POLLUTION WOSAKHALA - mtundu wa kuwonongeka kwakuthupi kodziwika ndi kuchulukirapo kwa chilengedwe chakumaso kwa phokoso. Ndizodziwika kwambiri m'mizinda, malo okhala ndi ma aerodromes, malo opangira ma fakiteriya, zimakhudza anthu, nyama komanso mbewu ... ...
Mlengalenga - Onani. EdwART Ndondomeko ya Zadzidzidzi, 2010 ... Kamutu ka Zadzidzidzi
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kuwononga phokoso - Zomveka zowonjezera zachilengedwe, zimamupangitsa munthu kukhala ndi zomverera zosasangalatsa kapenanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamva ... Dictionary of geography
kuwononga phokoso - 6.11 Kuwonongeka kwa phokoso: Ma fomu akuthupi, monga lamulo, kuwonongeka kwa anthropogenic, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chowonjezeka kwambiri komanso phokoso pafupipafupi pamlingo wachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azitopa kwambiri, kuchepetsedwa kwawo ... ... Mawu ndi luso
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Momwe maganizidwe onyansa apokoso asinthira
- Ngati mukukumbukira zomwe mizinda ya Middle Ages imawonetsa mu chikhalidwe chamakono cha pop, ndizokayikitsa kuti chilankhulo chathu chitha kutcha kuti oyera. M'misewu yamadziwetsi, palibe njira zotchingira, anthu alibe chikhalidwe chotolera zinyalala chomwe chiripo masiku ano. Koma nthawi yomweyo, palibe amene adanenapo kuti m'mizinda yakale panali mtundu wina wapadera wa uve - iyi sinali nkhani yofulumira.
Nanga vuto ndi chiyani? Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuipitsa ndi lingaliro lomwe limakhala ndi zophatikiza zamphamvu kwambiri. Ndipo tidzaitcha kuti kuipitsa zinthu kukhala komweko pakakhala zinyalala zochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti zimakhudza dziko lonse lapansi.
Potengera phokoso, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mawonekedwe enieni a thupili ndiwakuti ndi apaderadera. Ndimapanga mawu, ndipo ndimatha kumva pano. Ndipo kupitilira patali, kumveka kulibenso. Izi zikusonyeza kuti phokosoli lakhala kwambiri kotero limaperekanso zina zowonjezera.
Galimoto idadutsa, kutopa kudachitika, injini idamveka ikugwira ntchito, idapita - koma ngakhale zomwe zidali zaphokoso panthawiyo sizinayang'anire. Izi zimakhalabe mtundu wosinthika, wosasinthika, womwe ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lino.
Ndizomveka kunena za kuwonongeka kwa phokoso kuyambira koyambirira kwa kutukuka kwam'mizinda, kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 18, pamene mafakitale akupanga mwachangu m'mizinda yayikulu. Anthu akusuntha kuchokera m'mudzimo - mzindawo umafunikira anthu ogwira ntchito, ndipo anthu amafunikira ntchito.
Ambiri mwa anthu ogwira nawo ntchito amakhala m'magawo oyandikana ndi malo opangira mafakitole. Mwa miyambo yamakono, ndi ochezeka kwambiri zachilengedwe: amapanga mitundu yambiri yotulutsa, kuphatikizapo phokoso. Izi zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku utsi womwe ukutsika pamapaipi, womwe umamveka kuchokera ku zida zamakina zomwe zimamveka zingapo.
Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti ofufuza achilendo, kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka 30s m'zaka za zana la 20, palibe amene anali ndi chidwi ndi vuto laphokoso kuchokera pamalamulo. Lero tikumvetsa kuti zinthu zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri.
Ntchito za Engels pamalo omwe ogwira ntchito ku England amafotokoza zovuta kwambiri pamoyo ndi ntchito za anthu. Kenako anthu omwe adazunguliridwa m'zipinda zazing'ono, adawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono phokoso lalikulu masana ndikugwira ntchito. Chifukwa mafakitale adagwira ntchito osayima. Mukukhala mamita asanu kuchokera pamakina ogwirira ntchito, akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito, chifukwa munthu wina adalowa phazi. Koma palibe amene analankhula izi. Sizinanachitike kwa aliyense kuganizira za malamulo kuti athetse izi. Kukambiranako kunayamba mu 30s ndi 40s.
Chifukwa chiyani nthawi ino, osati kale? Magalimoto adawonekera. Ngakhale a Henry Ford komanso demokalase yotsatsa malonda a magalimoto, kwa nthawi yayitali anali oyang'anira olemera. Mafakitole anali ndi nyumba za anthu ogwira ntchito, ndipo anthu omwe anali ndi mafakitoli ankakhala m'malo abwino, opanda phokoso.
Magalimoto atayamba kuwonekera m'ma 30- 40s - phokoso, makamaka mikhalidwe yamasiku ano - kwa anthu izi zidasanduka vuto. Zinthu zawoneka mumzinda zomwe zitha kukhala zosasangalatsa. Pamenepo, kukambirana komweku kunayamba: zingathetsedwe bwanji, phokoso ndi chiyani osati phokoso. Koma asanafike kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo, zaka makumi angapo ziyenera kuti zidapita.
Momwe phokoso limakhudzira thanzi
Mwanjira yabwino, madera onse ayenera kukhala ndi mamapu a phokoso. Zoyambira zazikulu za phokoso zimasonyezedwa kumeneko: mabwalo a ndege, ma eyapoti, mabungwe opanga ndi misewu yayikulu. Ngati mungayerekezere za mzindawu, zachuma komanso malo wamba, ndiye kuti inunso mujambulira mapuwa.
Phokoso ndi lingaliro labwinoko kapena locheperako; pali manambala enaake. Pazinyumba zogona ndi madera oyandikana ndi malo okhalamo, 55 dB ndiye chizolowezi masana, 45 dB usiku. M'm zipatala - 40 dB ndi 30 dB, motsatana. Mutha kulingalira kuti usiku kuchipatala sipayenera kukhala mulingo wolankhula wamba. Kuyang'ana izi, timazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti awa ndi manambala owuma kwambiri.
Woyimitsa moto woyaka moto pa chisangalalo chanu kapena tsiku laukwati silingafanane ndi moto woyipitsidwa ndi woyandikana nanu pafupi Tsiku la Airborne. Phokoso ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri kuposa chomwe chitha kuwerengedwa ndikuti: izi ndizomveka, koma izi ndiye phokoso. Zomwe sizili phokoso kuchokera pakuwona dongosolo lamalamulo sizimakhala zaphokoso nthawi zonse kwa ife.
