Dzina lachi Latin: | Branta bernicla |
Gulu: | Anseriformes |
Banja: | Bakha |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Tsekwe yaying'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi kukula kwa bakha woweta. Khosi lolimba, khosi limawoneka lalifupi komanso lalifupi kuposa la tsekwe loyera. Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 56-69, mapiko mpaka 110-120 masentimita, kulemera kwa 1,2-1,8 kg. Amapanga mitundu itatu - B. b. bernicla, B. b. hrota ndi B. b. osamvanaKusintha kwa mitundu. Ku Russia Russia, oyimira mabungwe awiri oyambira akhoza kukumana.
Kufotokozera. Mbalame zachikulire zili ndi mutu wakuda wakuda, chifuwa ndi khosi, zokutira kutsogolo ndi kolala yoyera yoyera. Kuphimba kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi imvi yakuda ndi mikondo yakuda. Pansi ndi m'mbali mwake ndi imvi, Yopepuka kuposa msana. Zovala zamkati ndizoyera, nthenga za mchira ndi nthenga zoyambirira zimakhala zakuda; m'munsi mwa nthenga za mchirayo, ndimizeremizere yoyera yoyera yomwe imagulitsanso. Mlomo ndi miyendo yakuda. Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa zazikazi, mitu yayikulu ndipo ali ndi mulomo wawokulirapo. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono tavala kolala yoyera, mamvekedwe amitundu yambiri amakhala ansalu, opyapyala, oyerekeza oyeranso ophatikizika amaphatikizika ndi mizere itatu yofanana m'mphepete mwa nthenga zam'mphepete zam'madzi, komanso nthenga zazikulu komanso zazitali zokhala ndi mapiko apamwamba.
Mu mbalame zosakhwima za chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, zokutira zofiirira zimasowa, kolala yoyera imawonekera, koma zoyeruka zokhala ndi mapiko zimatsalira mpaka lachiwiri litayamba kusungunuka. Mitundu yamtundu B. b. hrota yopepuka kwambiri kuposa ma subspecies ena: m'mimba ndi m'mbali mwake ndi imvi yopepuka, yosiyana ndi mawere akuda, kamvekedwe kake ka gawo lachiberekero kamasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kamvekedwe ka chifuwa ndi khosi. B. b. bernicia - mpikisano wakuda kwambiri: utoto wammbuyo ndi m'mimba uli pafupifupi wakuda, kuphatikiza patali ndi kamvekedwe ka chifuwa ndi khosi, kokha m'mphepete momwe pamakhala zowala mwanjira yamikwingwirima yopindulitsa. Khola ndilabwino kwambiri kuposa ma subspecies apitalo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osapangidwa.
Mawu. Tsekwe kwambiri chete, mawu opanda phokoso, ngati chipolopolo chammphuno. Pouluka, mawu opangidwa ndi mbalame za mbalame zamtunduwu amamveka pafupi kwambiri.
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Kugawikaku ndi circumpolar, kumakhala zilumba za ku Arctic okwera komanso m'malo ena madera am'mphepete mwa Arctic ku Eurasia ndi North America. Mitundu yamagulu B. b. hrota imafotokoza za kum'mawa kwa Canada, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Greenland, Svalbard ndi Franz Josef Land. Dera B. b. bernicia Imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic kuchokera ku Yamal kupita ku Khatanga, zisumbu za Pacific Ocean kum'mawa kwa Vaygach Island ndi Severnaya Zemlya kumpoto mpaka kufupi 79.
Kukhathamira nyengo zonsezo kumakhala ku Western Europe, ndipo B. b. bernicia nyengo ya kumpoto kwa Germany, Holland ndi France, ndi B. b. hrota - makamaka ku zilumba za Britain. Pakusamuka, unyinji wa anthu omwe adasankhidwa ndi gulu la White-Baltic Baltic, mbalame zam'mabuku B. b. hrota amapezeka kuno nthawi zambiri, chifukwa amawuluka makamaka kumadzulo kwa Scandinavia Peninsula. M'madera apakati ku Europe Russia, mbalame zam'mitundu yonseyi zimatha kukumana ngati mbalame zosamukasamuka.
Moyo. Nthawi yakusunthika kwa nyengo yamasika ndiyosachedwa kwambiri - magulu apaulendo amadutsa ku Gulf of Finland theka lachiwiri la Meyi ndi kumayambiriro kwa Juni, koma oyamba amawonekera m'magulu atsekwe kumadzulo kwa Leningrad Region kumapeto kwa Epulo. Nthawi zambiri amasamukira m'matumba olemera kwambiri osaposa 5-10 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Pakasamalidwa zisa, ngati atsekwe zokhala ndi mabere oyera, imalowa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilumba, koma nthawi zambiri kuposa mitundu yakaleyo imapezeka m'madambo a udzu wa tundra ndi zigwa za mitsinje ya tundra. Anthu akufotokozera za njira yolowera m'makomo omwe amakhala m'malo abwino pansi pa chivundikiro cha timiyala tambiri tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'onoting'ono tambiri. Tizilombo timeneti timadya m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'miyala yaying'ono yamchenga m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Kutalika kokugwa kwa Gulf of Finland kuli kofala mu theka loyambirira la Okutobala. Monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, nthawi yachisanu imakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya a m'mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe ili ndi zomera zambiri zobiriwira.
