Bakha wophatikizika wokhala ndi mawonekedwe kumbuyo kwake kwa mutu ndi chingwe choyera pamapiko. Kuyerekeza kugonana kumanenedwa: wamphongo ndi wakuda ndi woyera, wokhala ndi lingaliro lalitali, loyenda, wamkazi wa bulauni wopanda mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso malo owala pamunsi pa mulomo (nthawi zina sasowa).

Kufalitsa. Osamukira, m'malo ena amakhazikika. Zimapezeka ku Central ndi Northern Eurasia, ku Europe kugawa sikosiyana, kotalikirana, makamaka pakatikati pake. Nyengo zakumwera kum'mwera kwa North Africa ndi Middle East. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ku Italy nyengo yachisanu (awiri 6-16,000 amalembedwa chaka chilichonse), zisa m'malo ena komanso ochepa ochepa (a 5-15 awiri).

Habitat. Imakhala ndi madzi abwino komanso opanda mitsinje, yokhala ndi masamba am'madzi ambiri m'mphepete, apakati kuya, komanso malo otseguka bwino amadzi. Kugundika kwakuda kumatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi malo osungira nyama komanso m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono opaka m'mizinda;

Biology. Kuyambira mu Meyi, pakati pa masamba otsika, imamanga chisa, pomwe imayikira mazira 8-11. Kwa pafupifupi masiku 25, wamkazi amawalowetsa. Anapiyewo amachoka chisa msanga, pomwepo, amakhala pamapiko patatha masiku 45-50 atabadwa. Maboni amodzi pachaka. Nthawi zina chimakhala m'magulu, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza ndi nkhwangwa ndi ma tern.

Chochititsa chidwi. M'nyengo yozizira, imapanga magulu akulu a ng'ombe, nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka m'madziwe amtunda limodzi ndi abakha am'nyumba.

Mitundu yofananira. Marine amdima (Aythya marila) zisa ku North Eurasia ndi North America, zimatha nyengo yozizira kum'mwera kwake. Anthu 200-400 nthawi zambiri amauluka kupita ku Italiya (mu 1970, mpaka anthu 2,000).

Cweded nyeusi (Aythya fuligula)

Zizindikiro zakunja kwa wakuda waku Australia.

Mtundu wakuda waku Australia uli ndi kukula pafupifupi masentimita 49, mapiko kuyambira 65 mpaka 70 cm.Ulemera: 900 - 1100 g. Mlomo wamphongo wamwamuna 38 - 43 mm, kwa mkazi 36 - 41 mm.

Australia wakuda (Aythya australis)

Bakha uyu - wogulitsa, anthu amderali nthawi zina amatchedwa "bakha ndi maso oyera." Izi ndizofunikira kudziwa mtunduwu. Zowoneka zazimuna zimafanana ndi utoto wa nthenga za mitundu ina ya bakha, koma mzere wakuda waku Australia kuchokera pamlomo ndi womveka bwino. Zowonjezerazo ndi zofiirira kuposa mitundu yofananira.

Nthenga pamutu, khosi komanso thupi ndi zofiirira zakuda - mgoza. Mbali zake ndi zofiirira, kumbuyo ndi mchira zakuda, kusiyana ndi mchira ndi nthenga mkati mwa m'mimba, zomwe zimakhala zoyera. Mapikisidwe ali pansi ali oyera ndi malire ofunda.

Mlomo ndi imvi yakuda, yokhala ndi imvi yotuwa - mzere wabuluu. Mapazi ndi miyendo yake ndi zofiirira, misomali ndi yakuda. Mlomo wake ndiwotalikirapo, wofupikirapo, wosanjikizika bwino, umakulirakulira pang'ono ndipo umakhala pang'ono. Pa chisoti chachifumu pamakhala nthenga zazitali, zomwe zimakwezedwa munsi mwa cholengedwa cholimba. Mu Drak wamkulu, wokhulupirira amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 3 cm; mwa wachikulire wamkazi, ndi wamfupi. Mbalame zazing'ono zilibe kuluka. Pali nthenga khumi ndi zinayi.

Zambiri zazikazi ndizofanana ndi zamphongo, koma zimakhala zofiirira komanso zowoneka bwino. Maso amasozi ndi zofiirira. Chingwe chomwe chili pamlomo wayandikira. Mkazi ndi wocheperako kuposa mnzake. Mwinanso pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazaka zamkati mosiyanasiyana kwakanthawi kosungunuka. Akazi akuda amapaka utoto ngati wachikazi, koma opepuka, otuwa, chikasu ndimdima, malo.

Makamu a wakuda waku Australia.

Mdima wakuda waku Australia umapezeka m'madzi akuya okhala ndi malo akulu kwambiri, ndipo madzi ndi ozizira kwambiri. Bakha amathanso kuwonedwa m'madambo okhala ndi masamba ambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi amayendera malo odyetserako ziweto komanso malo abwino oti adyetse.

Pa nthawi ya kubereka, amapezeka m'madziwe, m'madzi othandizira zonyansa, m'madamu, m'madzi, m'malo amphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amapita kunyanja zamapiri zomwe zili pamalo okwera mamita 1,150 kumtunda kwa nyanja, monga nyanja za East Timor.

Khalidwe la wakuda waku Australia.

Akuda a ku Australia ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala makamaka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zina zimakhala masango akuluakulu omwe amakhala masauzande a anthu nthawi ya chilimwe.

Vapors amapangidwa mwachangu kwambiri, madzi akakwera pomwe amapezeka bwino.

Ma demos akuda aku Australia samasamba kwenikweni, chifukwa chosiyana kwambiri ndi mvula.

Mabakha amtunduwu ndi amanyazi kwambiri komanso osamala kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yokhudzana ndi mtunduwu, akuda ku Australia amatha kuchoka mwachangu ndikuchoka mwachangu, womwe ndi mwayi wofunikira mukamaopsezedwa ndi omwe amadyera: makoswe akuda, mikanda yasiliva, mbalame zodyedwa. Kuti apulumuke, abakha amafunika maiwe opezeka ndi madzi okwanira kudyetsa, kulowa m'madzi. Abakha akasambira, amakhala pansi mokwanira m'madzi, ndipo akamizidwa, amatha kumtunda kokha kumbuyo kwa matupi awo ndi mchira wawo womata. Pamaso pa malo osungira okhazikika, akuda aku Australia amakhala moyo wongokhala. Koma nthawi yayitali chilala, amakakamizidwa kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, kusiya malo okhala okhazikika. Kunja kwa nyengo yakuswana, akuda aku Australia ndi mbalame zopanda phokoso. Nthawi yakukhwima, yamphongo imatulutsa mendulo. Yaikaziyo imasiyana ndi mnzake pomasulira mawu, imapanga mtundu wa phokoso ndipo imapatsa mawu osokosera akakhala mlengalenga.

Zakudya Zakudya zaku Australia.

Akuda a ku Australia amadya kwambiri pazakudya zam'mera. Amadya njere, maluwa, ndi magawo ena a mbewu, ma sedage, ndi udzu wapafupi ndi madzi. Abakha amadyanso ma invertebrates, mollusks, crustaceans, tizilombo. Gwira nsomba zazing'ono. Mdziko la Victoria kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa dziko la Australia, akuda aku Australia amathera 15% ya nthawi yawo akutola chakudya ndipo pafupifupi 43% amakhala patchuthi. Ambiri mwa nyama, 95% amatengedwa ndikunyamula ndipo ndi 5% yokha ya chakudya yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa pamadzi.