Kodi zikhalidwe zaukhondozi zimachokera kuti? Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani ali ofunika kwambiri kwa ife? Malinga ndi WHO, phokoso ndiye chinthu chachiwiri pambuyo poipitsidwa ndi mpweya, lomwe limakhudza kwambiri thupi la munthu. Malinga ndi zaumoyo, kuyika phokoso pafupipafupi kumatha kukhala koopsa. Chosavuta kwambiri chomwe chingachitike ndikuwonongeka kwamakutu.
Nkhani yotsatira yosasangalatsa ndi matenda amanjenje. Chovuta chofananira cha kukhala mumzinda waukulu ndimakutu osatha, omwe sitimakhala nthawi zonse tikugwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa phokoso. Ndipo mpaka kukhumudwa ndi neurosis - kwambiri zovuta zamankhwala. Komanso, pakhoza kukhalanso kuzengereza ngati boma lilibe kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira.
Mwachitsanzo, mumagwira ntchito mu ofesi yamaphokoso, kutopa kwambiri, kutenga tchuthi lalitali (miyezi iwiri kapena itatu), kupita kumidzi, osachita chilichonse - ndipo kukhumudwa kumayamba. Mwachibadwa, aliyense amati: “Mukuvutika maganizo chifukwa simupanga chilichonse - pitani ku ofesi. Mukupusitsidwa. Zotheka kuti mapatawo ndi osiyana pang'ono.
Ana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, popeza ali ndi vuto la mitsempha lomwe limakulitsidwa ndi kuwonekera kwa phokoso ndipo angayambitse kuchepa kwakuthupi ndi luntha.
Kodi kusadziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga ndikuti kumawopseza bwanji anthu
Chikhalidwe chathu ndi chowoneka: maso athu kwa ife ndiye gawo lalikulu lazidziwitso. Timadalira maso, koma osati makutu. Kuti mutsimikizire za sayansiyi, muyenera kupanga chithunzi, kuwona, kuyika pamapu - pokhapokha pokhapokha tidzaona china chake molondola. Izi sizongowerengera chabe - izi ndi chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe chomwe takhala zaka zoposa zana.
Tipitilizabe kumanga mizinda, ndikupitiliza kupanga malo okhala kumatauni momwe timakhalira modalira kwambiri m'maso athu - ndikofunikira kwa ife momwe zinthu zonse zimawonekera kuti ndizokongola, zogwirizana, molingana ndi malamulo a kuchuluka, oyenera mtundu, ngakhale kuwoneka okongola kuchokera kumwamba. Chifukwa chake, malo okhala m'tauni adawonekera ndikuwonekera patapita nthawi. Ndipo chidwi chochepa chinaperekedwa kuti mudzi uzikhala bwanji.
Kupanga kwa nthawi yayitali kunali kokha ndi njira zopangira - mapepala ndi pensulo. Panalibe zida zopangira malo abwino. Chifukwa chake, kumveka kwa malo kumatha kupezeka pokhapokha chifukwa chogwira ntchito. Adamanga nyumbayo - ndipo zitatha izi adazindikira kuti pali mtundu wina wamalingaliro, apa tidamva zomwe zinkachitika mchipinda chotsatira. Zonsezi ndi zotsatira zopanda pake, zomwe palibe amene akadaziyerekeza kale.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chakuyimira Raymond Murray Scheifer chipezeke panthawi ya zaka 60-70. Adalemba nyimbo yotchuka ndipo adapanga vuto la kusaphunzira.
Schaefer akuti aliyense wokhala padzikoli sadziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Kuphatikiza akatswiri omwe amapanga mizindayi ndikukhalamo ndi phokoso ndi mawu. Schaefer adalinganiza pulogalamu yokhazikitsa mapangidwe opanga kuwerenga ndi kuphunzitsa m'badwo wa akatswiri omwe adzasintha dziko kukhala labwino.
Momwe mungathane ndi kuthana ndi phokoso
[Ndi phokoso lakumaloko] Aliyense akhoza kuchita zina. Mwachitsanzo, kusiya galimoto ndikugulitsa kupita pagalimoto, kukakamiza mnzanu kuti achite zinthu mosiyana. Sitingathe kumanganso misewu yathuyathu ndi manja athu, sitingathe kuyendanso ma eyapoti, koma pali gawo lotsika lomwe tonse timatengapo gawo popanga nyimbo.
Mphamvu ya phokoso pa thupi la munthu ndi nkhani yayikulu ya malamulo komanso yaukhondo. Koma aliyense akhoza kumvetsetsa zomwe muli. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kutsitsa mafayilo ofunikira phokoso - simuyenera kuyimbira malo oyesa ndi ophera matenda a izi - ndikumvetsetsa dongosolo la manambala omwe amakuzungulirani tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nkhani yachiwiri ndiyosakhwima - chifukwa siyokhudza kuchuluka, ikukhudzana ndi ubale wa anthu, momwe amaonera mzinda, momwe amagwirira ntchito wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa apa kuti ndani akulondola, ndani anganene, chabwino, kapena choyipa - mzere wosakhazikika umadutsa kuti. Koma poganizira izi, mumvetsetsa momwe mungathandizire pakukonzanso malo abwino.
Mlengalenga
Kuwonongeka kwa phokoso kwatengera vuto la chilengedwe cha megacities. Asayansi amaziyesa ngati imodzi mwazinthu zoyipa chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa phokoso, infrasound ndi ma ultrasound pa anthu masana.
Nthawi yonse yakukhalapo, anthu amakhala mozungulira phokoso, koma mawu abwinobwino achilengedwe sangatchulidwe chinthu chosasangalatsa. M'malo mwake, amathandizanso kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Popita nthawi, kufulumira kwa kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kwadzetsa chiwonetsero cha kuwonongeka kwa phokoso, zoipa kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu.
Phokoso lidakhala bwanji vuto
"Phokosoli lakhala lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti limapanga zomwe zikuwoneka padziko lonse lapansi. Kumveka ndi chinthu chakumaloko: galimoto idadutsa, kutuluka kudachitika, tamva injini ikuyenda, idachoka. Koma pali nthawi yayitali kwambiri yaphokoso kotero kuti sizingatheke kuzindikira. Izi zikungokhala ngati zachitika pafupipafupi, zina zosasintha, zomwe ndi gawo lachigawochi, "atero Ksenia Mayorova.
