Bwanji ng'ombe zamphongo sizifa? * Nyama

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Bwanji ng'ombe zamphongo sizifa?

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ng'ombe ikawona chinthu chofiira, nthawi yomweyo "imasakasa" ndikuthamangira pakhungu lakelo. Mawuwa adakhazikika ngakhale m'mawuwo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amazindikira zinazake mwamwano akuti amachitika "ngati ng'ombe yamphongo yofiira." Kodi nchifukwa ninji pali chikhulupiriro choterocho?

Akatswiri a zaumoyo amavomereza kuti lingaliro lotere ndi lolakwika, chifukwa ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe zonsezo sizimasiyanitsa mitundu (zimawona mtundu woyera bwino kuposa ena). Koma ndichifukwa chiyani amithe nthawi ya inkunzi (yomwe ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri komanso zakale ku Spain) amagwedeza cape wawo wofiira pamaso pawo? Kwambiri chifukwa cha mipikisanoyi, panali lingaliro lalikulu lolakwika kuti ng'ombe zamphongo zimakwiya zikaona mtundu wofiira.

Zingakhale kuti ma capes ofiira omwe ametezi amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya ng'ombe ndi mwambo chabe womwe wakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa zana. Kupatula apo, chakuti ng'ombe zamphongo sizimasiyanitsa mitundu, zidadziwika kwambiri kuposa kutuluka kwa lingaliroli. Koma bwanji, pambuyo pa zonse, amathamangira kwofiira?

Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyama izi sizithamangira konse kwamtundu. Chikumbuchi chimachita kusunthasuntha, kugwedezeka kwamphaka. Mutha kukhala ndi mtundu uliwonse pamaso pa ng'ombe: yoyera, yofiyira, ndi yamtambo. Koma mukaigwira, ng'ombeyo singathe. Koma mutangochotsa chinsalu, amakhala osamala, ndipo ngati mungazigwedezere, mudzathamangira komweko. Ng'ombeyo imayamba kuwoneka ngati ikuwopsezedwa ndi china chake chomwe sichimawona, ndikuyamba kudzitchinjiriza. Poyamba, ng'ombe imadziteteza yokha, koma kenako imadzikwiyira ndikuyamba kudziwukira. Komanso ngati mukupukutira kansalu pamaso pake, amakwiya kwambiri, chifukwa maonekedwe oyera ndi ng'ombeyo amakhala owala bwino kuposa ofiira ndipo amakhala bwino.

Pafupifupi maziko ake

Mitundu yambiri yamakono imakhala yotenga mtima komanso yosakwiya msanga. Khalidwe laukali la akuluakulu limafotokozedwa ndimitundu yawo. Nyama izi ndi makolo aulendo wakale wamtchire, womwe kale unkakhala nkhalango ndi mapiri kumapiri konse ku Europe, North Africa ndi Asia Minor.

Ulendo wawo unkawoneka wosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe ankawonera:

anthu ena amatha kulemera thupi limodzi,
inali ndi nyanga zazikulu zamphamvu
anali ndi khungu lolimba komanso losapinda.

Pamafunika kuti maulendo azitetezedwa kwa zilombo zamtchire ankafunika kuoneka wamtali komanso wamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu wosachedwa kupsa mtima adathandizira kuti apambane nkhondoyi ndi maulendo ena a ng'ombe yomwe adakonda.

Zithunzithunzi zonsezi zimatengedwa ndi herbivores zamakono ndi carnivores. Nthawi yomweyo, ng'ombe zamphongo zazitali zimapatsidwa mawonekedwe enaake osakwiya. Chifukwa chokhala ziweto zogwirizana, amayenera kuteteza malo awo tsiku ndi tsiku ndikumenyera chakudya chochuluka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kupsa mtima kwa nkhondo

Lingaliro loti ngati ng'ombe ikangoona chiguduli chofiyira ndikakwiya, idapangidwa motsutsana ndi maziko akuwonetserako ng'ombe zamphongo ku Italy. Malo owonetsera pagulu amayang'ana momwe nyamayo imachitira mbendera yowala (mulet).

Woyimitsa ng'ombe akutsitsa mbendera yofiyira kutsogolo kwa ng'ombe, yomwe mosakayikira imakwiyitsa womaliza. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyamayi imangogwidwa ndi nsonga zakuthwa mthupi lake. Mwana wamphongo wakutuluka magazi, amathanso kuthamangira kwa mdani wake popanda kumuyang'ana.

Ku Spain, kuyesa kunachitika zoposa kamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo amitundu ina. Zinapezeka kuti ng'ombe zamphongo zimachitanso zinthu zina zowala chimodzimodzi monga zofiira.

Asayansi anazindikira kuti ng'ombe zazing'ono zatsopano, zazimuna zazing'ono, ngakhale ng'ombe zimapangidwa mozizwitsa.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti maso awo ali ndi mitundu iwiri yokha ya mapuloteni am'maso. Mtundu wachitatu, womwe ndi mtundu wa masomphenya aumunthu, palibe ng'ombe. Ndilo mtundu wamtunduwu wa puloteni womwe umapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe owoneka bwino azikhala owoneka bwino, chifukwa ndikuyandikira kumapeto kwa mawonekedwe ofiira. Ndiye chifukwa chake ng'ombe zimatha kuwona chinthu cha mtundu uliwonse, koma kusiyanitsa mthunzi wake sichoncho.

