Chikuku chotentha ndikuchiritsa kutentha kwa chipinda. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za ndondomekoyi ndi zida zapadera zamagetsi. Tizilomboti timathira m'mundamo, womwe umatenthetsedwa mpaka 50 ° C ndikuthira gawo lonse. Njira yotenthetsera imatenga zosaposa mamilimita angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwira kuti zisinthe kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri ndipo zimatuluka kale pamphuno yamtundu wa chifunga.
Dera logwiridwalo limakutidwa ndi mtambo wophera tizilombo, womwe, osakhalitsa, umakhalabe ndi maola enanso atatu. Monga mpweya, imalowa m'malo osafikirika kwambiri ndipo imamangiriza pamlingo wama cell ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa nkhungu, tizilombo tambiri, makamaka ana awo amtsogolo, timafa nthawi yomweyo. Kutentha kwapakati pa 45 ° C kumaphetsa pafupifupi tizirombo tonse.
Mtambo womwe umapangidwa pang'onopang'ono m'chipindacho umayamba kuzizira komanso kukhazikika pankhope zonse ndi filimu yopyapyala. Ndi kulumikizana pang'ono ndi izi, tizilombo tomwe timatsala timalandira poizoni. Mwayi wawo wopulumuka wayandikira zero.
- kuwonongedwa kotsimikizika kwa tizilombo tonse, mosatengera kuchuluka kwa matenda,
- nthawi yocheperako,
- chitetezo kwa onse pabanja ndi ziweto,
- kusakhalapo kwa mafungo olimbikira.
Changu chozizira: zochitika zaukadaulo
Chiwunda chotentha komanso chozizira ku Moscow ndi mtundu wa mankhwala othandizira ophera tizilombo omwe atchuka pakati pa makasitomala athu ambiri. Ndipo ngakhale kusiyana pakati pa njirazi sikofunikira kwambiri, koma makasitomala omwe angakhale nawo ayenera kudziwa za iwo.
Zimatengera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa tizirombo tina pogwiritsa ntchito jenereta yapadera. Chiphuphu cholandiridwa kutuluka chimasakanikirana ndi mpweya ndipo chimakhazikika pamtunda uliwonse, kuphatikizira zokongoletsera nyumba zosiyanasiyana, mapanelo ndi denga. Komabe, kukula kwa tinthu tomwe timapangira momwe amasinthidwira amasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro za ma microns 5-30 ndizodziwika kwa chifunga chotentha, ma microne 40-80 a chifunga chozizira. Komanso mtambo wamafuta ofunda kwambiri umakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, womwe umakuthandizani kuti mulowe mu ming'alu yaying'ono ndikuthandizira kwambiri tizilombo tambiri.
Ndipo zowonadi, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njira ziwiri izi ndi kutentha kwawo. Zizindikiro za chifuwa chozizira zili pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe.
- 100% yotetezeka kwa thupi la munthu ndi ziweto,
- chitetezo chochulukirapo kuti tichotse maphemwe, nsikidzi, nyerere ndi tizirombo tina,
- kusowa kwa mipando pamiyala ndi pazenera mutatha kukonza,
- kusunga ndalama za pabanja: mtengo wa nkhuni zotentha ndi zozizira uli pamtundu wokwanira aliyense.
Insect.Net idzakupulumutsani ku tizilombo toipitsa komanso taopsa!
Ngati mwatopa kulimbana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nyumba mwanu ndipo palibe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono aliyense amene tamupatsa zotsatira zolonjezazi, musathamangire kukhumudwa. Akatswiri a Insect.Net timu azitenga chilichonse m'manja mwawo!
Pa ntchito yathu timagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zamakono. Kukonzekera konse kumayesedwa labotale ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za GOST. Komanso, ngati mukufuna, mutha kupeza kukambirana koyambirira ndi mawu onse othandizira. Tizilombo sitikhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka!
Aliyense kasitomala amalandira chitsimikizo pazomwe timapereka ndipo atha kukhala otsimikiza za mtundu wawo.Mudzakhutitsidwa ndi mgwirizano wathu ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, mudzadziwa kuti mutembenukire kuti.
Mapulogalamu olumikizirana ndi kulumikizana m'masamba ochezera amapezeka patsamba lalikulu la tsamba lovomerezeka. Sankhani Tizilombo.Neterani tizirombo mu nthawi yayifupi kwambiri!
Kukonzekera (0)
Pankhondo yolimbana ndi makoswe, chogulitsa cha Tsunami chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'miyala ndi michere, tirigu wokhala ndi zowonjezera, zowonongeka m'malo opangira nyambo ndi misampha yamoyo. Zida zonsezi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuthana ndi matenda mwachangu komanso moyenera, mutetezere eni malo ndi katundu wawo kuti asawonongeke.
Mfundo zoyenera kuchita pakakonzekera tizirombo
Mukamapha arthropods, mankhwala, njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira kapena zowononga chilengedwe ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mphepo yotentha, madzi otentha, nthunzi, kapena mosinthasintha - kutentha kochepetsedwa, kumatha kuthetsa tizirombo tambiri. Matepi omatira ndi mapepala omata amagwira tizilombo touluka, ndipo kuyika maukonde a udzudzu pazenera kuwalepheretsa kulowa mchipindacho.
Njira zamankhwala zimaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala opangidwira disinfestation (mankhwala ophera tizilombo). Ambiri aiwo amakonzedwa kuti awononge achikulire, koma nthawi zambiri mazira ambiri ndi mphutsi zimakhazikika m'makoloni, ndichifukwa chake matendawa amabwereranso. Pakuwonongeka kwawo, mphutsi ndi ma ovicides apangidwa. Mankhwala onse oterewa amagawika m'magulu kutengera momwe angachitire:
- kulumikizana. Mapiritsi amalowa ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, kulowa mwachindunji m'thupi,
- matumbo. Zimakhudza dongosolo logaya chakudya la tizilombo,
- mafinya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha arthropods kudzera mu kupuma kwawo.
Zina mwazida izi zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana ndi poizoni chlorophos popanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiritsa nkhope zosiyanasiyana kapena zowonjezera poizoni m'zakudya. Mankhwala omwe amapha tizilombo amatha kukhala ma fumbi, mavuvu, ma granu, njira zothetsera mavuto, sopo, ndi zina zambiri. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - sprayers, ndowa za aerosol, ndi zina zotero.
Kuchita bwino kwa malonda ake komanso zoopsa zake kwa anthu ndi nyama zimadalira mtundu wa mawonekedwe. Kuyamba kumaliza ntchitoyo, antchito athu amasankha kuchuluka koyenera kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutengera ntchitoyo komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Mankhwala nawonso amagawidwa:
- Organophosphorous. Amayamba kuwonongeka mwachilengedwe mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwopsa kwawo kwa anthu. Kutengera mtundu wa tizilombo kuti ziwonongeke, othandizira okhala ndi fenthion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, ndi ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Ma pyrethroids opanga. Izi ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Mlingo wocheperako. Imakhala ndi zotsalira zazitali, ndipo ndi mlingo wocheperako, imakhala yotetezeka kwa anthu. Izi zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga cypermethrin, alfacipermetrin, permethrin, lambda-cygalothrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, tetramethrin.
- Organochlorine. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owonjezereka a zochita, kukana mphamvu ndi chilengedwe. Pang'onopang'ono amadziunjikira m'thupi, kuphatikiza umunthu. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwira ntchito, anthu osatetezedwa ndi mankhwala samaloledwa m'malo omwe akukonzedwa.
Tsoka ilo, tizilombo tambiri tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo nthawi yomweyo timalimbana nawo, chifukwa chake njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso mobwerezabwereza. Kugwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro oongolera zachilengedwe kumathandizidwanso - m'malo mwa mankhwala, ma virus, mabakiteriya, kapena mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zinthu zofunika ndizowopsa kwa tizilombo, koma njira zotere ndizopewera.
Mfundo Zowongolera Ndende
Pokhala nyama zamagazi ofunda, makoswe amaonetsa luso lalikulupo kwambiri kuposa tizilombo, ndipo amasintha nthawi yomweyo pamavuto. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira tizilombo kuyenera kukhala kwanzeru kwambiri kuthana ndi vutoli. Njira zosavuta kwambiri zolamulira makoswe ndi zamakina. Misampha ya masika, misampha yamoyo ndi njira zina zimakuthandizani kuti mugwire anthu pawokha, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowachotsa bwinobwino m'chipindacho.
Komabe, njira zamakina zili ndi zovuta. Chifukwa chake, amawononga anthu ochepa okha, ngakhale mu koloni amatha kuchokera ku 150 kapena kupitirira. Chifukwa chake, othandizira opha tizilombo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yomweyi - tizilombo timadyanso nyambo yomwe ili ndi poizoni, kenako nkufa. Komabe, makoswe ndi mbewa zitha kuzindikira kuwopsa pakuwona momwe zimakhudzira abale, chifukwa chake zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse.
Kukonzekera kwa Zakuthira (0)
- khalani m'chipinda chovomerezeka nthawi yopanda matenda,
- Lolani kuti nyama ziyeretsedwe kuzirombo,
- ngati mukuyenera kuyendera zipinda momwe machitidwe oyang'anira tizilombo amagwirira ntchito, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza - masks, magolovesi, maovololo, ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito ikamalizidwa, perekani mpweya wabwino kwa mphindi 30. Munthawi imeneyi, kukhala mkati wopanda zida zotchinga ndizoletsedwa. Chovala chansalu chotsalira m'chipindacho chimayenera kutsukidwa m'madzi otentha. Chitani zonse zolimba ndi yankho la phulusa la sopo ndi sopo. Ntchito iyenera kuchitidwa ndi magolovesi. Kuyeretsa mwachisawawa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika patatha masiku 14 kutengera kuyamwa kwa tizilombo.
Mipando yokwezeka, zinthu zanu ndi ziwiya zake pakataya mafuta
Musanakonzekere chipinda choti chitha kukonza kuchokera ku tizirombo, tiyenera kuwunika chidwi chapadera ndi zinthu zapamwamba komanso zida zapamwamba. Zida, mipando ndi sofa zimatenga mosavuta zinthu zothira, zimadziunjikiranso pazakudya ndi zinthu zanu, ndipo mankhwala omwe atsala pamwambapa amatha kukupweteketsani. Mipando yokwezekayo iyenera kutetezedwa - imathandizidwa ndi nthunzi yotentha kapena mankhwala othira mankhwala (kutengera momwe zinthu zilili), ndikuyipatula monga momwe kungathekere. Malangizo:
- yesani kugwiritsa ntchito matumba otayika ochotsera pofunda - adzafunika atsekedwa mchikwama chomata ndi kutayidwa,
- kuphimba malo owerengera komanso mipando yakunja kwa mipandoyo
- samalani mosamala monga malo amodzi osaphunzitsidwa angachepetse kukonzedwa, kusiya tizilombo kuti tisapulumuke.
Ndikofunika kulipira chisamaliro chapadera pazachitetezo cha zinthu zanu, makamaka, zovala - nsapato, zovala ndi zinthu zina zosatetezedwa ndi tizirombo tiyenera kutseka m'matumba olimba. Ngati angafune, cookware ikhoza kutsalira m'nyumba, koma iyenera kutsukidwa. M'pofunikanso kutsuka mankhwala mutatha kupha matendawa, chifukwa zimatha kuwopsa m'mabanja amwini.
