Gromphadorhina portentosa * Tizilombo

Send

Gromphadorhina portentosa

Gulu la asayansi

Ufumu:

Eumetazoi

Chinsinsi:

Tizilombo ta mapiko

Zabwino Kwambiri:

Blaberoidea

Subfamily:

Oxehaloinae

Onani:

Gromphadorhina portentosa

Dzina lasayansi yapadziko lonse

Gromphadorhina portentosa
(Schaum, 1853)

Amodzi mwa agulu akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi: kukula kwamtundu wachikazi ndi wamwamuna ndi 60 ndi 55 mm, motsatana. Nthawi zina, anthu amafikira masentimita 10 [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 3178 ] .

End End ku Madagascar, amakhala pamitengo yayikulu ndi nthambi za mitengo ndi tchire. Amadyanso udzu wa zomera ndi zipatso. Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 1-2, ali mu ukapolo zaka 2-3 (anthu ena amakhala ndi zaka 5)

Akuluakulu ndi zofiirira, zigawo zakumaso za thoracic ndi expressionotum ndi zofiirira. Pa protorax (prothorax) yaimuna pali nyanga ziwiri zokwezeka, pomwe mwa akazi sizikupezeka. Agogo a ku Madowa alibe mapiko, zikafuna kuwopsa, amawopseza adani pomutulutsa.

Hiss

Chizindikiro chokhala ndi maphemwe aku Madagascar ndikuthekeka kwa kupanga mawu osokosera. Mitundu ina yambiri ili ndi izi. Zizindikiro zoterezi zimathandizira kuthamangitsa zilombo komanso maubwenzi amkati (mwachitsanzo, kulimbana kwa amuna kwa akazi). Kutulutsa kwaphokoso kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kupindika kwam'mimba, chifukwa mpweya umadutsa pakati pa mizere ndi mphamvu.

Amphongo amakuwa nthawi yamavuto, akumenyera achikazi, ali pachibwenzi ndikukhwima. Zachikazi zimangolira mu nthawi ya ngozi. Chifukwa chake mutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi jenda.

Mokulira mokweza mawu ake, amakhala ndi mwayi wodziwana ndi mkazi.

26.09.2017

Ku Madagascar akufuula mdziko muno. Amphongo amapanga mawu ofanana ndi a njoka, ndipo akazi amatha kulira. Mtunduwu udalipo zaka pafupifupi 250 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo sunasinthebe kwambiri kuyambira pamenepo.

Cholengedwa chilibe vuto ndipo sichidwala, koma m'maiko angapo zomwe zili mkati mwake zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ku US boma la Florida, amaloledwa kumangoisungira kumalo osungira asayansi, ndipo amuna okha ndi omwe angachotsedwe mwa iwo mwa chilolezo chapadera cha oyang'anira boma.

Mu 2006, malo amodzi osangalatsa kwambiri ku United States (Six Flags Great America) a Halloween adachita nawo mpikisano kuti adye maphemphe aku Madagascar.

Wopambana adayambitsa mbiri padziko lonse podyera makumi atatu mphambu imodzi ndikupeza ufulu wokwera pamahatchi aulere.

Sizikudziwika ngati adakwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphotho yoyenera, popeza adatsimikiziridwa kuti adalandira poyizoni wazakudya ndikuledzera ndi ma neurotoxins omwe ali m'zinthu za arthropods zodyedwa.

Ku Thailand, amadyedwa, koma atangopereka chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha. Atasenda kwambiri, amapeza kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa nyama kapena soseji.

Kugawa ndi chikhalidwe

Malo okhala zachilengedwe a Gromphadornia portentosa ndi nkhalango youma yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Madagascar, kumene cacti ndi baobabs amakula. Arthropods amakhala makamaka pamitengo ndi m'nthaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri amabisala masamba otsika.

Masana amapezeka panthambi zapansi komanso pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu, ndipo pakufika kucha, amachoka m'makomo ndikupereka usiku wonse kufunafuna chakudya. Zamoyo zamatsenga zimatha kudya mpaka theka la kulemera kwawo panthawi. Popeza ndiopatsa chidwi, amadya chilichonse chomwe amadya. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zipatso, masamba, masamba ndi makungwa a mitengo.