Kubalanso ndi kumanga zisa zakuda zaku Australia.

Nthawi yoswana imangirizidwa ndi mvula. Monga lamulo, zimachitika mu Okutobala-Disembala kum'mwera chakum'mawa, ndipo mu Seputembala - Disembala ku South Wales yatsopano. Bakha amapanga awiriawiri. Komabe, nthawi zina maanja amakhalapo kwa nyengo imodzi, kenako nkulekana, mitala imawonedwa.

Akazi akuda aku Australia amakhala payokha m'madambo omwe amakula ndi mabango ndi matope.

Chidacho chili pamphepete mwa dambo kapena pachilumba chobisidwa bwino mumizere yowuma. Amapangidwa kuchokera kumadzi am'madzi kapena pafupi ndi madzi. Imawoneka ngati nsanja yokutidwa ndi pansi.

Clutch ili ndi mazira 9 - 13 oyera - zonona. Nthawi zina, chisa chimakhala ndi mazira 18, omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha chisa cham'mimba ndipo amayikidwa ndi abakha ena. Mazira ndi okulirapo, pafupifupi 5 - 6 cm ndipo akulemera pafupifupi magalamu 50. Akazi okha ndi omwe amakhala m'masiku 25 mpaka 27. Ming'alu imawoneka, yokutidwa ndi kuwala pansi pamtundu wakuda komanso utoto wachikasu pansipa, kamvekedwe kokhala kutsogolo kwa thupi. Amakula mwachangu, amalemera kuchokera ku 21 mpaka 40 magalamu. Bakha achikulire amayendetsa ana kwa nthawi yayitali. Palibe ziwerengero pa kutalika kwa abakha akuluakulu.

Makhalidwe a wakuda waku Australia.

Akuda a ku Australia saopsezedwa makamaka ndi manambala. Ngakhale panali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa abakha m'zaka za zana lino, koma kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka zatsopanozi, zomwe zikuwopseza kwambiri sizinasinthe, chiwerengerochi chimakhala chokhazikika ndipo chikuchokera ku 200,000 mpaka 700,000 anthu. Madera ozungulira kwambiri akuda aku Australia amapezeka kuzungulira nyanja kunyanja komanso kumadzulo kwa Queensland. Ku Australia, malo ofunikira kwambiri omwe abakha amakumana amapezeka kuzungulira nyanja nthawi yachilala. Msambo wa Mandora ku South Australia ndi malo omwe abakha amasonkhana popanda mvula. Chiwerengero cha mbalame ku Tasmania ndizokhazikika. Kunja kwa Australia, kufalikira kwa zakuda zaku Australia ndikosowa kwambiri ku New Zealand ndi New Guinea. Pali chiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa malo okhala chifukwa chotaya zinyalala m'malo operekera zakuda zaku Australia.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Mawonekedwe

Bakha wamtchire amakhudzana kwambiri ndi madzi, izi zikuwonekera ndi zizolowezi zawo, chikhalidwe chawo komanso kapangidwe kawo. Mapiko a mbalameyi ndioyenera ndege zocheperako zokha, sizotalikirana komanso zazifupi. Mawonekedwe akewo ndi mapiko oyenera kutsamira, komanso kapangidwe ka miyendo, zala zitatu zakumaso zomwe zolumikizidwa ndi ziwalo zosambira.

Banja la bakha siliri lalikulu makamaka, kulemera kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera ku 500 mpaka 2000 g.

Mwa mitundu yambiri, zithunzi zakugonana mu maula zimatchulidwa, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri popanga awiriawiri - m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika. Pambuyo molting, amuna amakhala ngati akazi. Mu ma drakes ndi akazi amodzi, kusungunuka kumakhala kwakukulu - mbalameyo imalephera kuuluka kwakanthawi, kutaya nthenga ndi nthenga zonse. Akazi omwe ali ndi ana, kuyereketsa kumayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo sikumawalepheretsa kuuluka, koma kumayamba pokhapokha pakubadwa kwa abakha.

Ndege

Bakha ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka zikudya. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, kumakhala kovuta kupeza chakudya ndipo mbalame, posaka chakudya, zimachotsedwa mnyumba zawo ndikuyamba kusamuka, kulowera kumwera. Pakumalizira, ziweto zimapita kwawo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti abakha omwe amakhala ku equator komanso kum'mwera kwakum'mwera nawonso amasamukira, kuthawa chilala ndi kutentha.

Ndege zimayamba pambuyo pa kukula kwa achinyamata kumapiko, kwatalika komanso kukonzekera kuyenda maulendo ataliitali. Panthawi yothawa, gulu limasunthira kumbuyo kwa mtsogoleriyo, molongosoka. Njira zosamukira zimadutsa malo okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka.

Cholinga chakusaka

Pa gawo la Russia ndi CIS pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abakha (pafupifupi makumi anayi). Pafupifupi mitundu makumi atatu ili ponseponse, mitundu iyi ya abakha atchire ndi chinthu chosaka malonda ndi masewera.

Mbalame ya banja la bakha imakhala nyama yolanda osaka osati chifukwa cha nyama. Bakha wamba wamba, mwachitsanzo, amawerengera pansi. Mazira a pegans ndi gogol amatuta m'madera ena, ndipo ma tangerine owala amawalipira zokongoletsera.

Maonedwe amtsinje

Mitundu ya mumtsinje wa abakha imakhazikika pamadzi ndi mchira wokwezedwa pamwamba pamadzi. Pofufuza chakudya, samadzimadzi, koma amangolowa pakati madzi, ndikusiya mchira wawo pamwamba pamadzi. Chotsani pafupi vertically, osanyamuka. Kuuluka, kusiyana ndi ma dives kumawonekera kwambiri chifukwa cha khosi lalitali, mchira ndi mapiko. Khalani mu paketi sichisamalidwa nthawi zambiri.

Shirokonoska

Imagawidwa ndi mulomo wowuma ngati fosholo. Imawuluka pang'ono pang'ono komanso pang'ono, ndikugwetsa mutu wake pansi. Ma drake ndi okongola kwambiri: mozungulira kumbuyo kwa bere loyera, mutu wobiriwira wakuda ndi khosi ndikuyimirira, mbali ndi m'mimba zimakhala zofiira. Mapiko amaso abuluu ndi "kalilole" wobiriwira. Zachikazi ndi zopweteka. Matenda a mbalame mu lalanje owala. Amaonedwa kuti ndi osasangalatsa kwambiri amitundu yonse yam'mitsinje.

Mallard

Bakha wamtchire ndiwodziwika kwa asaka onse, ndiye mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamtsinje. Chapakatikati, dokotalayo amakhala ndi mutu wobiriwira wa emerald, kolala yoyera, bere la bulauni komanso thupi la imvi. Wamphongo ndi wopepuka kuposa wamkazi. Miyendo yaku Mallard ndi lalanje, mlomo wachikasu. Amuna amakhala ndi khosi lalitali, mutu wawo umakwezeka.

Mallard wakuda

Malo amenewa ndi kumwera kwa Far East ndi Siberia. Zosiyanasiyana sizisiyana ndi bakha wamba. Chachilendo chake ndikuti ma drakes sasiyana ndi achikazi, chifukwa alibe mtundu wokomera. Amawoneka ndi milomo yakuda wokhala ndi mawalo achikaso pamwamba. Mukuuluka, mawanga oyera pamapiko amawoneka bwino.