Kuwonongeka kwa phokoso kunayambika nthawi yamatawuni kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX - mafakitale anali kupanga mwachangu, ndipo anthu anasamuka m'midzi kupita kumizinda kuti alandire ndalama. Ogwira ntchito amakhala kumadera okhala pafupi ndi malo opangira mafakitole, komwe kumakhala phokoso mosalekeza kuchokera ku zida zamakina ndi mpweya kuchokera kumlengalenga. Fryrich Engels m'buku lake "The Situation of Working Class in England" adafotokoza zaka za 1940: anthu ambiri amakhala m'zipinda zazing'ono ndipo amakhala phokoso nthawi ndi nthawi ataweruka.
"Chomera chimagwira mosadukiza: kusuntha kumatha, mumakhala mamita asanu kuchokera pamakina ogwirira ntchito, munthu wina watenga gawo posintha. Koma sizinachitike kwa munthu aliyense kukhazikitsa malamulo kuti azitsogolera izi, akugogomezera Mayorova. "Palibe zidadziwika kwa aliyense kuti vutoli lidalibe vuto lililonse." Kukambirana kwa kayendetsedwe ka phokoso kunayambika kokha m'zaka za 30 mpaka 40 za XX - atatha kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto. Pambuyo pazaka makumi angapo, kukhazikitsa dongosolo lamalamulo kunayamba.
Tsopano malo onse ayenera kukhala ndi mapu a phokoso, pomwe magwero akulu amawu amasonyezedwa, monga lamulo, awa ndi mabwalo a ndege, ma eyapoti, mabungwe azogulitsa ndi misewu yayikulu. Malinga ndi a Mayorova, pali zikalata pafupifupi 300 pankhani yakhazikitsidwe phokoso m'malo opanga malamulo ku Russia. Mu gawo lokonzekera kukonzekera mtawuni, phokoso limafotokozeredwa ngati phokoso losasangalatsa kapena loyipa lomwe limapangidwa chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.
Mutha kudandaula za phokoso ku Rospotrebnadzor: akatswiri a m'madipatimenti amatha kupita kunja ndikukatenga miyezo. M'nyumba ndi madera oyandikana ndi malo okhala, phokoso sayenera kupitirira ma decibel 55 masana ndi ma decibel 45 madzulo. Kwa zipatala, awa ndi 40 ndi 30 decibel, motsatana. Wonong'oneza munthu ndi ma decibel 25, kuyankhula wamba ndi ma decibel 40, kulira kwambiri kwa mwana kapena kulira kwa akulu ndi 80.
Zoyambitsa
Chaka chilichonse pamakhala zinthu zambiri zoipitsa phokoso. Pakadali pano akuphatikizapo:
- magalimoto, ndege ndi njanji,
- kupanga mafakitale
- zomanga, kukonza,
- kulemba
- agalu olira
- mpweya kudya,
- ma compressor.
Phokoso limabuka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. M'malo okhala ndi mizinda yayikulu, mulingo wake umatha kukhala wokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chosakhazikika pamadongosolo amzindawu (komwe kuli ndege, fakitale, fakitale pafupi ndi nyumba zogona).
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa ndizowononga phokoso kuchokera kumagalimoto (magalimoto, sitima, ndege). Zimakhala ndi vuto lililonse kwa munthu nthawi yonseyo, izi zimamvekedwa makamaka usiku, pamene thupi lifunika kupuma.
Chifukwa cha zotukuka zamakono, phokoso limatha kuchitika mwachindunji m'nyumba. Zifukwa zake ndi zida zapakhomo (firiji, TV, makina ochapira, wailesi, zida zamakompyuta komanso zoseweretsa zamagetsi zamagetsi).
Phokoso komanso thanzi
Malinga ndi akatswiri a World Health Organisation, kuwonongeka kwa phokoso ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoopsa zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la munthu. Kumuwonetsa phokoso pafupipafupi kumatha kuwapangitsa kuti azimva kumva komanso matenda amanjenje. "Chizindikiro chopweteketsa mtima kwambiri mumzinda waukulu ndi kupwetekedwa mutu kosatha, komwe sitimatha nthawi zonse kuyanjana ndi kuwonongeka kwa phokoso.Ndipo mpaka kukhumudwa, matenda amitsempha, matenda oopsa, "atero Mayorova. Malinga ndi iye, pakhoza kukhala kuchepetsedwa chifukwa chowonetsa phokoso: atagwira ntchito yayitali muofesi yayikulu, munthu amatha kukhala wopanda nkhawa patchuthi atangokhala chete.
Katswiriyo akuti anthu okhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu nthawi zambiri amadzilimbitsa - amatulutsa nyimbo ndi mawu mokweza, kuyesera "kufuula" pansewu kapena nyimbo zina zosasangalatsa. "Komabe, phokoso ndi chovuta kudziwa: simungathe kuwerengetsa ndi kunena komwe phokoso ndi kuti phokoso. Zomwe sizili phokoso pakapangidwe kazachilengedwe sizikhala zaphokoso nthawi zonse kwa ife. Woyimitsa moto pa chikondwerero chanu kapena patsiku laukwati silingafanane ndi moto woyipitsidwa ndi woyandikana nanu nthawi ya Airborne Forces, "katswiriyu akufotokozera.
Ana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu - ngati mwana ayamba kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa phokoso, zimatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwakula kwakuthupi komanso waluntha, kuchepetsa luso la kuphunzira komanso kuchepetsa chidwi.
"Awa ndimavuto akulu azaumoyo omwe amathanso kukhala okhudzana ndi chinthu chowoneka ngati chosaopsa komanso chachedwa ngati phokoso mumsewu. Zonse sizili bwino monga tikufuna, ”akutero Ksenia Mayorova.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phokoso
Pali gulu la magulu omveka bwino. Akatswiri azindikira mitundu ingapo ya kuipitsa phokoso, kutengera zinthu.
Kukula kwa magwero ndi magawidwe:
- Phokoso lazomangidwe - zimawonekera chifukwa cha mayendedwe oscillatory mogwirizana ndi china chake,
- mpweya - imawuka pazifukwa zomwezo, koma gwero lawo silimalumikizana ndi chilichonse, mkokomo umapita mumlengalenga (mwachitsanzo, alamu yamagalimoto).
Maonekedwe a phokoso:
- zamakina
- aerodynamic (injini za rocket, compressors),
- hydrodynamic (mayendedwe amadzi),
- electromagnetic (ntchito yamagetsi zamagetsi).