Chakudyacho chimayang'aniridwa ndi zakudya zamasamba, koma mwa mwayi, osusuka sangathe kudzipatsa okha chisangalalo chodya chakudya chochokera nyama. Akasungunuka, amadya khungu lawo lakale, pogwiritsa ntchito chitin chomwe chili nacho kuti apange exoskeleton yatsopano. Ali ku ukapolo, amakhala okonzeka kudya chakudya ndi mwiniwake, kudya soseji, tchizi ndi nyama yophika.

Amuna achikulire ndi nyama zachilengedwe ndipo salekerera nthumwi za abambo awo mdera lawo. Kuwona wopikisana naye, akumanjenjemera mwamphamvu ndikumenya nkhondo ngati nkhosa zamphongo, kuyesera njira zonse zotheka kukankhira wopikisana naye mopitilira malire a katundu wawo ndikuluma bulu wake. Akazi amakhala ndi chikhalidwe choyipa ndipo amakhala bwino wina ndi mnzake.

Mapako amapanga phokoso akamezedwa ndi malingaliro aliwonse, makamaka mantha ndi kufunitsitsa kubereka.

Kuti zisonyeze mawu omveka, tizilombo nthawi yomweyo amatuluka pamimba kuti mpweya womwe umakakamizika utulukemo.

Kuswana

Anthu amtunduwu amakhala okhwima pofika miyezi isanu. Kuberekanso kwa agogo a ku Madagascar kumachitika chaka chonse. Kukhwima kwakukulu kumawonedwa pofika nthawi yamvula, pomwe matenthedwe amlengalenga amakhala 25 ° C-30 ° C, ndipo chinyezi chimaposa 50%.

Kukula kwa mazira kumachitika mu ooteca yomwe ili m'thupi la mkazi wothira mkati mwa masiku 50-70, kutengera chilengedwe. Pamapeto pa mimba, iye amatulutsa ana 20-30 m'mimba. Amabadwa ofewa komanso oyera, koma patapita maola ochepa khungu lawo limawuma ndikuyamba kukhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira.

Nymphs zimadyetsa kwambiri ndikukumana ndi ma molts 6 m'miyezi 5-10, pambuyo pake amasintha kukhala akuluakulu ndikuyamba kuchulukana.

Agogo a ku Madadasawa amamva bwino mu mankhwala a tizilombo ndipo siziwopseza eni ake. Amayamba kuzolowera kudya ndipo amakhala otopa. Athandizeni mosamala ndi manja anu, ndikugwira chala ndi chofundira mbali zonse za chifuwa.

Ziweto ndi zofunitsitsa kukhala m'manja mwa manja awo ndipo zimangopita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ndikuphunzira mozungulira zomwe zili pafupi ndi chidwi. Samaluma, samatulutsa zinthu zosasangalatsa komanso zovulaza.

Tizilombo titha kusungidwa mu pepala lililonse la pulasitiki kapena galasi. Kwa anthu awiri, voliyumu yocheperako iyenera kukhala osachepera 30x20x20 cm. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi insectarium yayikulu kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha zolengedwa zokongola chikhale momwemo.

Zipse za mitengo yazipatso, udzu kapena zidutswa za khungwa la mtengo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala. Musanagwiritse ntchito, kuyanika mokwanira ndikofunikira, sikulimbikitsidwa mwapadera kugwiritsa ntchito zonyowa. Chinyezi chabwino ndi pafupifupi 60%, koma mfundo zotsika zimaloledwa. Zinyalala ziyenera kusinthidwa kamodzi m'miyezi 4-5.

Pazoyala, zida zotsanzira chilengedwe zachilengedwe zimayikidwa kuti ziweto zizikhala ndi mwayi wokwawa ndikukwera nthambi.

Ayenera kukhala ndi malo osungirako. Chifukwa cha izi, miyala ndi matabwa aliwonse ndizoyenera.

Matenthedwe amasungidwa pakati pa 23 ° C-28 ° C. Kuzizira kwanthawi yayitali pansi pa 18 ° C-20 ° C kumakhala kosautsa mtima kwa Madagascans ndipo kumachepetsa kufuna kwawo kubereka. Chothandiza kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya za ceramic kapena matilo amagetsi pakuwotha ndi thermostat.

