Kwambiri, zakutchire, koma nthawi yomweyo kuzolowera kukhala kunyumba, maink ndi abweya amtengo wapatali kwambiri pakati pa nyama zina za ubweya ndipo amasiyana nawo pakuchita kwawo mwanzeru komanso masewera.

Malo okhala chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachilengedwe anali pafupifupi konsekonse, atatsimikiza mtima khala ngati chiwetoidachepa kwambiri. Kuberekera kwa ma mink ndi maulimi a nyama ndizodziwika kwambiri ndipo pakadali pano, izi ndichifukwa cha ubweya wawo komanso kufunika kwake.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mink - cholengedwa kuchokera pagulu la nyama zoyamwitsa, zodziwika ndi thupi lalitali lofanana ndi mawonekedwe. M'mawonekedwe, ndi ofanana ndi a ferret, amasokonezeka ndi wina ndi mzake chifukwa cha muzzle yaying'ono yofanana ndi yaying'ono, yomwe imavuta kuzindikira ubweya wakuda, wokhala ndi makutu ozungulira.

Nyama ili ndi mano akuthwa, omwe popanda zovuta amatha kuluma mkono wa munthu ndikukhazikika pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti nyama ikhale pachiwopsezo chambiri ndikutsegula nsagwada, ndikofunikira kutenga ndi khosi ndikuwuzira pamphuno.

Chifukwa cha vibrissa, mink ili ndi chithumwa komanso kukhudza kwabwino kwambiri, koma miyendo yochepa imalakwika chifukwa imatha kuyenda pamwamba. Pamiyendo pali zala zokutidwa ndi ubweya, pakati pa izo ndi ziwalo zosambira, zomwe zimakulitsidwa pamiyendo yakumbuyo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti makinawo azingoyenda modumphira pansi pamadzi, ndikuyenda pansi pamadzi.

Mink imakhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe amaso ndi ofooka, chifukwa chake, pakusaka, nyamayo imangodalira fungo lokhazikika. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi woposa adani ena, chifukwa amatha kusaka ngakhale usiku. Mink imatha kuyang'ana mphezi pazinthu zoyenda, koma ngati nyamayo ikakhala pamalo ake, ndiye kuti imakhala ndi mwayi wosayang'aniridwa ndi mdaniyo.

Amuna amasiyana kukula kutalika kwa akazi, oyambira kulemera kwake amatha pafupifupi 4 makilogalamu, ndipo wachiwiri mpaka 2 kg upamwamba. Anyamata amakula mpaka 55cm kutalika ndipo atsikana mpaka masentimita 45. Chovala cha ubweya wa nyama chimakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso losalala, labwino, lopanda mawanga, ubweya wonyezimira.

Kusintha kwa nyengo sikukhudza chovala cha ubweya wa nyama. Mink imakhala ndi chovala chovala cha ubweya. Izi zimamulola kulowa m'madzi ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri khumi, osamva kuzizira. Ndipo ndikayamba kutuluka m'madzi, nyamayo imakhalabe youma, popeza malaya amakulu a ubweya sanyowa.

Mtundu wa nyama ndi wosiyana kwambiri, kuyambira woyera ndi utoto wonyezimira, ukutha ndi bulauni. Mink wakuda idayamba kuwoneka ku Canada, chifukwa chake imatchedwa Canada, ndipo ubweya wa utotowu umawoneka ngati "daamondi yakuda" ndipo umakhala ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri.

Mwa mitundu pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi asanu omwe amakhala m'magawo osiyanasiyana, mitundu inayi ikuluikulu imasiyanitsidwa. Amatchedwa European, American, Russian ndi Scandinavia.

Mink yaku Europe imatha kukopa diso lanu pafupi ndi malo osungirako kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi ku Siberia. Amathera theka lalikulu la moyo wake m'madzi, izi zitha kuweruzidwa ndi mawonekedwe chepetsa chithunzi, ali ndi mutu wotsekemera pang'ono komanso ziwalo zophatikizika bwino pakati pa zala. Ma mink aku Europe amakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi lomwe limapangitsa kuti chovala chawo chikhale chakuda kapena chakuda komanso chofiirira.

Mink yaku America yochokera ku North America imasiyana kwambiri ndi European mink momwe mulitali, imakhala yayitali komanso yayikulu, komanso ili ndi chizindikiro chosiyana ndi malo owala pansi pa milomo. Mtundu wachilengedwe wa chovalachi umatha kukhala wakuda mpaka Woyera. Zangwiro chinyezi choyeraadzakhala makamaka waku America.

Ana osinthika osiyanasiyana oterewa akhala chuma chenicheni kwa asayansi omwe amafuna kupanga mitundu yatsopano, chifukwa mink yokha ya ku America ndiyo imakhala ndi mitundu yapadera yosinthira yomwe imakhudzanso mthunzi wa ubweya wake.

Ngati European mink ku Eurasia inali aborigine, ndiye kuti mink yaku America idabweretsedwa ku kontrakitala posachedwa kuti ikasale m'malo osungirako. Kenako, kuti azolowere zikhalidwe zamtchire, adayamba kutsitsa nyamazo kuti zimasulidwe ndipo kuyandikana koteroko kudakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga ku Europe mink.

Chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu chinayamba kuchepa, nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zaku America mwachangu zimagwera ku Europe. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma mink a ku America ndi ku Europe, ngakhale mawonekedwe omwewo, adachokera kwa makolo osiyanasiyana. Moyo womwewo udathandizira kuti nyamazo zizikhala ndi kufanana, koma chifukwa cha mpikisano wa mitundu, kuyambira 1996 European mink - Chinyama cha Red Book.

Agogo a Russian mink anali North America, zinali pamaziko kuti alimi aubweya azaka za 30s m'zaka za zana la makumi awiriwo adabweretsa mawonekedwe okongola. Chovala cha ubweya wa Russian mink chodziwika ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lalitali undercoat, ndipo utoto umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka wakuda.

Kumpoto kwa Europe kumadziwika kuti ndiko kubadwa kwa mink ya Scandinavia, koma lero anthu amtunduwu ndiwopanda pake ndipo ndi nyama zotchuka kwambiri (pafupifupi 80%) pakati pa oimira nyama zonsezi. izo brown mink wokhala ndi mtundu wolemera, wotchulidwa bwino komanso waungwiro, wamtali wofewa.

Moyo & Habitat

Mink ndi mafoni. Imagwira, makamaka m'malo am'madzi, chifukwa cha mayendedwe ake olimbitsa thupi, imayenda bwino kwambiri kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ndipo imakankhira kutsogolo, kulowa pansi ndikuyenda pansi.

Pansi pamadzi, nyama yodya nyama yaying'ono imatha kudutsa pafupifupi mphindi ziwiri, kenako nkutuluka, kunyamuka ndikuyambiranso. Ngozi yomwe ikubwera pamtunda itha kupangitsa kuti nyamayo ikwere pamwamba pa mtengo kapena chitsamba.

Mink - nyama, yomwe imakhala ndi moyo wosungulumwa, imasankha malo abata komanso obisika kuti akhalemo. Mwachitsanzo, gombe la madzi oyera, mitsinje yaying'ono kapena nyanja.

Minki imakhala m'malo otumphuka omwe azunguliridwa ndi madzi, kapena m'maenje okumba, komwe kumafunikiranso madzi. Awa atha kukhala matayira akale a makoswe am'madzi kapena kutaya kwachilengedwe, komwe ma minki amadzipangira okha bedi la nthenga kapena nthenga.

Mink ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imakhala ndi thupi lolimba komanso lalitali, kuyenda kosunthika, ndipo chifukwa chake imasaka nyama yabwino, imatha kugwira ndikudya nyama iliyonse yaying'ono, yokhala pamadzi ndi pamtunda. Amadzipezera chakudya, kuchita zomwe amakonda - usodzi.

Nyama zomenyedwa ndi ma mink ndi ma setera amtsinje ndi agalu onyenga. Ma Otter, chifukwa mitundu yonse iwiri imakhala malo amodzi, koma zomwe zimasungunuka kale zimasungunuka, popeza zimakhala zamphamvu, zazikulu komanso zachangu. Ndipo agalu amanunkhira amapeza zisa za nyama za ubweya ndikuwononga ana awo, ngakhale kwa akuluakulu siowopsa.

Mink imakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, ndichifukwa chake imatha kuwoneka kawirikawiri kumapeto kwa usiku kapena m'mawa kwambiri pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Kuchokera pamanzere amanzere, munthu akhoza kuweruza kupezeka kwa mink pamalo amodzi kapena kwina. Maudindo a ma tchire ake ali ofanana ndi njira zamtondo, koma zokulirapo ndi zokulungidwa. M'mayendedwe omwe aphunziridwa, mink imayendayenda tsiku ndi tsiku, ikusindikiza gawo ndi mafungo ndi mawonekedwe owoneka.