Njira izi zipulumutsa thanzi la anthu onse ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala mnyumba, osadandaula kuti chifukwa chakuwongolera tizilombo, mankhwala owopsa amakhalabe mkati ndikuwopseza. Komanso, kukonzekera mokwanira kudzathandizira ntchito yoyang'anira tizilombo ku kampani yathu, kuyiyendetsa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikuyenda bwino.
Amawoneka bwanji
Matupi a anthu okhwima amagawika magawo atatu: mutu, chifuwa, kumimba kwam'mimba ndi miyendo itatu ndi miyendo. Nyerere zamoto zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndi mutu komanso bulau wamkuwa. Ogwira ntchito kuchokera ku zakuda mpaka zofiira. Kukula kwake kumasiyana kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 mm. Mu chisa, nyerere zakusiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi.
Solenopsis spp. kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikilo zitatu za thupi: Mwendo wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Propodeum yopanda zida. Antennas okhala ndi magawo 10 kuphatikiza magawo awiri. Moto nyerere zimalumautsi wa asidi. Kuluma kumayambitsa kukwiya.Amakhala ndi ululu wapadera pakuluma komwe kumavulaza alkaloid, komanso chibwano cha kuluma.
Khalidwe
Mtundu wa nyerere za nyerere zamoto umapanga malo akuluakulu m'malo owonekera. Amadyetsa ana ang'onoang'ono ndi mbewu. Amagwira nyama zing'onozing'ono ndipo amatha kuzipha. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe iluma, kenako imalaza asidi pachilonda, nyerere zamoto zimaluma kuti ingogwira, kenako ndikuluma (kuyambira m'mimba).
Kudzera mwa mbola, poyizoni wa alkaloid poyizoni, wotchedwa solenopsin, ndi gulu la gulu la piperidine. Kwa anthu, uku ndikuluma kowawa, kumverera kofanana ndi kuwotcha (chifukwa chake dzinali). Kudziwonetsa za poizoni pambuyo pake kumatha kukhala koopsa kwa anthu achisoni.
Nyerere zamoto ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa mitundu yachilengedwe, motero zidakankhira ena kumalo awo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, njuchi zamasamba Euglossa Imperialis, kudzera m'mitundu ya maluwa. Lowani mng'oma kuchokera pansi ndikukulanda zomwe zili m'maselo.
Ndi tizilombo tina
Amadziwika kuti nyerere zofiira moto zimapanga ubale wabwino ndi mitundu ingapo ya agulugufe a Lycaenidae ndi Riodinidae. Ku Lycaena rubidus, mphutsi zimakhazikitsa shuga m'madzi ambiri. Nyerere zimabweza mphutsi ku chisa ndikutchinjiriza gawo la ana posinthanitsa ndi madziwo. Kwa mphutsi za Eurybia elvina, malo osungirako nthaka amamangidwa pama inflorescence.
Nyerere zamoto zimayala m'nthaka, pafupi ndi malo achinyontho, monga m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, maiwe, mapiri, misewu yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri anthill sawoneka, chifukwa amangidwa pansi pa matabwa, mitengo, miyala, njerwa. Ngati palibe pobisalira, timadontho tambiri timamangidwa.
Zitha kuzindikirika pokhapokha malo, monga minda, mapaki, kapinga. Malowa amafika kutalika kwa 40 cm, pamtunda pamtunda wolemera -1.0 ndi 1.5 metres. Makolonu amakhazikitsidwa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono a mfumukazi kapena amodzi.
Ngakhale mfumukazi imodzi yokha ikapulumuka mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo, njuchiyo ndi anthu masauzande. Ena ndi polygynous (ali ndi mfumukazi zingapo pa chisa).
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapirira ndipo timatha kupulumuka madzi osefukira. Pa Hurricane Harvey ku Texas mchaka cha 2017, nyerere zamoto zomwe zimadziwika kuti ma rafts zimawonedwa pamwamba pamadzi. Gulu lililonse limakhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 100,000 omwe amapanga nyumba kwakanthawi mpaka atapeza nyumba yokhazikika.
Nyerere zamoto zimakumba ngalande bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 30% ya anthu anthill, potero kupewa kupezeka m'ming'aluyo.
Mfumukazi
Nyerere zazikulu za moto, zazikazi zobereka, zazikulu kwambiri. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndi kubereka. Mfumukazi ikufuna kukhazikitsa mudzi watsopano pakatha nyengo yakukula. M'malo atsopano, amagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni kupha ziwalo, popanda antchito kuti atiteteze.
Amakhala zaka 7, amapanga mazira 1600 patsiku. Zolemba zawo zili ndi antchito opitirira 250,000. Atsikana ang'ono, aakazi ali ndi mapiko (ngati amuna), koma amawagwetsa atatha kukhwima.
Maudindo ena
Pali mitundu ingapo yamaudindo omwe amachitidwa ndi antchito. Nyerere zazikulu zimadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu komanso nkhono zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maceration ndi chakudya.
Ang'onoang'ono amagwira ntchito zodziwika bwino (kusamalira mazira, mphutsi, pupae, kuyeretsa chisa, kupeza chakudya). Solenopsis daguerrei ilibe antchito - amaonedwa ngati majeremusi ochezera.
Momwe mungachotsere gwero la nyerere zamoto
Mitundu yambiri ya nyerere zamoto sizivutitsa anthu ndipo siilowerera. Solenopsis invicta, yomwe imadziwika kuti nyerere yofiyira moto kumoto (RIFA), imakhala tizilombo tosokoneza mitundu yambiri padziko lapansi: USA, Australia, China, Taiwan.
Zimakhulupirira kuti RIFA idabweretsedwa mwangozi m'maiko kudzera m'mabokosi onyamula. Amakhulupilira kuti amapezeka ku Philippines, koma mwina amasokonezeka ndi Solenopsis geminata.
FDA ikuyerekeza kuti 30-60% ya anthu okhala m'malo okhala ndi kachilomboka amalandila chaka chilichonse.RIFA imapezeka makamaka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa United States:
- Florida
- Georgia
- South Carolina
- Louisiana
- Mississippi,
- Alabama
- magawo aku North Carolina,
- Virginia
- Tennessee,
- Arkansas
- Texas
- Oklahome
- New Mexico,
- California
Ndondomeko zomwe zilipo polamulira dziko kapena mapulogalamu ochotsa mavuto sizothandiza kwenikweni. Tizilombo atizolowera - tsopano ali ndi miyendo yayitali komanso chikhalidwe chatsopano chomwe chimathandiza kupewa ngozi.
Adani achilengedwe
Ntchentche zamtendere, Phoridae, ndi banja lalikulu la ntchentche zazing'ono, zotchedwa humpback, zocheperako kuposa viniga. Mitundu iwiri ya banja lino (Pseudacteon tricuspis, Pseudacteon curvatus) ndi tizirombo ta nyerere zamoto ku South America.
Pafupifupi mitundu 110 ya Pseudacteon afotokozedwa. Ma Pseudoactones amachulukitsa ndikuyika mazira pachifuwa cha nyerere. Mphutsi za m'badwo woyamba zimasunthira kumutu, kenako zimakula, kudya ma hemolymph, minofu, ndi minyewa yamanjenje.
Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, mutu wa kachilomboka kamagwa, ndikumachotsa ma enzyme omwe amasungunula mbali yake yomwe imasungitsa mutu wa nyerere m'thupi. Tizilombo touluka mumutu wovumbulutsidwa womwe umawonekera patatha milungu iwiri.
Ntchentche, ma pseudoactones, ndizovuta zaku chilengedwe kwa Solenopsis. Zimayambitsidwa kum'mwera kwa United States.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe
Anthu amtunduwu sangadzitame pa kukula kwakukulu, akuluakulu amakula mpaka 2 - 6 mm. Gulu la nyerere ndi banja lomwe lili ndi nyumba zingapo. Zokonda zimasiyana pantchito zawo ndipo zimakhala ndi zosiyana zakunja. Thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akuluakulu limakhala ndi magawo atatu, mutu, pamimba ndi chifuwa.
Goosebumps ali ndi awiriawiri miyendo ndi awiri a antennae. Mawonedwe awa amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi ina iliyonse chifukwa cha mtundu wake wowala. Mimba ndi mutu zimakhala ndi ubweya wakuda wa bulauni; anthu ogwira nawo ntchito amatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yonse kuchokera kufiira mpaka bulauni. Momwe amaonekera.
Maonekedwe amphamvu komanso owopsa amawapatsa nsagwada zolimba, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pomenyera ndi kuwazunza. Kuphatikiza pa nsagwada, zimakhala ndi mbola, zomwe zimabweretsa kupweteka kwambiri.
Ngati mbola yagwiritsidwa ntchito, mbola imatulutsa acidic, yomwe imakwiyitsa kwambiri komanso kuyambitsa thupi.
Zomera
Venus flytrap, mbewu yabwino kwambiri, imangokhala ku United States North ndi South Carolina. Pafupifupi 33% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Venus flytrap ndi nyerere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amakopeka nyama ndi msuzi wokoma.
Tizilombo titangolowa mumsampha ndikugwira “tsitsi” ziwiri kapena zitatu, zikuluzikulu zomwe zili pamwamba pa tsamba zimaphimba nyama. Muchepetse kumbuyo kwa "mano" kuzungulira mzere, ndikugaya. Zomera zina zokongoletsa, monga sundew (Drosera), zimagwiranso tizilombo.
Mdani wamkulu wa nyerere zamoto akuphatikizanso mitundu ina ya nyerere, zomwe zimazunza mzindawo munthawi ya maziko a chisa, pomwe palibe antchito oteteza khola lomwe likubwera.
Mafangayi angapo a entomopathogenic ndi adani achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae. Zotsatirazi zimapezeka pamalonda azakuwongolera (mwachitsanzo, popanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo). Ukadaulo watsopano wawonjezera nthawi yake yogwira ntchito komanso yogwira mtima polimbana ndi nyerere zamoto.
Chifundo Solenopsis ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 200. Sikuti aliyense amadziwika kuti ndi nyerere zamoto, ambiri ali ang'onoang'ono, tizilombo tosachedwa, komwe kosakhoza kuluma, komwe kumatchedwa nyerere. Tizilombo ta “zowona” ndi gulu la mitundu 20, zomwe zikuluzikulu komanso kuluma mwankhanza zikasokonekera.
Kuswana
Kukhazikika kwawo mwachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, koma izi sizikuwalepheretsa kuti azikhala ndikukhalamo m'maderamo. Mosasamala kanthu komwe adasankha kukhazikika, gawo limayesedwa kaye ndi nyerere za scout.
Ntchito yawo ndikuwunika momwe angakhazikitsire chisa ndikuyang'ana magwero a chakudya, izi ndiye njira zazikulu zopezera malo. Gawo likayandikira, gulu lakale limayamba kusuntha. Anthu otchuka amphongo ndi amuna ndi akazi, omwe ali ndi mapiko, amawuluka kupita ku chisa chatsopano pafupifupi choyamba.
Mtunduwu uli ndi kuthekera kwapadera, anthu obereketsa amatha kubereka ana pawokha ngati kuli kotheka kuti abwezere mzere wa nyerere zomwe zikugwira ntchito. Chiberekero chikugwiranso ntchito kuti mbeu iberekenso, imaberekanso akazi ndi amuna. Chiberekero chimodzi chimatha kuyikira mazira 250,000 m'moyo wake.