Pintail

Bakha wamkulu, amuna ndi akulu kuposa zazikazi, wokhala ndi khosi lalitali ndi mchira, wofanana ndi awl, chifukwa chake mbalameyo idatchedwa dzina. Kumbuyo ndi mutu ndi zofiirira. Makosi ena onse, khosi lozungulira komanso loyera ndiloyera. Wamkazi ndi imvi.

Lizani Mluzu

Bakha wamtali ndiye wocheperako pakati pa abakha amtsinje. Wamphongo amakhala ndi mutu wofiirira wokhala ndi mkanda wobiriwira kutalika kuchokera kumaso mpaka kumbuyo. Wamkazi ndi imvi. Madzulo, champhongo chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi chingwe choyera paphewa ndi gawo loyera la mchira pakati kumapeto kwa mchira ndi pamimba.

Nyani wam'madzi kapena wopanda mphuno

Habitat - Central Asia komanso gombe la Caspian Sea. Avereji yolemera 500 gr. Ziwandazo ndi zofiirira, zonenepa pamimba, zomwezo mwa akazi ndi amuna. Mlomo ndi imvi, miyendo ndi yofiirira. Yaimuna imasiyanitsidwa ndi kalenje kakang'ono kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi malo owala kuzungulira maso. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala pamitengo ya tchire ndi mitengo yomwe imamera pafupi ndi madzi, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mbuluzi.

Bakha wonenepa

Mbalameyi ndi yokulirapo kuposa tala, imvi. Yaimuna imasiyana ndi yaikazi yomwe imakhala ndi mapiko osalala komanso zowuluka zambiri. Chovala chokomacho champhongo: mutu wofiyira, kumera kumaso kuchokera kumaso mpaka kumbuyo. Yaikazi imakhala ndi mulomo wawutali wokhala ndi malo oyera pambali. Mumdima, kunjenjemera kumatha kusiyanitsidwa kuchokera kwa wamkazi mwa kukweza mutu wake pafupipafupi komanso kumveka kaphokoso.

Sviyaz

Mbalameyi ndi yapakatikati kukula ndipo imawonekerapo ndi mimba yoyera komanso mkamwa wamfupi. Mutu wakuvina uku ndi wofiyira, pamphumi pake ndimtambo wachikasu, chifuwa ndicofiyira. Svazi yachikazi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi bakha imvi, yosiyana ndi iyo mu "magalasi" amdima pamapiko ake.

Drake amapanga mawu akuthwa, ngati mzungu, ndipo mawu achikazi ali ngati kakhola.

Killer whale

Malo omwe amakhala ndi Far East, Eastern Siberia ndi Kamchatka. Kulemera kwapakati - 800 gr. Whale wakupha amakhala ndi mlomo wakuda, miyendo imvi yokhala ndi nembanemba yakuda. Chachikazi chimafanana ndi bakha wopenga, wosiyana ndi mitundu ya miyendo ndi mulomo. Wamphongo amatha kukhala ndi "magalasi" owoneka bwino pamapiko ake ngakhale m'chilimwe. Liwu limatikumbutsa za Curlew.

Merganser

Mtunduwu umakhala m'malo a nkhalango. Kulemera kumafika kilogalamu ziwiri. Pamutu pali nthenga zazitali zikupanga chigulu chambiri mwa mkazi. "Zoonera" ndi zoyera, mulomo ndi wofiyira, miyendo ndi lalanje. M'chilimwe, champhongo chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zoyera pamapiko. Mbalame yowuluka ikawuluka mapiko ake, imamveka ngati mzungu.

Scaly Merganser

Mtundu wachilendo womwe umapezeka kumwera kokha kwa Far East. Kunja kofanana ndi sing'anga merganser. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kocheperako, mlomo wa imvi komanso kutumphuka kwakukulu, wopanga akazi. M'chilimwe, mawanga oyera amakhalabe pamtunda wamphongo.

Kusambira

Bakha subfamily ali ndi gulu - abakha. Iwo adapeza dzina lawo njira yopezera chakudya - pogwiritsa ntchito kulumphira m'madzi. Bakha wakumpoto uyu amakhala ku North Hemisphere, ndipo kuli anthu ambiri ku North America. Bakha woyendetsa pansi amagawika m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana: bulu wa mabulosi, ma dive, akuda ndi abakha ometa mutu. Mitundu yonse, kupatula ma teals, ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino pamawonekedwe.

Nyani wam'madzi

Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 600 g. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna ali ndi utoto wofanana. Ziwandazo ndi zofiirira komanso zowala. Mbalame ikakhala pamadzi, mchira wake umadzuka. Tambala ta Marble timalowa pansi kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina timangokhala pamitengo. Kwa moyo, maiwe okhala ndi mabango ndi zitsamba m'mphepete mwa magombe amasankhidwa. Habitat - Russia, India, Asia, Spain.

Dives

Bakha bakha ndiwakukulu kukula, ali ndi khosi yofupikitsidwa komanso mutu waukulu. Imayenda pamadzi ochepa, kudyetsa, makamaka kutsamira. Bakha yaying'ono bakha, pafupifupi kulemera - 900 gr. Chikazi chimawoneka ngati bakha wa imvi, champhongo chimakhala ndi mutu wowala komanso chifuwa chowala. Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi komanso owala kwambiri. Bakha wamagetsi ofiira, obowola-ofiira ndi mapepala amawonekera.

Habitat - kotentha nyengo, makamaka taiga ndi nkhalango-Russia.

Cherneti

Ziphuphu zakunja zimafanana ndi mbawala, izi zimatha kuwoneka mu dzina la mitundu ina. Mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mutu waukulu pakhosi lalifupi. Mlomo wakuda ndi wa imvi kapena wakuda, miyendo yokhala ndi zikopa zolimba, imvi zakuda. Mapulogalamu onse amakhala ndi chingwe chowala pamapiko. Anthu akuda samapita kumtunda; nthawi yambiri amakhala m'madzi. Akasambira, amatha kulowa pansi theka kapena kwathunthu.

Mitundu isanu ikupezeka ku Russia: chakuda cham'madzi, chotumbuluka, chamutu-chofiira, cham'maso komanso chamaso oyera. Span ku Russia ndi madzi aku America.

Mitundu yochulukirapo: yokhala ndi mutu wautali wokhala ndi timiyala tambiri, Madagascar, nyanja yaku Australia, nyanja zazing'ono, New Zealand ndi zakuda.

Mawu a Mallard

Liwu la mkazi - kvachka (kuitana) - ndiwofatsa, likusinthana ndi kupumira kwakanthawi, kuyerekezera. Pakumva yankho kapena kuwona kuyimba kukuwuluka, bakha kuchokera pamtunduwo amapitilira kulira mpaka panjira - maulendo angapo akutsatirana mosapumira.

M'malo mochita kunjenjemera, yamphongo imakhala ndi mawu oti "shaaak" kapena "shyaaaark".

Mukakhala pachibwenzi ndi akazi, madokotalawo amatulutsa mluzu wapamwamba koma mokweza mothandizidwa ndi syringx - mafupa kumapeto kwa trachea.