Amakhala wokangalika momwe zingathere. sintha mkakapamene zizindikilo zoyamba za kusaka zachiwerewere zimayamba mwa akazi ndipo kuthamanga kumayambika, komanso nthawi yophukira, pomwe achichepere amapangidwanso komanso malo abwino kwambiri, opanda phokoso komanso bata.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zakudya za mink zimakhazikitsidwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono zamtsinje. Popeza nyama nthawi zambiri imapeza chakudya kudzera mu usodzi, ma perche, tenn, minnn, ndi gobies imakhala nyama yake. Nyama yaubweya siimakonda kudya nyama zina zazing'ono zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo osungirako nyama: anyana, achule, nsomba zazinkhanira kapena makoswe amtsinje. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso luso lake, mink imatha kudikirira ndi kugwira mbalame yakuthengo, gologolo wachichepere kapena muskrat.

M'nyengo yozizira, kusaka sikupanda zipatso, ma mink oyang'ana ku Europe amalimbitsidwa ndi mizu yamitengo, lingonberry zakutchire ndi zipatso za phulusa la kumapiri, zomwe zimapezeka ndi mbewu. Pamene nyengo yachisanu imayandikira, nyamazo zimakhala ndi nsomba ndi zipatso, ndikuziyika m'nyumba. Mink waku America amakonda kudya nsomba zazinkhanira, chifukwa kukoma kwake ndikabwino kuposa nsomba.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mink siitha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakasodzi, chifukwa imadyera nsomba zomwe sizili za malonda. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zodyerazi zimayenera kusaka nyama pamtunda, chifukwa matupi am'madzi omwe anali malo awo osaka amauma.

Kuchokera mbewa izi ndi makoswe ena, mbewa zimatulutsidwa mwachangu nthawi yozizira kuposa chilimwe. Chifukwa chake, makinawa amasamalira zachilengedwe ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa timakanda tating'ono tomwe timavulaza chilengedwe. Ndi magalamu 200 okha a zakudya patsiku ofunikira kuti mulimbe mink yokwanira njala.

Amatha kugawa chakudya chambiri m'magawo 4 8-9 patsiku. Ngati chakudya chomwe chilipo chikhala choposa izi, nyama yolowererayo imasiya nkhokwe. Mink imatha kutengedwa ngati nyama yabwino kwambiri, imakonda kudya nyama zatsopano, ndipo imangokhudza nyama zonyansa pambuyo masiku atatu a njala. Chifukwa chake, olusa amasintha masheya ake pafupipafupi kuti asakumane ndi vutoli.

Ngati timalankhula za ma mink okhala muukapolo, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa ndi nsomba, ndipo nthawi zina chimanga, masamba komanso ngakhale mkaka. M'mafamu a nyama ndi mafamu amayang'anira bwino zakudya zomwe nyama zimadya, chifukwa mtundu wake umadalira mink fur.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nthawi yakukhwima (mating) mu minks imachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Meyi. Pobereka, amuna amasankha zazikazi kuchokera komwe amakhala (momwe timayandikira kwambiri, ndikuthekera kwa matingwi).

Ngati amuna angapo amadzinamizira kuti ndi amodzi nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti pakati pawo kumenyanako kumayamba ndipo yemwe amakhala wankhanza kwambiri amapeza mwayi wokwatirana ndi mbewa zosankhidwa, enawo amasaka. Kuthengo, makungu amtundu womwewo sangakwatirane (mwachitsanzo. waku Europekusungunuka ndi aku America), mazira awo osakanizidwa amamwalira atangowonekera.

Mimba ya mink imatha masiku 40 mpaka 72 (kutengera mtundu, zakudya ndi moyo). Zotsatira zake, mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka ana a 2-7, ndipo mu mitundu ya ku America ana angapange nyama 10.

Ma mbewa amabadwa ang'ono, osakutidwa ndi ubweya komanso khungu. Amakula msanga, kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga miyezi iwiri, kenako nyama zazing'ono zimasinthira kuzakudya zomwe amayi awo amazipezera. Amuna pakadali pano satenga nawo mbali m'miyoyo ya ana awo ndikukhazikika.

Akakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, mink imayamba kuwonetsa zochita, makanda amakhala akusewera, ndipo pofika mwezi wa Julayi akula mokwanira (mpaka theka la amayi awo) kuti atuluke.

Mu Ogasiti, pamapeto pake amakula, amafikira kukula kwa akuluakulu, amayamba kusaka pawokha ndikudzipezera chakudya, ndipo pamapeto pake amasiya nyumba ya makolo. Ana atasinthana, maink modziyimira pawokha amayamba kudzikonzera okha matumba pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje yapafupi.

Mwa akazi, kutha msambo kumachitika m'miyezi 10 mpaka 12 ndipo mpaka zaka 3 zimakhala ndi chonde kwambiri, kenako chimatsika. Amuna amakhala okhwima pofika zaka 1.5-2. Kutalika konse kwa moyo wa ma mink kuthengo kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 10, ndipo ku ukapolo kumakhala pafupifupi kawiri ndipo kumatha kufika zaka 15.

Malo ogawa ma mink m'gawo losagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu limachepetsedwa nthawi zonse. Nyama za Fur zimasamalidwa mwachangu ndi anthu, chifukwa cha kutengera kwawo amapeza mapindu azinyama ndi mafamu a nyama. Chifukwa chake, anthu ochulukitsa ma minks amatha kukhalanso ndi mwayi wolamulira mitundu yazinyama.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Mink ndi nyama yaying'ono yokhala ndi malaya osalala, makamaka a bulauni. Ndiwofunika kwambiri m'banja labwinobwino, wokhala m'gulu la zoweta zomwe zimadya. Kutalika kwake, nyamayi imaposa masentimita makumi asanu, momwe masentimita khumi ndi asanu amakhala mchira umodzi.

Kuthengo, mitundu iwiri ya mink imakhala:

Mitundu iyi ya ma mink ili ndi kusiyana maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a anatomical, koma ndi yopanda tanthauzo. Chifukwa cha chisinthiko, moyo womwewo, nyama izi zidafanana kwambiri. Chizindikiro cha mink yonse ndiy kupezeka kwapadera pakati pa zala zakumaso. Ndiye amene amapangitsa kuti nyama zizisambira bwino kwambiri.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mitundu ya ku Europe ndi America idachokera kwathunthu kuchokera ku makolo akale. European mink idatsika pamzerewu, pomwe mink yaku America imawerengedwa ngati wachibale wa martens.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, mink ya ku Europe ndiye inali chinthu chachikulu kwambiri chosodza. Komabe, lero pang'onopang'ono, koma molimba mtima m'malo mwa America. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtunduwu, kutumizira nyama kuchokera kunja komanso kubereka mwachangu kwa nyama yaku America.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Oyimira tchalitchi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanuwa amapatsa kufunikira kwa ubweya padziko lonse lapansi. Pali kulongosola kosavuta kwa chiwerengerochi - minks imaberekanso modabwitsa.

Mapepala Osankhidwa

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• Fotokozani pamutuwu Minda ya nyama ya mkango 2
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• Fotokozani-lipoti la Mongolia pazaka 3 ndi 4
  Panjira yomwe amalonda amalumikizana, omwe adalumikiza maiko ena akutali kwambiri ku Asia, dziko la Mongolia lilipo. Moyo wonse wadzikolo komanso chitukuko chake adapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi China, Tibet ndi India. Kwa nthawi yayitali dziko la Mongolia linali kuponderezedwa ndi achi China

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Nyama Yanyama

Mink ndiye wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa weasels, ferrets, speaker. Mitundu yachilengedwe yainyama ndi ku Europe ndi ku America, koma m'ndende, asayansi adabanso mitundu ina yomwe yasintha. Mink ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali. Thupi limasinthasintha, ndipo kutalika kwake, pafupifupi, ndi mainchesi makumi anayi ndi atatu.

Kanema: Mink

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mchira wocheperako, koma wowonda kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kumayambira pakati pa khumi ndi awiri mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Kulemera kwa nyama yolusa si zoposa 800 gramu. Chifukwa cha magawo awa, chilombochi m'chilengedwe chimatha kulowa m'matumba osiyanasiyana, chimabisala mwachangu kuti chitha kupezeka kuti chikhala pamadzi mosavuta.

Chofunika kwambiri kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi mink ndi ubweya. Nyamayi yokhala ndi ubweya wokongola kwambiri, wandiweyani komanso pansi pamtambo. Khushoni imalepheretsa kuti chisavute kunyamula ngakhale itakhala nthawi yayitali kuti ichotse madzi. Ubwino wina wa ubweya ndi "nyengo yake yosangalatsa". Kusiyana pakati pa chivundikiro cha chilimwe ndi nyengo yachisanu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Mtundu wa nyamayo umatha kukhala wa bulauni, wofiyira pang'ono, woderapo komanso wakuda.Utoto umagawidwa moyenerera, pamimba pokhapokha pamakhala chowala pang'ono.

Ma mbewa ali ndi chopondera, khutu laling'ono lozungulira. Tizilombo tadzisungunula pang'ono kuchokera kumwamba, ndipo makutu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ozungulira ndipo samawonekera pansi pa ubweya. Ziwalo pakati pa zala zimatchulidwa. Makamaka amaima ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Komanso, kupezeka kwa malo oyera ndi chikhalidwe cha nyama izi. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pachibwano, komanso zimachitika pachifuwa.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Nthawi zambiri kusungunuka ndi nyama yodyera ya banja la marten. Ntchito yayikulu imachitika mumdima ndi usiku. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 28-45 cm ndi thupi lolemera 500-800 gr.Cunny Fur wamfupi, koma nthawi yomweyo wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani, osalola kuziziritsa ngakhale kuzizira. Utoto wake ndi wakuda kapena umatha kutchedwa "chokoleti chakuda", bulauni, pabuka, koma si kawirikawiri nyama imakhala ndi mzere kapena malo pachibwano kapena pachifuwa. Mwa njira, thupi la mink ndilosangalatsa, ndipo limafanana ndi nguluwe! Kupatula apo, thupi limakhala lotalikirapo, kupukutira ndi kochepa, mchira umakhuthala, makutu ndi ochepa, ndipo miyendo ndiyolimba.

Inde, nyumba kusungunuka amasankha nkhalango ndi udzu wokulirapo, pafupi ndi dambo kapena mitsinje. Madzi amathandizira makoswe kuti asangobisalira mdani, komanso chakudya. Kupatula apo, mkati chakudya sikuphatikiza timiyala tating'onoting'ono tokha, komanso achule, nsomba (nsomba, nsomba, thonje, gudgeon, squint), nsomba zazinkhanira, mbewa, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'madzi, ngakhale chambiri! Zowona, chiwetocho chimadya zinyalala kawirikawiri, ndimakonda zakudya zatsopano.

Kodi mink imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: American Mink

M'mbuyomu, malo okhala mink anali osiyanasiyana. Imayambira ku Finland mpaka kukafika kumapiri a Ural. Popita nthawi, nyama zidafalikira ku France, Spain. Komabe, zochuluka zasintha kuyambira pamenepo. Oimira banja la a Kunih akucheperachepera. Kuchulukana kwawo kwatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha malo okhala, ndipo kumadera ena nyama izi zidasowa kwathunthu.

Masiku ano, malo ovomerezeka a European minks ali ndi zidutswa zingapo: Ukraine ndi Russia, kumpoto kwa Spain, kumadzulo kwa France, madera ena a Romania. Nyamayo imatha kupezeka pamalo okwera mpaka mikono chikwi ndi mazana awiri kuchokera pansi. Mitundu yaku America ndi yodziwika ku North America. Komabe, idabweretsedwanso ku Europe, North Asia. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, ma mink oposa mamiliyoni anayi aku America abweretsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mtunduwu umagawidwa mwachangu pamafamu osiyanasiyana a ubweya.

M'malo amakono, chiwerengero cha mink chikuchepa kwambiri. Kupatula kumeneko kungatchedwa Romania ndi madera angapo aku Russia: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Tver. Komabe, asayansi akufotokoza nkhawa kuti posakhalitsa kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kuyambanso kuchepa. Ma mink aku Europe samatha osati chifukwa chachilengedwe kapena kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, koma chifukwa chofalikira mwachangu zamtundu waku America.

Khalidwe

European mink imakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yaying'ono kapena mitsinje, yokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka m'malo osungira. M'malo a mapiri, imatha kukhazikika pamalo okwera mpaka 1,500 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutalika kwa malo okhala kunyumba m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumayambira 2 mpaka 13 km kwa akazi ndi mpaka 44 km kwa amuna. Kupezeka kwa masamba akuluakulu oterewa kukufotokozedwa ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha nyama.

Mink imatsogolera moyo wamadzulo, kugonjetsa 1 mpaka 2 km pausiku. Amatha kukumba mabowo angapo m'gawo la malo ake osakira komwe amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala pobisalira nyama zina. Bowo lililonse lili ndi chipinda chopumulirako, chimbudzi ndi malo ena awiri otsogola kumka kumadzi ndi m'nkhokwe zowirira. Nyumba yomwe ili mkati mwake imakhala ndi udzu, mbewa ndi nthenga zazing'ono za mbalame.

Kodi mink amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Black Mink

Zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku zitha kukhala ndi:

• Makoswe onga mbewa: makoswe amadzi, mbewa zam'munda,
• Nsomba. Nyama sizikakana maula, minnuna, trout. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kudya pafupifupi nsomba iliyonse,
• Zinyama zam'madzi: nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhono, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana,
• Amphibians: tadpoles, zazing'ono zazing'ono, achule, caviar.

Nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala zimakonda kuchezedwera ndi anthu kuti adye zakudya. Amangosambira mahatchi, kuwina nkhuku ndi kumazigwira nkhuku. Ngati nyamayi ili ndi njala kwambiri, ndiye kuti singachite manyazi ndi zinyalala za chakudya cha anthu. Komabe, anthu ambiri m'banjamo amakonda kudya zakudya zatsopano. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti atha kufa ndi njala, koma osapitilira masiku anayi.

Ma mbewa amatha kuwoneka pamitengo. Pamenepo amatha kudya mazira a mbalame. Mink pafupifupi imadya pafupifupi magalamu mazana awiri a chakudya patsiku, makamaka mwatsopano. Ngati nyama ikasaka nyama yambiri, ndiye kuti imatha kusiya chakudya kapena nthawi yachisanu. Wofunkhako akubisala m'nyumba yapadera.

Mink ndi zilonda zolimba. Komabe, ngati kusaka kosapambana, angadye kwakanthawi kwakudya kosakhala kwawo: zipatso, mizu, bowa, mbewu. Ngati chiweto chabedwa, ndiye kuti anthu amachidyetsa ndi chakudya chapadera (chouma komanso chonyowa) ndi timinofu tinsomba.

Zochitika pakhungu ndi zolakwika zomwe zingatheke

Zida zopanda pake zimalowa mumsokhano wamtopola. Kenako wizard amayamba kuvala, zomwe zimakhala ndi izi:

1. Zilowerere. Kufewetsa zikopa zowira.
2. Kuthira Mothandizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mezdril, mabala onse a nyama ndi mafuta amkati amachotsedwa zikopa.
3. Pickling. Cholinga choika zikondwererozo munkhokwe yapadera yamchere ndi kuletsa njira zowonongeka za mezra, kufewetsa zinthuzo m'magawo a collagen ndikupereka acidity yofunikira pakuthanso.
4. Kuyatsa. Kufufuza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njira zotetezera kuti muchepetse shrinkage panthawi yopukuta komanso ngozi yonyowa, kuwonjezera mphamvu, kusintha mawonekedwe a ubweya.
5. Zhirovanie. Kuchulukitsa kufalikira ndi kutakasuka kwa ntchito zogwirira ntchito poyambitsa mafuta mu meszra.
6. Konzekera. Kneading ndi kutambasula mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Zikopa zimatha kukhala ndi chilema. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi misozi, keratinization wa minofu yapakhungu, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe ndi masanjidwe amtundu, kupezeka kwa mafupa mchira ndi miyendo, kusowa kwa khungu, tsitsi lopoterera, kupindika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mulu.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Nyama yanyama

Mink amakhala kwambiri m'malo a nkhalango, osati kutali ndi malo amadzi: mitsinje, dziwe, nyanja. Amakonda kukhala, kuswana ndi kusaka malo ang'onoang'ono komanso opanda phokoso. M'malo oyeretsedwa, magombe ndi malo otseguka sizimawonekera. Amakonda kumanga zisa zawo m'mabedi, zitsamba.

Nyama imadzipangira tokha kapena imagwiritsa ntchito mabowo pansi: zingwe zachilengedwe, ming'alu yaying'ono, mabowo kapena mabowo otayidwa. Nyama imagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikika kwake. Amatha kumusiya pawiri kokha: kusefukira kwamadzi, kusowa kwa chakudya munyengo yachisanu.

Burows nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono, koma imagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Pali malo ogona akulu, chimbudzi ndi malo ochulukirapo angapo. Kutuluka kumodzi kumafikira komwe kumachokera madzi, chachiwiri -. Nthaka zokhala ndi zopangika ndi zinthu zachilengedwe: nthenga, mbewa, masamba, udzu wouma.

Chosangalatsa: Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakhalidwe omwe adachitika mu 60s, ma mink ali ndi maluso ophunzitsira apamwamba kwambiri. Maluso awa, adutsa amphaka, ma skunk ndi zala.

Peresenti ya zochita za nyamayi imachitika usiku. Komabe, ngati kusaka usiku sikunaphule kanthu, ndikwanje amatha kugwira ntchito masana. Nyama imakhala nthawi yayitali kumtunda ndikuyang'ana chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama izi zimakakamizidwa kuti ziziyenda kwambiri, chifukwa kupeza chakudya choyenera kukuvutikanso. Komanso, nyamayi imawononga nthawi yambiri kusambira. Imagunda mtunda wawukulu pamadzi, kumayambira, imagwira nsomba mochenjera komanso ma amphibians.

Mtundu wa zilusa zamtchire ndi wopandaubwenzi, koma osati wankhanza. Ma mbewa amakonda kukhala kwayekha, komwe samakonda kuyandikira kwa munthu. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwona chilombo choterocho chiri mu ukapolo. Zinthu zokhazokha zamtunda zomwe zitha kupereka umboni kukhalapo kwake.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Mink mwachilengedwe

Nyengo yokhotakhota nthawi zambiri imatha kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Pakadali pano, nyamazo zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Amuna angapo amathamangitsa wamkazi mmodzi nthawi imodzi. Amachita mpikisano wina ndi mnzake, kupendekera koseketsa. Nthawi zina nkhondo zoopsa zimachitika kwa dona wamtima. Akaziwo ukadzaza umuna, wamphongo umusiya. Okwatirana akuluakulu amakhala mosiyana akakwatirana.

Mimba yonse yazinyama imakhala nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi masiku makumi anayi. Ana obadwa nthawi zambiri amabadwa ndi Meyi. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi samaberekanso ana osaposa asanu ndi awiri. Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, nyama zazing'ono zimafikira pafupifupi kukula kwa munthu wamkulu. Mu Ogasiti, amakula mpaka kukula kwawo komaliza. Nthawi yomweyo, wamkazi amasiya kudyetsa ana mkaka. Amaphunzira kupezera okha chakudya, chakudya chawo chimakhala nyama kwathunthu. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbewu imachoka kudzenje la amayi.

Chosangalatsa: Kukula mwakugonana mu ma mink kumachitika ndi miyezi khumi. Mpaka zaka zitatu, nyama izi zimakhala ndi chonde kwambiri. Popita nthawi, chonde cha akazi chimayamba kuchepa.

Chiwerengero chonse chamoyo chazinyama zazing'ono sichitha kuposa zaka khumi. Komabe, ali mu ukapolo, ma mink amatha kukhala zaka zambiri - kuposa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Amasinthasintha mwachangu mikhalidwe yakunyumba, koma ngakhale atatha zaka zambiri samakhala buku lathunthu.

Masamba wamba a European mink

Dongosolo laling'ono la European mink ndi Caucasian European mink (Mustela lutreola turovi), yemwe amakhala kudera la Lower Volga, Lower Don ndi Caucasus. Amakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi m'mitsinje. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo ma amphibians, nsomba zazing'ono, makoswe apafupi ndi madzi, tizilombo. Zipilala zimamangidwa m'mphepete mwanyumba ndi m'makina m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nyengo ya kubereka imagwera pa Marichi-Epulo, kukula kwachinyamata kumabadwa kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena June. Mu zinyalala za ana anayi achikazi, kutha msambo kumachitika pazaka 10 zakubadwa.

Adani achilengedwe a mink

Chithunzi: Nyama yanyama

Adani achilengedwe a mink ndi:

• Nyama zoyamwitsa. Zinyama zazing'ono zomwe zikuluzikulu komanso zamphamvu kuposa iye zimatha kupha ndikudya nyama yaying'ono. Izi zikuphatikiza anyani, nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, mimbulu. Koma nthawi zambiri, mbewa imayamba kugundidwa ndi mtsinje. Bwatayo amasambira bwino ndipo amakhala pafupi ndi ma mink, motero amagwidwa mosamala usiku ndi masana. Otter amatha kudya osati ndi wamkulu, komanso ndi ana awo,
• Mbalame zodya nyama. Adani akuluakuluwo ndi mbalame zazikulu: kadzidzi, kadzidzi, akambuku. Usiku nyama ikagwera mbewa, imatha kugwidwa ndi kadzidzi kapena kadzidzi, ndipo masana mbalameyi imatha kudikirira
• Mink waku America. Ma mink ali ndi mpikisano wodziwika bwino. Monga momwe akatswiri a zanyama azindikirira, nyama zaku America zimawononga mwadala European kuti izimasulira yokha komanso abale ake. Komabe, mawonekedwe a alendo akunja adatilola kusintha chidwi cha asaka ku mink aku Europe,
• Za munthu. Mdani wowopsa kwambiri mwadala, ndipo nthawi zina amawononga nyama mwadala. Masiku ano, zimangopulumutsa paimfa ya ma mink kuti adayamba kuziyala pa mafamu apadera a ubweya.

Chochititsa chidwi: Malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zakufa, mink si nthawi zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito nyama zomwe zimadyedwa. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kuphedwa kwa nyama ndi njala, matenda ndi majeremusi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Mink chilimwe

Mink ndiye gwero lalikulu la ubweya. Ubweya wawo umayamikiridwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, komanso amateteza kutentha. Mwapamwamba, ubweya wa mink waku America umawonedwa kuti ndiwopamwamba kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Osati kale kwambiri, ubweya unkapezeka wokha posaka nyama. Asodzi amasaka misampha mwaluso nthawi yozizira, anagwira akuluakulu ndikupeza zikopa zawo. Zonsezi zinayambitsa kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwa anthu okhala ndi mink kumalo awo okhala.

Mofulumira kwambiri, ma mink anatha kuchokera kumadera ambiri, ndipo kusaka kunatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu kuchuluka kwa ubweya. Kuyambira pamenepo, iwo anayamba kubereka ma mink mu ukapolo. Ndipo masiku ano ngakhale minda yamagulu, osati nyama zachilengedwe, ndi gwero la ubweya. Izi zidasintha kwambiri vutoli ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewa kuthengo, koma sizinathetse kwathunthu.

Kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kukuchepa. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimayambitsa izi: kuipitsa matupi amadzi, kugwira nyama, kupikisana mwamphamvu. Pakadali pano, ma mink a ku Europe adalembedwa mu Red Book m'magawo ambiri amtundu wawo, mndandanda wofiira wa IUCN. Kusaka nyama izi ndizoletsedwa m'maiko ambiri, kuchuluka ndi malo awo amatetezedwa.

Momwe mungawerengere ubweya wabwino mukamagula chovala cha mink?

Mtundu ndi ubweya wa ubweya uzitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi:

• Mtengo. Mtengo wotsika ndi chizindikiro cha chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotsika kwambiri kapena zakale.
• Ku malo ogulitsira. Ndikwabwino kugula zogulitsa mwapadera, komwe kumayang'ana mbiri yake ndipo sikugulitsa zinthu zotsika mtengo.
• Kupezeka kwa satifiketi. Mutha kusiyanitsa mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi wotsika mtengo mwa kukhalapo kwa zikalata zomwe zimafotokozedwanso zonse zantchitoyo.

• Mawonekedwe. Zinthu zabwino ziyenera kukhala ndi mulu wonyezimira, wosalala, wopanda mawonekedwe komanso matamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika. Kutsatira tsitsi ndikosavomerezeka.
• Zosangalatsa. Mutha kusiyanitsa ubweya wabwino ndi kufewa, kusalala komanso kumvera.
• Mezdre. Pafupi ndi pake pazikhala zopanda pake komanso zowonongeka.

Tikutsegula ...
Gawanani ndi ena!

Habitat

Moyo kusungunuka imalumikizidwa ndimadzi oyera, motero imakhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja, ndipo sichichoka m'mphepete mwa malo osungira kupitirira 200. Malo okondweretsa oyendetsedwa ndi zitsamba zotayidwa amatsuka mitsinje ya mitsinje yaying'ono ndi mitsinje yodzala ndi tchire ndi nkhalango, komanso akulu ndi nyanja zazing'ono . Popewa ma bulu akulu otseguka ndi mchenga. Nthawi zina mink yaku Europe imakhala pafupi ndi mphero, osachita manyazi ndi kukhalapo kwa munthu ndi ntchito zake. Kudera lamapiri, limakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi osefukira komanso pakati pama mitsinje akuluakulu. M'nyengo yotentha, mink nthawi zambiri imatsatira malo ena ndipo imakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo ochepa. Apa, atakutidwa ndi nyanja, m'mizu kapena m'miyala yamatope ndi yophulika pamhepo, amakonzekeretsa chisa chake ndikugona tsiku lonse. Ndi chakudya chochuluka, chimasonkhanitsa nkhokwe m'miyala, kukokako komwe kunagwidwa nsomba, njoka, achule ndi nyama zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri, ukapeza nsomba yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe asodzi amagwira, mbewayi imakoka nsomba zambiri zomwe zimakodwa mu ukondewo.

Mafashoni Amitundu 2019 2020

Chaka chino, malaya mpaka mawondo ali pamafashoni, pamene akusoka omwe anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito zikopa za mink chonse. Ndili m'zinthu zazitali chonchi kapena zopendekeka zokhazika pansi zomwe opanga amatha kuwonetsa kukongola kwa ubweya wa mink. Mukasoka mitundu, makina osunthika kapena osakanikirana amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mafani azinthu zazifupi za ubweya sangakhale wopanda chidwi ndi zolemba zapamwamba. Zovala zamkati zoyambirira, zodula za asymmetric zimagwirizana ndi umunthu wowala, wowoneka bwino. M'mafashoni, zinthu zopangidwa ndiinki ndi zipper komanso chowongolera pakhosi, zoterezi zimafanana ndi zamphepo za ubweya.

Malaya amakono a mink amatha kukhala ndi kutalika kwapansi kapena mpaka pakati pa mwendo wotsika. Zogulitsa zotere zimagwiritsa ntchito zikopa zopingasa, zopindika kapena zamakona. Izi ndizitali, pansi, mink.

Kubalana, kusamalira ana

Kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika, mink yaku Europe imakhala yogwira ntchito. Zithunzi za nyama zomwe zikuthamanga mu chisanu sizachilendo, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo amaiwala za kukhala maso, kuthamangitsa akazi.Ma njira onse pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyambo, amuna amalimbana okhaokha, kukuwa, kuyesa kukopa chidwi cha dona. Mapeto atatha, maukwati amathetsa, akazi pawokha amadzala ndi ana. Mimba imatenga masiku 45-60, nthawi zambiri m'mawa 5 amabadwa. Kunja, poyamba zimawoneka ngati ma trokees akuda, utoto wowona umawonekera wazaka chimodzi ndi theka. Pakati pa chilimwe, ana amapeza amayi awo kukula kwake, ndipo pakutha kwa chilimwe amafanizidwa kwathunthu ndi iye. Mukugwa, aliyense amayenda momwe akufunira, pomwe wamkazi amasiya kupatsa mkaka, ndikusintha kwa chakudya kukhala chakudya.

Kodi chimadya chiyani?

Gome la nyama izi ndi losiyanasiyana. Ndiwotsala, chifukwa chake chakudya chimafunidwa m'madzi ndi m'mbali mwa nyanja. Kutengera nthawi ya zaka, zokolola, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama m'derali.

Mu nthawi yozizira, chizolowezi cha ku Europe chimadyera makamaka makoswe ang'ono, achule, ndipo ndizo zonse nsomba. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, nyamayo imasunga. M'nyengo yotentha pachaka, nyama izi zimatha kusaka nthawi iliyonse masana. Momwemonso, nthawi zambiri amafunafuna nyama usiku, mbandakucha dzuwa litalowa.

Kawiri pachaka, nyama izi zimawonetsa makanema apadera. Nthawi yoyamba ndi nthawi yophukira, nthawi yaukwati wa otter ikayamba. M'dzinja, achinyamata amakhala, nyama zimafunafuna malo abwino amoyo.

Pafupifupi nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo nthawi yozizira itapangidwa ayezi wopanda pake, amasuntha m'deralo. Nyama izi zimasambira mwangwiro, zimatha kulowa m'madzi, ndipo zimakhala zosayenera kutuluka pamtunda kwa mphindi ziwiri. Mink imatha kukwera mumtengo, koma mutero pachitika ngozi.

Sizikudziwika chifukwa chake, monga mink, imakhala mobisalira kwambiri; kuiwona mwachilengedwe, ngakhale kumenya mutu wanu kukhoma. Asodzi amakumana ndi nyama m'mawa.

Zakuti mink imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zitha kunenedwa pazikhalidwe. Ndiwofanana ndi mayendedwe omwe adasiyidwa ndi aretret, koma ozunguliridwa komanso makamaka kukula kwake. Kununkhira kumapangitsa kuti mawondo ake akhale otakataka kuposa chithaphwi.

Masana, nyama izi zimatha kuyenda mtunda wa varia. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, imakhala yakufika pa 500 m. Ndipo nthawi yozizira - mpaka 200 m .. ndizothekanso kusiyanitsa matepi a mink kuchokera m'mabande a Ferret chifukwa chakuti ali ndi malo otsika kwambiri.

Kuswana kwanyumba

Anthu amaswana mink kwambiri m'ma famu apadera a nyama. Nyamazo zimasungidwa m'zitsulo zamagetsi, zomwe zimatha kuyima panja komanso mkati.

Pakadali pano, ma mbewa amapakidwa modabwitsa.

Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi itatu, ubweya wozizira ukamera nyama, zimaphedwa. Mink yamafuko amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 3-4, pambuyo pake amaphedwa. Chifukwa chake, anthu amazunza mwankhanza nyama zopanda mlandu chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola, womwe umatha kulowa m'malo mwake ndi analogue yopanga. Anthu amachita umbanda weniweni, koma umunthu ndi wadyera kotero kuti sazindikira kuwopsa kwa zomwe akuchita.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.

Kuswana kwaumboni

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mink yaku America ndiyowonongera nkhanza. Ngati achikulire omwe ali mu ukapolowo ali ochezeka kwambiri kwa anthu, ndiye kuti angathe kupanga ndewu yayikulu pakati pawo. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala ndi munthu aliyense payekhapayekha. Nthawi yakubala (kasupe, Marichi), yamphongo imakhala pansi ndi yaikazi ndikuchotsedwa pomwe mbewu ili pa njira. Izi zimachitika patatha milungu 7 mutachira. Chiwerengero chazitali kwambiri cha ana ali ndi zaka 15. Ana agalu akakula akayamba kuwolokera pawokha, muyenera kutseka ma cell apansi kapena kuwaika m'mabokosi kuti asatayike m'maenje akulu. Kukula nyama zazing'ono, zomwe sizikufunika mkaka wa m'mawere, zimabzalidwa m'maselo osiyanasiyana kuti mupewe "chiwonetsero". Mink imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo sichingatenge matenda pafupipafupi, koma m'malo obisalamo amafunikabe katemera ndi mavitamini amaminidwe owonjezera.

Mtengo wongoyerekeza

Mtengo wa khungu limodzi la mink ndi madola 50-100. Chovala chimodzi cha ubweya chimatenga zikopa 20-40. Zopangidwa ndi ubweya wazaka zamtunduwu zimawononga madola 3,000,000. Kwa mitundu yatsopano yapadera muyenera kulipira madola 5-10. Chovala chofewa wamba chingagulidwe $ 1,000. Chovala chofupikitsa chaubweya chimakhala ndalama 500-700.

Kupanga ubweya wa mafakitale

Pankhani yopindulitsa, kupanga ubweya ndikofanana ndi zodzikongoletsera. Ma famu akulu a nyama samangolima, komanso posankha mitundu mitundu. Makampani opanga ubweya waukulu kumsika wapadziko lonse ndi mayiko a Scandinavia ndi North America. Mink yaku America, yomwe imamera m'mafamu ku USA ndi Canada, imakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira makamaka. Akatswiri a kuderali aphunzira kuweta nyama ndi ubweya wocheperako, wakuda kwathunthu. Ubweya wa mink waku North America ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mitundu ya Scinkinavia mink ndi mitundu yaku America yowonjezeredwa mu Europe. Ubweya wa ku Scandinavia ndiwofala kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa Scandinavia ndi North America, alimi aubweya ochokera ku Russia, Ukraine, Greece, ndi Baltic amapereka ubweya wofunika. Osati kale kwambiri, achi China adalumikizana ndi opanga mink. Zovala zawo ndizabwino kwambiri, koma atchuka chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika yazogulitsa.

Mtengo wachuma

Masiku ano, mink yaku Europe yataya malo mokomera Amereka, yomwe yathetsa bwino chilengedwe chake. Nyamayi inachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zazinyama zomwe zimadya zofanana.

Kwa munthu, kuvulazidwa ndi kukongola kwabwino kwaubweya wa furry kumakhala pakuwukira kwake mbalame yokhala m'nyumba.

Zodalirika zotchinga

Mitundu yokhala ndi yochotsa zochotseredwa imatha kuvalidwa nyengo yoyambilira ya nyundo ndi chisanu. Malonda apadziko lonse lapansi samangokhala othandiza, komanso okongola modabwitsa.

Kola ya apache, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusoka chovala chapamwamba, imatha kupezeka pamalaya aminki. Mink yokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi imakupatsani mwayi wopanga mawonekedwe amitundu iliyonse.

Zovala

Chovala cha mink chovalidwa ndi zinthu zokuluka komanso zaubweya. Pansalu yayifupi yaubweya wavala mathalauza achikopa kapena ma jeans akhungu oyika bwino. Chovala chofunda cha bondo chitha kuvekedwa ndi masiketi amfupi ndi mathalauza odulidwa molunjika. Chovala chotalika pansi chimaphatikizidwa ndi mathalauza odulidwa molunjika kapena ndi madiresi atali.

Pansi pa chikopa cha mink kapena nsapato za suede, mwachitsanzo, nsapato, nsapato, nsapato, nsapato za ankolo. Mutha kuvala chipewa, chipewa choluka kapena mpango kumutu kwanu.

Zowoneka bwino

Chovala cha mink chikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zovala zamtundu uliwonse. Chovala chachifupi chatsitsi chovalachi chimavalidwa ndi ma jeans ndi maraya, zimapangitsa kuphatikiza koyambirira kwamayendedwe wamba. Zovala zam'manja za mink zapamwamba zimavalidwa ndimavalidwe amadzulo kapena masuti azamalonda. Chovala cha ubweya wapakatikati chitha kuvekedwa ngati chovala chamawonekedwe atavala mathalauza komanso ma turtlenecks.

Wagwa

Patsiku lozizira bwino, ndikupita kuntchito, mutha kuvala jekete lopanda mikono kuti mugwade ma suti yabizinesi. Zovala za tsiku ndi tsiku, choyenera cholunjika kumanzere m'chiuno ndichabwino, chovala chovala chachifupi choterocho chimatha kuvalidwa ndimavalidwe a jeans ndi zovala.

Momwe mungavalire zazovala zazimayi, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ya nsapato zokongola za nsapato

Mu chisanu choopsa, zovala zabwinoko kuposa chovala chamabondo akuya, mutha kulingalira. Mtunduwu umateteza ku mphepo yozizira komanso kutentha kwa kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuvala malaya amfupi aubweya wokhala ndi kansalu kapena malaya ataliitali pansi.

Wopambana waku America

American mink imafanana kwambiri ndi abale ake aku Europe, koma ili ndi thupi lalikulupo - kutalika kwake kumafika 60 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 2-3 kg, ndipo mchira wake wa fluffy ndi wofika masentimita 30.

Amereka amasiyana ndi Europe mink chifukwa kusambira kwa timiyendo tosambira pamiyendo sikutukuka pang'ono. Koma amakhala ndi chovala chothina cha ubweya chokhala ndi undercoat yakuda pakuda ndi imvi.

Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi mink waku America ndikuti mlomo wake wapansi ndi chibwano chake ndi zoyera, ndipo milomo yapamwamba ndi mtundu womwewo wokhala ndi pamwamba pamutu.

Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, malo omwe amakhala kwambiri ku mink ku America ndi nkhalango zaku North America - USA ndi Canada. Ku Europe, mink yaku America imakhazikitsidwa bwino ku minda yamtchire ndi nyama ku England, Germany, France ndi Scotland. Ku Russia, idathandizanso kudera lomwe lili mbali zonse ziwiri za mapiri a Ural, makamaka ku Far East.

Kuthengo, mink yaku America idatulutsidwa koyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ku Primorsky Territory, ku Sikhote-Alin Reserve. Kuphatikiza apo, adayamba kuswana mink m'mafamu aubweya wa Primorsky Territory ndi madera ena a Russia. Mwambiri, kusinthika kwa nyamayo kunali bwino, tsopano malo okhala mink ndi ochulukirapo - amatha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yonse ndi nyanja zoyenera moyo.

Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu am'derali kumadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi nyengo yachisanu ya mitsinje - mink ikukhazikika m'malo osungira osazizira.

Mabowo ndi mizu yamitengo, ndi ngalande zakuzama zokumbidwa ndi nyama zina ndizoyenera kukhala ngati nyumba ku America mink. Mink amayesa kuti nyumba yake ikhale yabwino komanso yosalala, komwe amakwirira pansi mdzenje ndi kama ndi masamba owuma ndi udzu. Zinyalala zimasunga kwambiri, kuti nthawi yozizira, yozizira kwambiri, itha kutseka makomo ndi kutuluka, ndikusintha kutentha mu chisa. Chimbudzi chimakwaniritsa bowo, kapena pafupi nalo.

M'chilimwe, pakalibe mavuto azakudya, mink imasaka pafupi ndi nyumba yawo, koma nthawi yozizira, kuti isaka bwino, iyenera kupita mtunda wa 30 km.

Ngakhale kusambira kosakwanira, mink yaku America imasambira bwino, ndikupanga ngati mchira ndi thupi. Amasambira akuya kwa 4-5 metres ndipo amatha kusambira mpaka mamita 30 pansi pamadzi.

Pamtunda, mink imatha kuthamanga kwambiri mpaka 20 km pa ola limodzi, ndipo madzi amayenda kuthamanga kwa 1-1,% km pa ola limodzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kukakhala chipale chofewa, mink imayenda pansi pake ndipo imapanga malo ambiri owonekera a chipale chofewa.

Mink waku America amadya zomwe zingatheke kugwira - nsomba zazing'ono, achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, mbewa ndi makoswe. Anthu ambiri amadyera nyama za muskrats ndi nyama zinzake, ngati zingatheke, makoswe amayesa kuba nkhuku.

Nthawi yopukusa ya mink imatenga mwezi wa February mpaka Epulo; makanda amabadwa mu Epulo-Meyi. Amereka ndi amayi ochulukirapo - amabwera ndi ana osakwana 10 nthawi, koma pali zosiyasiyana - makanda 5-6 kapena 16.

Kusasitsa kugonana mwa akazi kumachitika pofika chaka chimodzi, ngakhale amakula mpaka miyezi 4-5. Amuna amakhala okhwima mwakugonana ali ndi zaka 1.5, ndipo amakula mpaka kukula kwa chinyama chachikulu pomatha miyezi 12. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, moyo wa mink waku America ndi zaka 10-12.

LIFESTYLE

Mink yaku America imakhala moyo wawo wokha ndipo imalondera madera ake, ngakhale madera achimuna nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi madera a akazi angapo. Malo aliwonse, omwe eni ake amawerengera ndowe, ndi mtunda wopapatiza, wotambalala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje kapena nyanja. Pamalo amenewa, pamakhala mabedi angapo, omwe eni malowo amawagwiritsa ntchito, dzenje lomwe linasiyidwa ndi mwini wake wa dzenje, kaphiri kamwala kapena malo obisika pakati pa miyala amathanso kukhala malo okhalamo. Mink imagwira ntchito chaka chonse, amakonda kupita kokasaka usiku kapena usiku, koma nthawi yozizira imasaka zakudya ndi masana. Pamtunda, chilombo chimayenda pamtondo, ndipo pakusaka imasunthira mderalo kufunafuna nyama. Zakudya za mink zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyengo: nthawi yozizira, njira yayikulu ndi nsomba, kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira - zosefera, chilimwe - nsomba zazinkhanira ndi tizilombo. Nthawi zina, nyama sizisamala kudya mbalame kapena makoswe. Msodzi wankhanzayu anaphunzira kupha nthawi yomweyo ngakhale wamkulu pang'onopang'ono mwa kumukukutira khosi. Ponena za kutsatira nyama zam'madzi, mink choyamba imakwera kupita kumalo owonera - mwala kapena nthambi yamitengo. Nyamayi imasambira ndi kusenda, ngakhale kuti mapapo ochepa satha kumulola kuti apume kwanthawi yayitali. Mink ikasambira pafupi ndi madzi, imangoyenda ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo - ziwalo zosambira zimapangidwira kwambiri, ndipo pansi pa madzi chimagwiritsanso ntchito zatsogola. Ngati chiweto chikutha kugwira nyama yodabwitsa, imadya mpaka kutaya ndipo masiku 2-3 sangathe kusiya bedi.

Kusintha kwanyumba

Popeza amadalira madzi, mink yaku Europe imakonzanso nyumba yake pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Malongosoledwe a mabowo ali pafupifupi ofanana, ali osaya, ali ndi malo awiri, chimbudzi ndi chipinda chachikulu, chomwe chiri ndi masamba owuma, moss, nthenga za mbalame. Nthawi zina nyamayo amabwereka nyumba ku makoswe am'madzi kapena ma mustelids ena. Chimodzi mwa zotuluka mdzenjemo chimabisidwa munkhalango yamtchire, ndipo inayo imatsogolera ku chosungira. Mwa njira, mink imagwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake njira yoponderezedwa imachoka pamenepo. M'madera omwe muli mitengo yambiri ya biji, nyama zimapezeka m'maenje omwe si kutali ndi nthaka. Amatha kupeza malo osungirako malo osungirako zinthu zakale, pansi pa mabanki owoneka bwino, mizu yopotozedwa, m'miyala yamphepo yamkuntho. Mink imayang'anitsitsaukhondo wake, ndikuyeretsa nthawi zonse kuti zisasweke.

Ubale wapadera ndi chilengedwe cham'madzi

Njira yokhala m'madzi yam'madzi imati ng'ombe zaku Europe zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Malo okondedwa a nyama ndi dziwe laling'ono lopendekera lomwe lili chobisalira m'chipululu, mitsinje yokhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso mitsinje yokhala ndi pang'onopang'ono ndiyoyenera. Apa mink kupeza malo odalirika komanso chakudya. Malo oterowo amawakopa ndi kuzizira, chinyezi chambiri, komanso amapereka malingaliro otetezeka, chifukwa akawona zoopsa nyamayo imathamangira m'madzi kuti ibisala kuti ingathamangire. Minks ikumphira m'madzi, kusambira pansi pamadzi, pambuyo 20 mamilimita kutuluka kwa masekondi angapo kupuma mpweya ndikubwereranso pansi pamadzi. Amatha kuyenda pansi pa dziwe. Maphunzirowa si owopsa kwa iwo, chifukwa chake amatha kumakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mwachangu ndi malankhulidwe, kamvuluvulu.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kusamalira mink ndikosavuta, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ochepa okha:

1. Nyumba yabwino. Sitikulankhula za mabokosi akuluakulu kapena zokweza. Iyenera kukhala khola lalikulu lodzazidwa ndi udzu, masamba, utuchi. Komanso, ulowu uyenera kupangidwa mkati mwa khola, momwe nyamayo imathawirako.
2. Chakudya chokoma. Muyenera kudyetsa mink kwathunthu. Menyuyi muyenera kukhala ndi nsomba, nyama, mkaka, tchizi tchizi, masamba, chimanga. Obereketsa ambiri amagula zakudya zapadera, amapanga cholakwika chachikulu. Poterepa, nyamayi imakhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
3. Nthawi yochitira zinthu zakunja. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyamayo imalephera kukhala m'khola. Iyenera kutsetsedwera poyenda (ndikothekera), kusewera, kuloledwa kukonza njira zamadzi mu bafa kapena dziwe.

Mink waku America ndi nyama yokhota. Khalidwe ndilamodzi kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuneneratu pasadakhale.

Moyo wopanga

Podzitchinjiriza ndi dzenje. Amadzipangira okha, koma nthawi zina amatha kukhazikika mum muskrat. Nyumba zingapo zitha kupezeka poyimapo. Izi ndizokhazikika komanso zingapo zosakhalitsa.
Murju wokhazikika amakhala ana. Nyama zimawakonzera pagombe la nkhokwe m'malo owuma bwino. Nthawi zambiri minyewa imeneyi imakhala pansi pa mizu ya mtengo komanso kumbali ndi madzi. Ma mbewa amapangitsa kulowa kwa 1-2 kulowa kubowo lawo kosatha. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi ndi phompho kwambiri, khomo limatha kukhala pansi pa msewu wamadzi.

Kutalika kwa sitiroko ndi 1-1.5 m. Chotsatira ndi malo osungira zocheperako. Nyama imayiyika ndi udzu ndi nthenga za mbalame. Kuphatikiza pa dzenje lalikululi, nyamayo imadzipangira pobisalira. Itha kukhala pansi pamizu yamitengo yayikulu kapena pamalo obisika. Mink amasankha munda. Kodi angabisike kwa mdani.

Kufalitsa

Mbiri yakum'mawa kwa Europe idayambira ku Finland kupita kumapiri akum'mawa kwa Mapiri a Ural, kuchokera kumwera kupita kumapiri a Caucasus ndi kumpoto kwa Spain. Kuwoneka kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa mink ku France (1839) ndi kum'mawa kwa Spain (1951) kukusonyeza kufalikira kwakanthawi kwa mitunduyo kumadzulo. Pazaka 150 zapitazi, adachepetsedwa kwambiri ndikuwonetsedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri pazambiri zake zakale.

Pakadali pano, magawoli ali ndi zidutswa zingapo zopezeka kumpoto kwa Spain komanso kumadzulo kwa France, ku Danube Delta ku Romania, ku Ukraine ndi ku Russia. Imachitika pamalo okwera mpaka 1120 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Mtundu wamtunduwu udangokhala ndi gawo laling'ono la mtundu wake ndipo ukutsika ngakhale m'makoko otsalira. Kupatula pokhapokha, ku Georgia kokha, madera a Vologda, Tver ndi Arkhangelsk ku Russia ndi omwe angaganiziridwe. Ku Romania, kupezeka kwa mink ku Europe ku Danube Delta kunatsimikiziridwa mu 1999. Mink yaku Europe ikuwoneka kuti ili ponseponse. Kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa misampha kuyambira 2001 kukuwonetsa kuti mink imakhala m'dera lopanda ma 2,500 kilomita. Mu Vologda Oblast, chifukwa cha kutsika kwachangu kwa mitundu kumadera oyandikana ndi kukhalapo kwa mink aku America, ndizokayikitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa European mink kukhalabe kwanthawi yayitali. Kudera la Arkhangelsk, anthu amapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera lino, lomwe lili pafupi ndi malire akumpoto kwa mtunduwo ndi mitundu yotsika kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwa mink waku America kungakhale kowopsa kwambiri pakukhalapo kwake komweko.

Fur Mink Queen

Chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola komanso wamtengo wapatali, mink imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi "mfumukazi" yeniyeni pakati pa nyama za ubweya. Kukula kwasintha tsopano kwakhala nyama zapakhomo, zomwe sizisangalala ndi chithumwa chachilengedwe chokha, komanso mawonekedwe osangalatsa.

Njira zachitetezo

Onani European mink olembedwa mu IUCN Red Book, Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Udmurt Republic, Republic of Komi, Perm Territory, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Orenburg, Pskov, Sverdlovsk, Novgorod, Chelyabinsk ndi Tyumen Regions, Sakhalin Oblast. .

Kutetezedwa ndi lamulo m'maiko onse. Pafupifupi gawo la anthu limakhala m'malo otetezedwa, ku Russia - mkati mwa Central Forest Biosphere Reserve ku Tver Region.

Mu 2011, mapulogalamu otsatirawa adatetezedwa:

• Pulogalamu ya EEP Mink kuyambira 1992 - kuteteza matupi athu. Mu ukapolo muli anthu 250. Oyang'anira ndi Tallinn Zoo ndi Lutreola Foundation (Estonia).
• Spanish Genome Conservation Program kuyambira 2004.
• Kubwezeretsanso kuyesedwa ku Alava (Spain) kuyambira 2008.
• Pulogalamu yapadera yowunikira mink yaku America mozungulira komanso mkati mwa malo (Spain).
• Kubwezeretsa kwa Habitat ku Navarre (Spain).
• Dongosolo la boma la France pa kuteteza ndi kutulutsa majini kuyambira mu 2010 kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
• Dongosolo Losungirako la Genome ku Osnabruck (Germany).
• Mapulogalamu obwezeretsa ku Saarland ndi Lower Saxony (Germany).
• Kuwunikira pafupipafupi ku Danube Delta (Romania) kuyambira 2001.
• Kukhazikika kwa anthu pachilumba cha Hiumaa (Estonia) kuyambira 2000.

Adayambitsidwa kuzilumba za Kuril ridge: Kunashir (mu 1981-85, anthu 134) ndi Iturup (1986-1989, anthu 254), kuti apange gulu lokhala ndi anthu omwe sangagonjetsedwe ndi America mink. Malinga ndi IUCN (2014), mawu oyambitsawo sanaphule kanthu; anthu okhazikika pachilumbacho sanapeze.

Zojambula ndi malo a mink

Mink ndi nthumwi ya banja la maimelo, nyama zoyamwitsa. Nyamayo ndi yaying'ono kukula, mpaka 50 cm, kutalika mawonekedwe a thupi, yokulungidwa. Kutalika kwa mchira yaying'ono sikudutsa 15-18 cm, muzzle ndi wopapatiza, wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi osawoneka m'goli lakuda.

Maso amawoneka ngati mikanda yakuda, yamoyo komanso yowoneka bwino. Miyendo yake ndi yaifupi, yokutidwa ndi ubweya, zala zake zimakhala ndi ziwalo zotchulidwa, makamaka lonse pamiyendo yakumbuyo.

Mukuyenda mink, kugunda kumagwidwa. Kulemera kwa munthu kumachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 3 kg; amuna nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa zazikazi. Achibale apafupi kwambiri m'mabanja ofera ndi achisoni, otopetsa, abodza.

Chovala cha ubweya chokhala ndi ubweya waufupi wosalala, chofewa komanso chotetezeka kotero kuti, ndikakhala m'madzi nthawi yayitali, tsitsi la mink silinyowa. Kusintha kwa nyengo sikukhudza kapangidwe ka ubweya. Utoto umapambana monochromatic, kuchokera pamtundu wofiirira mpaka woderapo, pafupifupi wakuda. Pamimba, kamvekedwe kake ndi kovuta, ndipo pamiyendo ndi mchira - mitundu yowala kwambiri.

Pansi pa milomo pamakhala malo owala, nthawi zina amapezeka pachifuwa cha nyama kapena pamimba. Pakadali pano, ma mbewa osiyanasiyana a ubweya walembedwapo: buluu, zoyera, lilac, - pamitundu yopitilira 60 mitundu.

Nyama imasambira mwangwiro, chifukwa chake imasunga pafupi ndi matupi amadzi: kumitsinje, m'madzi, poyenda. Kodi mink ikuwoneka bwanji?Madzi amawonekera: chinyama kusokonekera kwachilendo, kusinthasintha kwa thupi, kufunikira, kuthamanga ndi chibadwa. Amasankha malo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamitengo yakugwa, misomali, kumayandama pamwamba ndi mizu yomata.

Kufotokozera kwamadontho a nyama m'chilengedwe, zimakhudza mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya nyama: European and American. Zamoyo zonse ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya ku America yomwe idaweta pamafamu achinyama idachokera ku Europe, ndiyokulira pang'ono kuposa momwe idaphunzirira kale nyama. Mtengo wa mbewa American kumtunda kwa ubweya wolimba.

Mitundu ya mitundu ya ku Europe ya mink imachokera ku Finland kupita kumapiri a Ural. Kummwera, malire a mbiri yakagawidwe akuwonetsedwa ndi mapiri a Caucasus ndi zigawo zakumpoto kwa Spain. Maonekedwe osowa a nyamayo akuwoneka ku France, zomwe zikuwonetsa kutsogolo kwake kumadzulo.

Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa ma mink kunachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa chosaka malonda chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola komanso wokongola. Chiwerengerochi chimangosungidwa m'malo okha, nyamayo imalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndikutetezedwa ndi malamulo m'maiko onse.

Mink - nyama Kuimba likhweru, ndikufotokozera zamitundu yambiri:

• kwambiri komanso posachedwa - kuwonetsera mkwiyo ndi mantha,
• modekha ndikungoyala - chisangalalo panthawi yakukonzekera,
• mwakachetechete komanso modekha - kulumikizana ndi ana.

Eni ake okhala ndi ma mink ovuta kumvetsetsa bwino chilankhulo chawo amayesetsa kulankhulana ngakhale ndi kudalirana. Nyama zili ndi mtima wofooka. Kuopa kumatha kuwononga nyamayo, ngakhale imadziwanso momwe ungadzitetezere.

Ma mbewa amatengedwa m'manja m'manja m'magolovesi apadera omwe amateteza manja awo kuti asalumphe. Pali chida china mu nyama: monga skunk yotchuka, imatha kupopera fungo lonunkhira lomwe limawopseza adani. Sungunulani monga chiweto Nthawi zambiri amayamba kutetezedwa.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Khalidwe la mink ndi lamoyo komanso lam'manja. Amakhala moyo wapadera. Zachilengedwe sizinapatse nyamayo mwayi wothamanga ndi kukwera mwachangu, koma imasambira bwino komanso kusambira. Mizere imayendayenda ndi ma tchire onse ndi ma jerks patsogolo. Ndimatha kuyenda pansi. Mantha okhawo omwe amachititsa kuti nyamayo ipite kunthambi kapena chitsamba.

Amakonda malo obisika, okhala opanda anthu, okhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamadzi oyera okhala ndi mabango, amasankha nyanja zamchere ndi mitsinje yaying'ono.

Imamanga zisa pamipanda yozungulira pomwe pali madzi kuti ibisike mozama pansi pa ngozi yoyamba. Zikuwoneka pambuyo pa 15-20 mita kuyang'ana mozungulira ndikugwira mpweya, kenako ndikubisalira zamasamba.

Ntchito imawonekera ndikusamba kwamdima, ngakhale nthawi zina zimasaka masana pamtunda kuchokera pa mahekitala 12 mpaka 25. Amasaka chakudya pamtunda, ndikugonjetsa pafupifupi theka la kilomita patsiku pamalo ake osaka.

Maulendo amabwerezedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, malo amalembedwa ndi mafungo. Ndi nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusunthanso katatu kuti muwone ngati chitsamba chotsalira.

Amayesa kuti asawonekere m'chipale chofewa, amasuntha pakati pamadzi komanso pansi pa madzi. Ma mbewa alibe hibernation yozizira, koma masiku achisanu nyamayi imatha kugona mgodi ndikugona kwakanthawi, kuyembekezera masiku ovuta.

Nyumba zopukutira ndi chipinda chokumbamo ndi zinyalala za udzu wawo wouma, nthenga ndi moss, maulendo awiri ophatikizika. Imodzi kuti itungire madzi, ina kumiyeso yamizere. Malo okhawo amasungidwa chimbudzi.

Mizere yakale ya makoswe am'madzi, muskrats, ming'alu yachilengedwe ndi ma indental imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikungokhala moyo. Nyama imapewa anthu, koma chidwi komanso kukondwerera masewera ndizolimba kuposa mantha. Chifukwa chake, nkhuku za nkhuku zimakonda kugwidwa ndi ma mbewa okalamba.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Monga momwe ziliri ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa, kugonana kwa amuna m'maganizo kumasonyezedwa m'mbali yoti amuna ndi akulu kuposa zazikazi. Kusiyana kwamtundu kapena kwina kulikonse, kupatula kukula, mawonekedwe akunja, pakati pa oimira akazi kapena amuna ndi ochepa ndipo mwina, zimatengera cholowa.

Habitat, malo okhala

M'mbuyomu, mink yaku Europe idakhala pamtunda waukulu kuchokera ku Finland kupita kumapiri a Ural. Kuchokera kum'mwera kunali malire ndi mapiri a Caucasus ndi Pyrenees kumpoto kwa Spain. Kumadzulo, mitundu ya mitunduyi idafikira ku France komanso kum'mawa kwa Spain. Koma chifukwa choti mink adasakidwa kuyambira nthawi zakale, zomwe zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira pazaka 150 zapitazi, ziwerengero zawo zachepa kwambiri, ndipo mndandanda, womwe unkatambasulidwa ndi mzere wokhazikika kuyambira kumadzulo kupita kummawa, wafika pachilumba chilichonse, komwe kudakali iziunyoni.

Pakadali pano, mink aku Europe amakhala kumpoto kwa Spain, kumadzulo kwa France, ku Romania, ku Ukraine ndi ku Russia. Komanso, m'gawo la dziko lathu anthu ambiri amakhala m'chigawo cha Vologda, Arkhangelsk ndi Tver. Koma ngakhale kumeneko, ma mink aku Europe sangathe kukhala otetezeka chifukwa choti mink yaku America imapezeka kwambiri m'malo omwe amakhala nawo - mdani wamkulu komanso wopikisana naye omwe amamukakamiza kuti atuluke m'chilengedwe chake.

European mink imakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje yamadzi, makamaka imakonda kusankha mitsinje yokhala ndi mabanki ofatsa, yokutidwa ndi maluwa oundana ndi ma herbaceous, ndi mitsinje yamnkhalango yopanda chisangalalo komanso zomera zambiri za m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga malo awo, pomwe sichikhazikika pamitsinje yayikulu komanso yayikulu. Koma imathanso kukhala mdera lopondera, pomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, maiwe, madambo, azimayi achikulire komanso m'madzi osefukira. Imapezeka kumapiri, komwe imakhala m'mitsinje yamapiri yothamanga ndi nkhalango.

Zakudya za mink ku Europe

Mink ndi nyama yolusa, ndipo ndi chakudya cha nyama chomwe chimachita gawo lalikulu mukudya kwawo. M'madzi, iye amagwira nsomba zochepa, yomwe ndi gawo lalikulu lazakudya za chilombocho. M'mphepete mwa nyanjayo, chimayala timiyala tating'ono, achule, njoka zazing'ono, ndipo, nthawi zina, mbalame. Samanyalanyaza cogiar ndi ma tadpoles, crayfish, mollusks wamadzi komanso ngakhale tizilombo. Maink okhala pafupi ndi midzi nthawi zina amatha kusaka nkhuku, ndipo nthawi yopanda chakudya nthawi yachisanu amatola zinyalala za chakudya pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.

Ndizosangalatsa! Nyengo yamvula isanayambe, nyama iyi imakonda kukonzera chakudya m'mudzimo kapena "pantries" zomwe zili ndi zida. Amakonda kubwezeretsa izi m'matangadza, nthawi zambiri zinthu sizimagwirizana ndi kukomoka kwa njala.

Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimakonda kudya nyama “ndi choko,” European mink imakonda kudya zakudya zatsopano. Nthawi zina amatha kumakhala ndi njala masiku angapo kale, osafunanso china, kuti ayambe kudya nyama yokalamba.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Nyengo yokutha ya ku Ulaya yolumikizira imatha kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka Epulo, pomwe kumenyanirana phokoso nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa amuna, motsatana ndi kufuula mokweza kwambiri kwa adani. Chifukwa choti nthawi yobzala imayamba ngakhale chisanu chisanasungunuke pachigawo chokulirapo, malo omwe mpikisano wa mink umachitika ndiwowonekera kwambiri chifukwa cha mayendedwe omwe amatchedwa opondaponda omwe anapondedwapo ndi akazi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Akakwatirana, amuna ndi akazi amachoka pagawo lawo ndipo ngati mayendedwe awo asiyananso mpaka mwambo wina, ndiye mwa mwayi.

Mimba imatenga masiku 40 mpaka 43 ndipo imatha ndikubadwa kwa ana anayi kapena asanu, ngakhale, kwenikweni, amatha kukhala awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri. Ana amabadwa opanda khungu komanso osathandiza, wamkazi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa masabata 10. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, timabwana tating'ono timayamba pang'ono pang'ono kusaka ndi amayi awo, ndipo pofika masabata 12 timadzilamulira.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti ma mink sakukhudzana ndi banja la canine, ndichikhalidwe kuti aziwatcha ana awo, komanso ana a ofanana ndi ena, agalu.

Mpaka nthawi yophukira, banjali limakhalira limodzi, pambuyo pake anawo amapita kukawafunafuna malo abwino. Kukhwima mu minks kumachitika pafupifupi miyezi 10.

Chitetezo cha Mink

Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Mink

Kuyambira nthawi zakale, mink akhala akugwira kwa alenje a ubweya wokongola, wofunda, komanso wokwera mtengo. Zotsatira zake, mitundu ya ku Europe yachepa kwambiri, komanso malo omwe amagawikiridwa padzikoli. Mpaka pano, akuletsa mwamphamvu kugwira nyama izi. Chifukwa cha izi, zinali zotheka kuyimitsa kufalikira kwakumapeto kwa ma mink, koma vutoli lidakali lofunika - kuchuluka kwa zinyama sikukula, koma kukuchepa.

Mitundu ya ku Europe ya mink yalembedwa mu Red Book kuyambira 1996. Amawaganizira kuti azitha kumadera a Republic ofashkortostan, Komi, ku Orenburg, Novgorod, Tyumen ndi madera ena ambiri a Russia.

Kusunga nyamazo, njira zotsatirazi zidatulutsidwa:

• Kuletsa kuwombera. Za ubweya, nyama izi tsopano zimaweta pamafamu apadera a ubweya,
• Kuswana kwa ukapolo kumatsatiridwa ndikumasulidwa kupita kumalo otetezedwa. Asayansi amayesa kuletsa kutha kwa nyama, kuzibereka mwapadera, kenako ndikuzimasulira kuthengo,
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiletso pakuwonongeka kwa zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musunge malo omwe nyamazo zimakhala ndi kubereka,
• Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana obala, mapulogalamu oteteza matupi athu ku Spain, Germany, France,
• Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa nyama m'malo awo achilengedwe, kukhazikika kwa anthu.

Mink - nyama yaying'ono, yanzeru komanso yosinthika yokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa chic furry. Ndiye chofunikira kwambiri pakusodza padziko lonse lapansi. M'malo achilengedwe, mtundu wa Europe wa mink umachepetsedwa, ndikusinthidwa ndi America, ubweya wake womwe ndi wamtengo wapatali komanso wapamwamba kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mayiko omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chokhala ndi ma mink akuyenera kuyesetsa kuti asunge nyama yamtengo wapatali kwambiri.