Sikuti nthumwi zonse zamtunduwu zomwe zimawononga nthawi yake kukonza nyumba zawo ndikupanga anthill. Mwachitsanzo, ku Argentina goosebumps amatha kusankha chisa cha zokwawa m'magulu awo, amathamangitsa zozungulira ndi malo okhala otentha.
Koma sasiya pamenepo, mbadwa zotsala zomwe zatsala mchisa zija zimwalira. Nyerere zimadya mazira, osapatsa mwayi wochepa kwambiri wa kukula ndi kupulumuka.
Achibale ndi ana awo, mphutsi zimatuluka mazira omwe amawoneka ngati nyongolotsi. Anthu pakadali pano pachitukuko ali osathandiza kwenikweni, sangathe kudzidyetsa okha, kukulitsa, komanso kupitilira apo kukhala popanda thandizo la ogwira ntchito.
Mphutsi imayenera kudutsa moloti angapo, ndipo mult aliyense umayamba kuwonjezeka ndipo kukula kwake kumawonjezeka, kenako kumadzisintha kukhala chrysalis. Amasamalidwanso ndi ma bulu amagwira ntchito, nthawi ikakwana yoti asamukire gawo lina, amamuthandiza kuti atuluke.
Nyerere zakumoto zotengera kunja
Tizilombo tofiyira tofiyira (Solenopsis Invicta) ndi mbadwa ku South America, komwe kakufalikira ku Australia, New Zealand, Asia, ndi Pacific. United States of America (USA). International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN) yawatcha mtundu umodzi mwazosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Zakudya
Zakudya zawo ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo ndizopezeka muzomera komanso nyama. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, amadya zakudya zazing'ono, tizilombo, zomwe zingakhale zazikulupo kuposa izo.
Koma sasiya pamenepo, amatha kuthana ndi achule, njoka, mbewa. Ngati apeza mtembo wa nyama yayikulu, sangadutse, koma asunga chakudya pamudzi wawo.
Anthu okhala mdziko lathu
Ngati titha kunena za gawo la dziko lathu, mtunduwu ndi wosowa kwambiri, chifukwa malo oterewa siabwino kwenikweni. Gawo lathu limakhala nyerere zofiira, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri anthu amoto. Poyerekeza ndi owopsa, simungathe kuwatcha iwo achiwawa konse, koma m'malo mwake, amawoneka amtendere kwambiri motsutsana ndi maziko awo.
Amakhala zachilengedwe, amakonda kupangira anthillion m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino, zowuma. Ndizilombo zothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji pakupanga dothi lamankhwala opangira michere, kuphatikiza, ndimadongosolo a nkhalangoyi, chifukwa amawononga tizirombo. Kwa anthu, sizikhala ndi ngozi iliyonse.
Kuvulaza nyerere zamoto
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timawononga kwambiri. Amachititsa manyazi anyani, tizilombo tothandiza, kumenya abale awo, kuukira mbalame ndi ziweto. Alibe kusiyana konse kuti amenyane ndi ndani komanso kukula kwa omwe akumenyedwa. Amenya mosavuta nyama zazikulu ndipo anthu sangawaletse.
Amatha kuwononga chakudya chochuluka, kukhazikika m'malo osungiramo zinthu. Nthawi zambiri amakwera mumagetsi, amapangira chisa pamenepo, chomwe chimatsogolera pamagetsi, ndipo nthawi zina zimayatsa moto.
Amakhala osaganizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kumenya nkhondo yayikulu sikumveka.
Pali nthawi zina pomwe anthu okhala mnyumba adakakamizidwa kuti atuluke mnyumba yawo, chifukwa gululi silingayende.
Kodi kuluma ndi koopsa?
Samenya okha omwe amawazunza.Gululi limatsutsana ndi wosankhidwa, pomwe limaluma kangapo ndikuluma ndi poizoni. Pochulukirapo, poizoniyu samadzetsa mavuto akulu, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa poizoni, thupi limakhala lovuta kukana.
Zowawa za gulu lotere zimatsogolera kuti munthu afe. Ngati mungayang'ane ziwerengero, ndiye ku America mchaka chimodzi zopitilira 30 za kuukiridwa kwa tizilombo tokhala ndi zotsatira zakupha za munthu zalembedwa.
Chithandizo choyambira
Ngati mungakhumudwe ndi omwe akupha awa, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungakhalire moyenera zoterezi. Kumbukirani kuti ma bumpu omwe amateteza chiwopsezo cha anthill, ngati akuwopsezedwa, adzalimbana mwamphamvu.
Chifukwa chake, mukaona kuti ma bumps awa akuwukirani, muyenera kuchoka msanga momwe mungathere. Ndiye muyenera kuchotsa tizilombo tokha, sizikupanga nzeru kugwirana, amagwiritsitsa nyama yawo mwamphamvu.
Simungathe kuwapha ndi kuwaphwanya. Chowonadi ndi chakuti anthu awa amanunkhira bwino akamva kufa kwa wachibale, ichi chidzakhala chizindikiro kwa iwo chowopsa ndipo abale awo adzapulumutsa, zomwe zidzakulitsa kwambiri vutoli. Ndikofunikira, ngati nkotheka, kuti gawo lolumikizidwa liyende bwino, izi sizotheka nthawi zonse.
Dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi thupi liyenera kutsukidwa, ndikofunikira kuti muike kanthu kena kozizira kuti muchepetse kudzisunga, onetsetsani kuti mumamwa antihistamine. Nthawi yomweyo pitani kuchipatala kuti mukathandizidwe, poizoniyu angayambitse pulmonary edema, yomwe imabweretsa imfa.
Kuopsa kwa zinyama
Nyama, sizili zowopsa; zikagwidwa, nyamayo imamva kupweteka kwambiri. Palinso mwayi wakufa. Ngati galuyo walumidwa ndi tsekwe chotere, ayamba kukulitsa kukopa kwachisoni, kutupa ndi erythema. Tsiku lonse, nyama imakhala ndi zizindikiro.
Amaluma ziweto m'malo omwe tsitsi limachepera, motero pamimba, makutu, ndi kupukutira nthawi zambiri kumavutika. Ngati gome atagunda ng'ombe zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri izi zimapangitsa khungu la khungu, mwa ena, kumwalira. Tizilombo timakonda kuvutitsa anthu ofooka omwe satetezedwa kuposa amphamvu komanso athanzi. Pochizira nyama, corticosteroids, mankhwala othandizira, mafuta ogwiritsa ntchito.
Pali milandu yodziwika yokhudza kuvutitsa akalulu, zimbudzi, agologolo, anapiye akadzidzi, ndi zina zonse. Tizilombo timeneti timapha. Nyama ikagwidwa, imakhomera malo olumidwa kuchokera ku zowawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zimameze tizilombo izi.
Akalowa mkatikati mwa nyamayo, amakhalabe ndi moyo kwakanthawi ndipo amapitilirabe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'mimba muwonongeke.
Monga mukuwonera, kuvulaza kwa iwo kumangokhala kwakukulu, ndipo ku USA ndalama zambiri, khama ndi nthawi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana nazo, koma, mwatsoka, sizingatheke kuchotsa omwe akupha. Njira zosiyanasiyana zomenyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma helikopita amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mankhwala ophera tizirombo, anthu modzimira amafukula anthyl pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kuti athe kuwonongeratu chisa, kudzaza zigawo ndi madzi otentha, koma izi sizibweretsa zotsatira, anthu, zinyama zikupitilirabe kuvutika, ndipo zakudya zimawonongekanso.
Pambuyo pa kulimbana kwa zaka zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri, zidatsimikiziridwa kuti kuuluka kwa humpback ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yochotsera nyerere zoyipazi.
Samadya nyerere, koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira yothandiza kwambiri kuwononga anthu. Ntchentche imeneyi imayala ana mwachindunji pa nyerere zokhala ndi moyo, imadzinyamula mazira okha mpaka ikadzaswa ndi mphutsi, yomwe mothandizidwa ndi enzyme yapadera imapha mabampu a goose. Mathandizidwe ake amaphwanya mutu wa nyerere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphutsi zizidya ndikukula.
Mwachidule
Inde, anthu awa amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa tizilombo taopsa kwambiri; amatha kupweteketsa kakang'ono.Mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka, 'antchito "amatha kumana munthu chakudya.
Amakhala ndi mabakiteriya ndi matenda pawokha, zomwe zimatha kudzetsa matenda a anthu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuukira madera akuluakulu kungachititse kuti imfa ya anthu ndi nyama. Ndi zovuta kuti tichotse iwo, bvula misonkhano ndi bwino kupewa.
Nyerere zangozi kwambiri padziko lapansi - ngozi kwa anthu ndi komwe amakhala!
Nyerere Galuwamkulu - ikulongosola, maonekedwe ngozi anthu
Leaf wodula nyerere - ikulongosola, mayendedwe amoyo, zimaonetsa mitundu ndi evolutionarily patsogolo!
Kodi nyerere zopanda utoto zimawoneka bwanji ndipo chifukwa chiyani zimadzaza nyumba? Kugwiritsa Nyerere ndewu Yosagwiritsa
Mbiri ya Red Nyerere
Ngakhale zaka 100 zapitazo, nyerere za moto zinkangokhala ku Brazil, mpaka mwamwayi mu 1930s adabwera ndi zombo zamalonda ku imodzi mwa madoko a Alabama, USA. Kamodzi mu nyengo yabwino kwa iwo, silinkakwaniritsa akutsutsidwa ku zomera, anayamba chulukanani mofulumira, pang'onopang'ono lophunzira madera a mayiko onse chakumwera cha North America ndi Mexico.
Kale mu 2001, kachiwiri, mothandizidwa ndi malonda apanyanja, adafika ku Australia, New Zealand, ndiye kuti China, ku Philippines ndi zilumba ang'onoang'ono Pacific.
Maiko ambiri akuphunzira mtundu wamtunduwu, akupanga kafukufuku wa sayansi, akupanga njira zowonongera, komanso njira zochitira anthu ndi nyama kuchokera kulumwa kwawo. Onse zomvetsa US ofanana kwa $ 5 biliyoni chaka chilichonse, omwe anakhala pa chithandizo kwa anthu omwe avulala ndi nyama pa mankhwala kuonongeka kwawo.
Mu ndondomeko ya kukhala m'dera latsopano, moto nyerere kuwononga osati anthu ndi ziweto, iwo aithamangitse ndi aphe abale awo a mitundu m'deralo, iwo akhoza kuukira zisa za ng'ona, akamba ndi mbalame ili si pamwamba pansi.
Kufotokozera zamtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake
The moto nyerere ali ndi kukula ochepa: akazi ndi 2-4 mm mtundu red-bulauni, amuna ndi mdima, pafupifupi wakuda. The chithunzi cha mapulogalamu wofiira nyerere kuti thupi lake imakhala ndi mutu ndi pakamwa, thupi, 6 miyendo amphamvu, ya ndevu zapamlomo wapamwamba ndi mbola, zomwe Zikubisa pamimba.
Mwachilengedwe, amapanga malo otsika, ndikupanga mapa pansi mpaka 0,5 m kutalika ndi mainchesi. Pali kugawa bwino maudindo anchito olima chakudya, alonda, omanga, ndi nannies amene kudyetsa ana.
Pakati pa zisa angapo, nyerere kumanga Mipikisano mita ndime mobisa imene iwo akhoza kuthamanga kudutsa ndipo, pamene kukumana ndi loyandikana "ankhondo," ndewu.
