Gulu lapadziko lonse la akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja pakafukula ku Yakutia linapeza mabwinja a nyama zakale zomwe zinali zotupa. Zaka za mafupa ndizodabwitsa - zaka 550,000. Kupeza kumeneku kunakhudza asayansi chifukwa kungakhudze malingaliro ena opanga nyama padziko lapansi.
Kafukufukuyu akuonetsa kuti nyama zam'nyanja zam'madzi zimapezeka pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Mmbuyomu, mabwinja ofanana adapezeka ku China, koma ndi osiyana ndi a Yakut. Nyama zomwe Chinese zimakhalabe zamtundu wakale. Nyama za Yakut, zimakhalanso ndi mafupa ovuta, ofanana ndi oimira amakono a fauna. Zotsalira zotupa zomwe zimapezeka ku Yakutia zidadziwika kuti ndizakale kwambiri kuposa zonse zomwe zidapezeka.
Masiku ano, akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja akupitiliza kufufuza za malowa (dera la mitsinje ya Maya ndi Yudoma). M'tsogolomu, akufuna kupenda mwatsatanetsatane zidutswa zomwe matupi amapeza, pambuyo pake adzatha kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za eni mafupa akale.
Vuto lalikulu.
Posachedwa, asayansi omwe amaphunzira tizilombo tokhala mu permafrost ya Siberian anapeza zodabwitsa: pamtunda wa permafrost m'chigawo cha Mtsinje wa Kolyma - Russia, kachilombo kakakulu kamapezeka kuti kwakhala zaka zoposa 30,000.
Malinga ndi asayansi, ma virus ngati amenewa sakhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu ndi nyama, popeza amangopangika pa amoeba. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kupezeka kwa mtundu watsopano wa kachilombo mu thawing ya permafrost kumakulitsa mwayi wopatsa chidwi kuti mitundu yowopsa ya ma virus ikhoza kuwonekera chifukwa cha malo otentha kwambiri a permafrost.
Pali mwayi pang'ono kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amateteza anthu akale ali ndi mwayi uliwonse wobadwanso komanso kupatsira anthu amakono. Izi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kukhala ngati mabakiteriya wamba (othandizika ndi mankhwala a antibacterial), komanso ma bacteria omwe amalimbana ndi mankhwala, kuphatikiza ma virus oopsa. Zingachitike kuti mabakiteriya ndi mavairasiwa atha, ndiye ngati abadwa mwatsopano, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi sichikhala chofunikira kupirira.
Akavalo akale anali cholengedwa chakale kwambiri chomwe chimatipatsa DNA yakale kwambiri, yopangidwa mu mtundu wakale wa Adamu.
Mu 2003, ku Canada, ofufuza adapeza zotsalira za kavalo yemwe adakhalako nthawi kuyambira zaka 560,000 mpaka 780,000 zapitazo. Chifukwa cha zotsalira, asayansi adziwa mtundu wakale wa mahatchi.
DNA yakale kwambiri ikusonyeza kuti ma artiodactyl omwe adakhalapo nthawi imeneyo anali a banja limodzi, zomwe zidawapatsa mgwirizano wambiri ndi mbidzi, akavalo ndi abulu. Zotsatira zake, banjali lidakhala ndi kholo limodzi lokhalo lakale lomwe limakhala zaka pafupifupi 4 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo osati 2, monga kale.
Kupeza kumeneku kunayambitsa kulingaliranso kwakukulu kwa kalengedwe ka mahatchi, komanso mwayi wophunzirira DNA yama cell omwe ali ndi zaka zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zomwe adazindikira kale.
Nyama yakale kwambiri yotsala yomwe imapezeka ku Yakutia padziko lapansi
Kupeza kudzaphunziridwa ku England, China ndi Moscow.
Mchigawo cha Ust-May ku Yakutia, akatswiri a zamwala anazindikira koyamba nyama zotsala zamkati, zomwe zaka zake ndizoposa 550 miliyoni. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi kukankhira chiyambi cha chisinthiko pa Earth zaka zina 20 miliyoni zapitazo, adatero adotolo wa sayansi ya chilengedwe, pulofesa waku Moscow State University dzina lake a M.V. Lomonosov Andrey Zhuravlev.
"Ulendo waku Russia-Chinese-English wotsogozedwa ndi paleontologist Andrei Ivantsov wa ku Russian Academy of Sciences adapeza zida zakale zam'madzi zokhala ndi malamulo ovuta ku Yakutia pamtsinje wa Meyi ndi Yudom. Akuyerekeza zaka zoposa 550 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo izi ndizomwe zapezedwa zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, popeza zotsalira opezeka ku China ndi Namibia ndi a mtsogolo, ndipo ndizosavuta kupanga. Zamoyo zomwe zimapezeka ku Yakutia zili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri ndipo zimachedwetsa kuwonekera koyamba kwa nyama za mafupa padziko lapansi zaka 20 miliyoni zapitazo, " AZAL paleontologist TASS.
Malinga ndi iye, m'mbuyomu zidanenedwa kuti zida zoyambirira za mafupa zinali zosavuta, ndipo kupeza kwatsopano kumatilola kubwereza chiphunzitsochi. "Zinyama zoyambirira zinali zovuta kwambiri," adatsimikiza Zhuravlev.
Kupeza kudzaphunziridwa ku England, China ndi Moscow. "Asayansi adzafufuza zakunyanja zam'madzi kuti adziwe zomwe zasintha munyanja, kuwunika kwa mankhwala kudzachitika, kafukufuku wa acidity, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa oxygen," asayansi atero.
Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro a labotale a mafupa am'mimbamo a zinyama adzachitika. Zotsatira zomaliza zidzawonekera mchaka chimodzi.
Chilimwe chino, asayansi ochokera ku Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, atenga nawo mbali katswiri wazopeka wazaka zapamwamba, Andrei Ivantsov, apezanso zanyama zakale zopitilira 540 miliyoni pa mtsinje wa Buotama wa Khangalassky District of Yakutia.