Mutha kudyetsa ziweto ndi zipatso, masamba, letesi ndi mitengo iliyonse yabwino. Amatha kudya zakudya zowonongeka ndikuvunda, koma pazifukwa zaukhondo zakudya zotere ziyenera kupewedwa. Kufunika kwa mapuloteni kumathetsedwa ndikutumiza chakudya chanthawi zonse kwa agalu kapena amphaka.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa nyama zazinyama zachikulire ndi pafupifupi 5.5-8 cm. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa achikazi, koma ali ndi tinyanga totalikirapo ndipo pa prothorax (protorax) pamakhala mitundu yophulika ngati nyanga. Zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zimakula mpaka 10 cm. Mapiko sapezeka.

Utoto ndi wonyezimira, mbali yakumbuyo ya prothorax ndi expressionot imakhala yakuda. Thupi lathyathyathya, miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yolimba.

Mu nthawi yachilengedwe, Madache aku Malawi kwawo sakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Muukapolo, ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chiyembekezo chawo cha moyo nthawi zambiri chimafika zaka 4-5.

Komwe kumakhala

Mwakutero, pankhani iyi, izi zitha kulingaliridwa kale ndi dzina lake, ndiye kuti, tikulankhula za chisumbu cha Madagascar. Kunali kuno, m'malo otalikirana ndi nyama zapakhomo, gulu la maphemwe osawerengeka awa linakhazikitsidwa.

Ku Madagascar kuzizira (lat.Gromphadorhina)

Maonekedwe a chisosere

Kunja, tizilomboti ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi kafadala wamkulu wokongoletsa utoto wakuda - bulauni. Tambala wamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu ku Madagascar amakula mpaka 6 cm, zazikazi ndizofupikitsa - 5.5 cm. Komabe, palinso zitsanzo zotere zomwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo kufika 10 cm.

Mtundu wa chigamba ndi matupi a tizilombo tosangalatsa timeneti titha kukhala osiyanasiyana: kuyambira wakuda weniweni mpaka wachikasu kwambiri. Nthawi zina ngakhale anthu okhala ndi mthunzi wa beige amapezeka. Ngakhale madokota ambiri ku Madagascar ali ndi mayankhulidwe awiri: wakuda - wofiira.

Pali njira zingapo kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi ndizocheperako kuposa zazimuna, kuphatikiza apo, amuna ali pachifuwa chamtsogolo, chomwe asayansi amatchedwa protorax, amakhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono.

Anapiye akhungu ndi amodzi mwa tizilombo tambiri padziko lapansi.

Koma kachilombo kameneka kali ndi mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa kwambiri. Amakhala ndi zikho zapadera zoyamwa zomwe, zikaphatikizidwa ndi malo osalala, zimapereka utupu.

Moyo

Mwachilengedwe, tizilombo timeneti timakhala pansi mwachindunji, tikugwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi udzu, komanso miyala, mitengo ikuluikulu yogona pogona. Satha kuuluka, motero chilengedwe sichinawapatsa mapiko, pomwe palibe ntchito kukumba zinyalala, koma chipolopolo cholimba komanso cholimba.

Amaphemwe osachedwa kwambiri amenewa, kuti akhale ndi moyo, anasankha moyo wawo - chinsinsi. Masana, amabisala kuti asadyedwe ndi nyama kapena mbalame, koma usiku agulu a ku Madagascar ndi achangu kwambiri.

Kubalalitsa ana a ku Madagascar.

Zakudya za chimphona chachikulu cha dziko lapansi

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi omnivores. Ngati zili kuthengo, chakudya chake chitha kukhala nyama yakufa, zipatso ndi masamba, kenako kunyumba zimatha kudya chilichonse.
Mkate umawerengedwa kuti ndiwothandiza kwa iwo, amakonda nthochi, maapulo, kaloti wowotchera, komanso phala la oatmeal ndi zina zambiri.

Adani a atambala

Ngakhale njira zomwe adasankha, pali ambiri omwe akufuna kudya nawo tizilombo ku chilumba cha Madagascar. Izi siziri lemurs zokha, komanso nyama zina zopanda chitetezo, zomwe ndi khama lonse zimafunafuna mapete obisalira m'malo awo. Ndipo atawapeza, anadya, nadzipatsa zakudya zofunikira zomanga thupi pamapulogalamu awo.