Zimakhudza luntha lawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuti akhale ndi moyo. Ngakhale amapitirira dziko, koma kwawo kawirikawiri amadwala madzi osefukira. Kuti tipulumuke, nyerere ofiira anali kufika zoterozo njira ya chipulumutso monga raft wamoyo kwa matupi awo, ananamizira ndi mphamvu za nsagwada. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatha kuyandama kwa milungu ingapo.
Pamene alumidwa, nyerere amagwiritsa mbola ndi injects pa mfundo zingapo ululu wa solenopsin m'dziko la kalasi ya alkaloids. Izo zimayambitsa kupweteka moto amene akumverera ngati lamoto Ku moto umene anapereka dzina limeneli kwa tizilombo ndi. Anthu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto losagwirizana, lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi kutupa, kusanza, chizungulire, kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic ndipo ngakhale kufa nkotheka. Matuza kuonekera mu malo, pambuyo kuchiritsa amene zipsera nthaŵi zambiri amakhalabe.
Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Kubereka
Zomera ndi chakudya nyama zimene linthumbu kudya ndi zimene anthu pamudzi Adyetsa. Awa ndi udzu, mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mphutsi zawo, mbozi, komanso nyama zazing'ono: mbewa, achule, abuluzi ndi njoka, mazira a mbalame, zovunda ndi mitembo ya nyama.
Pa kusakasaka ndi Nyerere, zinthu pamodzi. Pomenyana woberedwa, iwo bayani ndi mlingo wa poizoni mu izo, zomwe zimabweretsa aakulu yoyaka kutengeka ndi ululu, moti patapita akhoza kudyedwa yoletsedwa kapena anakokera m'nyumba kudyetsa mphutsi kukula.
Monga oimira tizilombo tonse, kakulidwe ka nyerere kumachitika m'magawo anayi:
- Kutulutsa kwa dzira la chiberekero, pomwe mkazi m'modzi amapereka mwana wokwanira 250,000 m'moyo wake,
- kutuluka dzira la mphutsi zofanana ndi nyongolotsi yaying'ono, yomwe imadyetsedwa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito mderalo,
- chidole,
- Kusintha kukhala kachilombo wamkulu.
Nyerere zamoto ndizosangalatsa asayansi: amuna ndi akazi ena amatha kudzilimbitsa kuti achulukitse anthu ogwira ntchito.
Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha nyerere ndi njira zovuta
Ngakhale zilombo zamoto zimabweretsa zabwino mwa kudya tizirombo ta chimanga, nyemba, kubzala mpunga ndi mabango, koma zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto.
Kukhazikika m'dera lina, nyerere zimavulaza chilengedwe komanso ulimi:
- imalirira nyama zoweta ndi zoweta, zomwe zimakhudza minda ndi eni ake.
- Dyetsani mbewu za malo olimapo,
- idyani nkhokwe m'minda,
- kuwononga nyumba
- Kukhazikitsa ma anthill pa njira zothandizira kuphatikiza ndi kusinja, kusokoneza ntchito wamba.
Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, asayansi aku America agwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri ndi njira zowonongera nyerere zamoto. Poyamba, ankayesetsa kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, kupopera mankhwala kuchokera ku ma helikopita. Kenako njirayi idapezeka kuti ndi yoyipa kwa tizilombo komanso nyama zoyandikana.
Polimbana ndi "kuwukira kwa moto", adagwiritsa ntchito njira zokumba zisa, kuwathira ndi madzi otentha ndi nayitrogeni wamadzi, koma munthawi imeneyi, chiberekero chinaphunzira kukwawa kwambiri pansi ndikudikirira zovuta zonse zomwe zili pamenepo kuti zizikwawa ndi kuyikira mazira, kuti zitsimikizire kukula kwakale kwa nyerere.
Njira yoyamba yolimbirana inali kuswana kwa ntchentche za humpback, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nyerere kukula ana awo. Mbidzi imayikira dzira lake mwachindunji, ndipo mphutsi yosemedwayo, yolimbitsa chakudya chake mothandizidwa ndi imfine, imadya pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku 40.
Koma zonsezi sizimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino, komanso kukhazikitsanso nyerere zofiira padziko lonse lapansi kukupitilizabe.
Nyerere yofiyira ... Wikipedia
Nyerere ya moto -? Nyerere za moto Gulu la asayansi Ufumu: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Arthropods ... Wikipedia
Nyerere yofiyira -? Kutentha kwa nyere Moto wa nyerere Moto wa nyerere Solenopsis invicta Gulu la sayansi ... Wikipedia
Tengani moto wofiira -? Lowetsani moto ant nyere ofiira ofiira Otentha ...
Solenopsis - Liwu loti "Solenopsis" lilinso ndi tanthauzo lina: onani Solenopsis (matanthauzo). ? Solenopsis ... Wikipedia
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Mabuku
- Tizilombo, The Animal Animal Series Chosindikiza chilichonse chili ndi zochititsa chidwi 50 zodabwitsa zachilengedwe, zolengedwa, mbalame, ... Gulu: Zinyama ndi Zomera Padziko Lonse: Gulu Lodabwitsa la Zinyama: Hobbiteka, Gulani ma ruble 218
- Tizilombo, The Animal Animal World Series ndi buku laling'ono lazinthu zowoneka bwino zokhudzana ndi zinyama za dziko lathuli. Makina aliwonse ali ndi zochititsa chidwi 50 zodabwitsa zachilengedwe, zolengedwa, mbalame, ... Gulu:
Nyerere zofiira zimakhala ndi zowopsa pang'ono kuposa zomwe zimasonkhana. Kupatula apo, tizilombo timeneti timadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zonse. Ngakhale akatswiri ati lingaliro ili ndilokokomeza.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Komwe kubalako nyerere yamoto imaganiziridwa kuti ndi ku Brazil, komwe adatulukira pomwe. Popita nthawi, tizilombo toopsa tidasamukira ku United States. Izi zidachitika mu 1900, pomwe mayiko adayamba kukhazikitsa malonda apadziko lonse. Nyerere zamoto zimasamukira limodzi ndi ng'ombe.
Masiku ano, nthumwi za mtunduwu zimatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a Mexico, Australia, Malaysia, China ndi Philippines. Amagawidwanso kwambiri kuzilumba zambiri za Pacific.
Amalekerera kusintha kwa nyengo komanso amatha kusambira, chifukwa cha apadera. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu amagogoda limodzi m'magulu, akumamatirana mwamphamvu ndikupanga mtundu. Sangakhale moyo wokhazikika pamtunduwu,, akangopeza malo, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kukonza.
Nyengo yovuta ku Russia ndiyabwino kwambiri kwa anthu amtunduwu, chifukwa chake, mpaka pano palibe tizilombo tambiri tofiyira moto tomwe tawonapo gawo la Russian Federation.
Zosiyanitsa
Kusiyanitsa nyerere zowopsa kuchokera kosavuta. Ali ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri. Amuna amakhala akuda, pafupifupi akuda. Akuluakulu samasiyana. Chachikulu kwambiri m'banja la nyerere ndi. Imatha kufika 6 mm. Otsaliraawo amakula pafupifupi 2-4 mm. Kukula kwawo kumadalira moyo wam'midziyo. Mu gawo limodzi, onse akulu ndi ang'ono kwambiri amatha kukhalapo.
Nyerere zamoto zili ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, omwe ali ndi magawo atatu:
Pamutu pa munthu aliyense pamakhala zibwano zamphamvu, zomwe zimatchedwa mandibles. Ndi thandizo lawo, nyerere zimagwira chakudya, zimanyamula zinthu komanso zimawopseza adani. Nyerere zamoto zimatha kuugwira. Kapangidwe ka maso kamene kamakupatsani mwayi woti mutsatire wolondora molondola kwambiri ndikuwongolera zochitika zomwe zikuzungulira. Thupi limatha ndikuluma kwakukulu, mothandizidwa ndi omwe anthu amadzichitira okha.
Nyerere zamoto sizimenya popanda chifukwa. Amatha kuwonetsa mkwiyo pokhapokha ngati akuwona kuti kuwopsa kwawo kuli pangozi.
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi kukula kwam'mimba. Zachilengedwe zayala kuti anthu azitha kugaya zakudya zovuta. Komanso mu gawo ili muli ziwalo zonse zothandizira kubereka.
Mawonekedwe Amphamvu
Nyerere zamoto sizolondola posankha chakudya, chifukwa chake zimatha kudziwidwa ndi gulu la omnivores. Monga chakudya chomwe amagwiritsa:
- Zotsalira za chakudya chamunthu.
- Madzi a chomera.
- Mapesi.
- Carrion.
M'magulu, amatsutsana ndi ma invertebrates, kafadala, ndi amphibians. Cholinga chapadera kwa iwo ndi ofooka kapena odwala. Ponena za zomwe nyerere zofiira zimadya, ndikofunikira kuzindikira mbozi ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.
Pokhala moyandikana ndi anthu, nyerere zamoto zimalakalaka kudya moyenera. Ngakhale palibe zakudya zaulere pagulu, nthumwi za mtundu wowopsa zimatha kudya zopangidwa ndi zikopa zenizeni, guluu kapena mapepala.
Bungwe la moyo
Nyerere zamoto zimakhala ndi njira yothandizira moyo. Mabanja amakhala ndi mabanja atatu:
Mosiyana ndi abale ena am'banja lamoto, pakhoza kukhala anthu angapo nthawi imodzi omwe amachititsa mazira. Izi zimawathandiza kuthamanga mosangalatsa. Ogwira ntchito ndi akazi omwe sangathe kubereka ana.
Gulu la ana limaphatikizira magawo onse a moyo mpaka munthu wamkulu: mazira, mphutsi ndi pupae. Kukula kwawo kumadalira kwathunthu kwa akuluakulu. Anthu omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa anthu amabisa ana amtsogolo mtsogolo mozama momwe angathere pachowongolera ndipo amayang'anitsitsa zakudya zawo.
Nyerere zamoto zimayesa kupangira nyumba yawo pafupi ndi komwe kumachokera chakudya. Itha kukhala malo olimapo kapena nyumba za anthu. Ndiye chifukwa chake m'maiko omwe oyimira mitundu yamoto akumana, ntchito yogwira ntchito ikuchitika pamodzi ndi anthu. Chithunzi cha nyerere yofiyira chimafalitsidwa pafupipafupi, amachenjezedwa za kuopsa kwakuluma kwake ndi njira zodziwira. Komanso, mankhwala othandizira azinthu zaulimi, kuwongolera zoweta zanyama ndi maphunziro oyamba a kulumwa kumachitika.
Kuposa owopsa
Nthawi zina kuluma kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri ndipo mwinanso kungayambitse mantha anaphylactic. Popanda thandizo lapadera, munthu akhoza kufa.
Kuphatikiza pa kuluma kowopsa, nyerere yamoto imawononga kwambiri:
- ulimi, kuwononga minda yayikulu ya mbewu zamtengo wapatali,
- Kuweta ziweto -
- moyo wakunyumba - anthu amadya chakudya chochuluka, amathanso kukuta kudzera pamagetsi amagetsi, machitidwe oterewa abweretsanso kuzungulira kwachidule komanso moto weniweni.
Vutoli limasokonekera chifukwa chosowa njira zabwino zothanirana ndi tiziromboti. Kupatula apo, alibe zomwe akufuna ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku sikukhudza zochita zawo. Panali zochitika pamene anthu anakakamizidwa kusintha malo omwe amakhala pambuyo poti nkhondo yofiyira yafika.