Mitundu ingapo yamavuto amphokoso imatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi (ntchito yomanga pafupi ndi msewu, kuphatikizika kwa njira zingapo). Zosankha zilizonse zaphokoso zitha kubweretsa mavuto m'malingaliro ndi thanzi.
Kuteteza kwamiyala
Poyesera kuthana ndi vuto la kuipitsa kaphokoso, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mafoni am'mutu - amadzipangira okha phokoso. Mayorova akuti njira zodzitetezera zimadziyendera: munthu akakhala ndi phokoso, samvera chidwi kwenikweni. "Munthu akapita kumalo osungira nyimbo zabwino, amazolowera. Amayeserera kuti ziyenera kukhala choncho, chifukwa ali ndi njira yodzitetezera, kusintha, ”akutero katswiriyo.
Amanenanso kuti anthu amapanga tawuni yakutali pozindikira. Chifukwa maso ndiye gwero lalikulu lazidziwitso. "Takhala tikusamalilidwa kwambiri momwe mzinda ungamveke. Anatha kudziwa za phokoso la malo okha chifukwa choti awagwiritsa ntchito, ”akutero. Wolemba nkhani ku Canada, a Raymond Murray Schaefer, adatchulapo izi kuti ndiosawerengera ndipo adati opanga aphunzitsidwe kuti azisamala ndi phokoso la malo.
Ksenia Mayorova akutchula zavuto "lofooka pang'ono komanso losamvetsetseka pang'ono" - maubale a anthu. Anthu atha kukopa phokoso lakomweko: osalankhula mokweza pafoni m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, kukana galimoto m'malo mokomera anthu, kukhazikitsa bata ndi oyandikana nawo.
"Sitingathe kumanganso misewu yayikulu patokha, kusinthanso ma eyapoti. Pali phokoso laphokoso la maudzu: tonse timachita kupanga mawu tikamayenda, tikamalankhula. Titha kuthandizira izi. Ndi funso loti muganizire - ndimawu ati omwe mumakhala ndi zomwe iwe, wokhala nzika, ungachite kuti zinthu zikumveke bwino, "akutero katswiriyo.
Tsiku lililonse timalemba za zinthu zofunika kwambiri mdziko lathu. Tili otsimikiza kuti amatha kugonjera pokhapokha polankhula zazomwe zikuchitika. Chifukwa chake, timatumiza makalata paulendo wa bizinesi, kufalitsa malipoti ndi zoyankhulana, nkhani za zithunzi ndi malingaliro a akatswiri. Tisonkhanitsa ndalama zambiri - ndipo sititenga nawo chidwi chilichonse pantchito yathu.
Koma "zinthu zotere" zimakhalapo zokha chifukwa cha zopereka. Ndipo tikukupemphani kuti mupange ndalama zothandizira pamwezi. Thandizo lililonse, makamaka ngati lili la nthawi zonse, limatithandiza kugwira ntchito. Makumi asanu, zana, ma ruble mazana asanu ndi mwayi wathu kukonzekera ntchito.
Chonde lembetsani zopereka zilizonse mokomera ife. Zikomo.
Mauthenga atumizidwa ku bokosi lanu labokosi lomwe lili ndi ulalo wotsimikizira adilesi yoyenera. Chonde tsatirani ulalo kuti umalize kulembetsa.
Ngati uthengawo sunafike mphindi 15, yang'anani foda ya Spam. Ngati kalatayo idagwa mwadzidzidzi mufoda iyi, tsegulani kalatayo, dinani batani la "Osapopera" ndikudina ulalo wotsimikizira. Ngati uthengawo mulibe foda ya Spam, yesaninso kulembetsa. Muyenera kuti munalakwitsa mukalowa adilesi.
Ufulu wapadera pazithunzi ndi zinthu zina ndi za olemba. Kukhazikitsidwa kwazinthu zilizonse pazinthu zachitatu ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi eni malawi.
Mwa mafunso onse, kulumikizana [email protected]
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(Mphindi 1: 01.20.2020)
- Mtengo wazoperekedwa pagulu
- Zopatsa zenizeni pagulu ("Pereka") ndi lingaliro la Fund of Fund for Thandizo kwa Anthu Osatetezeka "Akufuna Thandizo" ("Ndalama"), tsatanetsatane wa zomwe zikufotokozedwa mu Gawo 6 la Zoperekazo, mwa munthu wa Director Aleshkovsky Dmitry Petrovich, akuchita izi pamunsi pa Charter, kuti mumalize ndi munthu aliyense yemwe angayankhe ku Offer ("Wopatsa"), mgwirizano wopereka ("Mgwirizano",, pansi pa zofunikira zoperekedwa ndi Offer.
- Izi ndi zoperekedwa pagulu malinga ndi gawo 2 la Article 437 la Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
- Malangizowa adzayamba kugwira ntchito tsiku lotsatira lomwe lakhazikitsidwa patsamba la Fund pa intaneti pa nuzhnapomosh.ru.
- Malondawa ndiwothandiza mpaka kalekale. Fund ili ndi ufulu kuletsa Zoperekazo nthawi iliyonse popanda kufotokoza.
- Wopereka akhoza kusinthidwa ndikuwonjezera, omwe azidzagwira ntchito tsiku lotsatira tsiku lawo lolemba pa Webusayiti ya Fund.
- Kuvomerezeka kwa vuto limodzi kapena zingapo za Offer sikutanthauza kuvomerezeka kwazinthu zina zonse za Offer.
- Malo omwe adaperekawo amadziwika kuti ndi mzinda wa Moscow, Russian Federation.
- Mfundo zofunika mu Panganoli
- Pansi pa mgwirizano uwu, Donor amasamutsa ndalama zake ngati zopereka mwaufulu m'njira zilizonse zomwe zalongosoledwa mundime 3.2, ndipo Thumba limavomereza zoperekazo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi zolinga zaundalama.
- Kusamutsa ndalama ku Thumba pansi pa Offer iyi ndi ndalama malinga ndi Article 582 ya Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Chowonadi chakuti choperekacho chinaperekedwa chimatsimikizira kuti woperekayo wavomereza zofunikira zake.
- Tilandira zopereka ku bungwe lomwe likugwira nawo ntchito kapena pulogalamu yachifundo ya Need Aid.ru, Fund yatumiza zopereka 100% ku bungweli. Thumba sililetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zalandilidwa.
- Cholinga cha zoperekazo: zopereka zachifundo zimasinthidwa kuti zikwaniritse ntchito zovomerezeka za thumba.
- Njira yomaliza mgwirizano
- Mgwirizanowu umamalizidwa povomera Zoperekedwa ndi Donor.