Malo okhala mbalame
Ma Anseriformes amenewa amakonda nyengo yozizira. Malo awo okhala ndi Germany, Denmark ndi Netherlands. Zikuwonekanso mbalame ku Yakutia, France komanso ngakhale kuzilumba za Britain. Nyama zamapiko zimawonedwa pagombe la Pacific Ocean ndi Japan. Makamaka, Honshu ndi Hokkaida. Palinso atsekwe wakuda ku Russia. Madzi am'madzi amenewa amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja ya Arctic.
Panthawi yosamukira, mbalamezo zimayima m'madzi am'madzi osaya, ndikuuluka kupita kukazizira ku Asia kapena North America. Anseriformes nthawi zambiri imawuluka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pali atsekwe m'malo ozizira komanso ku North Sea. Anthu okhala kum'mawa akuwuluka pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, ndipo mbalame zochokera kumadera ozizira, m'malo mwake, zimayenda m'maderawo, kumamatira mitsinje. Izi zowerengera zimakhala m'matumba, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti sizitetezedwa bwino kwa zilombo, ngakhale zili zachiwawa.
Maonekedwe a tsekwe
Kulemera kwa mbalameyi kumayambira 1.5 mpaka 2.2 kg, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 60 cm, mapiko ake ndi kuyambira 110 mpaka 120. Atsekwe akuda adadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mtundu wakuda wakuda. Koma thupi la mbalameyo limakutidwa pang'ono ndi nthenga za mtundu wakuda, makamaka limakhala kumbuyo ndi khosi. Mapapu ndi mulomo mulinso zakuda. Mtundu wa mapiko umachokera ku imvi mpaka bulauni. Mimba ndi mbali zake ndizopepuka kuposa utoto wamba, posintha pang'ono kukhala chovala choyera.
Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndizolinganso zoyera pakakhosi. Amuna ndi akazi samasiyana kunja. Kusiyana komwe kungatheke ndi kukula. Kutalika kwa mapiko kumawonedwa mwaimuna ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulupo kuposa yaikazi.
Atsekwe amakhala pamtunda pamtunda ndipo samataika pangozi. Zosadabwitsa, sakudziwa kuyimba, koma amatha kupeza chakudya kuchokera pansi, monga abakha amachepetsa mitu yawo ndikuyandama ndi mchira wawo m'mwamba.
Kuswana ndi kudyetsa nkhuku
Atsekwe akuda amayamba kubereka mu June. Nthawi yakukhwima imatha miyezi itatu. Monga swans, amapanga gulu limodzi moyo. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi miyambo yokongola kwambiri ya chibwenzi, yomwe mbalame zimasamala kwambiri. Izi zitachitika, mtundu wa mwambowo umachitika, kutsimikizira kuvomereza ndi kufulumiza mgwirizano. Mwambowo umayamba ndi malingaliro oyeserera a mdani, ndiye atsekwe amaikidwa mokhazikika ndikuyamba kufuula nawo. Wamphongo amakuwa, ndipo wamkazi amamuyankha ndi awiri. Mwambo womwe umachitika m'madzi umatha pomwe banjali limasinthana kulowa m'madzi. Manja awa samangokhala pachibwenzi, ndi mtundu wa chilankhulidwe. Pazonse, pali njira 6 kapena 11 zotulutsira chidziwitso.
Nthawi yakuswana, mbalame zakuda zimakumana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono: ndikosavuta kuti aziteteza kwa zilombo zazikulu, koma chisa awiriawiri, kumpoto kwa ena oimira atsekwe, kufupi ndi Arctic tundra. Amakonda osati nyanja zokha, komanso madera otsika a mitsinje, malo okhala ndi tundra wothinitsidwa wokhala ndi zitsamba zamera kwambiri. Stein amakonda kuswera ngati akukhala pachidikha kapena chamwala. Anseriformes akoletsa zisa zawo moses mous, fluff kapena udzu, kupangitsa kuti pang'ono pang'ono kuwonekera. Atsekwe amawamanga m'malo omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzi. Wamkazi amatulutsa mazira atatu mpaka asanu pa clutch iliyonse. Kuchita kwa kuwononga kumatenga mpaka mwezi: avareji ya masiku 24-26.
Wamphongo samasiya mkazi wake kwinaku akukumana ndi mazira. Fulu la anapiye ndi imvi. Pambuyo poti mwana asungidwa dzira, patatha maola atatu kapena atatu, anapiyewo amatha kutuluka chisa kuchoka. Makolo amapita ndi ana awo kumalo osungira pafupi, kuwadyetsa ndi kuwasamalira kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi imeneyi, akuluakulu amayamba kusungunuka komanso kwakanthawi amalephera kuuluka. Anapiyewa amakhalabe ndi makolo awo mpaka nthawi yotsatira ya kubereka. Mapichesi amafikira kutha msinkhu zaka ziwiri pambuyo pobadwa, nthawi zina pambuyo pake. Mbalame zazing'ono ndi anthu omwe pazifukwa zina sangathe kukhala tulo, kugogoda pamodzi pagulu lolekanitsidwa ndi "makolo" komanso molt.