Polankhula za zolakwa ndi zoopsa zomwe nyerere zofiira zimakhala nazo, muyenera kuwayang'anira. Mtunduwu, monga abale ake ambiri, ndiwodziwika bwino mwadongosolo lomwe lidakhalako. Kupatula apo, amamasula mundawo ku mitembo ya nyama zazing'ono ndi tizilombo. Ndipo kapangidwe ka anthill kamasintha dothi labwino, kumadzaza ndi mpweya ndi michere.
Chifukwa chake, kuchita nkhondo yopanda nzeru polimbana ndi tizilombo sizothandiza, chifukwa izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni. Ntchito ya munthu sikuti kusokoneza nyerere zamoto ndikuyesayesa kusunganso mitundu yamtengo wapataliyi.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambira mu hymenopteran order - nyerere, ndi chizindikiro cha kulimbikira. Kutha kwake kusunthira katundu kangapo kulemera kwake komwe kumakhala kwapadera. Mitundu ina ilibe vuto lililonse, koma pali ina yomwe imabweretsa chiopsezo ku thanzi la nyama ndi anthu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nyerere yamoto
Zomwe sizingachitike pafupipafupi ndiye zazing'ono zomwe zimachitika kuluma kwa nyerere yamoto zakupha zimadziwika. Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa cha poizoni yemwe ali ndi alkaloid a solenopsin, omwe amatulutsidwa ndikuluma.
Zimakhudza zinthu monga moto. Palibe chowopsa chilichonse chifukwa chakuti amasintha bwino kwambiri zinthu zatsopano kuwonongedwa kwa biocenoses omwe adalipo kale. Zokha zimachokera ku Brazil, koma zidafalikira kale kudzera munjira zamadzi kupita ku China, New Zealand, USA, ndi Philippines.
Amawoneka okongola chithunzi cha nyerere zamoto. Komabe ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zamagetsi zopangidwa bwino. Ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yolimba kwambiri.
Thupi limachokera ku 2 mpaka 6 ml kukula kwake, kutalika kwake kumadalira malo okhala ndi tizilombo. Mu gawo limodzi, zinyenyeswazi ndi "zimphona" zimakhalira limodzi. Thupi lawo ndi magawo atatu: mutu, chifuwa, m'mimba.
Sikuti amangokhala ofiira, komanso ofiira kapena ofiira. Mtundu wam'mimba nthawi zonse umakhala wakuda. Tizilomboti timatchedwa pagulu chifukwa cha utsogoleri:
- zazikazi - zokhala ndi mapiko oyenda, tinyanga tating'onoting'ono mpaka ma PC 12.,
- amuna - komanso okhala ndi mapiko, azungu mpaka 13 ma PC.,
- ogwira ntchito - popanda iwo, amagwiritsa ntchito ma PC 12.
Aliyense ali ndi ndefu yayikulu - masapus. Mbola imabisidwa pamimba, koma pali mitundu ina ndi singano yotchulidwa.
Khalidwe la nyerere zamoto ndi malo okhala
Malo otentha adzakhala malo abwino gwero la nyerere zamoto. Chifukwa chake, amakonda kukhala m'malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo olimapo, koma amakhala kunyumba yokhayo.
Monga payekhapayekha, amapezeka komanso kusaka limodzi. Choyamba, amafalikira kudzera m thupi la womenyedwayo kupyola miyendo, kukumba pakhungu, ndiye mothandizidwa ndi mbola amapanga gawo looneka la solenopsin.
Kutengera mlingo, wolakwiridwayo amalandila ululu wosapweteka ndi bala lofanana ndi kutentha kwamatenthedwe, kapena kufa nonse. Pa moyo wamtendere, kugawa maudindo momveka bwino kumayang'aniridwa mkati mwa anthill, wina amanga, amateteza, kuyamwitsa ana, ndi omwe amapereka zinthu zofunika.
M'mayiko omwe akukhala, ndalama zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nthaka, zowongolera zanyama, komanso chithandizo chotsatira cha kuluma kuti awononge matenda.
Anayesa kuchotsa zisa pokumbira magwero, koma zazikazi zobisika zimabisala m'malo ambiri obisika, mpaka 1 m kuya, ndikuyambiranso kukhazikika. Pali nthawi zina pamene anthu adachotsedwa kumalo awo okhala, ndipo nyerere zofiira adakhala.
Chakudya Chotenthetsa Moto
Zikuwoneka zachilendo, koma pali kanthu kena kochita ndi awa omwe amanyenga. Amadya tizirombo tambiri:
- chimanga ndi nyemba,
- mpunga
- nzimbe, etc.
Koma vutoli likukulirakulira. Kuchokera nyerere zamoto amphibians ochepa amavutika kwambiri, omwe amayenera kusintha ma morphology awo, chikhalidwe chawo ndi mazira osowa.
Ziweto sizimagwirizana ndi "abale" awo, ofanana ndi iwo, akupikisana nawo chakudya. Sikuti amangokhala zilombo, komanso azitsamba. Pa chithunzi moto ant pafupifupi chimagwidwa nthawi zonse ponyamula china chake kumbuyo kuti chimangidwe kapena chakudya:
- mphukira, mitengo
- nsikidzi zosiyanasiyana, mbozi,
- mphutsi
- zirombo.
Ntchentche ya Humpback (Phoridae) wa mtundu wa Pseudacteon
Mitundu Pseudacteon tricuspis ndi Pseudacteon curvatus adawonetsedwa makamaka kum'mwera kwa United States kuchokera ku South America kuti apange kayendedwe kazilombo ka nyerere zamoto. Zinaonedwa kuti nyerere za Solenopsis geminata pamaso pa ntchentche ya Pseudacteon zimachepetsa kuyambika kwawo pazifukwa zotetezeka.
Ntchentche zazimake zazikulu, pogwiritsa ntchito ovipositor pakuwomba kofulumira, zimayikira dzira limodzi pachifuwa ndi antchito ogwira ntchito. Mphutsi zimayamba kukhala kumeneko pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena itatu, kenako zimasunthira kumutu wa nyerere, pomwe zimapitilirabe kudya ndi hemolymph ndikumagwira minyewa, ndikupangitsa kuti nyerere zife pang'onopang'ono. Mphutsi yokhwima imakhazikika pamalo omwewo, m'mutu wa nyerere, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri, kutengera kutentha, wopatsa tizilombo wamkulu kuchokera pachimbudzi. Ndi bulu uyu, mutu wa nyerere imagwa, chifukwa chake dzina la Chingerezi la ntchentche zamtunduwu limachokera ku: "Ntchentche zowononga moto '.
Humpback amawulukira vs nyerere
- Werengani zambiri: Genus: Solenopsis = Nyerere za moto
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/3523/kak-nazivaetsya-krasniy-3E9A22.jpg)
Pakulimbana kwanthawi yayitali ndi nyerere zamoto kum'mwera kwa USA, kupambana kumatheka chifukwa cha ntchentche yaying'ono koma yowopsa kwa iwo. Zimadana ndi nyerere kulikonse: zimaluma anthu, zimawononga anapiye, zimayambitsa mizere yazifupi pama waya wamagetsi, komanso zimapanikiza mitundu ya nyerere zakomweko.
Koma, monga momwe zilili, nyerere zamoto zapeza opikisana nawo kwambiri machitidwe a ntchentche za humpback. Ntchentche zamtoto zimakonda ku South America, komwe kuli nyerere zambiri za moto, ndipo zazikazi za ntchentche zimatha kuyikira mazira. Dzira limayamba kukhala mphutsi yomwe imawongolera machitidwe a nyerere - imawoneka "ikulitsogolera" pamalo achinyezi (mphutsi za ntchentche zimayamwa mwachangu) patali kuti zisatayike nyerere zina. Kenako mphutsi zimadya bongo wa nyerere, yomwe mutu wake umasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi, ndipo pakatha masiku 40 munthu wamkulu akuuluka amachotsedwa pamutu ya nyerere.
"Ntchentche imeneyi imangowononga nyerere - imasinthira nyerere kukhala Zombies," atero Sanford Porter, katswiri wazamaphunziro ku US Department of Agriculture.
Kuyambira 1997, ofufuza alowetsamo ndi kutaya ntchentche zingapo ku Florida ndi Texas, amodzi mwa madera omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri. Ndipo pamapeto pake, kuchuluka kwa ntchentche kukuyandikira gulu lazovuta kuti ayambe kuwongolera machitidwe a nyerere, ofufuzawo atero. M'mbuyomu ntchentche zomwe zidatulutsidwa zidagunda anthill. Koma chaka chino, asayansi akukonzekera kuzikhazikitsa m'malo omwe njira za nyerere zayikidwapo, ndipo ngati zonse zikuyenda monga mwa mapulani, nyerere zimasokonezeka ndi ntchentche pa anthill komanso m'njira zawo. "Tizilombo touluka tikamasula, zimakhala bwino," akutero a Scott Ludwig, dokotala wothandizira ku yunivesite ya Texas A&M ndi anzawo.
War of Annihilation Rob Plows, wofufuza ku University of Texas, adati nyerere zoyambirira moto kuchokera ku Argentina kupita ku Mobile, Alabama, kumayambiriro kwa 1930s, mwina kuchokera ku sitima yokhala ndi zokolola, kenako, m'ma 1950s. inayamba kufalikira ku Texas. "Ndipo akufalikirabe," a Plows adawonjeza. Malinga ndi iye, nkhondo yolimbana ndi nyerere yakhala ndi mbiri yayitali, kuyambira kuwonongeka kwawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, posachedwa, kuwongolera kwachilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwazinthu za humpback kwatsimikiza, koma enawo adakwanitsa kufalikira mpaka theka la zigawo za US zomwe zikuvutika ndi nyerere, ndipo zikuyenera kufalikira mpaka zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, Porter adati.
Kummwera kwa Texas chaka chatha, Ludwig ndi mnzake adatulutsa mtundu wa Pseudacteon obtusus, womwe umawononga nyerere, koma udalephera kufalikira. Chaka chino, ofufuza amatulutsa R. obtusus m'malo awiri, umodzi kumwera kwa Texas, osayandikira komwe adamasulidwa kale. Monga asayansi akuyembekeza, tsiku limodzi labwino magawo omwe magawikidwe ake amagwirira ntchito, omwe amachititsa kuti nyererezi zigwere mbali zingapo.
Gulu lachiwiri lidzamasulidwa ku East Texas, komwe kulibe mitundu ya ntchentche za humpback zomwe sizigwiritsidwe ntchito. Nyengo ku East Texas ndiwotentha kwambiri kuposa kumwera, zomwe zimapangitsa malo abwino kupulumukira kwanyumba. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsira ntchito ntchentche za humpback polimbana ndi nyerere zamoto, ma labotale angapo akutenga nawo mbali popanga bowa ndi ma virus omwe atha kufalitsa mazira a ntchentchezi. "Chifukwa chake, nkhondo yolimbana ndi nyerere idzachitika mwachilengedwe," adatero Porter.
Zachilengedwe
Nyerere zamoto ndizovuta kwambiri, zimakonda kudya nyama zapadziko lapansi monga tizilombo, achule, zokwawa, mbalame, zinyama. Chotsani kapena kuwononga nyama zam'deralo.
Zimawopseza mbewu zakumunda chifukwa zimadya ndikuwononga mbewu, mbande. Izi zimayambitsa zowononga zachilengedwe pakapita nthawi.