Ndipo kwina komwe maphemwe awa amadya.

Komabe, tizilombo timeneti timalimbana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tambala apeza mandimu, izi sizitanthauza kuti zitha kukhala zosavuta kuti adye.

Pangozi yayikulu, tambala wa ku Madache amakakamizidwa kuti ayang'anire zinyalala ndi mphamvu kotero kuti nkosatheka kuutola.

Kapangidwe kabati kamamuthandiza kwambiri pamenepa, pomwe zala za "msaki" zimasowa mosavuta. Nthawi yomweyo, kachilomboka kamayamba kulira, mawu ake amafanana kwambiri ndi a njoka. Nthawi zambiri mdani amachita mantha ndikusiya tizilombo tokha.

Ndipo kwina komwe amadzala, ngati ziweto.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Magiya oteteza

Amapopa aku Madagascar ndi oimira kwambiri mabanja awo. Amabisala mu udzu ndi masamba pansi. Mitundu yoteteza kumateteza tizirombo mosayang'ana kumbuyo kwa zinyalala. Mtundu waukulu ndi wodera. Mimba ndiyopepuka kuposa cephalothorax.

Nembanemba wa chitinous amagawidwa magawo. Amalumikizidwa ndi nsalu yotanuka, yomwe ili ndi mthunzi wopepuka. Kuchokera pamenepa, thupi la tambala limawoneka lamizere, lomwe limasowetsa nyama zambiri. Chitin chipolopolo ndi chosalala komanso cholimba:

Thupi la tizilombo timakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse. Ndiwosalala. Zikagona pansi kapena kukakamira kutsamira mtengo, zimavuta kuyigwira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazida zomwe chilengedwe chimapanga,
miyendo yaanthu ndi yokutidwa ndi chitin kunja. Ndi thandizo lawo, amasuntha mosavuta pamtengo pamwamba pa thunthu la mtengo ndikugwidwa ndi nthaka,
tizilombo timayendanso bwino pamalo osalala, pagalasi kapena pulasitiki. Ali ndi makapu oyamwa kumapeto kwa mphamvu zawo,
pa miyendo ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Ndi chithandizo chawo, anthu amawona kusinthasintha kwa mpweya, amatha kudziwa yemwe akuwabwera. Izi zimawathandiza kuthawa pasadakhale zoopsa. Tizilomboti timangotaya masamba ndi dothi,
Ku Madagascar moni wabodza. Amatsanzira njoka. Mwa kuponya phokoso, amadana ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya komanso nyama, koma sakudziwa kuluma tizilombo. Alibe zida za izi.

Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chomwe anthu amafunira, tifunika kulingalira za kupuma komwe kumatulutsa. Tizilombo timene amapuma ndi thupi lake lonse. Mpweya umalowa mthupi kudzera pamawindo pamimba. Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa magawo azinthu zokongola. Mahatchi amadziwika kuti ndi mizukwa. Pali 10 a iwo.

Zoyala zonse mbali imodzi zimalumikizidwa ndi thunthu la tracheal. Ma tracheas onse amalumikizidwa ndi machubu opingasa. Ma machubu a bronchi ndi owonda omwe amafanana ndi ziwalo zimachoka kwa iwo. Njira zosinthira mafuta zimachitika mwa iwo.

Nthawi zina tambala wa ku Madagascar amagwiritsa ntchito mizere yake ngati chitetezo. Pakakhala zoopsa, amafinya minofu ya thupi, kufinya mpweya. Mphepo imatuluka ndi mawu akulu. Malangizo abodza.

Amuna amagwiritsa ntchito ake akamamenya akazi. Nthawi yomweyo, amakweza kumbuyo. Kusamalira chachikazi, abambo amatha kusintha phokoso popanga likhweru. Chifukwa chake amatcha chachikazi kuti chikhale matekitala.

Kunyumba, tizilombo timasungidwa m'nyumba. Ngati mukulumikizira chala kumbuyo kwa tambala, imagwera pansi, ndikulimba mwamphamvu motsutsana nayo, gwiritsitsani minga pamiyendo. Ngati zoyeserera kugwira tizilombo sizisiya, amayamba kukweza kumbuyo kwake, ndikulira.