Atsekwe zakudya komanso adani awo akunja
Kudya atsekwe wakuda kumakhala kosiyanasiyana, kumakhala zakudya zamtchire, koma mapiko amatha kudya nsomba zing'onozing'ono ndi crustaceans.
- M'chilimwe, zakudya za goose zimaphatikizapo zitsamba, mbewa, ndere, ndi masamba am'madzi.
- M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimadya m'nyanja.
- Komanso m'zakudya pali michere ya achinyamata, chimanga, masamba a tundra.
Zakudya zimatengera nyengo ndi malo okhala. Pakusamukira, mbalame zimadziunjikira mafuta ndikusintha mosavuta kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chakudya kupita ku wina.
Black Goose amadziwika kuti ndi chiwindi chachitali. Mwachilengedwe, zaka zake zimatha kufikira zaka 28, ali mu ukapolo, chiwerengerochi chimatsala pang'ono kuwirikiza. Zaka zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zaka 40.
Adani amtunduwu ali ndi zokwanira, kuphatikizapo nkhandwe, nsomba, nkhandwe za arctic ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira. Nsomba ndi mbalame za m'madzi zimakonda kudya mazira a atsekwe ngakhale kubera anapiye. Atsekwe akazindikira mdani, amatambasulira makosi awo, natsegula mapiko awo ndikuyamba kugwedezeka. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zonse samatha kupulumutsa ana. Kuti ateteze anapiye ake, atsekwe akuda pafupi ndi malo okhala mbalame za nyama zodya nyama, monga kadzidzi, kanga kakoko, buza. Izi zimathandiza kuti tsekwe zizikhala motetezeka: sizisaka pafupi ndi zisa zawo, ndipo zilombo zing'onozing'ono ngati nkhandwe ya arctic sizikhala pachiwopsezo chofikira mbalame za nyama. Chifukwa chake, akhanda atsekwe amawonjezera mwayi wawo wopulumuka.
Atsekwe amatha kuzolowera kukhala mu ukapolo. Zakudya zawo ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana momwe zingathere. Iyenera kuphatikizira mbewu zamasamba ndi zipatso, komanso zakudya zamasamba ambiri. Mbewu zouma ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa achinyamata. Monga chakudya, mutha kuwonjezera chakudya komanso mitundu ingapo yamagulu ochitira mbalame zoyandama pamadzi.
Izi zowerengera zimabereka bwino mu ukapolo. Amakhala bwino pamawayilesi ndi mafoni ena amadzi monga abakha ndi swans. Chachikulu ndikuti mu aviary, ma Anserforms amapeza madzi nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira kuti osungamo azisamba 20% ya malo a nyumbayo. Waterfowl imalekerera chisanu bwino ndipo safuna zolembera zotsekeka, koma kuyang'ana mlengalenga ndikofunikira.
Mu nthawi yakukhwima, banjali limayikidwa mgulu laling'ono, chifukwa champhongo chimakhala chankhanza.
Mbalamezi ndizosangalatsa komanso kudalirika, zomwe zimakhudza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu.
Mverani mawu a brant wakuda
Njira yakukhwima mwachindunji imachitika pamadzi.
Atsekwe akuda amakhala m'midzi ing'onoing'ono.
Nkhondo nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza mbalamezi kudziteteza kuzinyama zodya nyama monga zimbalangondo, nkhandwe za ku Arctic, nkhandwe ndi skuas. Chisa ndi chaching'ono kupsinjika komwe kumakhala pansi, mbewa ndi udzu. Amapangidwa ndi tsekwe wakuda pazilumba ndi m'mphepete mwa malo osungira. Yaikazi imayikira mazira atatu mpaka 5 mkatikati mwa June, kenako amayamba kuwatchingira. Njirayi imatha masiku 24-26.
Atsekwe akuda amakhala ndi nzeru zambiri zachilengedwe.
Amuna samasiya “akazi awo” ndipo amakhala pafupi kwambiri. Anapiye amene anabadwa ali ndi imvi. Maola angapo atabadwa, amatha kuchoka pachisa. Makolo amapita nawo kumalo osungira komwe amadyetsa ana awo ndikuwasunga kwa milungu ina 6. Akuluakulu tsekwe atsekwe nthawi ino. Banja lonse limakhala limodzi mpaka nthawi yotsatira ya kubereka.
Maziko a goose zakudya ndi chakudya chomera.
Goose goose amadya makamaka chomera zakudya. M'chilimwe, amadya masamba, udzu, zomera zam'madzi. Imasiyanitsa menyu yake ndi nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, crustaceans yaying'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, kudya kwa atsekwe wakuda kumayambira pa zosambira zazingwe.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.