Zachikhalidwe
Nyerere zamoto ndizowopsa kwaanthu chifukwa chakuluma, komwe kumayambitsa kupweteketsa mtima. Amasinthana kuti aukire ndi kuluma mobwerezabwereza.
Kulumwa kumatha kupha ngati thupi lonse siligwirizana. Pali chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ngati ma vesicles kapena ma pustule omwe amayamba chifukwa chakuluma awonongeka.
Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga barbecue, picnics, masewera, sizotheka kumadera omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa. Ziweto zimathanso kulumidwa ndikuvulazidwa, kulimbana ndi zovuta zina, kapena kuchititsidwa khungu chifukwa cha poyizoni.
Zachuma
Tizilombo timapha nyama ndi mbewu, ndipo ziweto zatsopano zimakhala zosatetezeka. Nyerere zamoto zimabowola maso, pakamwa, mphuno, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu, kutupira, kuperewera.
Lowani m'malo osungirako chakudya ndi madzi a nyama, osapatsa chakudya, zomwe zimabweretsa njala ndi kusowa kwamadzi. Zowonongeka, kudya mbewu, kudutsa mizu ndi zimayambira.
Amateteza tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa "powdery hlobo." Kukhalapo kwa tiziromboti kumakhudza mtundu wa zinthu, zimathandizira kufalikira kwa matenda.
Ku United States, nkhonya zamoto zinawononga zida monga zida zothirira ndi zida zowonongeka panthawi yokolola.
Anthill - vuto pamtunda, malo amasewera, masewera a gofu. Nyerere zimawononga misewu, njira, zida zamagetsi zamtengo wapatali, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Maonekedwe aku Europe
Myrmica rubra, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi nyerere yamoto ku Europe kapena nyerere wamba yofiyira, yachokera ku mtundu wa Myrmica. Imapezeka ku Europe konse, ikulowerera m'malo ena a North America, Asia. Imakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira, wokhala ndi utoto pamutu.
Miyozo pansi pamiyala yomwe idasemedwa ndi mitengo m'nthaka. Zovuta, nthawi zambiri zimawukira, koma osathawa, zimatha kuluma, ngakhale sizitha kuthira mankhwala a acid, ngati Formica.
Amapezeka kuderali kuchokera ku Portugal kupita ku Eastern Siberia (mpaka Transbaikalia), kuchokera kumpoto kwa Greece kukafika kudera la nkhalango-tundra kumpoto. Ku Japan, North America, amaonedwa ngati osasangalatsa komanso wankhanza.
Mpandamachokero anyani, ali ndi mfumukazi zana pa chisa. Azimayi amaphatikizana atatha kuuluka, kupanga chisa, kuyikira mazira.
Mtunduwu ndi polydomain, wokhala ndi zisa zambiri pagulu lililonse. Queens amakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Maulendo okwatirana ku Europe amachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Tizilombo tambirimbiri tating'onoting'ono timakwera m'mwamba kuti tikwatirane.
Pambuyo pake, amphaka amwalira, ndipo amphona amagwetsa mapiko awo kuti apange chisangalalo chatsopano. Siziwuluka ku North America, komabe, amuna okha ndi omwe amalembedwa ku Newfoundland, Canada.
Wofala kwambiri ku Europe, amakhala m'matanthwe, m'minda. Amadyanso ufa wa poda womwe umasungidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo, ndi ma invertebrates.
Poizoni wa nyerere zamoto timamvetsetsa bwino.
Menyani cholengedwa chilichonse chomwe chimasokoneza chisa chawo, koma osati chankhanza ngati chofiyira moto cholowetsedwa. Amadyanso mungu, zomwe sizimawoneka mwa nyerere zotentha.
Poizoni Wamoto
Zinthu zapoizoni zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mwa tizilombo ta moto, wogwiritsa ntchito kugwira nyama, chitetezo, antimicrobial. Anthu obadwa kumene alibe chilichonse, koma ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi tsiku limodzi amapanga 1.17 mcg / tsiku.
Kufikira zaka 15, kuchuluka kumachepetsedwa kukhala 0,3 mcg. Poizoni amatulutsidwa ndikusungidwa m'thumba. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, imaponyedwa kudzera mu mphambano yayikulu ya nsonga. Kutha ndi 20 - 40 nl, kutengera kukula kwa kachilombo.
Katswiri wazam'madzi waku America Justin O. Schmidt adamutcha "lakuthwa, mwadzidzidzi, pang'ono pang'ono nkhawa." Adavotera "1" the Schmidt bite pain index, muyeso womwe umayeza kukula kwa zowawa kuchokera pakuluma tizirombo kuyambira 0 mpaka 4.
Zoposa 95% za zinthu za poizoni ndizopanda madzi. Solenopsin ali ndi cytotoxic, hemolytic, necrotic, tizilombo, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti avareji yayikulu ya mankhwala oopsa (LD 50) ya makoswe achikazi ndi 0.36 mg / kg
Pafupifupi mapuloteni 46 apezeka. Amakhudza mwachindunji kusasinthika kwa anaphylactic komwe kumawonekera mwa anthu omwe amakonda poizoni. Ngakhale kuti amaphatikiza ma neurotoxins ndi omwe angatenge allergen, sikuti mapuloteni onse omwe amathandizira poizoni.
Mapuloteni amapindulitsa koloni. Ena amapha mabakiteriya, zomwe zimafotokozera chifukwa chake ogwira ntchito amafufuza poizoni kuzungulira zisa zawo. Ena amamangirira ma pheromones, omwe amathandiza kupanga njira zamtokoma zamagetsi kuti azilumikizana ndi abale.
Zizindikiro zake
Ma poizoni amoto (> 95%) amakhala ndi ma alkaloids amafuta omwe amachokera ku piperidine (solenopsin) wosakanikirana ndi mapuloteni ochepa poizoni. Kuluma kwa nyerere kumakhala kowawa, kumadziwika ndi kuwotcha kwanuko, limodzi ndi urticaria. Amatembenuka kukhala chotupa, chotupa, kapena masentimita mkati mwa mphindi 20.
Malowa amaluma mu maola ochepa. Zimayambitsa kupwetekanso, kukwiya, makamaka mukaluma kwambiri m'malo amodzi.
Kupumphuka kumakula kukhala pustule yoyera mu maola 24 mpaka 34.Itha kutenga kachilomboka pophatikiza. Imadutsa zokha patapita masiku ochepa, ngati ingosiyidwa yokha.
Mabotolo ndi odabwitsa, osamasuka panthawi yochita. Ngati ali ndi kachilombo, amatha kupweteketsa. Kupanga kwa ma pustule kumachitika pafupifupi munthu aliyense wolumidwa ndi nyerere.
Mankhwala monga maantibayotiki, ma diphenylhydrazines, ma epinephrins, ma opaleshoni apamwamba samakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa pustular.
Anthu ena amakhala ndi chifuwa choyipa, mpaka anaphylaxis, chomwe chimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Hypersensitivity imachitika mwa iwo omwe ali ndi mavuto ena azachipatala, monga matenda a mtima kapena matenda a shuga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito adrenaline ndikulimbikitsidwa. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mapangidwe a ma pustule amachokera pakukhazikitsa ma alkaloids a poizoni, kulumikizana ndi moto wa nyerere kumayambitsidwa kokha ndi mapuloteni a allergenic.
Kuphatikiza apo, neuropathy, kupweteka (popanda chizindikiro cha zochita zam'mbuyomu), kuvulala kwamisala, komanso nephrotic syndrome kumalumikizidwa ndi poyizoni wa nyerere yamoto.
Kuchiza Kwa Mankhwala Oteteza Mafuta
Adrenaline imabweza msanga mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kupuma movutikira komanso hypotension.
Amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosasamala pothandizira kuvulala kwakumwa. Chithandizo chimachokera pazizindikiro. Zovulala zazing'ono, zokhala ndi zizindikiro, kuphatikiza ma pustule ndi ululu, zogulitsa zapompopompo zilipo kuti mupewe matenda. Nyerere zimachotsedwa ndikutsuka malowa ndi sopo wa antiseptic.
Ozunzidwa omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za anaphylaxis amathandizidwa ndi antihistamines, epinephrins, ndi corticosteroids auberal. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la anaphylaxis agwiritse ntchito epinephrine autoinjector (EpiPen) pakakhala kupuma pang'ono kapena hypotension.
Immunotherapy (WBE) yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anaphylaxis kuyambira 1973. Aliyense amene akukayikira kuti samayamwa amaperekedwera kwa oyanganira kuti awunike. Mankhwala, thupi lonse la nyerere limagwiritsidwa ntchito, osati poizoni basi.
Mosiyana ndi immunotherapy yokhala ndi poyizoni wa nyerere (yomwe nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito), WBE imakhala ndi mapuloteni. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukhudzika, pang'onopang'ono mankhwala ochulukitsa amalowetsedwa m'thupi. WBE imathandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda. Simalimbikitsidwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi mavuto ambiri am'deralo, omwe amakhala m'malo omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa amakhala osiyana.
Mlingo wokonzedwa woyenera umachokera ku 0,5 ml 1: 100 kulemera / voliyumu 1:10 kulemera / voliyumu WBE. Pa immunotherapy, njira yokhayo yokonza poizoni ndi 0,5 ml ya 1: 200 dilution (kulemera / voliyumu).
Pa siteji yomanga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke mlingo sabata iliyonse kapena milungu iwiri iliyonse. Odwala omwe akudwala immunotherapy amayenera kulandira chithandizo kwa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu komanso kuchira kwa moyo wonse, ngakhale kuti palibe mgwirizano pa nthawi yomwe munthu ayenera kulandira chithandizo.
Tizilombo Oopsa - Nyerere Zazimoto
Nyerere zamoto (lat. Moto wa nyerere) Pafupifupi mitundu 280 ya nyerere zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Zonsezi zimasiyana maonekedwe, kukula kwake komanso momwe amakhalira. Ena mwa iwo amakhala pansi panthaka, ena amakonda kukhazikika m'miyulu yovunda, ndipo ena amapanga zomangamanga zazikulu. Nyerere zonse zimabweretsa ngozi kwa ena, komabe, odziwika kwambiri m'derali ndi nyerere zamoto.
Mawonekedwe
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono kwambiri. Kutengera ndi zakunja ndi malo omwe amakhala, thupi la nyerere yamoto limatha kusintha kuchokera 2 mpaka 6 mm. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti mu anthill mutha kupeza nyerere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizana bwino.
Nyerere zamoto sizikulu kwambiri zamtundu wawo, koma ndi amodzi mwa owopsa. Anthu amtunduwu, monga tizilombo tina tambiri, ali ndi timiyendo tating'onoting'ono ta miyendo itatu, gawo limodzi la tinyanga, gawo la mutu, chifuwa, ndi peritoneum. Mutu ndi thupi la nyerere yamoto ndi zofiirira ndipo zimakhala ndi m'mimba kwambiri.Mtundu wa nyerere imeneyi imatha kukhala yakuda kapena ya utoto wofiirira, mwachitsanzo, kachilombo komwe kali pantchito. Ndi chifukwa izi kuti amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi nthumwi zina za banja lino.
Habitat
Pomwe malo okhala nyererezi ndi gawo la Brazil yamasiku ano, koma popita nthawi adafalikira ku South ndi North America, komwe amati amapeza ndi katundu kuchokera kwa amalonda ndi apaulendo. Masiku ano, unyinji wawo ukupezeka kuzilumba za New Zealand ndi Taiwan, komanso ku Australia.