Zifukwa zopanda chidwi ndi zinthu zofiira

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani ng'ombe imachita chofiira ngati sichidaiona? Chifukwa chaukali, mwamunayo amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zonse zoyenda. Chisamaliro chake chopweteka chimakopeka ndi ng'ombe yodutsa kapena nyama zina.

Poyamba amayamba kukondoweza ndi mzimu womenya. Pakangopita nthawi yochepa, ng'ombe zamphongo zimazindikira ndikuzindikira kusakhala kowopsa.

Abusawo amavalira pamaso pa ng'ombe atavala mwinjiro wakuda ndi wamtundu wakuda, koma ngati munthu wavala zovala zofiira kwambiri ndikuyimirira osadukiza kwamphindi zingapo nyama isanayang'anitsidwe, ndiye kuti zomwe akuchita pambuyo pake sizilandira.

Koma ngati mungoyenda pang'ono, awona mwachangu mkwiyo wa ng'ombeyo.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo, kunja kwa nthawi yakukhwima, abambo amalamulira ng'ombe zazikazi. Ndipo pokhapokha ngati mwamphongo zazimuna zomwe zimagonana zimakhala zochepa zimasiya kukhala maso ndipo kwa maola angapo zimasintha kuchokera kwa wolimbikitsa kukhala ng'ombe yokonda ndi kuledzera ndi chidwi.

Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule, titha kunena kuti mtundu umathandiza pang'ono pa machitidwe a ng'ombe. Ndipo ochita zowombera amagwiritsa ntchito chofiyira chofiira chokhacho kukopa chidwi cha owonerera ndikupatutsa chidwi chomwechi kwa iwo kuchokera ku ng'ombeyo.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idayankha mafunso anu ndikumveketsa mfundo zotsutsana zokhudzana ndi masomphenya a ng'ombe.

Uzani anzanu za izi pogwiritsa ntchito Like.

Ndiponso tidzakondwera ku ndemanga zanu.

Lingaliro lokhazikitsidwa komanso lofala lonena za zakhumudwitsa za zinthu zofiira pa ng'ombe amatengedwa ngati axiom. Zowona, awa ndi mawu omwe akunenedwa kunja kwa asayansi. Ofufuza zodabwitsa za masomphenyawo amalengeza molimba mtima kuti nyama zimasiyidwa zabwino zawo, kuchokera kwa munthu, kuthekera kowona dziko lapansi ndi mitundu yowala.

Ndipo ngakhale palibe mgwirizano mu sayansi yasayansi, kupezeka kwa magwiridwe a malingaliro kumatilola ife kukambirana za mawonekedwe ofooka amtundu, ndi ena oimira banja la gologolo. Koma bwanji za abale a maulendo akale - ng'ombe zamkati ndi? Likukhalira kuti mtundu wamtundu wa ng'ombe zamphongo umakhala gawo la mawonekedwe ofiira otsika kwambiri, ndipo pakuchepetsa kuzindikira, imvi, zobiriwira ndi mithunzi yamtambo, motsimikizika, zikumbutso za iwo. Kapangidwe ka diso la ng'ombe, monga ziweto zimangotanthauza ng'ombe zamphongo zochepa, zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mitundu iwiri ya maselo am'mimba a photoreceptor kumbuyo kwa retina: ndodo, zomwe zimayang'anira masana wakuda ndi mzere, ndi ma cones, kupereka malingaliro amtundu wa masana.

Nanga chimapangitsa kuti chimphona chija chikhale ndi mkwiyo chani, chimasekedwa m'mbali ziwiri zoyambirira za ng'ombe zamphongo ndi chovala chachikulu chammbali- (pinki chikasu kapena chofiirira), chotchedwa "capote", ndipo kumapeto kwachitatu - chovala chaching'ono chofiyira. Osati mtundu, koma kugwedezeka kowonera. Kukhalapo kwa “malo akhungu” m'munda wamaso m'mphuno, kuyankha kwabwino kosuntha komanso kuwona bwino kwa madera akutali kumakwiyitsa nyama, yomwe ili kale ndi chikhalidwe choyipa.

Chinsinsi chimodzi chomwe chimalephera kukhumudwitsa Toro ndi kununkhira. Mtulo wofiira umasunganso magazi omwe adasiyidwa kuchokera kumenyedwe zam'mbuyo zomwe sizingaoneke kwa omvera. Kuzindikira kununkhira kumachenjeza nyamayo pachiswe, kumapangitsa kuyang'ana mdani, kukwiya ndikuwukira okwiyitsayo, omwe amasewera ndi torero kapena ena omwe akuchita nawo nawo nkhondoyi - ma picadors, banderillero, akavalo ... Mwamwayi kwa otsutsana ndi miyendo iwiri, kusawona bwino ng'ombe nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti ziwonetsere zopanda phindu. Koma sizichitika nthawi zonse.

Ziphuphu zimakhulupirira kuti zimayankha mwamphamvu pazithunzi zofiirira. Izi sizili choncho. Pamodzi ndi oimira ena onse, ali ndi vuto la khungu. Nanga bwanji ng'ombe sizimakonda mtundu wofiira, ngati kwenikweni sizimasiyanitsa?

