumatanthauza kuti amapezeka pazithunzi za St. Jerome.
Kadzidziyo ilinso ndi tanthauzo linanso momwe limakhalira ngati chofunikira cha Khristu, yemwe adadzipereka yekha kuti apulumutse anthu: “Kuwalitsira iwo okhala mumdima ndi mthunzi wa imfa. ”(Luka 1:79). Izi zikufotokozera za kupezeka kwa kadzidzi pamtengo wopachikidwa.
Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo? Tumizani ku siteshoni kuti mupitirizebe kuphunzira zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri
Kupangidwanso kwa zowoneka bwino za neotropic
Zowoneka zowoneka bwino zimadziwika ngati zisa zopanda kanthu; sizimamanga zisa monga mbalame zambiri zimachitira. M'malo mwake, amapeza dzenje la mtengowo ndikuwugwiritsa ntchito ngati chisa kuteteza mazira ndi ana nthawi ya chisa. Kadzidzi wochititsa chidwi amaikira mazira awiri oyera, omwe amadzinjiriza milungu isanu. Mbalame zonsezo, zimatsalira chisa pamazira, pomwe kholo limodzi likufuna chakudya.
Achinyamata okhala ndi vuto lalikulu amatha kukhala ndi ufulu pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
Nthochi zimamasulidwa ku zisa la mazira pogwiritsa ntchito dzino lapadera la dzira. Pambuyo popita maula, nthawi zambiri amachoka chisa ndikufufuza nthambi zozungulira mtengowo, ngakhale sakudziwa kuuluka. Nthawi zonse amabwerera kubowo nthawi yakakwana kuti idye. Ng'ono zazing'ono zimadalira makolo awo kwa pafupifupi chaka, kufikira atakwanira kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala kadzidzi m'modzi yekha.
Nguluwe zooneka bwino zimadutsa m'njira zingapo zosungunula, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi zaka zitatu, mpaka anapiyewo atakutidwa ndi nthenga zazikulu. Paukapolo, kusungunuka kumatha pafupifupi zaka 5. Kuyesera koyamba kuwuluka mumlengalenga tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timapanga zaka ziwiri zokha. Komabe, mbalame zimatha kuuluka zenizeni pokhapokha molting ikamalizidwa. Zowala zowoneka bwino ndizitha kubereka, mpaka zaka 3-5. Kuthengo, amakhala zaka 35, ali mu ukapolo mochepera - zaka 25-30.
Udindo wa kadzidzi wochititsa chidwi mu zachilengedwe
Neotropic owl owoneka modabwitsa ndizofunikira zowongolera za kuchuluka kwa makoswe ndi tizilombo ta chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezo ndizo chakudya cha nyama zina zazikuluzikulu.
Onse aimuna ndi achikazi amatenga nawo mbali pantchito yakulera ya anapiye, komabe, wamkazi ndiwofunika kwambiri.
Mkhalidwe wotetezedwa wa owoneka
Kadzidzi owoneka bwino kwambiri adalembedwa mu CITES Zowonjezera II, ngakhale sanalembe pa mndandanda wa IUCN.
Pali chiwopsezo chakuchepa kwa chiwongola dzanja chochulukirapo chifukwa kuchepetsedwa kwa malo a nkhalango zotentha kwa mbewu zaulimi komanso chitukuko cha malonda a nkhalango. Pakadali pano, akuyesera kuti apulumutse kadzidzi wowoneka bwino.Akatswiri ambiri a ornithologist amaberekera mbalame zakundendazo ndikuzimasulira kuthengo.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.