Teal Cracker

Teal Crack ndi bakha yaying'ono pafupi ndi chisa chachikulu chala. Kutalika 34-31, masentimita, mapiko 63-69 masentimita, kulemera 290-480 g.

Wamphongo amene wavala zovala zodzikongoletsa amasiyanitsidwa ndi lingwe loyera pamwamba pamaso pankhope ya mutu. Pamwamba pamutu pali zofiirira zakuda, mbali za mutu, chifuwa ndi khosi zimakhala zofiirira zofiirira zokhala ndi milozo yoyera yayitali. Pamwamba pake pali maolivi akuda amtundu wokhala ndi nthenga zopepuka, mchira wake ndi bulawuni. Mbali za thupilo zimachita imvi ndi mawonekedwe amtambo wakuda, m'mimba ndi mkati mwake muli zoyera ndi timiyala tosiyanasiyana. Mapiko okutira ndi a buluu wabuluu, mapiko oyambira oyerawo ali amaso otuwa, galasi ali wobiriwira, wowala pang'ono, ali ndi malire oyera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kudzera pa kalilole, bakha amatha kuzindikira kuwuluka - akufanana ndi kalilole wamaso akulu, koma amasiyana ndi mzungu. Imwani pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, imvi yakuda. Utawaleza ndi wodera, miyendo ndi imvi.

Nthenga za chilimwe, zamphongo zimawoneka ngati zazikazi, pomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonedwe amtundu wamtambo wamtambo kumapiko ngati kasupe. Zachikazi sizisintha zovala - pachaka chonsecho chimakhala chofiirira chakuda pamutu ndipo zimayera ndi matalala amdima pansi. Kuchokera m'mabatani ena, bakha wolowayo amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kiyuni yoyera ndi khosi, komanso ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yowala yomwe imadutsa pamunsi pa mulomo kudzera m'maso kumbuyo. Achichepere, mosaganizira jenda, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi chachikulire chachikazi: chimasungidwa ndi mabere a redder ndi mmbali, komanso mawonekedwe osiyana pamimba.

Kuuluka sikudekha, koma kuthamanga komanso kosavuta kuyendetsa. Amachoka pafupifupi osapumira. Kuyala pamadzi ndikosavuta, mwina kosatheka.

Teal Kloktun

Teal Kloktun, kapena Kloktun, ndi mbalame yochokera kubanja la abakha, okhawo omwe ali m'gulu la Sibirionetta, Mitundu yosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi, yolembedwa mu Red Book of IUCN ndi Russia. Teal Kloktun amakonda madziwe osaya ndi dziwe lopanda madzi. Kloktun amabzala ku North Asia kuchokera ku Taimyr kupita ku Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Zikuoneka kuti ku Sakhalin kuli chisa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha teal-cloktun, chotseka cha bakha uyu m'malo tsopano chang'ambika ndipo sichikhala chosagwirizana. Adadzitchinjiriza ku Japan, koma lero unyinji wa kloktunov udapita ku South Korea.

Pafupi ndi whist, koma zokulirapo, zazikulu. Drake ili ndi nsana wa bulauni wokhala ndi zodera zazitali zakuda ndi zoyera-zoduwa zodera kumbali imvi, phokoso lakuda, chifuwa choyera, chifuwa chokhala ndi mawanga osakhazikika, opatulidwa kumbali ndi mikwingwirima yoyera. Pamutu pali mawonekedwe okongola ovuta, amtundu wobiriwira, wonyezimira, minda yoyera ndi mizere. Bill ndi iris ndi akuda, miyendo ndi yofiirira. Chachikazi chimafanana ndi likhweru lachikazi, koma chili ndi malo owala kumbuyo kwa mulomo.

Liwu La Gulu

Kufuula kofala kwambiri kwamphongo ndi whistle-glissando yosalala yofananira, yomwe imayerekezeredwa ndi kufinya kwa zoseweretsa zam'miyendo ndikumazipereka ngati "whi-y ...", "vvu ..." kapena "pih ...". Nthawi yakukhwima amayamba kuimba mluzu wamphamvu, ngati "svvIirru ..." kapena "frrIirru". Akazi amayankha modzitchinjiriza, otsika kwambiri "krrrr ... krrrr", ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa akazi akuda.

Gogol

Gogi wamba ndi mbalame ya banja la bakha, bakha wolumphira pakati. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana mumiyala ya m'mphepete mwa dziwe; mu nthawi yoswana, imasungidwa pamiyendo, mu clutch pali mazira 5 mpaka 13 omwe ali ndi mtundu wonyezimira.

Bakha wa Chunky wokhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso khosi lalifupi. Kutalika kwa 42-50 cm, mapiko a 65-80 masentimita, amuna kulemera kwa 750-1245 g, akazi kulemera kwa 500-1182 g. Korona amawoneka pang'ono ndikuwunikidwa, chifukwa cha momwe mawonekedwe ammutu amatengera mawonekedwe a makona atatu. Mlomo ndi waufupi komanso wokwera m'munsi, wokhala ndi marigine yopapatiza. Wamphongo wavalidwe laukwati ali ndi mutu wakuda wokhala ndi chitsulo chobiriwira, malo oyera oyera kuzungulira pansi pa diso pamunsi pa mulomo. Utawaleza wachikasu, mlomo wakuda. Pachifuwa, m'mimba ndi mbali zabwino zoyera, pamapewa okhala ndi pigt yakuda ndi yoyera. Ambiri am'mbuyo ndi mchira wake ndi wakuda. Mapiko ake ndi a bulauni, kupatula "kalilole" wamkulu pamapiko achiwiri, kunsi kwa mapikowo ndi kdima. Miyendo ndi lalanje yokhala ndi nembanemba yakuda, kuphatikiza nembanemba kumbuyo kwa chala chakumaso.

Yaikazi imawoneka yosiyana kwambiri, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi za bulauni. Mutu ndi woderapo ndi kolala yoyera yoyera. Utawaleza ndi wachikaso kapena choyera, mlomo ndi imvi, ndipo imakonda kukhala ndi lalanje kapena lalanje kumtunda. Thupi lakumwambalo ndi laimvi lotuwa, loyera lakuda. Pamwamba pa mapikowo pali sopo wakuda, wokhala ndi galasi loyera ngati laimuna. Kuphatikiza apo, pamwamba pa kalilole pazophimba pali mikwingwirima ina iwiri yoyera. Miyendo imazimiririka poyerekeza ndi amuna - achikasu kwambiri kuposa lalanje. Mukuvala kwachilimwe, champhongo chimakhala chofanana ndi chachikazi, komabe, chimasunga mapiko awo ndi malo amodzi, osati atatu, owala. Mbalame zazing'ono pafupifupi sizimasiyana ndi zazikazi zazikulu, koma zimakhala ndi iris.

Mawu a Gogol

Panthawi yowonetsera, matupi aimphona amaponya kuboola kwa "bi bizz, modabwitsa", nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kakhwawa kouma komanso ofanana ndi kufinya kwa hare. Akazi amayankha ndi "burrr-burrr", nthawi zambiri pa ntchentche - mawu ofanana amapangidwa ndi akuda. Kuphatikiza pa liwu, gogol imatha kumveka ndi kulira kwamphamvu kwa mapiko akuchimuna akuuluka. Kuomba mluzu kumadziwika ndi abakha ambiri, koma gogol yokha ndi yomwe imamveka bwino.