- Zoperekazo zitha kuvomerezedwa ndi Woperekayo posamutsa ndalama mwa njira iliyonse yolipira yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pamasamba, monga:
- posamutsa ndalama zochokera kwa Wopereka kuti athandizire Ndalama ndikuyitanitsa kulipira pazofotokozedwa mundime 6 ya Zoperekazo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti "zopereka zachitidwe mwalamulo" kapena "zopereka kuti akwaniritse dongosolo la Charity Program" Akufunika Thandizo .., "mzere:" cholinga cha kulipiritsa ",
- kugwiritsa ntchito malo olipirira, makadi apulasitiki, njira zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi njira zina ndi makina operekedwa pamawebusayitiwo https://nuzhnapomosh.ru/, https://takiedela.ru/, https://sluchaem.ru/, https: // tochno.st/ - kulola wopereka kusamutsa ndalama ku Thumba,
- poika ndalama (zolemba mabanki kapena ndalama) m'mabokosi (mabokosi) kuti zisonkhanitse zopereka zokhazikitsidwa ndi Fund kapena gulu lachitatu m'malo mwa anthu ndi m'malo ena.
- Kuchita kwa Wopereka kwa zilizonse zomwe zanenedwa mundime 3.2 ya Offer kumawoneka ngati kuvomereza kwa choperekachi malinga ndi gawo 3 la Article 438 ya Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
- Tsiku lolandila Offer ndipo, pomwepo, tsiku lomaliza la Mgwirizanowu ndi tsiku lolandila ndalama kuchokera kwa Donor kupita ku account ya Fund, ndipo ngati mukufuna kupanga ndalama kudzera m'mabokosi (mabokosi), tsiku lochotsa ndalama m'bokosi (bokosi) ndi oyimilira a Fund kuti azisonkhanitsa zopereka .
- Wopereka sakhala ndi malire kuti agwiritse ntchito chopereka mwaufulu ndi Fund.
- Ufulu ndi zokakamiza zipani
- Thumba limakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe donor idalandira pansi pa mgwirizano uno molingana ndi malamulo apano a Russian Federation komanso mogwirizana ndi malamulo azantchito ndi mapulogalamu othandiza "Mukufunika Thandizo. Ru" ndi "Kuti Mukhale Olondola".
- Woperekayo ali ndi ufulu, mwakufuna kwake, kusankha chinthu chothandizira, chosonyeza Cholinga choyenera chilipiro posamutsa. Mndandanda wazidziwitso zatsopano za maziko ndi maziko omwe akutenga nawo gawo pa pulogalamu ya a Aid Help.ru imalembedwa pa tsamba lawebusayiti, muma social network ndi media. Ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera kwa Wopereka ngati zopereka zomwe sizinagwiritse ntchito ndi Thumba mokwanira kapena mbali yake chifukwa chotseka zomwe zimafunikira malinga ndi cholinga chopereka sizibwezeretsedwanso, koma zimapatsidwanso ndalama ndi Fund mosadalira zolinga zina.
- Pakalandira zopereka zopanda akaunti ku akaunti yomwe yasungidwa pano ndi zofunikirazi, Fund imalongosola momasuka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, kuyambira pazinthu zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi Fund Council, zomwe ndi gawo limodzi la zochitika za Fundi kapena kuwatsogolera kuzowonongera ndalama za Fundi malinga ndi malamulo a Federal Law No. 135 a 08/11/1995 . "Pa mabungwe achifundo ndi owathandiza").
- Woperekayo ali ndi ufulu kulandira chidziwitso pakugwiritsa ntchito choperekacho. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ufuluwu, Fund imayika webusayiti:
- Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zopereka zomwe Thumba limalandira, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zopereka zomwe zalandira kuti zithandizike ku Fund pa ntchito iliyonse,
- Nenani za momwe ndalama zaperekedwera zomwe zaperekedwa, kuphatikiza Ndalama kuti zithandizire ntchito iliyonse,
- Fotokozani za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zopereka ngati pakufunika kusintha pa zoperekazo. Wopereka yemwe sakugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa cholinga chachuma ali ndi ufulu wolamula kuti abwezeretse ndalama polemba mkati mwa masiku 14 kalendala pambuyo pofalitsa nkhaniyi.
- Ndalama sizikhala ndi maudindo ena kwa omwe amapereka, kupatula zomwe zili mu mgwirizano uno.
- Zina
- Kuchita zomwe adaperekedwa ndi Wopereka, Wopereka akutsimikizira kuti akudziwa momwe zinthu ziliri komanso zoperekedwa ndi Offer iyi, zolinga za Fund ndi Malingaliro pa pulogalamu yachifundo "Mukufuna Thandizo.ru" komanso "Kukhala Olondola", amamvetsetsa zomwe akuchita, ali ndi ufulu kwa iwo tumizani ndikuvomera kwathunthu zoperekedwa ndi Izi
- Izi Zoperekedwa zimayendetsedwa ndi ndipo zimawonekera malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation.
- Zambiri
Ndalama Zachithandizo Zothandizila Nzika Zosatetezeka "Akufuna Thandizo"
Adilesi: 119270, Moscow, Luzhnetskaya embertment, 2/4, p. 16, chipinda 405
TIN: 9710001171
Gearbox: 770401001
PSRN: 1157700014053
Nambala ya Akaunti ya Payee: 40703810238000002575
Nambala yofananira akaunti ya banki ya payee: 30101810400000000225
Dera la bank opindulitsa: PJSC SBERBANK OF RUSSIA Moscow
BIC: 044525225Mwa kulembetsa patsamba la Charity Fund "Mukufunika Thandizo", lomwe lili ndi zigawo "Journal" (takiedela.ru), "Fund" (nuzhnapomosh.ru), "Zochitika" (sluchaem.ru), "Kuti zikhale zolondola" (tochno .st), ("Webusayiti") ndi / kapena kuvomereza zomwe anthu amapereka patsamba lino, mukuvomera ku Fund Yothandizila Anthu Okhala Osatetezeka "Akufuna Thandizo" ("Fund") kuti musanthule zambiri: dzina, dzina, patronymic, nambala yafoni, imelo adilesi, tsiku kapena malo obadwira, zithunzi, kulumikizidwa ndi tsamba lanu, maakaunti m'mawebusayiti, ndi zina zotere ("Zomwe Mumayang'ana Pakokha") pazinthu zotsatirazi.