Nyerere zamoto zidawombera scolopendra. Komanso chakupha.
Kodi nyerere zamoto zimadya chiyani?
Madzi samawerengedwa ngati cholepheretsa kusuntha kwa nyerere zamoto. Chifukwa chake amasungunuka ngakhale mitsinje yayikulu. Chakudya cha nyerere izi ndi chakudya, zonse zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu ndi nyama. Kwenikweni, amadya zitsamba zazing'ono ndi mphukira zazitsamba zing'onozing'ono kapena zitsamba za herbaceous. Nyama zazing'ono, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mbozi, mphutsi, ndipo ngakhale anyani ena amatha kukhala "chakudya" cha nyerere.
Chifukwa chiyani ndizowopsa kwa ena
Nyerere zamoto ndi mtundu wa "choopsa" kwa anthu aku America. Bajeti yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse kumenyana ndi tizilombo, chifukwa sianthu okha omwe akuvutika nawo, komanso ziweto zapakhomo.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti oimira banja ili, makamaka, samasamala kuti wamkulu wa omwe akubvutidwayo ali ndi kukula kotani. Ngakhale atakhala kuti akuchita bizinesi yawo, amatha kusonkhana pagulu lalikulu m'masekondi ndikuukira nyamayo. Atathamanga miyendo yake, mothandizidwa ndi ziwiya zapakamwa, nyerere, kukumba pakhungu la wozunzikirayo, kubayiranso kuluma kwawo ndi poizoni.
Nyerere zamoto ziluma mwana. Zocheperapo kwa makolo, chifukwa izi zitha kutha kwambiri. Makamaka ana. Ngati poizoni wambiri wavulala, nyamayo imafa patangotsala maola ochepa, kuluma mthupi lake kumavulaza kwakanthawi.
Munthu ayeneranso kusamala ndi tizilombo. Kuchulukana, nyerere zamoto zimasankha nyumba zokhalamo. Sakhazikitsa zisa zawo m'matumba okha okha, komanso zida zapakhomo, mwachitsanzo, m'malo opaka mpweya.
Nthawi zambiri, nyerere zamoto zimakonda kukhala komwe kumakhalapo moyo wawo kuposa chifuwachi. Amatha kuukira munthu, kuteteza chidwi chawo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi anthu 30 amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kulumwa ndi nyerere zamoto.
Koma anthu ambiri amakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - nyerere zamoto Solenopsis invicta. Nyerere izi zalandira dzina lawo loti "moto" chifukwa chakuluma komwe kumayaka ndipo simachira kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndidakumana ndi kulumidwa kwa zolengedwa zoyipa izi nditafika ku Houston. Kumayambiriro kwanga komwe ndimakhala, nthawi ina ndinawona pamalo olimbitsa thupi malo achitetezo chammbali mwamsewu ndi chikwangwani cholembedwa kuti: "Chenjerani! Nyerere za moto! ”. Tinadabwitsidwa, kudutsa, ndipo makamaka sizinagwirizane kufunikira kwa izi. Koma posachedwa kuseri kwa nyumba yake, kuyambitsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi udzu, sanazindikire kanthu kakang'ono pa mpanda pawokha, ndipo analandiridwa kangapo pamwendo wake pamwamba pa phewa pake. Ndimavutika ndikudya kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wathu wakumpoto, koma zomwe ndidakumana nazo nyerere za moto ndizowopsa! Mwendo wanga sunangokhala blashi, unatupa, kuyabwa kunali kosalephera. Ndiye matuza adawoneka, ngati ndikuwotcha, kukokoloka mozungulira chilondacho, onse adachira pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ngakhale ndidasenda ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mawanga amtunduwu ochokera pakuluma anatha koposa mwezi. Izi ndizosangalatsa, zidayamba kundigwera pagulu lanyumba yathu. Zikuoneka kuti atanyalanyaza atakhala pakabedi dzuwa, kuluma kunagwera pachifuwa chake. Amakhala wotupa, wotupa, kutentha kwanga kumadzuka, zomwe zimandichitikira kawirikawiri. Zinandipweteka kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma, zikuwoneka kuti, patapita nthawi, ndinadziteteza kuluma kwa nyerere "zosagonjetseka" izi, zikundimenya mokhazikika, makamaka m'manja ndi m'miyendo.Tsopano ndimapirira zonse mosavuta. Kulumwa sikungapeweke chifukwa kupezeka pamalo amodzi kapena kwina, komanso pa udzu pamaso pa nyumba, m'munda, ndi pafupi ndi mitengo. Nyerere zikafuna kundigwera, chinthu choyamba chomwe ndimachita ndikuthira madzi m'malo obuma, kenako ndikuthira mchere. Osachepera palibe kuwuma kwakuthwa, koma matuza akadawonekabe patatha maola ochepa. Ndimawawotcha ndi ayodini, ndimankhwala amchere a tiyi, koma samadutsa pasanathe sabata. Umu ndi mtundu wina wamavuto! Mukuganiza kuti sitikulimbana ndi nyerere, sitikuwapha poizoni? Koma amangowaza ndi poizoni wapadera (wogulitsidwa m'masitolo am'makina) m'malo amodzi, ndipo patapita masiku angapo anthillion amawonekera kwina. Ndipo tsopano tinaganiza zoyesa kuwotcha anthyl, kuwamwetsa pang'ono ndi mafuta. Loweruka, udzu wotsatira utaterera kuseri kwa nyumba yokhala ndi masikweya 250, ma 6 anthala zazikuluzikulu, kuyambira 30 mpaka 70 cm, adawonongeka.
Kodi ndi “chilombo” cha mtundu wanji ichi?
Nyerere zamoto, Solenopsis invicta, nthawi zina amatchedwanso ofiira, ochepa kwambiri kuposa nyerere zathu zamtchire, kukula kwake ndi 2-3 mm, koma palinso 6 mm. Ku USA amatchedwanso "nyerere zamoto zokhazikitsidwa ndi". Kuchokera ku mitundu ina, imakhala yosiyanasiyana pakhungu la bulauni lamutu ndi thupi komanso pamimba lakuda. Nyerere zogwira ntchito zimakhala pafupifupi zakuda kuti ndizioneka mtundu. Anthill, omwe nthawi zambiri samakhala akulu kwambiri, amamanga kuchokera pansi, m'minda, minda, m'mbali mwa misewu ndi m'mbali mwa njira, pafupi ndi mitengo yazitengo. Kuchokera pambali, anthillous wotereyo akuwoneka ngati gulu lakunja lopanda vuto, koma yesani kukhudza - nthawi yomweyo amadzangamira mikono ndi miyendo yanu. Dziko lakwawo ndi la Brazil, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 adabwera ku United States ndi sitima zonyamula katundu kudzera pa doko la Mobile ku Alabama, ndipo idafalikira kwambiri kumayiko akumwera kuyambira Texas kupita North North. Ndiwosakhazikika kwambiri, achulukitsa msanga ndipo mosavuta mizu yake imapezeka m'malo onse, kupatula zigawo zazitali zamapiri, zipululu zowuma, madera ozizira omwe ali ndi matalala aatali. Pang'onopang'ono zimatumizidwa kumadera ena a dziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2004 ku Hong Kong kudakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nyerere zofiira, ngakhale izi zisanachitike sizinakumaneko pano. Komanso tsopano nyerere zamoto zimakhala ku New Zealand, Australia, kumwera kwa China ndi Taiwan. Nyerere zamoto zimawononga mazira amphaka ndi akamba am'nyanja, komanso mbalame zingapo pansi. Tikazindikira kulima ndi nyumba, nyerere zofiira zimatha kuwononga zipatso ndi tirigu, zikamadya zonsezo, zimatha kulimbana ndi kupha anapiye a mbalame zosiyanasiyana zam'minda ngakhale ana ang'ombe ndi agogo ongobadwa kumene. Nyama zachikulire zomangidwa m'makola zimatha kuwona ngati nyerere ziwukira ndikuwaluma maso. Inde, anthu akudwala kuluma, ku United States anthu opitilira 30,000 omwe akhudzidwa ndi kuluma kwamphamvu, amagonekedwa kuchipatala chaka chilichonse. Komabe, kuluma nyerere si koopsa. Zosadabwitsa, zolengedwa zazing'onozi zimakonda mawaya amagetsi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakonza zisa zawo mkati mwa zowongolera mpweya ndi makompyuta, m'magetsi owongolera magalimoto ndi zida zina zowunikira, pama foni apagulu, mita yamagesi ndi zida zina zamalonda kumene zimayambitsa gawo lalifupi, zida kunja kwadongosolo ndikupanga chiwopsezo chenicheni chamoto woopsa. Nyerere zamoto zikutha ndi liwiro lalikulu: mpaka nyerere 250,000 zomwe zikugwira zingakhale koloni pansi pa mfumukazi imodzi. Kukhazikikanso kumachitika monga momwe zimakhalira: akazi okhala ndi mapiko amabalalitsa mutatha kusaka malo osakira malo atsopano. Zachikazi zambiri ndi m'magulu, omwe adakhazikitsidwa m'malo osadalirika, amafa, koma ena amapulumuka kotero kuti oyambitsa zisa zamtsogolo ayambiranso kuwachokeranso nthawi yoyenera.Chakumapeto kwa m'ma 1970, nyerere zamtundu wina zamtundu wa moto "zidatulutsidwa ku USA, zomwe, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimakonda kubadwa, sizimakhala ndi mazira amodzi (" mfumukazi "), koma zingapo. Izi zimathandizira kuti mitunduyi ifalikire mwachangu. Kuchulukana kwa nyerere zamiyala yamoto wamtala ndikutali kakhumi kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi mawonekedwe onyansa. Nyerere zofiira zamtopola ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa nyerere zonyansa, ndipo zimachita bwino popitikitsa nyerere zina zonse mdera lawo. Palibe njira zamankhwala zothanirana ndi tizilombo zomwe zakhala zikuyenda bwino mpaka pano. United States imawononga $ 2.7 biliyoni pachaka pochotsa matenda osokoneza bongo. Unduna wa Zaulimi wapanga gawo lapadera lothana ndi nyerere zamoto (Zotsogola Zoyatsira Moto Ndi Zingwe Zanyumba - IFAHI). Tsopano ayamba kupanga mtundu wapadera wa biopesticide. Mu 1989, akatswiri a zam'madzi akufufuza ku South America adapeza "wankhondo" wachingwe yemwe amalephera kulowerera. Tikuyankhula za ntchentche za humpback (Phoridae). Amagwira nyerere ndi kuyikira mazira pansi pa "khungu" lawo. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, mphutsi zimabadwa kuchokera ku mazira ndikutulutsa enzyme yomwe imasokoneza nyerere. Pambuyo pake, ntchentche imapitilirabe kukula, pogwiritsa ntchito mutu wa tizilombo ngati malo otetezeka. Mwina ndi thandizo lawo zingatheke kugonjetsa "chisawonekere" Solenopsis invicta. Matagi: AnimalAmerica ngozi zowononga tizilombo timaluma nyerere
Masiku ano, "nyerere zakupha" zomwe ndizowopsa kwa anthu zilipo, koma sizambiri. Monga akunena, mantha ali ndi maso akulu. Nthano zowopsa za nyerere zamoto zapeza udindo wa nthano kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe amakonda kuwononga misempha yake atagona pa sofa.