Moto

Bakha wonyezimira kapena ofiira ndi amodzi mwa abakha omwe amadziwika kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha mtundu wofiyira wowoneka bwino, nthumwi yamadzi ya abakha, yofanana ndi ngale.

Mbalame yayitali, yayitaliyi yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, khosi lalitali, mlomo wamfupi komanso mapangidwe osowa a mapiko osalala otumphuka amawoneka ngati tsekwe yaying'ono kuposa abakha wamba. Kukula kwake ndi kufanana kwake ndi kofanana ndi kwa anyani: kutalika kwa 61-67 masentimita, mapiko 121-1145 masentimita, kulemera kwa 1000-1600 g. Zowonjezera zambiri za thupi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri pakhungu, zimasanduka zoyera pamutu ndi khosi. Nthenga, misomali, ndi mchira wake ndi zakuda, muzochitika ziwiri zomalizazi ndi tint yobiriwira. M'madera akumtunda komanso otsika kwa mapiko, zotchingira zimakhala ndi malo akulu oyera omwe amawoneka bwino mu mbalame yowuluka. Pamaso pamphepete mwa kakang'ono kowuluka pali malo obiriwira - otchedwa "kalilole". Utawaleza, mlomo ndi miyendo zakuda. Pali mano osachepera, osowa komanso akulu m'mphepete mwa mlomo ndi mulomo.

Povala zovala zokomera, zamphongo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa "kolala" wakuda wakuda kumtunda kwa khosi, ndipo wamkazi, nayenso, wokhala ndi nthenga zopepuka, pafupifupi zoyera kumaso. Kupanda kutero, kusintha kwakanthawi kwamankhwala onse abambo sikunafotokozeredwe, kupatula kuti zowoneka bwino zamankhwala amphongo zimangokhala zosalimba. Mbalame zazing'ono ndi zofanana ndi zazikazi zazikazi, koma pomuyerekeza ndi iye zimawonekera kwambiri, zokhala ndi mapiko osati imvi kuposa zoyera.

Mawu a ogre

Kufuula kwa chaka chimodzi. Imakhala ndi mawu, monga momwe mbalameyo imatha kufananizidwa ndi liwu la tsekwe waku Canada kapenanso kutalikirana kwambiri ndi bulu wamkati. Kulira kofala kwambiri komwe kumachitika pansi ndikuthawa ndikumveka kozama kwa "ang ..." kapena "gulu ...", nthawi zina limatambasuka m'magulu awiri ndi kumveka ngati "aak ..." kapena "wowak ...". Mapeto a kulira kumeneku, munthu amatha kumva kutulutsa kovuta kwa "arrrr ...". Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana limatha kusiyanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake: mawu achikazi nthawi zambiri amakhala mokweza, mwakuya komanso akuthwa, mawu akuti "a" amapezekamo, pomwe champhongo chimakweza mawu oti "o".

Marine amdima

Kukwiya m'madzi ndiwokongola pakati pa banja la abakha, ndiko kukamira kwambiri. Amadyetsa makamaka ma bollusks ndi magawo obiriwira azomera zam'madzi, zomwe zimachokera pansi pamadzi.

Bakha wolimbitsa thupi wokwanira wokwanira ndi mutu wowongoka, thupi lonse komanso khosi lalifupi. Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 42-52, amuna akulemera magalamu 744-1372, zazikazi 690–1312 magalamu. Mtundu, kutchulidwa kwa kugonana. Nthenga za zovalazo ndizosiyanitsa zakuda ndi zoyera - nthenga zakuda za mutu, khosi, kutsogolo kwa chifuwa, kutsika kumbuyo ndi suprahanga ndikusintha ndi nthenga zoyera kumbuyo kwa chifuwa ndi m'mimba. Mawamba oyambira ndi mchira wake ndi utoto wonyezimira, azungu achiwiri okhala ndi nsonga zakuda. Kumbuyo ndi kuphimba kumayalidwa, ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa imvi ndi koyera. Mbali zake ndi zoyera, ndipo zina zimakhala zofiirira komanso zokhala ndi timiyala yoyera. Mtambo wapansi ndi pansi pa mapikowo ndi wofiirira bii wokhala ndi matupi oyera. Ndalamayi ndi imvi yokhala ndi "msomali" wakuda wakuda. Miyendo imakhalanso imvi, iris ndi chikasu chagolide. Chovala chokomera pamutu pa amuna, utoto wofiirira kapena wonyezimira umawoneka bwino. Zachikazi zimapakidwa makamaka zofiirira komanso zofiirira, zopepuka m'mmbali ndi pachifuwa. Pansi pa mulomo ndi mphete yoyera yowoneka bwino. Mzere woonda wozungulira kuyambira m'mphepete mwa mitengo mpaka khutu. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zazikazi.

Kuchita khungu la m'madzi kukugwirizana kwambiri ndipo kukuonekera kuti ndiwofanana ndi wakuda kum'mawa chakum'mawa komanso kakang'ono kakang'ono panyanja chakumadzulo. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yonse iwiri pamitundu yayikulu. Poyerekeza ndi ma blacknet, ma blacknetus amasiyanitsidwa ndi mafunde akumbuyo kumbuyo, kusowa kwa chowoneka ngati buluu kapena chofiirira pamutu. Chizindikiro chazikazi ndi chingwe choyera chazungulira mulomo. Kusiyana kwa nyanja yakuda yakuda sikuwoneka pang'ono - kuphatikiza pakusiyana kwakukulu, kumapeto kumakhalanso ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamutu pake, mchira wamkati sunakhale wofiirira, koma wopepuka wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, koma mapiko ake amakhala akuda.

Peganka

Peganka, kapena ataika, ndi mbedza yayikulu yamadzi a abakha, muukapolo amakhala malo apakati pakati pa atsekwe ndi abakha wamba, ofanana ndi magulu onse awiriwa a mbalame mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe.

Bakha wamkulu koma wokhala ndi khosi lalitali, mutu ndi miyendo, wokulirapo poyerekeza ndi mallard, koma pang'ono pang'ono kuposa scum. Kutalika kwa 58-67 cm, mapiko a 110p133 masentimita, amuna kulemera kwa 0,8-1.5 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa makilogalamu 0.5-11.3.Amatanthauziridwa bwino kuchokera patali kwambiri chifukwa cha piebald - wowala utoto wamitundu yambiri, wosafanana ndi wina aliyense pa mitundu ina yamitundu ina.

Kapangidwe kakale ka mankhwalawo ndi koyera, pomwe mutu wakuda ndi wobiriwira, mkanda wofiira wowala, mkanda wofiyira yofiyira kuyambira pachifuwa mpaka kumapeto, mikwingwirima yakuda pamapewa ndi pakati pamimba, ndikuwuluka kwakuda kwamiyeso yoyambirira ndi yachiwiri. Chovala chaching'ono ndi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Pa ntchentche zing'onozing'ono, maudzu akunja obiriwira amapanga kalilole - chizindikiro cha mbedza. Mchira wowongolera ndi loyera ndi mathero akuda. Utawaleza ndi wofiirira, miyendo yake ndi yapinki. Kugonana kwamanyazi kumasonyezedwa pang'ono. Yaimuna ndi yayikulupo kuposa yaikazi ndipo imakhala ndi kakulidwe kofiyira pamlomo, kamatchulidwira nyengo yakukhwima. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayo imakhala ndi mphete yoyera ya nthenga kuzungulira diso. Mbalame zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati chachikazi, chosiyana ndi iye ndi mulomo wokhala ndi mano osafunikira komanso kusakhalapo kwa kalilore pamapiko. Mawonekedwe a Monotypic.