Amphaka a ku Madirakulo amasiya kukhala m'malo opanda chiyembekezo pomwe agwidwa ndi wolusa kapena bambo. Tizilomboto timamvereratu. Kumva malo olimba pansi pa mapazi ake, tambala amayesera kuthawa, abwereza kuyesayesa kwake kuwopa mdani.

Maphemwe samaluma. Amatengeka modekha, koma si anthu onse omwe amakonda zonyansa. Amakuwa. Phokoso limatha kuwopsa ngakhale munthu wophunzitsidwa bwino. Mwachidziwikire, adzakoka dzanja lake kutali ndi chiwetocho, amutulutse iye kupita ku malo opumirako.

Matandala aku Madagascar satulutsa fungo lakunja, chifukwa chake samanunkhiza. Ngakhale kusowa fungo, tizilombo timatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri mwa anthu. Zotsatira zimayambika pa zinyalala zomwe zimatsalira mu terarium.

Zipolopolo zotuwa nthawi zambiri zimatsalira mchombocho, chomwe chimawuma ndikuuma. Imalowa m'thupi, imayambitsa matenda amphumu mwa anthu oganiza bwino.

Odwala matendawa amatha kutenga ziweto zakunja m'manja, koma sanalangizidwe kuti ayeretse malo omwe amapezeka. Pakatha kulumikizana ndi tizilombo, muyenera kusamba m'manja ndikukhala ndi mphuno.

Kusamalira bwanji?

Amadumphidwe aku Madagascar amasungidwa m'nyumba zochitira kunyumba. Kuti tizilombo titha kutuluka mu thankiyo, makoma amadzazidwa ndi mafuta odzola kapena mafuta. M'lifupi mwa mzere wamafuta uyenera kukhala wosachepera 5 cm. Amayenda.

Poterepa, malo a terarium sangathe kuphimbidwa. Chophimba chimafunikira ngati pali ziweto zina, galu kapena mphaka mnyumbayo amene angakonde tambala.

Mu terarium, tikulimbikitsidwa kupilira kutentha kosachepera 25 ° C, chinyezi 70%. Ofukula zinyama azindikira kuti agogo olekeza a ku Madagascar amakonda kuzolowera moyo watsopano.

Mbadwo wachiwiri wa tizilombo, womwe umapezeka kunyumba, umakhala bwino pakupanga kutentha ndi chinyezi chochepa. Amagwira osati usiku, komanso masana.

Gawo la coconut limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala. Kuzama kwake ndi masentimita 2-3. Mapeto amakonda kukumba.

Tizilombo tambiri tomwe takhazikika pansi takugwera pansi tating'ono tawo ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito zachilengedwe. Ngati malo okhala ndi mapesi akuluakulu, ndiye kuti zinyalala zimakhala ndi oatmeal.

Masana, atambala amabisala m'misasa. Kwa iwo, ikani maselo a pepala mazira. Amatumizira monga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, komanso chakudya. Mahipu amapangidwa m'maselo kuti zitheke kuti ziweto ziziyenda mozungulira.

Mapopa ndi omnivores. Mukamadyetsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthanitsa zakudya za mbewu ndi mapuloteni. Ziweto zimapatsidwa zipatso zokoma, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zipereke zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa popanda mankhwala, ndikuziwonetsa kutengera nyengo.

Osadyetsa maphemphe ndi mphesa kapena nthochi nthawi yozizira. Zogulitsa zimathandizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa moyo wa alumali.

Tizilombo timafunikira chakudya chama protein. M'malo achilengedwe, amadya matupi a nyama zakufa. Kunyumba, amadyetsedwa gammarus, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa nsomba.

Kudyetsa kwamapuloteni ndikofunikira makamaka kwa akazi oyembekezera, nyama zazing'ono ndi anthu omwe akukonzekera kusungunuka.

Malo ophunzirawa amatsukidwa kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Sinthani zinyalala, makoma amasambitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito koloko. Mukatsuka, musaiwale kuyika mafuta kumakoma. Kuti abwezeretse bata mu terrarium, ziweto zimasamutsidwira kwina.

Pochita ndi agogo a ku Madadas, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa. Tiyenera kukhala okonzeka kuti azilirira, azimba mluzu, kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, koma osaluma. Mukamaliza kulumikizana ndi tizilombo, sambani m'manja. Anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa amalangizidwa kuti azitsuka mphuno zawo.

Send