Pali choona china m'nkhani izi. Nyerere zowopsa zilipo m'dziko lathu, koma zimakhala ndi dzina losiyana kotheratu. Akatswiri azisayansi mu chilankhulo chawo cha sayansi adayamba kuwatcha "nyerere zamoto" chifukwa chokhoza kuwaluma.
Zina kuchokera m'nkhaniyi
Poyamba, tizilombo taopsa tomwe timakhala ku Brazil, timawawona ngati kwawo. Mu 1900, malonda a ng'ombe atayamba kuyenda bwino, olowerera m'malo owopsa adakhazikika ku United States. Zonyamula "zokhala ndi moyo" izi ndi tizilombo zovulaza zinali pama sitima amalonda, omwe nthawi yomweyo amapita nazo kumalo ena.
Nyerere zamoto nthawi yomweyo zinayamba kuchuluka. Kunalibe adani achilengedwe pano, nyengo yake inali yoyenera kumva bwino - zinali bwino kwambiri kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chinali chimo kuti tisachigwiritse ntchito. Ants anasamukira ku California, akumakhala madera ochulukirapo.
Ngati kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 nyerere zowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi zidangokhala kokha ku gawo la South America, tsopano ali ku Mexico, kumwera kwa America, kuzilumba za Pacific. Nyerere zokhala moto zimakhala madera a Australia, Malaysia, Philippines, ndi China.
Zilombo zoyatsa moto zinalipira moipa alimi, nyama zakuthengo komanso zoweta. Adazinga malo olima ndi nyumba, kuwononga tirigu. Adamangira anthito awo pamatepe momwe omwe opundawo amayenera kupitamo. Zonsezi zidasokoneza chithunzithunzi cha mayiko otchuka.
Moto Wofiyira Moto: Kufotokozera
Kodi ndi ndani omwe ali ngati "zoopsa" zazing'onozi zikuwoneka ngati? Maonekedwe amafanana ndi nyerere wamba, kusiyana pakati pawo kumakhala kwamtundu wokha. Nyerere zamoto, zomwe zithunzi zake zili pamaso panu, zili ndi mtundu wofiira, chifukwa chake dzina lawo lidachokera. Amadziwikanso ndi dzina lawo kuti amatha kuwotcha mukaluma.
Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi kumadalira moyo wakunja ndipo ndi 2-6 mm. Thupi lagawidwa m'magawo atatu: mutu, chifuwa, m'mimba.
Mutu ndi chifuwa ndizowonda kuposa pamimba. Monga mamembala ena a banja lino, olimbana ndi moto owopsa ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yolimba.
Larva. 3. Pupa.
4.Tizilombo tokalamba.
Mphutsiyo ikufanana ndi cholengedwa chosafunikira chofanana ndi nyongolotsi. Satha kuyenda payekha ndikudya. Amathandizidwa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito mpaka pomwe mphutsizo, zitadutsa m'mizere ingapo, zimapeza chofunikira kuti zisinthe kukhala chrysalis.
Patsiku lomaliza lisanachitike, mphutsi zimasiya kudya ndikutulutsa matumbo. Ogwira ntchito amasamalira ma chrysalis, ndikuwathandiza kusiya coco panthawi yoyenera.
Khalidwe la tizilombo toopsa kwambiri
Nyerere zimawonedwa ngati tizilombo zomwe zitha kudabwitsa kwambiri. Mutha kuyamba ndikuti zolengedwa zomwe zilibe ubongo wopanga, poteteza banja ndikupeza chakudya, zimachita zinthu momveka bwino komanso mwadongosolo. Amadabwitsanso kapangidwe ka madera awo. Tizilombo tosaopsa kwambiri, nyerere zamoto, zimakhala mu anthill zomwe zimapangidwa pazokha, ndipo kubereka kwawo kumachitika pamenepo. Anthu obereka amatha kubereka mwa kupatsa magazi, kungogwira ntchito kwa okhawo osabala ntchito. Kwa moyo wa mfumukazi imapereka ana ambiri (pafupifupi kotala miliyoni miliyoni).
Zakudya za nyererezi zimakhala ndi zakudya zamtchire ndi nyama, sizisiyanitsa pakati pake ndikudya mitundu yonse iwiri mosangalala. Kwenikweni, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadya zipatso za udzu, mphukira zazitsamba zing'onozing'ono. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo, mphutsi, mbozi. Ziwawa zamoto nthawi zambiri zimagunda ngakhale mbewa, achule ndi njoka, osanyoza mitembo ya nyama zazikulu.
Pakukhudzidwa ndi yemwe wavutitsidwa, nyerere zimakwera ndi miyendo yayikulu mthupi lake. Amakumba pakhungu ndi zida zapakamwa ndikulowetsa mbola. Ndiye kuti poizoni wambiri, womwe ndi woopsa, umalowa m'thupi la nyama. Patsamba lakulumwa, khungu limayamba kutentha kwambiri, komanso zopweteka zosalephera.
Kapangidwe ka Banja la Moto Ant
Banja la ant ndi gulu lochita zinthu mwadongosolo. Muli: 1. Brood.
2. Akuluakulu.
3. Akazi osabereka (ogwira ntchito).
Banja la nyerere limatha kukhala ndi anthu angapo, koma nthawi zina limakula kukhala magulu enieni, okhala mamiliyoni aanthu okhala m'magawo akulu. Mabanja akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda ana opanda akazi pomwe amisiri ogwira ntchito, asitikali ndi magulu ena osiyanasiyana amapangidwa.
Pafupifupi banja lililonse mumakhala abambo amodzi ndi amodzi, nthawi zina akazi angapo osabereka, omwe ali ndi dzina lokongola kwambiri - mfumukazi, mfumukazi. Nyerere za moto zimagwira ntchito yonse, chifukwa chake banja limatchedwa chopambana - chamoyo. Kufanana kotere ndi gulu la anthu monga magawidwe antchito, kudzipanga okha m'malo ovuta komanso maubale pakati pa mabanja kwapangitsa chidwi cha asayansi.
Gwero la nyerere zamoto
Nyerere zimakhala ndi mabanja awo zisa zomwe zimayimira timadothi tadothi ndipo timatchedwa anthill. Tizilombo timamangiramo dothi, pansi pa mwala kapena nkhuni. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito tinthu ting'onoting'ono tambiri kuti timange nyere.
Mizere imayikidwa pakati pa nyerere za nyerere zamoto, pomwe zimayendayenda mosiyanasiyana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Pofunafuna chakudya amatha kumayendayenda kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri pamaulendo otere, misonkhano ndi nthumwi za dera lina limachitika. Mukakumana ndi zosafunikira zoterezi, ma bumpu okonda kulimbana amakhala kuti ali pakati pa zinzake za tsekwe.
Kuima chilili, pomwe nyerere yamoto ili, sikuli kotetezeka kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lililonse. Kupatula apo, nyerere zilibe mawonekedwe owopsa, kuukira kwawo kumatha kuyambitsa njira zosasintha m'thupi la chamoyo.
Ngozi yoyambitsidwa ndi nyerere yamoto
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timatha kuwononga nyama, ndikuwononga kwambiri mbalame ndi ziweto, zimapha nyerere zofooka. Titha kunena kuti zamoyo zonse zimachita mantha ndi tizilombo ndipo timazithawa.Anthu sakonda "zoopsa" zazing'ono zazing'ono chifukwa chokhoza kuwononga zonse zomwe zatsala. M'nyumba zanyumba, nyerere zimapangira chisa chawo pazinthu zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsekedwa kwotsiriziraku, ndipo nthawi zina - kumoto.
Chifukwa china chowopsa chachikulu cha nyerere zamtunduwu kwa anthu chagona poyizoni yemwe ali nato. Ziwerengero zimatsimikizira kuti kuluma kwa nyerere zamoto kumatha muimfa kwa anthu pafupifupi 30-35 pachaka. Izi ndichifukwa choti poizoniyo ali ndi mphamvu ya neurotoxic komanso necrotic ndipo imakhala ndi alkaloid solenopsin.
Nyerere ya moto ku Russia
Ku Russia, "anthu" otentha "ndi osowa kwambiri. Nyengo zadzikoli zomwe sizili bwino sizabwino. Koma kuchipatala chimodzi ku Moscow, nyerere zamoto zinapezeka kamodzi. Kwenikweni, ngakhale kuti tizilomboti timapezeka, awa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala pafupi ndi anthu okhala malo otentha.
Nyerere zofiira ndi zofiira zimakhala ku Russia.
Ngakhale amatchedwa amoto, sakhala ankhanza ngati anzawo otentha. Tizilombo timeneti - anyaniwa amakhala ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino. Ma Goosebump amtunduwu amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizofunika kwa anthu.
Nyerere za moto (nyerere zamoto) zadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo toopsa. Chifukwa chiyani? Poyamba, mitundu ingapo ya nyerere zosuma imawoneka pansi pa dzinali, koma nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza nyerere za moto wofiira wa mtundu wa Solenopsis invicta. Izi ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi; zinatha ku America mwangozi. Ants adawonekera komweko nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike, ndipo idafalikira mwachangu kumwera kwa dzikolo, kuchokera ku Florida kupita ku Texas. Mbewu, zipatso, masamba, mizu, makungwa, timadzi tokoma, msuzi, bowa, tizilombo, zolengedwa zazing'ono, mbalame ndi zovunda - zonsezi ndi chakudya cha nyerere izi. Anthu ndi zinyama akuvutika nazo, amaluma mwachangu komanso mopweteka, chifukwa chake nyererezi ndizowopsa. Kuluma kwa nyerere yamoto kuli ngati kuwotchedwa pamoto, ndichifukwa chake ili ndi dzina. Zoonadi, poyizoni wa nyerere ya moto amatha kugwetsa chinyama chachikulu kwambiri chopanda nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi owoneka bwino kwambiri. Usiku umodzi wokha, zinyenyeswazi zimatha kusiya mafupa amodzi kuchokera kwa nyama. Mtunduwu umatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi nyerere zina ndi mutu wofiirira komanso thupi lokhala ndi mimba yakuda. Nyerere zogwira ntchito ndi zakuda komanso zofiira; makulidwe ake amasiyanasiyana kuyambira 2 mm mpaka 6 mm. Mu chisa chimodzi mumakhala anthu amisinkhu yonse.
Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa nyerere zamoto, padziko lapansi, mudzamvetsetsa momwe zolengedwa izi zimapangidwira. Amangidwa mokongola, amakhalidwe abwino, ali ndi gulu lantchito lachilendo kwambiri, lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri moyo wawo.
Mtundu wa nyerere za moto umamanga timiyala tambiri pamwamba panthaka m'malo momera. Malilowa amatha kutalika masentimita 40, ndipo akuya mpaka 1.5 m Nthawi zambiri amatsutsa nyama zazing'ono, ndipo amatha kuzipha.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe iluma kenako kubaya asidi pachilonda, ngozi ya nyererezi ndikuti imabayira poizoni woopsa wotchedwa solenopsis (gulu lochokera ku gulu la piperidine) nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo kuluma moto nyerere zowawa matuza. Kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi chidwi komanso samakonda kuchita zinthu zina zoyipa, kuluma kumatha kupha.
Nyerere zamoto ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa mitundu yambiri yachilengedwe ndipo zidachulukitsa kale mitundu yambiri yazinyumba momwe zimakhalira. Nyererezi ndizotchuka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kupulumuka muzovuta kwambiri. Sadzilimbitsa, ndipo amatha kupirira kuzizira mpaka -9 ° C, ngakhale atachokera ku South America.