Mawu a pintail

Kulira kokweza kwa phokoso - kumayimba kanyimbo kamfupi, koyambirira komwe munthu amamva kulira kwamawu - chonsecho chimakhala ngati "xx-trick". Wamphongo amatha kulira moteronso pa ntchentche ndikukhala pamadzi, ndikumuperekeza ndikukhazikika. Mlezi wofanana kwambiri, koma wamtali komanso wopanda wolowera, umangotulutsa kachilomboka. Akazi amadzimadzi monga mallard ndi bakha woweta, koma pang'ono pang'ono komanso mowonekera pang'onopang'ono.

Kudumphira m'mutu

Bakha wokhala ndi mutu wofiyira ndi bakha wamba, wokhala pakati, kotentha kwambiri ku Europe ndi Siberia, komanso m'dera laling'ono kumpoto kwa Africa. Imafika m'chigawo chachikulu kwambiri cha m'nkhalango komanso kum'mwera kwa nkhalangoyi.

Bakha wopingasa wapakatikati ndi mchira wamfupi ndi khosi lalitali. Chimawoneka chocheperako poyerekeza ndi mallard: kutalika kwa thupi la 42-49 masentimita, mapiko 720-820 mm, amuna kulemera 585-1300 g, zazikazi kulemera 467- 1100 g. mozungulira mchirawo ndi wakuda (chifuwa chokhala ndi mawonedwe owoneka bwino), kumbuyo ndi mmbali zake ndi imvi yopepuka ndi mitsitsi yaying'ono (pakuwala masana madera awa amawoneka oyera), utawaleza ndi wofiira. "Mirror" pa mapiko ikusowa. Yaikazi imakhala ndi timitengo totuwa ta brownish yokhala ndi imvi yopyapyala kumbuyo kwake ndi kumbuyo. Mutu wake ndi woderapo wokhala ndi malo opepuka pakhosi komanso pafupi ndi mulomo. Mmbali ndi ofiira, m'mimba mwayera, pomwe iris ndi yakuda. Zovala zamalimwe zazimuna ndi zazimayi zimafanana ndi matingwo, koma otsetsereka, okhala ndi zofiirira zakuda m'malo mwa zakuda mumalovu akuda. Pa amuna ndi akazi onse, mulomo ndiwotalikirapo, wamtundu wakuda ndipo kumapeto kwake, ndi wonyezimira pakati. Mlomo ndiwoterera, m'munsi osalala, osagwada, umadutsa pamphumi, ndipo kumapeto kuli mbewa yaying'ono. Mbalame zazing'ono zimafanana ndi zazikazi m'chilimwe, koma zimakhala ndi mtundu wocheperako kumbuyo.

Mawu a Mutu wofiyira

Bakha wokhala chete. Wamphongo wamwamuna wapano amaliza mluzu wotsika, wofanana ndi abakha, kumapeto kwake kamadzuwa kulira kwakanthawi, mosaganizira phokoso lakumbuyo. Popita nthawi, nthawi zambiri amasindikiza mluzu wina wakuthwa wazitali "ki-ki-ki", wopangidwa ndi magulu atatu kapena anayi. Mawu aakazi ndi "krrr" wofiirira, nthawi zina amafalitsidwa pa ntchentche.

Kudumphira m'maso

Bakha wamaaso oyera kapena mbalame yakuda. Madziwo adatchedwa dzina la utoto wa maso - makina amisala m'mayendedwe ndi oyera oyera (kuyambira patali akuwoneka oyera), adalembedwa mu Red Book, gulu la rarity - 2.

Bakha wamaso oyera ndi bakha wapakatikati wolemera kuyambira 0,4 mpaka 0.65 kg. Mtundu wa mbalame zachikulire ndi zofiirira. Chovala chokomera, champhongo chimakhala ndi mimba yoyera ndi chibwano, mbali zofiirira, mbali yakumaso ya thupi, komanso kolala yofiirira kumunsi kwa khosi. Pali galasi loyera pamapiko. Chikazi chimapindika, ndipo khungu la maso ake limakhala lofiirira.

Kudumphira pakati

Mtsinje wokhala ndi mphuno yofiira, bakha wokhala ndi mano, ndi bakha wachilendo, malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe osinthika pakati pa enieni, kapena mtsinje, abakha ndi ma dives. Kuuluka kwa diveyi ndikosavuta kuposa abakha, imawuluka mwakufuna kwawo komanso motalika kuposa iwo. Nthawi zambiri chimadutsa m'madzi kuti chikadye, chimayenda pansi momasuka kwambiri kuposa ma dives ena, ndipo zikafunika chimathamanga mwachangu. Amasambira bwino, koma kuyenda pansi kwambiri komanso koyipa kuposa ma dives ena, ngakhale yayikulu komanso yabwinoko kuposa abakha amtsinje, nthawi zina imakhala "kandulo", ngati mabakha enieni. Kuchokera pamadziwo kumakwera kwambiri kuposa abakha enieni, koma opepuka kuposa kudumphira pansi. Wachita mantha kapena kuthamangitsidwa, nguluwe yokhala ndi mphuno yofiira imasambira, kumawulula madzi okha mutu ndi khosi, ngati zimpso.

Bakha wofiira ndi bulu wamkulu wamkulu wolemera kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. Kubira kwamphepo kwamphongo kwamuna kumavala zovala zokongola kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mutu wake wawukulu wowala wofiira, mlomo wofiira wowala ndi miyendo yofiyira, chifuwa chakuda ndi m'mimba wakuda.Mzimayi wamtundu wonyezimira wopepuka wokhala ndi kuwala pansi ndi masaya owala. Wamphongo m'chilimwe amafanana ndi wamkazi, koma thupi lake lotsika limakhala lakuda ndipo mutu wake umakhala wofiirira.

Kudumphira m'madzi a Baire

Kubwera pakati kwa Baer, ​​kapena kusambira kwa Baer, ​​ndi mbalame zosowa kwambiri kuchokera ku banja la abakha. Anatchulidwa kuti ndi a zachilengedwe Karl Ernst von Baer, ​​olembedwa buku lofiira, gulu la rarity - 3.

Morphologic ofanana kwambiri ndi yoyera yoyera. Chigoba chimadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu, poyerekeza ndi ena oimira amtunduwu. Bakha yaying'ono, mapiko a kutalika kwa amuna 200-240, akazi 190-21515 mm: kutalika kwa amuna 32-36, akazi ochokera 30 mm, mulomo kutalika kwa amuna 44, akazi 43 mm.

Mbalame zazing'ono mu nthenga woyamba. Mutu umakhala wonyezimira ndi korona wakuda, mbali ya dorsal ndi yunifolomu yofiirira, chotupa ndi kutsogolo kwa chifuwa chimakhala chofiirira, kumbuyo kwa chifuwa kumakhala koyera ndi mawanga a bulauni, mimbayo imakhala yofiirira, mafupa oyera ndi oyera. Mapiko, ngati mbalame zachikulire. Bill ndi imvi yakuda, maso ndi a bulauni, miyendo imachita imvi ndi utoto wakuda.