Zambiri pazokha zimakonzedwa ndi Fund kuti cholinga chanu chikwaniritsidwe pakati panu ndi Fund, kuti mutumizire ntchito maimelo, mauthenga a SMS. Kuphatikiza (koma osaperewera) Fund ikhoza kukutumizirani zidziwitso za zopereka, nkhani ndi malipoti a ntchito ya Fund. Komanso, data ya inu ndiokha ikhoza kukonzedwa ncholinga chogwiritsira ntchito Akaunti Yoyenera ya Wogwiritsa Ntchito patsamba ili pa my.nuzhnapomosh.ru.
Zambiri pazokha zidzakonzedwa ndi Fund posungira zambiri zaumwini, kujambula, kusanja, kudziunjikira, kusungira, kusinthitsa (kusinthitsa, kusintha), kuchotsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, kufufutira ndi kuwononga (onse pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito).
Kusamutsa kwa Dongosolo laumwini ku mbali yachitatu zitha kuchitidwa pokhapokha pazifukwa zoperekedwa ndi malamulo a Russian Federation.
Zomwe mungasankhe nokha zidzasinthidwa ndi Fund mpaka cholinga chokwanilidwa pamwambapa chikwaniritsidwe, ndipo pambuyo pake sichidzadziwika kapena kuwonongedwa, malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation.
Kodi kuipitsa phokoso ndi chiyani?
Polankhula za phokoso, amatanthauza mawu okweza, osasinthika, osasangalatsa. Poyipitsa phokoso, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi hum yopangidwa ndiukadaulo mwaukadaulo. Amakhulupirira kuti phokoso lachilengedwe limakhudzanso zakumaso. Koma lingaliro ili silolondola, popeza zolengedwa zimasinthana ndi mawu a chilengedwe.
Chikhalidwe cha m'tauni ndi phokoso. Phokoso lambiri lama voliyumu yosiyanasiyana, mwamphamvu, pafupipafupi, modzaza mumsewu, mu nyumba, muofesi. Kunja kwa nyumbazi, anthu ndi nyama amakumana ndi magalimoto osiyanasiyana, zomwe ndi zochitika mumzinda. Phokoso laukadaulo limatsagana ndi munthu m'chipinda.
Pali mitundu itatu ya phokoso:
- Zosagwirizana, zopitilira.
- Zofanana kapena mosalekeza.
- Khazikika, pompopompo.
Poyang'ana koyamba, phokoso ndilosayenera kufananizira ndi kuipitsa, popeza momwe mphamvu zake sizionekera poyamba. Koma zotsatira zamayimbidwe (mitundu iwiri yoyambayo), yopitilira zikhalidwe zovomerezeka, imavulaza thanzi laumunthu ndi chilengedwe chonse.
Phokoso lazachilengedwe limakhala lalikulu. Nyama, mbalame, kupewa kukwiyitsa, zimasiya malo okhala. Zamoyo zidataya miyambo yake yachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asinthe machitidwe awo, ndipo olusa, amapita kukafunafuna chakudya kuti anthu azikhalamo.
Magwero oyipitsa phokoso
Phokoso lomwe limakhalapo limakwiyitsa kwambiri anthu okhala m'mizinda, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitole, komanso mabungwe ena ambiri. Kuphulika kwaphokoso kwachilengedwe komanso kozizwitsa kumayendera anthu kulikonse, chifukwa magwero ake ndi otizungulira. Anthu okhala mdera lililonse amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi:
- masitima apansi panthaka
- ma trams
- masitima
- zoyendera pamsewu
- ndege
- ntchito yomanga.
Magwero amtundu wa ziphuphu amatengedwa kuti ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapezeka mkati mwaofesi, nyumba, sitolo:
- chikweza
- makometsedwe a mpweya,
- chosindikizira (wokopera),
- kompyuta,
- chotsukira
- Chotsukira mbale,
- Washer,
- firiji,
- TV,
- wailesi,
- phokoso lopangidwa ndi oyandikana nawo
- galu wokhazikika
- Alamu yamagalimoto
- nyimbo zaphokoso.
Zomwe zimayambitsa phokoso zomwe zimakhudza malo omwe anthu amakhala:
- ntchito zanga
- langa
- madoko
- mabizinesi akampani
- mbewu zamphamvu.
Zotsatira zonse za chitukuko, kusinthanitsa ndi kukonza miyoyo ya anthu, zimayambitsa mkwiyo wamkati womwe umakhudza thupi la munthu.
Malamulo Ochepetsa Mlengalenga
Kukula mwachangu kwa ziphuphu zakumaso kwadzetsa mkhalidwe pomwe pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti athane ndi vutoli. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pazoyang'anira chilengedwe ndi phokoso.
Bungwe Loona za Umoyo pa Dziko Lonse la Kuteteza Anthu lapangitsa kuti ziletse phokoso lalitali usiku. Kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa phokoso kumachitika mu Russian Federation. Dzikoli lapanga njira zingapo zothana ndi mkwiyo wamayimbidwe:
- kukhazikitsa malamulo
- zopewera
- bungwe
- kapangidwe
- kapangidwe kamangidwe
- zaluso ndi ukadaulo.
Malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polamula madongosolo acoustic katundu akuphatikiza miyezo ya boma (2337-2014, 12.1.003-2014, 17187), malamulo aukhondo komanso ofala (2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562 / 96, 2.1.2.2645-10) omwe amafotokozera mulingo wovomerezeka wamakhazikika m'midzi. Federal Law No. 52 ya Marichi 30, 1999 imafotokoza za kusaloledwa kwa kuvulaza anthu mwa kuwulutsa phokoso.
Kuphatikiza pa zochitika zodziwika bwino, ntchito zoyang'anira zigawo, malamulo, malamulo, ndi malingaliro amagwiranso ntchito munkhani iliyonse yoyang'anira.
Mphamvu yamagetsi
Chakumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu, "International Organisation for the Suppression of Noise" idayamba kugwira ntchito. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kukhazikitsa njira zopewera kuthana ndi phokoso ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kunayamba.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali ya bungweli, maboma amayiko, mabungwe ofufuza, njira zapangidwa zomwe zimawongolera zakumaso:
- kupewa
- kuchepetsa phokoso pagwero lake,
- Kukhazikitsa zopinga za kukondoweza,
- njira yamafunde,
- kuteteza anthu ku zotsatira za kuipitsa kwa ziphuphu.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi kuwononga chilengedwe ndi kupewa. Mukakonzekera, kumanga mabizinesi akampani yamafakitale, ma eyapoti, masitima apamtunda, mizinda, malo okhala, misewu yayikulu, kuwerengera kwamphamvu kwamayendedwe kumachitika. Zotsatira zake zidzaphatikizidwa m'mapulojekiti omanga, kugawa kutulutsa mawu.
Njira yothandiza yothanirana ndi kuwononga phokoso ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa phokoso mu gwero. Popeza katundu wachulukidwe kwambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mayendedwe amsewu, ndikofunikira kusintha pakusintha kwake (kukhazikitsa kwa ma silencers).
M'mabizinesi akampani yamafakitale, malo ophatikizira mawu opangira zida, ma gasi zofewa ndi zophatikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo omanga, kuwongolera milingo ya hum kumachitika kudzera pogawa komanso kukonzekera ntchito yamaphokoso.
Zokhudza anthu
Kuphunzira za momwe phokoso limvekera kwa anthu kunayamba kale. Olamulira a m'mizinda yakale adakhazikitsa malamulo ochepetsa phokoso kwa anthu usiku. Ndipo, ophwanya lamulo anaphedwa ndi mawu: belu linalira pafupi ndi womutsutsayo, pang'onopang'ono kupha munthu ndi drone wake.
Kudera la Russian Federation, 30% ya okhala m'matauni amatha kutengeka ndi phokoso kuyambira magalimoto tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chida choyezera phokoso
Acoustic kuipitsa amayeza mu decibels (dB) - magawo a kuyimira kuchuluka kwa voliyumu. Phokoso, lomwe silimapweteketsa anthu komanso chilengedwe, ndi 45 dB. Zikumveka zomwe voliyumu yake imaposa 80 dB imawonedwa ngati kuipitsa phokoso. Mafunde amawu omwe akuchita ngati kumenyedwa amayeza mu Mach.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kuipitsa phokoso, katundu wamatsenga amakhazikika nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mamiliyoni opanga mawu - zida zoyesera mulingo wamtokoma.
Chinsinsi cha chipangizocho ndikuti mafunde olandirira amalandiridwa ndi maikolofoni, ndikudutsa njira yofikira ndi kusintha, amachita pa voltmeter. Zizindikiro zimapangidwanso pazithunzi za digito. Mamita ambiri omveka a batri amagwira ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa machitidwe
Mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa phokoso kwa anthu umasiyanasiyana. Kuzindikira kwa phokoso kumadalira zinthu zingapo:
- Age - ana, okalamba amatengeka mosavuta ndi zotsatira za phokoso.
- Kutentha - choleric, sanguine nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe.
- Amuna kapena akazi - akazi siokhazikika ngati abambo.
- Mkhalidwe waumoyo - anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika amakhala ovomerezeka.
- Malo okhala - okhala mmalo otanganidwa, nyumba zopanda phokoso lotetezedwa zimakonda kugwa.
- Malo ogwirira ntchito - ogwira ntchito zomanga, antchito yamafakitale, ogwira ntchito muofesi, aphunzitsi amasukulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawu osokosera.
Nthawi zina munthu amagonjera kuchita phokoso pazinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi. Zotsatira zake ndizowonetsera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zizindikiro.
Zotsatira
Mwa munthu yemwe nthawi zonse amakhudzidwa ndi phokoso, matenda amisala amatha. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda amkokomo ndi kusokonekera komanso kugona kugona. Sikuti munthu akafa msanga chifukwa cha uve.
- momwe phokoso limakhalira kwa munthu akagona ndikadzuka (madzulo amachititsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo m'mawa kumathandizira kuthamanga kwamtima),
- phokoso lodziwika bwino (phokoso lanyumba, makompyuta, zida zamaofesi).
Kuphatikiza pa mawu wamba, anthu amathandizidwa ndi ma infrared ndi ma radiation akupanga. Ngakhale kanthawi kochepa kachitidwe kawo kamatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka m'maganizo, chikhalidwe chosokoneza, nkhawa, komanso mantha. Ndipo kukula kwambiri kumayambitsa kusowa chidwi, mutu.
Kuipitsa kwambiri mzindawu pomveka mawu kumawononga anthu. Ziphuphu zakumaso zimadziunjikira ndipo nthawi zina zimayambitsa zosasinthika:
- matenda amitsempha
- chizungulire,
- phokoso
- zosokoneza
- matenda a mtima, chiwindi.
Mphamvu ya phokoso m'mawonedwe ndi zida zowonekera zimachepetsa Reflex, zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi. Kukhala chete kwathunthu kumayambitsanso kusasangalala mwa munthu, kuchepa kwa ntchito. Phokoso lachilengedwe (masamba ofunda, madzi oterera, mbalame zam'mlengalenga) ndizabwino pa thanzi lanu.
Zotsatira zakunja lakunja
Kutseka kwamlengalenga kwa mlengalenga kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwachilengedwe. Nyama, tizilombo timalephera kuyenda, kulankhulana, kufunafuna chakudya. Amayamba kuchita mantha ndikupanga phokoso, potero, akukhumudwitsa bwino koposa. Ndipo nthumwi za dziko lapansi zamadzi (ma dolphins, anamgumi) zimaponyedwa kumtunda chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa phokoso kwa nyanja ndi ana a zombo.
Mlandu wodziwika ndi womwe mazenera masauzande angapo ofunika kwambiri amafa chifukwa chotera pafupi ndi nkhokwe. Phokoso laukadaulo, lofalikira km km, lidasokoneza anapiye. Maselo obzala amathandiziranso phokoso lalikulu: mbewu zimayamba kubisa chinyontho m'njira yowonjezera ndikumauma.
Njira zodzitetezera
Kulimbana kwa munthu ndi phokoso kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Mu 1959, adapanga bungwe la International Organisation for the Control of Sound exposed. Munthawi imeneyi, njira zakonzedwa pofuna kupewa ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa phokoso:
- Mukamalemba zinthu “zopanda phokoso” (mwachitsanzo, njanji), pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi kuti mudziwe momwe angapangire "phokoso" ndikuyesa kupewa kapena kuchepetsa poyambira mawu.
- M'malo okhala, chitetezo chimachitika ndi kukhazikitsa mawindo ndi zitseko zapadera, khoma ndi denga lokwiririka ndi mapanelo amtopola.
- Zikwangwani zokhala ndi phokoso zimayikidwa mumsewu wamagalimoto.
- Misewu imachotsedwa momwe ingathere kuchokera ku mabungwe ophunzira, zipatala.
- Makhadi amawu amapangidwa.
- Silencers imayikidwa pneumatic chida.
- M'malo okhala ndi mawu opitilira muyeso, pali zipinda za maofesi okha, chifukwa usiku mulibe ena.
- Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale "opanda phokoso" ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipsera zam'mutu kapena makutu apadera.
- Ntchito njanji yopanda mafoni (otchedwa "velvet track").
Mulingo wamtundu umayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera ndi zida. Phokoso pa 15 dB (decibels) - yabwino kwa thupi la munthu.
Njira zoyendetsera malamulo
Kuchulukitsa kwa phokoso pafupifupi kwathunthu kumatengera kuzindikira kwa nzika, kutsatira kwawo malamulo otetezeka. Pali mabungwe omwe amadzilamulira okha omwe cholinga chawo ndikuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika kumdima (22: 00-06: 00 kumapeto kwa sabata, 23: 00-09: 00 kumapeto kwa sabata), kulimbikitsa ulemu kwa malamulo ndi iwo owazungulira.
Ku Russia, pali miyambo yomwe imawonetsa kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa mawu m'malo antchito, m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, komanso nyumba. Mulingo wololedwa wambiri masana = 55 dB.
Malamulo akutsatila atha kuphatikiza chindapusa cha boma, zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma siginecha agalimoto pamalo oimika magalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito pagulu za omwe alandila, ojambula matepi panthawi yolakwika. Zofunikira ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira maboma.
Tsoka ilo, anthu samatha kuzindikira mu nthawi kuti aphulika phokoso ndipo izi zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Kuti aletse kuwuka, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo okhazikitsidwa mukakhala kunyumba, kukana kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zam'nyumba, ngati zingatheke, kupita kutchuthi kunja kwa mzinda, chilengedwe.
Zotsatira zaumoyo
Ndikosavuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa phokoso paumoyo wa anthu. Phokoso limasokoneza mitsempha, kusokoneza ndende, matayala, kuyambitsa kukwiya. Kupezeka kokhazikika m'dera la phokoso kumabweretsa chisokonezo chogona komanso kusamva kwamakutu. Zovuta zam'maso zimatha kuyambitsa nkhawa.
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Kukula kwa momwe phokoso limakhalira ndikosiyana kwa munthu aliyense. Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu limaphatikizapo ana, okalamba, anthu omwe akudwala matenda osachiritsika, okhala m'malo ozungulira mzindawu, okhala mnyumba zopanda mawu.
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Ndikukhala kwakanthawi pamayendedwe otanganidwa, pomwe phokoso limakhala pafupifupi 60 dB, mwachitsanzo, kuyimirira mumsewu wamagalimoto, zochitika zamtima wamunthu zimatha kusokonekera.
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Malamulo Ochepetsa Phokoso
Ku Russia, nthawi ndi nthawi, maphunziro osangalatsa a vuto la phokoso amawoneka m'malo okhala mizinda, koma m'malo aboma, madera komanso maboma palibe zochitika zapadera zokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo pofuna kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa phokoso. Mpaka pano, malamulo a Russian Federation ali ndi zinthu zina pokhapokha zoteteza chilengedwe kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuteteza anthu ku mavuto.
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M'mayiko ambiri ku Europe. Amereka ndi Asia ali ndi malamulo apadera. Yakwana nthawi yoti ifike. Mu Russian Federation, ndikofunikira kutengera lamulo lapadera ndi malamulo apakhomo pazinthu zaphokoso ndi zida zachuma kuti athane nazo.
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Phokoso ndilotheka tsopano
Ngati anthu okhala mnyumbayo amadziwa kuti phokoso lomwe limakhala phokoso ndi kupitilira kwake ndi kupitilira muyeso wovomerezeka (PDU), atha kulumikizana ndi Rospotrebnadzor ndi chiphaso ndikupempha kuyesedwa koyeserera malo omwe akukhalamo. Ngati, potengera zotsatira za cheke, kuwonjezeka kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu kokhazikika kumakhazikitsidwa, wolakwira adzafunsidwa kuti awonetsetse kuyendetsa bwino ntchito zamaukadaulo (ngati ndi omwe adayambitsa owonjezera) molingana ndi miyezo.
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Ndikothekera kulumikizana ndi oyang'anira mabomawa ndi oyang'anira zigawo ndi zomwe zikufunika kuti phokoso lithandizire kumanganso nyumbayo. Ntchito zolimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwamphamvu kwa chilengedwe zitha kuthetsedwa pamlingo wamabizinesi payokha. Chifukwa chake ma anti-acoustic machitidwe amamangidwa pafupi ndi mizere ya njanji, pafupi ndi malo opangira mafakitale (mwachitsanzo, malo amagetsi) ndikuteteza malo okhala mzindawo ndi mapaki.
Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa phokoso pa thanzi la anthu
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mulingo wabwinobwino wazinthu zamoyo ndi 45 dB. Voliyumu yoposa 80 dB imasokoneza thanzi la munthu. Nthawi zonse, kudziunjikira kwamayimbidwe kumabweretsa mabvuto otsatirawa:
- kutopa,
- neurosis
- kugona,
- kuchepa kwa chidwi champhamvu,
- atherosulinosis,
- angina pectoris
- kulephera kwa mtima.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwononga phokoso kwa 100dB kapena apamwamba kumayambitsa makutu osatha. Chiwopsezo cha matenda amenewa ndi zina ndi chambiri, popeza kufotokozaku ndikwachulidwe. Kuunikira kwa kuwonongeka kwamawu akulu pazinthu zinazake ndizotheka pakapita nthawi (zitatha zaka 5-10).
Ngati mumakhala pafupi ndi magalimoto pafupipafupi, mabizinesi akampani yamafakitale, thanzi lanu limawonjezeka pamene kuchuluka sikupitilira 80dB.
Ziwerengero za kuwonongeka kwa phokoso m'mizinda yaku Russia
Pali zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pagulu pazilumba zadzikoli. Izi ndichifukwa choti kafukufuku wotereyu samachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo palibe njira imodzi kapena njira yodziwira mulingo wodetsa phokoso.
Poyerekeza kutengera kwa magalimoto pamayendedwe akumzindawo, ofufuzawo adazindikira kuti vuto lalikulu kwambiri la hum ndi magawo akuluakulu: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Omsk. Kuipitsa kwamlengalenga m'mlengalenga kumakhala kambiri kangapo kuposa kumadera ena a Russia.
Kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu za anthropogenic zomwe zimachulukitsa katundu wamayimbidwe (njanji, mabizinesi akampani, malo omanga, eyapoti mkati mwa malire amumzindawu, migodi), pakati pamizinda ya Russian Federation, amasiyanitsidwa (pofuna kuchepetsa phokoso):
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