Somik Kusintha
Gulu la asayansi

Synodontis nigriventris David, 1936

Somik Kusintha (Chilatini: Synodontis nigriventris) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zokhala ndi ray kuchokera kubanja la pinnate catfish (Mochokidae). Wokhalamo zitsamba zatsopano za Africa. Amasungidwanso m'madzi am'madzi. Amadziwika kuti "kusintha nsomba" chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, gawo lambiri la nthawi yomwe nsomba'yi imasambira m'mimba mwake.

Kufotokozera

Thupi ndi lolemera, lomwe limasungunuka m'mbali. Kumbuyo ndi kowonekera kwambiri kuposa pamimba, maso ndi akulu, pakamwa pamakhala chotsika ndi matumba atatu a antennae, ndalama ya caudal imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Ma dorsal fin ndi mawumbidwe atatu ndipo ali ndi ray yoyamba yamphamvu. Chachikulu cha adipose fin. Mtunduwu ndi wotuwa wonyezimira ndipo ndimtundu wakuda bii wonyezimira thupi ndi zipsepse. Mimba imakhala yakuda kuposa msana. Matenda a kugonana amalembedwa pang'onopang'ono: thupi la mkazi ndi lalikulu malo owoneka, amuna ndi ochepa komanso ochepa thupi kuposa achikazi (amuna amakula mpaka 6cm kutalika, akazi - mpaka 9.5 cm).

Khalidwe

Maphunziro ambiri apadera amaperekedwa kuzowonekera kwa mayendedwe a kusinthana kwa mphaka. Kankhono kakang'ono kamasambira munthawi yomweyo nsomba zambiri - zimakhala pansi, zimangotuluka pakatha miyezi iwiri. Mbedza zazikulu zimakonda kusambira mozungulira pansi pamadzi, pansi ndipo zimasambira mwachangu. Kusambira m'mimba, amathanso kudya, pogwira nyama yomwe ili pamadzi. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mphamvu yokoka ya nsomba iyi imawonetsa kuti imatha kulimbitsa thupi "pansi" ndikuwona mphamvu yamphamvu yokoka yomwe imathandizira kuti izitha kusintha kayendedwe ka thupi ndi nsomba zina zambiri. Njira yosambira iyi imabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zowonjezera mphamvu, komabe, imathetsedwa ndi chiphaso chotsogola bwino pamadzi. Njira yosambira yopendekera mwina inali yokhudza usiku.

Kukhalapo mu chilengedwe

Pakati pofika pakati pa dziwe. Congo, kuphatikiza Lake Malebo ndi mitsinje ya Kasai ndi Ubangi. Palinso malipoti a mitundu yomwe imakhala ku Qilu ku Republic of Congo. Zidayambitsidwa ku Philippines. Nsomba za Bentoperagic. Amadyera makamaka usiku kuzilombo, crustaceans ndi zakudya zamasamba.

Ili ndi gulu la nsomba zokonda mtendere. Imawonetsa zochitika ndi nthawi yamadzulo, masana iwo amabisala m'misasa. Kuti musinthe nkhanu zamatchire mumasowekera masamba okwanira 50 malita okhala ndi malo ena okhala (grottoes, snags ndi zina). Dothi labwino ndi miyala kapena mchenga wamba.

Optimum madzi magawo: kutentha 24-26 ° C, pH 6.5-7.5, kuuma dH 415 °. Mukusowa kusefedwa, kuthandizira komanso kusintha kwamadzi sabata.

Mphaka wamtunduwu amatha kudya zonse ziwiri (magazi, shrimp, artemia), masamba komanso kuphatikiza (ma pellets, ma flakes). Mutha kuwonjezera zamasamba menyu - nkhaka, zukini. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda kudya kwambiri.

Kuswana

Imafika pa kutha msinkhu mu zaka 2-3. Kuti mubereke, mumasowa ma aquarium okhala ndi malita 50 kapena kuposerapo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi mbewu zoyandama. Magawo a madzi: kutentha 24-27, ° C, pH pafupifupi 7, kuuma dH pafupifupi 10 °. Mu aquarium, kuwaza ndikosowa, motero jakisoni wa mahomoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa kubereka. Asanatulutse, opanga (1 wamwamuna ndi wamkazi 1) amalekanitsidwa padera komanso kudya bwino. Yaikazi imayikira mazira oposa 450. Mwachangu amayamba kusambira tsiku la 4 ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino mthupi ndikuyamba kugudubuza pambuyo pa masabata 7-8.

Kufotokozera

Synodontis ndi membala wa banja la a Mochokidae, lomwe limatanthawuza "catfish yamaliseche". Zowonadi, mitundu yonse ya banja ili alibe mamba; mmalo mwake, nsomba zimakutidwa ndi khungu lolimba, lomwe limatetezedwa ndi kubisala kwa mucous pansi. Kunja, nsomba zamtendere ndi zodekha izi zimawoneka zokongola. Catfish imakhala ndi khungu laimvi komanso lalitali, lokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda wakuda.

Pamutu pali maso akulu ndi magulu awiri a tactile antennae, awiri awo ndi cirrus, omwe amalola kuti nsomba za catfish zizitha kuyenda bwino m'malo. Monga chitetezo, Changeling imagwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zake zamphamvu za pectoral ndi ma spine akuthwa m'mapanga a dorsal and pectoral. Nsomba zamtunduwu zolimba kwambiri nthawi zina zimakula kwambiri, pafupifupi 20 centimeter, ndipo zimakhala m'madzi zaka pafupifupi 15. Nthawi zambiri kukula kwawo sikupitirira masentimita 10. Jenda imatsimikiziridwa mosavuta: abambo ndi ochepa thupi komanso ochepa kuposa azimayi, nthawi yomweyo, akazi amakongoletsedwa ndi malo akuluakulu achikuda. Komanso pa amuna amuna pali kanthu kakang'ono, komwe samawonedwa mwa akazi.

Kusintha kwa Catfish - wokhala mosakhazikika kwambiri m'madzi am'madzi, amasintha mosavuta pazachilengedwe ndipo amasintha nthawi yomweyo. Chofunikira kwambiri pakuyendetsa bwino ndi madzi oyera, okhala ndi mpweya, motero muyenera kusamalira kuthana kwamphamvu ndi kuchulukitsa kwa m'madzi. Komanso musaiwale za kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse, mu kuchuluka kwa 20-30% ya voliyumu yonse ya aquarium. Kutentha kwenikweni kumayambira pa 22 mpaka 27 C. M'pofunika kupewa madzi olimba kwambiri kapena ofewa kwambiri.

Onani malo omwe pali synodontis.

Popeza synodontis ndiye mwini wa tinyanga tambiri tovuta, ndibwino kuyika dothi mu chithokomiro osati chomvetsa chisoni. Njira yabwino ndi mchenga kapena miyala yosalala. Zomera za Aquarium zimafunikanso kusankhidwa mosamala, ndibwino kuti muzikhala pamizere yolimba, chifukwa mphaka zimatha kusangalala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba osalala. Mukamapanga aquarium, muyenera kusamalira malo ambiri, m'mapanga ndi m'misasa momwe kusinthana kwa mphaka kumabisala maola ambiri masana.

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamtendere komanso zochezeka, nsomba zamtchire zimatha kuteteza malowa kwa abale awo kapena kuwatsegulira osaka anthu okhala m'madzimo. Koma ndi malo okwanira okhala, kuphatikiza ndi nsomba zina sizimabweretsa zovuta zapadera. Nthawi zambiri, synodontis imakhala bwenzi labwino kwambiri ngakhale ma cichlids ndipo, chifukwa cha antennae osinthika komanso kuthekera kukwera malo ovuta kufikako, zimathandizanso kuti ukhondo usamakhale mu aquarium.

Somik ndi sukulu yophunzitsa, choncho mukamagula muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chiweto cha m'madzi sichitopa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa aquarium kulola - ndibwino kugula osachepera 2-3 anthu. Kusunga nsomba zochuluka chonchi, malo okhala ndi malita 70 kapena kuposerapo nkoyenera.

Kudyetsa

Kusintha kumakonda kudya kuchokera pamadzi, chifukwa m'chilengedwe chinali tizilombo tomwe timene timagwera pamadzi. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa nsomba zamadzulo kumapeto kwa phirilo, pomwe zochuluka zawo zimayamba. Amadyanso zakudya zazikulu ngati chakudya chokhazikika chopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a granules, flakes kapena pellets, ndipo samakana chakudya chamoyo (mawongo, brine shrimp, shrimp kapena zosakaniza). Synodontis amasangalalanso kudya magawo a nkhaka kapena zukini otsekemera ndi madzi otentha, koma chakudya ichi chimayenera kuperekedwa kwa nsomba nthawi zina, munthawi ya zabwino. Chikhalidwe cha anthu achikhalidwe chimadziwika ndi chidwi chambiri komanso kukonda kunenepa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuti zisawakokere. Amalimbikitsidwanso kukonzekera nsomba zomwe amati masiku akusala, osazisiya tsiku limodzi sabata.

Tayang'anani pa synodontis pagulu ndi Siamese perch.

Kuswana

Synodontis ndi zovuta kubereketsa mitundu, koma yosangalatsa kwambiri. Kukhwima mu nsomba kumachitika mwa zaka 2-3. Kuti ziberekane pamafunika kukonzekera mosamala. M'pofunika kukonzekera kusaka kwanyanja (komwe kumatchedwa kuwaza) ndi kumakonzekeretsa ndi zomera ndi pogona.

Kuti muyambe kuwaza, magawo amadzi otsatirawa amafunikira: kutentha pafupifupi 25 - 27 C, kuuma pafupifupi 10, acidity pamlingo wa magawo 7. Koma zimachitika kuti izi sizokwanira ndipo muyenera kusintha jakisoni wa mahomoni. Pambuyo jakisoni, opanga amaikidwa m'malo obzala ndipo kuwaza kumayambira.

Pambuyo pofalikira, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mwachangu opanga kuti asatulutsire. Mwachangu kuwaswa pambuyo masiku 7-8. Zitachitika izi - kuwaza kuyenera kutsekedwa ndikuwala kowala, ndikosayenera kwa mwachangu. Patsiku la 4, mutha kuyamba kudyetsa mwachangu ndi fumbi lokhalokha kapena analogues.

Monga mukuwonera, kusintha kwa synodontis kapena catfish ndi nsomba yodabwitsa yomwe sifunikira kuyesetsa yambiri kuti izisamalira. Kukhala kosavuta kwa wasodzi wazovala zam'madzi kuti asamalire ndipo sizovuta kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, ndipo katswiri wazachipembedzo wa Synodontis adzapambana ndi zizolowezi zake zoyambirira komanso mawonekedwe ake okongola.