Mkazi ndi wamkulu. Vertex ndi nape wakuda wokhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira pang'ono, mutu wake umakhala wakuda. Mapewa ndi chovala chake ndi chaimvi chofiirira chokhala ndi nthenga zofiirira, kumbuyo ndi michira yake ndi yakuda. Pakhosi ndi pakhosi patsogolo paziphatikizidwe zoyera, tsekwe komanso chapachifuwa chofiirira. Chifuwa chonse ndi chovala chaching'ono ndi choyera ndi mawanga akuda, m'mimba ndimtundu wakuda ndi mawonekedwe akulu kapena ocheperako oyera. Mphepete zake ndi zofiirira komanso nthenga zanthete. Mapiko, ofanana ndi aimuna, maudzu amkati mwa mapiko akuuluka akulu sanali oyera, koma otuwa. Maso nthawi zambiri amakhala a bulauni.

Pali chidutswa choyera pa chibwano. Kumbuyo ndi misomali ndi matte akuda. Chovalacho ndi chakuda chakuda komanso chamtundu wofiira kwambiri. Tsitsi ndi mbali yakutsogolo ya chifuwa ndi chofiyira-chofiira, kumbuyo kwa chifuwa ndikuwonetsa kuyera, mbewa imatembenukira zofiirira m'magulu ofiira. Mchira wake ndi woderapo. Mbalame zanthunzi zakunja zimakhala zofiirira zakuda zokhala ndi maudzu oyera mkati, mkati mwa ntchentche zoyambirira mkati zimakhala zoyera, pamwamba ndi pomwepo. Zoyera zazing'ono zokhala ndi mapiko akuda akuda zimapangira galasi loyera la mapiko oyera. Mapiko okutira akumwamba ndi a bulauni wakuda ndi tint ya azitona. Mlomo ndi imvi ya lead ndi yoyera yakuda ndi marigold. Ma paws ndionso amatsogolera imvi. Utawaleza ndi woyera kapena wachikasu.

Wamba Merganser

Mediganser yapakatikati ndi bakha wamkulu, kukula kwake kwa mallard, wokhala ndi mulomo wopendekera, wamtali. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 0.5 m. Wingspan 67-86 cm.

Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 1000-1300 g. Mutu, kumbuyo ndi nape ndi zakuda ndi ma tenti obiriwira, khosi ndi m'mimba ndikuyera, pali mawonekedwe ochepa a straky kumbali, ndipo chifuwa chofiira komanso choyera. Kumbuyo kwa mutu pafupi ndi kunjako kumakhala nthenga ziwiri zapamwamba. Mlomo, utawaleza ndi miyendo ndi zofiira. Mosiyana ndi merganser wamkulu, tsekweyo ndi ya bulauni yokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba kuchokera pamphepete mwa mphuno pali mano 18 kapena kuposerapo (mu merganser wamkulu - 13-15).

Chikazi chimakhala cha imvi chokhala ndi mutu komanso khosi lofiirira, pomwe malire amtundu wa bulauni ndi imvi pakhosi amakhala osalala, kumbuyo kumakhala kotuwa. Amasiyana ndi ma femganser achikazi pakakhala kuti palibe banga loyera pansi pa mulomo. Crest ya mkazi ndi yofupikirapo kuposa yaimuna.

Mlomo wautali wotalikirapo umathandizira kulanda nyama ndi kufanana ndi mawonekedwe a mlengalenga.

Loot kapena Little Merganser

Loot kapena yaying'ono merganser ndi mtsinje wamadzi wabanja la bakha omwe amakhala m'madzi opanda madzi omwe amapezeka kumpoto kwa Europe, Siberia ndi Far East. Phylogenetically ili ndi malo apakati pakati pa merganser ndi gogol, ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja a magulu onse awiri a mbalame. Amasambira ndi mchira wake ndikulowetsedwa m'madzi, ikuphira bwino.

Bakha waung'ono, wodziwika bwino yemwe amakhala wofanana ndi mergansers ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi iwo amtundu umodzi. Zina mwazizindikiro zazikulu ndi kutuluka kwa nthenga zazitali pamutu ndi mulomo wamtifupi, pomwe m'mphepete mwake mumakhala mano. Kukula kwake ndikwamkulu kuposa phokoso la thumwa: kutalika kwa thupi 38-44 cm, kulemera kwa amuna 510-935 g, kulemera kwa akazi 500-680 g. Wamphongo wavala zovala zakukhwima ndi zoyera ndi msana wakuda komanso mtundu wakuda pamutu, khosi komanso mapiko. Tsatanetsatane wakuda: malo owoneka bwino pakati pa diso ndi mulomo, mikwingwirima yotalika kapena mawanga m'mbali mwa nape, kutembenukira kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndi mikwingwirima yopapatiza mbali za chifuwa.

Yaikazi imakhala yozungulira nthawi iliyonse pachaka: imakhala ndi mutu wofiirira pamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi, pakhosi loyera ndi chikwangwani, kumbuyo kwa imvi komanso m'mimba yoyera. M'chilimwe, pamakhala malo akuda pakati pazomwe zimayamwa mulomo ndi diso mwa mkazi. Zoyipa zakudyazi ndizoyera, bakha ndi bulauni. M'chilimwe, Drake amakhala ngati wamkazi, wosiyana ndi wakuda (koma wopanda imvi) kutsogolo kumbuyo ndi malo amaso akhungu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ngati zazikazi, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kafupiko, kusapezeka kwa malo amdima, ndi chikwangwani chakuda ndi mbali. Sichikupanga ma subspecies.

Voice of Loot kapena Little Merganser

Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete. Yaimuna yamakono nthawi zina imapanga mawu osokosera okhala ndi "hiccup" kumapeto, kokumbukira ngati mbala. Liwu la mkazi ndi khungubwe lamphamvu - "helo", lofanana ndi mawu omwe azimayi akuda amakhala nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, chachikazi chimadziwika ndi chilimbikitso - phokoso lokhazikika la monosyllabic. Kuphatikiza pa nyengo yakukhwima, yaikazi imamvekanso m'chilimwe nthawi ya chibwenzi.

Savka

Savka ndiye yekhayo woyimira yekha mwa gulu lake mu Palearctic. Malinga ndi Red List of the Conservation Union (Red List IUCN) imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi (Endangered, EN).

Savka ndi bakha wamba wamtali. Kutalika kwa 43-48 masentimita, kulemera kwa magalamu 500- 900, kutalika kwa amuna amuna 157-17.2 masentimita, akazi 14,8-16,7 masentimita, mapiko ndi 62-70 cm. mutu woyera wokhala ndi "kapu" wakuda, mlomo "wotupa" kumunsi, mtundu wa thupi umakhala ndi maluwa ofiira, abulauni, abulauni komanso osakhwima okhala ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono mumdima kapangidwe kake kapena mawonekedwe ake. Yaikazi imakhala ndi utoto wambiri ngati wamphongo, koma mutu ndiwofanana ndi thupi lonse ndipo umakhala wamtundu wakuda wonyezimira; Pachimuna atavala zovala zamkati, mlomo umachita imvi, "kapu" yakuda pamutu imakula. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, abambo omwe ali ndi mutu wakuda amakumana ndi zoyera kutalika pamasaya - kuchokera ku nthenga za munthu aliyense mpaka malo ophuka bwino, mulomo wawo ndi wa imvi kapena wabuluu - awa ndi mbalame zazaka zambiri. Achichepere ndi ofanana ndi achikazi, koma ochepa ochepa, ndipo mikwingwirima pamasaya ndi kutsogolo kwa khosi kumakhala kopepuka, pafupifupi koyera. Ma jekete pansi ndi odera akuda okhala ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka pamasaya. Mukuvala konse komanso zaka zake, amakhala ndi njira yosambira ndi mchira wowoneka bwino wopangidwa ndi nthenga zolimba zokwezedwa pafupifupi.