Chiwonongeko chabodza

Mu 2007, owononga nthano za Discovery Channel adayesa ng'ombe yamoyo m'mayeso atatu osiyana. Cholinga chawo chinali choti adziwe chifukwa chake ng'ombe sizimakonda mtundu wofiira ndipo zilidi choncho. Chomwe chimayesedwa koyambirira chinali motere: mbendera zitatu zoyimira, zofiirira ndi zoyera zidayikiridwa pabwaloli. Nyamayi idawombera onse atatu, osasamala kanthu. Amayi atatu anali otsatira, ndipo ng'ombe yopanda tsankho sinasiyenso aliyense. Pomaliza, nthawi yakwana yoti anthu amoyo. Panali anthu atatu m'bwaloli, m'modzi ofiira osasunthika, abwenzi ena awiri agogolo mozungulira. Ng'ombeyo inayamba kuthamangitsa makina oyenda osasunthika, osasamala "kufiyira" kosasunthika.

Mtundu ulibe kanthu

Mtundu ndi womwe owonerera amasamala kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe yamphongo. Choyamba, zovala zokongoletsedwa bwino komanso zovala zapamwamba zofunikira zimatengedwa kuti ndizofunika kwambiri pachikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha kuwombera ng'ombe. Monga momwe magulu amasewera nthawi zonse amavalira mitundu imodzimodzi, zovala zofiirira zimawonedwa ngati gawo la yunifolomu yamakhonde, osati chifukwa ng'ombe zamphongo sizimakonda zofiira. Zifukwa zake ndi zothandiza. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi umodzi mwa miyambo yotchuka kwambiri komanso yotsutsana ku Spain. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zosangalatsa izi zimatha ndikumwalira kwa ng'ombe, ndipo utoto wofiira, ngakhale sunali wamphamvu kwambiri, koma umasenda ntchito yozunza kale.

Ng'ombeyo imalimbana ndi amene akuyenda

Funso "Chifukwa chiyani ng'ombe zimachita zofiira?" sizolondola kwathunthu, popeza mtundu uwu, komanso wobiriwira, samasiyanitsa konse. Kuyenda kwawo okwiya. Kuphatikiza apo, ng'ombe zamphongo zomwe zimagwira nawo ng'ombe yamphongo zimachokera ku mtundu woopsa kwambiri (El Toro Bravo). Amasankhidwa mwanjira yoti kusuntha kwadzidzidzi kungawayendetse misala ndikuwapangitsa kuti athe kuthamangira kuwukira. Ngakhale cape ndi mtundu wamtambo wa buluu, ng'ombeyo imadwalabe mukamapukusa pamaso pake. Chifukwa chake, ngati matador atavala zovala zofiira ndikuyima osasunthika, ndipo matador enawo avala mtundu wina uliwonse (ngakhale loyera) ndikuyamba kusuntha, ng'ombeyo imenyera yemwe wavala yoyera (yemwe amasunthayo).

"Ngati ng'ombe yamphongo yofiira"

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ng'ombe ikaona china chofiira, maso ake akayamba kudzaza ndi magazi, ayamba kupumira movutikira ndikumenya pansi ndi ziboda zake. zokwiyitsa. Palinso mawu onena: za munthu amene amakwiya msanga, amati amkhudza ng'ombe yamphongo yofiira. Komabe, ichi sichinthu china choposa kusamvetsetsa.

Zilibe kanthu kuti mbeweyo izikhala ya mtundu wanji: ngati mungayisunthe ndipo ng'ombeyo ikazindikira, ndiye kuti imangokhala osamala, koma mukayamba kuiyendetsa mbali zonse, ndiye dikirani zovuta. Umu ndi momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. Nyamayi imawona mayendedwe ake ngati owopsa, ndipo ilibe chisankho koma kudziteteza. Mwa njira, ngati mukuweyula nsalu yoyera, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zitha kuonekera kwambiri, popeza mtundu uwu ndi wowala kuposa wofiira ndipo ng'ombeyo imawona mofulumira.

Kuwonongeka - mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ngati kuvina kwachikunja, achipembedzo kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ankhanza, odzaza ndi kukongola komanso chisomo, koma ankhanza komanso wamagazi. Anthu masauzande ambiri amaundana kuyembekeza chodabwitsa kuchita ndipo mitima yawo itayamba kugunda mokhazikika - pamapeto pa zonse, mathero ake ndi imfa.

Omenyera awiri akuwonekera pabwaloli - bambo ndi ng'ombe. Chachiwiri china, ndipo duel yoopsa iyenera kuyamba pakati pa nyama yokongola, yamphamvu, yolimba mtima komanso yodzikuza, yofanizira zikhalidwe zakale, zovuta m'moyo, zovuta ndi zonse zomwe zili mumdima, komanso chovala chamkati chovala mawonekedwe owala, oyera oyera oyera Sveta ".

Owonerera onse, ali ndi mpweya wambiri, amawona chimwala choopsa cha mphamvu ziwiri zophiphiritsa - Mdima ndi kuwala, kumene munthu amapulumutsa mwaluso nkhomayo mothandizidwa ndi bulu wofiyira (nsalu yomwe idasungidwa pa ndodo) yomwe imakwiyitsa ng'ombe ndi kubisala silhouette ya matador, ndipo pachimake chomaliza padzakhala chigonjetso champhamvu kwambiri komanso kufa kwa ng'ombe yamphongo.

Omvera owopseza ng'ombe akhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu wofiira womwe umatsogolera ng'ombe pamkwiyo wosalamulirika ndipo palibe chomwe chingawatsimikizire izi - awa ndi miyambo. Koma torero iliyonse imadziwa kuti ng'ombe zamphongo sizabadwa ndi khungu ndipo sizitha kusiyanitsa mitundu, ndipo maulemu ofiira ndi mwayi chabe kutengera miyambo ndi njira yokwezera chidwi cha mayimidwe osangalatsidwa ndi chochititsa chidwi ichi.

Diso la mammalian lili ndi mitundu iwiri ya ma photoreceptors - ma cones, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kusiyanitsa mitundu, ndi ndodo, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu. Mwa anthu ndi anyani, kuchuluka kwa ma cones mu retina ndikokulira, komwe kumawathandiza kusiyanitsa mitundu. Koma mitundu yomwe ili m'moyo wa anthu osatulutsa zilibe kanthu, ndipo Amayi Zachilengedwe adatsitsa maso a nyama izi, monga chinthu chosafunikira kwa iwo, kuchuluka kwa ma cones omwe amawalola kusiyanitsa mitundu.

Nanga, bwanji ng'ombe yamphongo imathamangira pachilala chofiira? Vutoli ndikuti pakuwapha ng'ombe, ng'ombe zamphongo za El Toro-Bravo zimasinthidwa (zotanthauzidwa kuti "ng'ombe yolimba") zimakwezedwa, zomwe zimakhala zaukali, zaukali, zamasewera, koma osati za luntha lapadera, zopusa motero zitha kuloseredwa mtsogolo. chofunikira kwambiri.

Ndipo apa pakubwera pachimake - m'bwalomo matador wochenjera akutsogolera masewera omaliza omaliza ndi ng'ombe yakwiya mothandizidwa ndi bulu wofiyira, yemwe ndi mayendedwe ake amabweretsa ng'ombeyo mkwiyo wosafotokozeka. Wowonerera akuwoneka, akuwonetsetsa kusuntha kulikonse kwa kansalu kofiirira, komwe kamawonekera ngakhale m'mizere yomaliza ya bwalo lamasewera. Kukhazikika kwa chinthu chofiira ndi mkwiyo wa nyamayo kumatsogolera wopenyerera kusangalatsidwa kosatheka - amalakalaka chimake cha chochitikacho, wopenyerera akuyembekezera magazi omwe atsala pang'ono kutaya!

Mtundu wofiira wa nkhani pa mulet ndi njira yanzeru chabe yomwe imatsogolera unyinji wa owonerera mosangalala, imapangitsa chowonekeracho kukhala chowoneka bwino komanso chosaiwalika. Ndipo ng'ombeyo ilibe kusamala kuti malele adzakhala bwanji - a buluu, ofiira, achikaso kapena oyera - sanasiyanitse mitundu, koma kukangika kwa zinthu ndi mkokomo wamiyala, woledzera ndi chowoneka wamagazi, chikumukwiyitsa.

Omvera owopseza ng'ombe akhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu wofiira womwe umatsogolera ng'ombe pamkwiyo wosalamulirika ndipo palibe chomwe chingawatsimikizire izi - awa ndi miyambo.Koma torero iliyonse imadziwa kuti ng'ombe zamphongo sizabadwa ndi khungu ndipo sizitha kusiyanitsa mitundu, ndipo maulemu ofiira ndi mwayi chabe kutengera miyambo ndi njira yokwezera chidwi cha mayimidwe osangalatsidwa ndi chochititsa chidwi ichi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani ng'ombe sizimakonda zofiira?

Kukonda, kutengeka, kupambana kwa munthu paukali komanso kusalamulirika kwa nyama - uwu ndi malongosoledwe omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino a chizindikiro cha dziko la Spain - kuwombera ng'ombe. Koma izi sizokhudzana ndi tchuthichi tsopano, koma za ng'ombe ndi ubale wawo ndi mtundu wofiyira ndi mithunzi yake.

Aliyense amakumbukira kuti pa mpikisano wokhala ndi ng'ombe yam'manja m'manja mwa matador pali chovala (mulet), chomwe chimasokedwa kuchokera ku nsalu yofiira kwambiri.

Panthawi ya mpikisano pakati pa munthu wamphongo ndi ng'ombe yamphongo, matador amakonda kuseka nyulu ndi chinyama, chomwe mwachilengedwe sichimakonda kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, ng'ombe imakhudzana - ikuwukira matador, kuyesera kuti imupeze ndi zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti sakonda nsalu kapena zochita za munthu yemwe m'manja mwake muli. Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti sichikhala chosangalatsa kwa nyamayo, koma kuwukira kotsutsa kwa matador, ndiko kuti, mutatenga chovala chamtundu wina, machitidwewo adzakhala ofanana.

Pokhudzana ndi mulet, ndiye kuti, malaya ndi mtundu wake, ubale wapadera unayamba kuyambira kutchuka kwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso ankhanza. Mtundu wofiira kwa anthu aku Spain ndi kukhudzika kwa anthu, kupambana kwa mphamvu ya m'modzi mwa omwe akuchita nawo nawo nkhondoyi m'bwalo la bwalo, koma ali ndi ubale wosagwirizana ndi ng'ombe.

Chovala chofiyira chimasankhidwa ngati lingaliro osati chifukwa cha tanthauzo lake, komanso kuchokera pakuwoneka bwino. Zomwe sizowoneka zovuta kulimbana. Chifukwa cha fanizoli, aliyense, osati anthu aku Spain okhaokha, anali ndi malingaliro oti ng'ombe, kuziyika mopepuka, "zilibe chidwi" ndi mtundu wofiira, koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti zifukwa zake ndi ziti.

Kodi ng'ombe zikuwona bwanji?

Ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito mawu awo akuti "usandigwede patsogolo panga ngati nguluwe yofiira patsogolo pa ng'ombe yamphongo" kapena china chake. Mawu awa adazindikirika ndi kumvetsetsa kwenikweni, ngakhale izi sizolondola.

Ngati tiwona funso loti maluwawo atengera maluwa kuchokera kwa akatswiri asayansi komanso othandizira malongosoledwe asayansi pa malingaliro oyambira, titha kunena izi:

Kuti ng'ombe sizisiyanitsa mitundu (yonse, ng'ombe zonse),
Ma Bulls samawona zinthu zomwe zimakhala kutali ndi iwo (ndiye kuti, akuvutika ndi myopia),
Mtundu wowonekera kwambiri komanso wosiyanitsa ng'ombe (za ng'ombe zonse) ndi zoyera.

Momwe dziko limawonera ng'ombe (pafupifupi) ndi anthu

Chofunikira kwambiri pa ng'ombeyo si mtundu, ndicho kukhalapo kwa munthu wosakwiya. Ndipo pofuna kutsimikizira mlandu wawo, asayansi adayesa chidwi. Kuti awonerere izi, odzipereka awiri adayitanidwa omwe amavala zovala zofiira ndi zakuda. Pa kuyeserera, wodzipereka wofiyira adayimirira, ndipo munthu amene anali kuvala suti yakuda amayenda mowongoka. Sikovuta kuganiza kuti ng'ombe idagunda ndendende ndi munthu yemwe amusunthayo ndikumukwiyitsa. Munthu wofiirayo, motero, sanavulazidwe, komanso, sanazindikiridwe ndi nyama.

Nanga bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wofiira?

Mtundu wofiira wa thukuta ndi chinyengo chanzeru chomwe chinakwanitsa kupusitsa anthu ambiri. Amapereka zosangalatsa zambiri pakuchita. Gwirizanani, chilichonse sichingawoneke chowala komanso chosangalatsa, ngati ziguduli ndi zoyera, zobiriwira kapena zachikasu . Kumbali inayi, utoto wofiira umakopa chidwi cha owonera kwambiri, kuwaika pachiwopsezo cha magazi. Chifukwa chake omverawo amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa cha ng'ombe yamphongoyo komanso yosangalala kwambiri ndikudabwitsidwa pomwe adagonjetsanso ng'ombe yamphongo.

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti ng'ombeyo sikwikwiyitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiira, ndipo imangochokamo pokhapokha ngati ndodo ili m'manja mwa bwana wa luso lake. Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi inali yophunzitsa komanso yosangalatsa, ndipo mwapeza mwambi umodzi wochepa kwambiri!

Chilichonse chokhudza ng'ombe

Ng'ombe ndi nyama yayikulu yokhala ndi nyanga, yoyimira subfamily ya bovine artiodactyls. Oyimira mitunduyi amasiyana ndi mabanja ena ocheperako kukula komanso thupi lalikulu.

Ng'ombe ndi yayitali kuposa ng'ombe, popeza kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala 60-70%, mutu ndi wozonda, ndipo khosi limakhala lakuda. Mapewa a ng'ombe amapanikizika, chifuwa chimakhala chachikulu. Achichepere achichepere amatha kutha msinkhu pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ya moyo.

Prime ng'ombe

Mkulu wa ng'ombe zapakhomo anali ng'ombe yamtchire, makamaka, masamba ake amwalira kuthengo --ulendo (yemwenso ndi ng'ombe yakale). Maulendo owerengeka komanso oyamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama, komabe, kudalira kwa anthu paulimi, adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito: Kwa zaka zambiri, maulendo anali nyama zazikulu zoyendetsedwa ndipo zikukhalabe choncho m'maiko ambiri a Dziko Lachitatu mpaka lero.

Ng'ombe zam'nyumba

Ng'ombe yam'nyumba ndi gulu lang'ombe lakale lomwe limaberekera kuti lipange nyama ndi khungu. Amuna amtunduwu amatchedwa ng'ombe, amuna achimuna amatchedwa ng'ombe.

Wobzala ng'ombe (kapena ng'ombe yobereketsa, yemwenso ndi wobala wamwamuna) ndiye phindu lalikulu pakuweta ziweto, chifukwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereketsa kuti mupewe ana obadwa bwino kudzera pakukhwima kwachilengedwe kapena kulowetsamo. Opanga amuna osankhidwa bwino (okhala ndi kuthekera pang'ono, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe) akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri zipatso zabwino za ana, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito amayi odziwika.

Zoweta ng'ombe

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ng'ombe, kutengera kutengera kwachuma, imagawika m'magulu atatu:

Zoweta mkaka. Anthu omwe amatsogolera malangizowa amaperekedwa kuti apange mkaka. Chifukwa cha thupi lawo loonda, kugwiritsa ntchito nyama popanga ng'ombe kukhala yopanda phindu, komabe, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo abwino komanso machitidwe oyenera.
Mitundu ya nyama imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wa mkaka, momwe thupi limapangidwira mitundu ya nyama cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera minofu ya minofu pansi pazomwe zimamwe kwambiri. Ng'ombe zotere zimangokhala ndi mkaka wokwanira kudyetsa ana a ng'ombe.
Zophatikizika, ndiye kuti, mitundu yonse ndi yodziwika bwino chifukwa imaphatikizanso mbali zonse ziwiri.

Zindikirani! Masiku ano, ng'ombe ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'zakudya, mokhudzana ndi momwe kuweta ng'ombe zamphongo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nyama yawo ndi yochepa m'mafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi, motero ndi bwino kukhala ndi thanzi.

M'dziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 1000 yangwiro, komanso mitundu 30 yosakanizidwa. Kusiyanaku kukufotokozedwa ndi kufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe ndi kufunikira kwake kwakukulu mu ulimi. Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wamba wamtundu, mitundu yachilendo kwambiri komanso yosowa imasiyanitsidwa yomwe siivuta kuyang'ana pafamu wamba.

Takin

Takin (lat. Budorcas taxicolor) ndi ng'ombe yamphongo, mtundu wachilendo kwambiri womwe umawoneka ngati mbuzi yayikulu. Kutalika kwa nyanjayo kufota pafupifupi 100 cm, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 120-150 cm, kulemera kwa thupi kumafika 300 kg. Takin ali ndi kamwa yayikulu ndi maso, koma makutu ang'ono. Imakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda wagolide lomwe limada. Nyanga zazimuna ndi zazikazi zikufanana ndi nyanga za njati.

Ng'ombe yakuda

Aberdeen Angus ng'ombe (Eng. Aberdeen Angus) - mtundu womwe umachokera ku Scotland. Zomwe zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika pa Black Angus ndi kolovost ndi suti yakuda. Abren awo amapatsira ana ngakhale atawoloka ndi anthu amitundu ina.

Ng'ombe zazing'ono zoterezi nthawi zambiri sizifalikira masentimita 120. Khungu lawo limakhala lotayirira komanso loonda. Mafupa a nyama ndi ochepa thupi ndipo amapanga 15-18% ya kulemera kwa nyama.

Zebu (lat. Bos taurus chizindikiro) ndi mitundu yachilendo ya ng'ombe yakuthengo yokhala ndi hump. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafuta ndimtundu wa “nkhokwe” ya michere ndipo kumathandiza kwambiri nyama.

Unyinji wa zebu wamkulu umafika 300-350 kg. Makhalidwe okhutiritsa nyama, komanso mafuta ochuluka amkaka komanso kupirira amapanga ng'ombe zamtundu wa humpback kukhala imodzi mwamafuta amtengo wapatali am ng'ombe m'malo otentha.

Musk ng'ombe

Ng'ombe ya musk, kapena ng'ombe ya musk (lat.Ovibos moschatus) ndi nyama yayikulu yokhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso khosi lalifupi. Ng'ombe za musk zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wosazolowereka ndipo zili ndi nyanga zozungulira zomwe zili ndi maziko akulu pamphumi.

Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa kufalikira kwa ng'ombe yayikulu ya musk ndi 135 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumasiyana ndi 260 mpaka 650 kg.

Bull haur

Gaur (lat. Bos gaurus), kapena njati yaku India - woimira wamkulu wa mtundu wa ng'ombe zenizeni, zomwe zimadulidwa ku India.

Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu wa gaura kumafika pafupifupi 3 m, kutalika - 2 m. Ng'ombe iyi yochokera ku India imalemera kuchokera ku 600 mpaka 1500 kg. Nyanga za Gaura zimapindika ndipo zimafanana ndi ma crescents mawonekedwe, mtundu wa malaya ndi bulauni, ukuyandikira wakuda.

Mtundu wa ng'ombe Gaura ndi Guyal.

Watussi ng'ombe

Watussi (wobadwira Ankole-Watusi) ndi ng'ombe yamphongo yaku Africa yomwe imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Mbali ina yamtunduwu ndi nyanga zokulirapo (mpaka 1,8 m mulifupi), zomwe zimakonda mtundu wa nyama. Zimalowetsedwa ndimitsempha yamagazi ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi pakupsa kwambiri.

Watussi amatengedwa ngati ng'ombe zopatulika pakati pa mafuko aku Africa, ndipo okhawo olemekezeka ndi mkazi wa atsogoleri ndi omwe angathe kukhala nawo. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimaleredwa makamaka ngati nyama.

Zindikirani! Kulemera kwa ng'ombe zamphongo akuluakulu kumafika pa 600-730 kg.

Ng'ombe za ku Tibet

Ng'ombe ya ku Tibetan, yodziyanso ndi (Chachi Latin: Bos mutus) kapena sarlik, ndi nyama yaikazi yokhala ndi miyendo yokhala kumapiri a ku Tibet. Mtunduwu ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi wina chifukwa mawonekedwe ake osakumbukika. Ichi ndi nyama yayitali, yokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali yodumphira kumbuyo ndi nyanga zazitali. Kutalika kwa wachikulire kufota kumafika 2 m, kulemera - 1000 kg. Chochititsa chidwi ndi ma yaks ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi torso lalitali.

Ng'ombe zaku America

Njati (Latin: njati), kapena njati waku America, ndi nyama yayikulu komanso yayikulu yokhala ndi ubweya wonenepa. Mutuwu ndi waukulu, wamaso akulu. Malekezero a nyangawo adakulungidwa mkati.

Kumbuyo kwa thupi la ng'ombe yaku America sikunapangidwe ngati kutsogolo. Wachikulire ndi wamtali wa 2 mita ndi 3 m kutalika.

Kuyambira kale, ng'ombe zamphongo zinkakhala ndi malo ofunikira m'moyo wamunthu, komabe, ngakhale kuti ndi "oyandikana" pafupi, pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza "zokhudzana ndi nyama izi, ndipo zina mwazomwe zimapezeka sizikudziwika kwa ambiri.

Zoti ng'ombe zimachita zofiira

Amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yamphongo, ng'ombe yamphongo imamenya chofunda chofiira cha matador chifukwa imakwiya ndi mtundu wofiira. Izi si nthano chabe, chifukwa ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe sizimasiyanitsa mitundu. Kuphatikiza apo, saona mtundu wofiira konse. Nyama imakwiyitsa ina - mayendedwe.

Bulls sawona pang'ono, kotero kuyang'ana kwazinthu kumawoneka ngati chiwopsezo, komabe, mtundu wofiyira pakuwombera ng'ombe sanasankhidwe mwamwayi.Amapangidwira kuti bata, osati kukwiyitsa, koma osati ng'ombe, koma omvera. Magazi a nyama sawoneka bwino pa nsalu yofiyira, chifukwa chake kupha kwake kumadziwika modekha.

Kodi ng'ombe zimatha kusiyanitsa mitundu

Khungu khungu (komanso khungu khungu) ndi gawo lobadwa m'maso a anthu ndi anyani, omwe amawonetsedwa posiyanitsa mitundu yonse kapena mitundu, koma nthawi zambiri anthu omwe amatchedwa akhungu samatha kuwona mtundu wofiira. Pankhani imeneyi, nkovuta kupereka yankho losatsutsika pa funso loti ng'ombe zamphongo ndi khungu.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe mumangokhala zolindikira ziwiri zokha pamaso, osati zitatu, monga mwa anthu, ndipo nyama zambiri zimasiyanitsa mitundu yowoneka yokha yomwe ndiyofunikira pamoyo wawo. Kwa iwo, izi ndi gawo la masomphenya, pomwe kwa anthu, kutsika kwa kuzindikira kwa khungu ndi matenda. Ngakhale anthu amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mithunzi yofiirira, ya buluu ndi yachikaso, komanso kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana, ng'ombe zimakhala zokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mitundu yachikasu ndi yobiriwira komanso yamtambo wamtambo. Ndipo ngakhale ng'ombe sizimasiyanitsa matani ofiira, izi sizimawapangitsa kukhala akhungu.

Bull ndi mtundu wofiira

Chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika mphete ya pamphuno mu ng'ombe?

Pafamu, ng'ombe nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa ndi mphete ya pamphuno. Cholinga chake ndi chosavuta - awa ndi nyama zazikulu, zolimba zomwe ndizovuta kuzilamulira, koma pamakhala mfundo pa thupi la nyama zokhala ndi chidwi chowonjezeka. Awa ndi makutu, maso ndi mphuno. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri kugawanika pakati pa mphuno za nyamayo kumagwiritsa ntchito kukhomera mpheteyo, mothandizidwa ndi yomwe nyama yokhwimayo imayang'aniridwa "popanda zovuta".

Egypt wakale

Aigupto akale anali kulemekeza ng'ombe ngati nyama zopatulika. Makamaka, ng'ombe ya ku Aigupto Apis (kapena Hapis) yochokera ku nthano yakale yakale ya ku Aigupto, yodzipereka kwa milungu Osiris ndi Ptah, idakhalanso ndi kachisi wake ku Memphis.

Poyamba, Apis ankadziwika kuti ndi gawo la mzimu wa Ptah, woyera mtima woyang'anira mzinda wa Memphis, ndipo anali ngati chiphiphiritso cha mphamvu ya Farawo. Zimakhulupirira kuti Apis adalipo m'thupi la ng'ombe wamba yemwe amakhala pakachisi, ndipo ndi imfa yake adapeza thupi.

Apis atavala matupi athu akale, ansembe a Ptah adayamba kufunafuna "chotengera" chatsopano cha mzimu wa mulungu wawo. Nyama yatsopano ikangopezeka, idadyetsedwa kwa mwezi umodzi, pambuyo pake imatengedwa kupita kukachisi.

Kubereka ndi kusunga yaks kunyumba

Yakuku yapakhomo imaberekedwa makamaka chifukwa cha nyama ndi ubweya, chifukwa mkaka wamba wamkaka uwu umakhala wopanda tanthauzo - pafupifupi malita 500 pachaka, osapitilira, koma mkaka ndi mafuta kwambiri. Nyamayo ndioyipa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga soseji ndi zakudya zamzitini. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi makilogalamu 3 a ubweya amatha kupezeka kwa munthu wamkulu pachaka chimodzi.

Pobisamo yakala ndi mpanda wosavuta wopangidwa ndi zitsulo, kutalika kwake osapitilira 2,5. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kamapangidwa mkati mwakemo, momwe nyama zimatha kubisalamo mvula.

Zofunika! Nyama ndi nyama yosalumikizana. Izi zimawonekera kwambiri panthawi yakukonzekera, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisawakhumudwitse panthawiyi.

Yaks amatha kuwoloka ndi ng'ombe zoweta, pomwe zowonjezera zowoneka bwino, haynaks, sizothandiza monga nyama zoyendetsedwa zokha, zimadziwika ndi chonde ndikupanga matani 3.5 amkaka pachaka.

Posankha ng'ombe kuti ikhale malo awo, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azisamalira machitidwe a nyama iyi:

Zofunika! Pofuna kuti tisawononge nthawi yambiri yosamalira nyama kunyumba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula nyama zazing'ono kumapeto kwa Epulo kuti zizitha kudyedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Bizinesi yang'ombe yang'ombe yamphongo imatha kubweretsa phindu lalikulu ngati simudziwa magawo amomwe mumawerengera: zokolola za mkaka, zokolola za nyama, ndi zina zambiri, komanso zina mwazomwe zimaswana ndi zomwe zili. Ndikofunikanso kulabadira mawonekedwe a nyama mukamagula. Ndipo pomwepo mlimiyo sadzawotcha!

Aliyense amadziwa mawu oti "amawoneka ngati ng'ombe pa chala chofiira." Mpaka posachedwa, anthu amakhulupirira kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotere pakuwombera ng'ombe chifukwa imayambitsa mkwiyo mu artiodactyls. Chifukwa chiyani ng'ombe imangochita zofiira, osati zina? M'malo mwake, maso awo sazindikira mawonekedwe a mithunzi yomwe ilipo ndi mandala aumunthu. Bulls samvetsetsa kuti amawona ofiira.

Pafupifupi maziko ake

Ma Artiodactyls nthawi ina amawoneka osiyana:

Kwa ena, unyinji udafika 1 toni.
Panalinso nyanga zina.
Khungu limakhala lolimba, losagwira.

Makhalidwe amenewa ndiofunikira kuthengo, amathandizira kuteteza kwa adani. Ng'ombe zamakono zamtunduwu zidatengera zinthuzi, herbivores ayamba kukwiya. Kufunika kolimbana chakudya kumapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi mpikisano komanso kusamvana.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani ng'ombe yamphongo yamphongo imagwira yofiyira? Zoologists anakwanitsa kuzindikira kusamvetseka, ng'ombe sizisiyanitsa pakati pamaonekedwe amtundu. Chifukwa chiyani amithenga amagwiritsa ntchito chovala chofiyira? Ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi ziphuphu zapinki zomwe amachititsa ng'ombe zamphongo kuti zizichita. Izi ndi zovala zachikhalidwe zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi malingaliro am'mawokosi. Masewera olimbana ndi artiodactyls akhala akuchitika kwa zaka mazana angapo, panthawiyi chiyanjano chonyenga cha ng'ombe zamphongo zafalikira pakati pa anthu.

Zowombera ng'ombe zokhala ndi nyanga zimasekedwa, kuyesa kukwiya, chifukwa izi zimaboola msana ndi nsonga za nsonga zakuthwa, nyama zitakhetsa magazi, kuteteza miyoyo yawo. Mtundu wofiira wa ng'ombe yoyipa ulibe kanthu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndewu pomenya nkhondo

Khalidwe laukali la miyendo inayi nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anyamata kuti azisewera ndi zoopsa. Kuzifuna kumafuna kulimba mtima, kudzipatula, kusakhazikika pamalingaliro. Okonda kupha ng'ombe samabisalira tchire, kumenya ng'ombe zamphongo kumaso, kukulitsa luso la wopanga ng'ombe. Akatsekedwa ndi munthu wokhala ndi nyanga pam mphete, munthu ali pachiwopsezo, adzayenera kuchita nawo nkhondo yomwe ingayambitse kuvulala kwambiri kapena kuphedwa.

Ngati ng'ombe sizisiyanitsa mitundu, bwanji tikufunika chigamba ichi pa ng'ombe? Matador abisala kumbuyo kwake, adasokoneza nyamayo, ndikulowera chiguduli, chilili osasunthasuntha, ng'ombe igunda. Nyama sizisiyanitsa zomwe zili kutsogolo kwake, mokwiya chilichonse chomwe chikuyenda chikugwidwa. Mukayima chilili, musasunthe, ng'ombeyo sikuukirani. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamlingo wama genes amakumana ndi mitengo, pozindikira zomwe zingachitike ngati atagunda chimtengo chake ndi mutu kwinaku akuthamanga.

Cholinga chakusuntha chimadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chankhanza, chomwe chimathamanga, chimapweteketsa nyamayo. Pambuyo pa funde la chigamba chofiirira, cholowera nyanga ina, wolimbayo akuimirira osasunthika. Mutha kumvetsetsa izi mukamayang'anitsitsa zochita zake pakubera nkhosa. Anthu amasangalala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa, ngwazi yolimba yokha imangolimbana ndi nyama yamphamvu, yowopsa ndikumugonjetsa.

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