Gelegedeya

Bakha waku Mandarin ndi mbalame yaying'ono yamtundu wa abakha wamtchire wa abakha. Bakha wa mandarin amakhala ku Far East; adalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia ngati mitundu yosowa.

Bakha wa mandarin amasambira bwino, atakhala pamwamba pamadzi ndi mchira wake utakwezedwa pang'ono. Amayenda kawirikawiri, pokhapokha akavulala. Kuuluka kwawo kumathamanga komanso kuyenda, kumachoka mosavuta, nthawi zina kumakhala kowongoka. Mosiyana ndi abakha ambiri, bakha wa mandarin nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka atakhala pamitengo ya mitengo kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Bakha waku Mandarin ndi bakha yaying'ono yolemera 0.4-0.7 kg. Kutalika kwa mapiko a tangerines akuluakulu kumakhala kosiyanasiyana 210-245 mm. Chovala chokomera cha abakha aamuna a mandarin chimawonekera pakati pa abakha ena mu utoto wowala bwino. Wamphongo amakhala ndi mutu wake ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wowala kuposa wachikazi. Palinso ena, omwe atha ntchito, mayina: "bakha a Mandarin", kapena "bakha waku China."

Kamenushka

Mwalawo uli ponseponse ku North-Eastern Siberia, Far East, North-West America, Greenland, Iceland. Imakhala m'malo okwera, makamaka mitsinje ya m'dera lozizira. M'mitundu yambiri, mbalame yosamukira. Nyengo za m'mphepete mwa Pacific ndi Atlantic nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndizomwera. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala kunyanja pamiyala.

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi abakha ena ndi mtundu wa maulu ake: mawonekedwe akuda omwe ali ndi mbali zofiira, malo oyera oyera pamaso pake, kolala yoyera, malo oyera ndi mikwingwirima mbali za mutu ndi thupi. Mutu wake ndi khosi lake ndi zakuda, zosalala. Chachikazi chimakhalanso chamdima, chokhala ndi mawanga oyera atatu pamutu pake.

Moryanka

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• Sailor, auleika - Clangula hyemalis

Sailor, sauc kapena mall - woimira banja la bakha, bakha yaying'ono ya polar. Pakati pa mbalame zam'madzi, chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kuzimvetsa zosinthana ndi mbalame, chifukwa chake zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowoneka bwino nthawi yozizira, chilimwe, kumapeto kwa nyengo yobereketsa komanso chaka choyamba cha moyo.

Bakha wazaka zazing'ono wokhala ndi mutu wozungulira, khosi lalifupi komanso lalifupi lalitali. Kutalika kwa amuna ndi 55-60 cm (kuphatikiza mchira wautali), kutalika kwa akazi ndi 37-41 masentimita, mapiko ndi 73-79 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 450- 900 g. Wamphongo amakhala ndi mchira wautali kwambiri (mpaka 13 cm) ndi nthenga zazitali zapakati. chomwe bakha nthawi zonse chimakhala pamwamba pamadzi. Mapikowo ndi ochepa komanso owongoka, otsegula, amuna ndi akazi ndi amtundu wakuda nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Chokani pamadzi, ndikupita kutali kuthana ndi mphepo.

Monga abakha ena ambiri, zuluziyo zalengeza kukopa zakugonana. Kupatula apo, mawonekedwe apadera amtunduwu ndi amitundu itatu (mwa mbalame zina, kamodzi kapena kawiri) molt pachaka, chifukwa chomwe madambawa amakhala ndi zovala zabwino kwambiri nthawi yozizira, mating ndi chilimwe. Mwaimuna, kuyambira hafu yachiwiri ya Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni, mutu (kupatula mbali zowala), khosi ndi chifuwa ndi zofiirira zakumaso, kumtunda kwa thupi ndi kofiirira komanso kofiyira kofiyira pamapewa, mbali ndi pansi ndi loyera. Kusungunuka kwa chilimwe kumasintha pang'ono chithunzi chonse - nthenga zamapewa zimafupika ndikutaya matupi awo ofiira, nthenga zoyera zosiyana zimawonekera pamutu ndi masamba. Mlomo wa amuna, omwe nthawi ya masika anali ndi gulu lofiirira, nthawi imeneyi imayamba kuda. Mu Seputembala, ma drake amasintha mawonekedwe awo - mutu ndi khosi zimakhala zoyera, malo akulu amutu wa chokoleti amawoneka mbali ya mutu, ndi bib.

Mwa chachikazi, pali mitundu iwiri yokha yamankhwala yomwe ingasiyanitsidwe: chilimwe (kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti) ndi chisanu. Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa bakha kuphatikiza ma brownish, chokoleti ndi matuwa amtundu wakuda, amdima mu nthawi ya nesting. Pazovala zazikazi, mutu ndi khosi zimakhala zakuda (pali gawo la imvi kutsogolo, pali malo owala kumbuyo kwa diso, malo owala chimodzimodzi pakhosi), chifuwa ndi chofiirira, kumtunda ndi kofiirira komanso m'mphepete yowala, m'mimba muli zoyera. M'nyengo yozizira, mutu umakhala woyera kwambiri, kusiya masamba akuda pamutu ndi m'masaya. Zomwe thupi lonse limasungira zimasungidwa, ngakhale zimakula pang'ono. Zowonjezera zam'mbuyo zimapeza tint yofiirira. Mbalame zazing'onoting'ono ndizofanana ndi zazikazi, zosiyana ndi iye mumtundu wowoneka bwino wamkati.

Mawu a oyenda panyanja

Sailor ndi mbalame yamaphokoso, makamaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kulira kwamphongo ndi phokoso lalikulu la aary kuti “auleullah”, lomwe limadziwika kwambiri ndi mtunduwu mwakuti anthu am'derali amachitcha nyambo "auleika" kapena "avlik". Wamphongo amalira pafupipafupi komanso pazifukwa zilizonse - panthawi ya chibwenzi, mkangano wamtunda, kumenyera kwa akazi, kunyamuka ndikufikitsa, pa ntchentche. M'gulu, kola yayikulu yamagalimoto imagwirizana kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakumbutsa phokoso la chikwama. Kuphatikiza apo, akazi ndi amuna amakhala ndi chidwi chazomwe zimakonda, mtanda pakati pa "o", "a", ndi "u", nthawi zambiri amamveka kuchokera pagulu louluka.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abakha atchire

Mokwanira pali mitundu yoposa 110 ya abakha padziko lapansi. Pafupifupi mitundu 35 imakhala ku Russia. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:

• Mallard,
• Pintail,
• Nyani wamutu wofiyira,
• Bakha wonenepa
• Gogol
• Peganka,
• Sviyaz,
• Wosadetsedwa khungu.

Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi zolembapo, chifukwa chake mbalame zazing'ono zimatchedwa zotchetchera, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasonyezedwa ndi zoyambirira: