Kutengera ndi mitundu, ma giboni ndi ochepa kapena akulu, mtundu wa ubweya wawo umatanthauzanso malo ndi mtundu wake. Pafupifupi, ma giboni amakhala ndi ma kilogalamu 4 mpaka 13. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kukhoza kukhala kuchokera pa masentimita 45 mpaka 90.
Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) ndi mtundu wokhawo wa gibbon womwe uli ndi sac resonator sac.
Agiboni amakhala ndi thupi loonda, loonda; amasiyanitsidwa ndi anyani ena ambiri chifukwa choti kulibe mchira. Izi anyani ndi amodzi mwa opita patsogolo kwambiri mu gulu lawo.
Nyama izi zili ndi mano 32 mkamwa mwawo, monga anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa II, III, magulu a magazi a IV "amatipanga" okhudzana ndi ma gibboni (gulu lokhalo la I ndilibe gibbons).
Belorussky Gibbons, kapena Lars (Hylobates lar).
Mwa mitundu yonse 16 ya banja lino, thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Popanda ubweya, ma giboni amakhala ndi ma kanjedza okha, nkhope zawo ndi chimanga chodziwika bwino. Kwenikweni ma giboni onse ali ndi khungu lakuda. Ponena za mithunzi ya ubweya, nthawi zambiri imakhala yowoneka bwino (yakuda) kapena yokhala ndi timawu tating'ono tating'ono. Komabe, mitundu ina imakhala ndi ubweya wopepuka.
Miyendo ya giboni imasiyana kwambiri kutalika kwake: miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo. Mwa njira, "mikono" ya anyaniwa ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa thupi (pafupifupi kawiri!), Ndichifukwa chake amapuma mosavuta m'manja, ataimirira. Mosiyana ndi anyani ena, ma giboni amakonda kuyenda “wowongoka”, ngakhale atakhala kutalika kwambiri (kwinakwake pamtengo).
Mitundu ya Gibbons
Banja la Gibbon lili ndi ma genera 4, kuphatikizapo mitundu 17 yomwe imadziwika ndi sayansi yamakono.
- Siliva Gibbon (Hydrate moloch)
- Gibbon wopanda mutu
- Gibbon waku Cambodian (Hylobates pileatus)
- Gibbon Mueller (Hylobates muelleri)
- Gibbon wokhala ndi zida zamtundu wakuda (Hylobates agilis)
- Nomascus hainanus
- Dwarf Gibbon (Hylobates klossii)
- Whitebeard Gibbon (Wofanana ndi ma Hypibarbis)
- Western Hulock (Hoolock hoolock)
- Siamang sprostnopley (Symphalangus syndactylus)
- Gibbon Wakuda Wakum'mawa (Nomascus nasutus)
- Gibbon-wachikhulupiriro chowoneka oyera (Nomascus leucogenys)
- Nomascus annamensis
- Gibbon Wachikasu Wokolola Wamtchire (Nomascus gabriellae)
- Gibbon wakuda wakuda (Nomascus concoror)
- Nomascus siki
- Eastern Hulock (Hoolock leuconedys)
Kodi ma gibons amakhala kuti?
Zachidziwikire mitundu yonse ya ma giboni amakhala ku Asia. Kwawo ndi nkhalango ku India, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam komanso China. Posankha malo okhala, anyaniwa amakonda nkhalango zowirira, zonyowa. Mitundu ina, komabe, imakwera m'mapiri, koma osakhala apamwamba kuposa mamita 2000 pamwamba pamtunda wa nyanja.
Ma Giboni amagwira ntchito masana okha. Asayansi omwe apenda mosamala za moyo wa ma gibboni aku Belorussia afikira pakudziwa kuti anyaniwa amatha kuphatikiza zochitika zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Patsiku lawo amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kudya, kupumula, kusamalira nokha ndi ana, kulumikizana ndi abale, kugona, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi ma gibons amadya chiyani?
Anyaniwa amakonda zakudya zam'mera. Makamaka, amasankha masamba obiriwira, koma amatha "kuwaza" ndi mtedza, maluwa kapena zipatso zokoma (nthochi, rambutans). Koma pali ma gibons okongoletsa pakati pa banja, amadya mazira a mbalame, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale anapiye, ngakhale amadya tizilombo tambiri nthawi zambiri.
Chochititsa chidwi: ma giboni sadziwa kumwa - mwa chizolowezi cha mawu - amatha kungothira ubweya m'manja mwawo kwambiri, ndikuyamwa, motero kumamwa chinyezi.
Ma giboni onse ndi zolengedwa zam'manja kwambiri. Amakonda masewera olumikizana ndi abale. Ziphuphu zimakonda kuzolowera anthu, komanso zimakonda kulumikizana ndi mitundu ina ya nyama. Amakonda kukhala aukali kapena oyipa, mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira.
Ponena za kusankha kwa abwenzi, ma giboni ndi onyoza. Amakonda kukhala awiriawiri kapena mabanja (achimuna, achikazi ndi ana awo). A Gibons amakhala m'chilengedwe kwa zaka pafupifupi 25, koma kamodzi woimira banja lino adakwanitsa zaka 50!
Kubadwa kwa mwana pamagiboni ndimwambo wosowa kwambiri, chifukwa mwana amabadwa kamodzi pazaka zitatu, kapena ngakhale zinayi. Makolo osamala amasunga mwana pafupi ndi iwo zaka zitatu zoyambirira za moyo, nthawi yonseyi mayi amamuwadyetsa mkaka.
Alonda a Gibbon
"Zikomo" kwa anthu, nyama zochulukazo mosavomerezeka, zimathamangitsidwa m'malo awo okhala. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti mitundu ina masiku ano ili mu International Red Book yomwe ili "pangozi" kapena "yokhala pangozi". Ena mwa ma giboni osowa kwambiri ndi Gibbon wokhala ndi zida zakuda, Gibbon wa Kloss, komanso Gibbon yoyera.
Ndipo sizikudziwika kuti ndi zingati mitundu ina yomwe ingakhale mumkhalidwe wofananawu ngati anthu saleka kugonjera mosasamala gawo lililonse la Dziko lapansi chifukwa cha phindu ndi phindu lawo.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi ma gibons amawoneka bwanji?
M'matumba, miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo. Mikono italiitali imalola kuti anyaniwa azikwera mwachangu nthambi zamitengo. Zala zakumaso zili patali kwambiri ndi zala zina, motero zimawonetsa chidwi. Nyani zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi akuthothoka mufupi ndi maso akulu. Nyani za banja ili ali ndi zikwama zapakhosi zopangidwa mwaluso, motero amakhoza kulira kwambiri.
Miyeso ya thupi la gibbon imasiyana pakati pa masentimita 48-92. Oimira banja amalemera kuchokera pa kilogalamu 5 mpaka 13.
Ubweya ndi wandiweyani. Colouring imatha kukhala yofiirira kapena yofiirira. M'mafoni ena, mtundu umatha kukhala woyera, kapena, wakuda. Koma ma giboni okhala ndi ubweya wakuda kapena wowala sasowa kwambiri. Kuwona gibbon yoyera ndikovuta kwambiri. Nyaniwa ali ndi chimanga cha sayansi.
Kufalikira kwa ma giboni padziko lapansi
A Gibbons amakhala kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, m'malo okhala nkhalango zotentha kuchokera ku Indonesia kupita ku India. Kumpoto kwa malo, ma giboni amakhala m'malo achichepere a China. Amapezekanso kuzilumba za Borneo, Sumatra ndi Java.
Mverani mawu a gibbon
Mitundu yonseyi ya anyani ndi nyama zakutchire ndi chikhalidwe chawo, ndipo zikhalidwe zawo nzofanana. Nyani akakhala ndi katundu, amadzawauza anyani ena akulira kwambiri komwe kumamveka mtunda wa makilomita angapo.
Ma Giboni samanga zisa kuti azisangalala, umu ndi momwe amasiyana ndi anyani akuluakulu anyama. Banja ili lilibe michira.
Izi ndi nyama zachangu zomwe zimayenda mwanzeru pamakona a mitengo. Kudumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita ku nthambi, iwo amadutsa mtunda wa mamita 15. Amatha kuyenda motere pamtunda wofika makilomita 55 pa ola limodzi.
Agiboni ndi herbivores.
Agiboni amatha kudumpha kuchokera pamalo mpaka kutalika kwa mita 8. Nyani izi zimayenda bwino pamiyendo iwiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala imodzi mwa anyani othamanga kwambiri omwe amakhala m'makona amitengo.
Popeza ma giboni amayenda mwachangu limodzi ndi nthambi, mathithi sitha. Akatswiri amati nyani iliyonse yathyoka mafupa kangapo m'moyo wake.
Akuluakulu agiboni amakhala awiriawiri, ndipo amakhalabe achinyamata mpaka azaka 8. Pambuyo pake, achichepere ndi amuna achichepere amasiya banja ndikukakhala lokha kwakanthawi mpaka atapeza wosankhidwa kapena wosankhidwa. Ziphuphu zimatha kutenga zaka pafupifupi ziwiri kuti zitheke.
Agiboni ndi nyama zomwe zimakhazikika mdziko lapansi.
Nthawi zambiri makolo amathandiza ana awo achichepere kusankha malo abwino okhala. Mukakhala ndi gawo lanu, zimakhala zosavuta kupeza mnzanu.
Zakudya za ma gibboni makamaka zimakhala ndi zakudya za masamba: masamba ndi zipatso. Koma anyaniwa amadyanso tizilombo, mazira, ndi tating'ono tating'ono.
Makamaka magonero khalani ku Southeast Asia. M'mbuyomu, madera omwe amagawikidwako anali ochulukirapo, koma mphamvu ya anthu idachepetsa. Mutha kukumana ndi nkhalango zowirira, komanso m'nkhalango zamitengo, koma osapitirira 2,000.
Maonekedwe a kapangidwe ka nthumwi za oimira zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndi monga kusowa kwa mchira komanso kutalika kwakutsogolo kwamtsogolo ndi ulemu kwa thupi kuposa anyani ena. Chifukwa cha manja olimba atali ndi chala chokhala ndi mizu yotsika m'manja, ma giboni amatha kuyenda pakati pa mitengo mwachangu, kugwirira panthambi.
Pa chithunzi magiboni kuchokera pa intaneti mutha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komabe, nthawi zambiri zosiyana izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera ndi zotsatira zake.
M'moyo, pali mitundu ya mitundu itatu - yakuda, imvi komanso yofiirira. Mawonekedwe amatengera munthu wamtundu winawake. Chifukwa chake, gibbon wocheperako kwambiri mukamakula amakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 45 ndi kulemera kwa 4-5 makilogalamu, subspecies akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 90 cm, motsatana, ndipo kulemera kumawonjezeka.
Kufotokozera mwachidule banjalo
Zing'onozing'ono kwambiri m'banjamo. Kutalika kwa matendawa ndi masentimita 45-90. Kulemera kwamtunduwu ndi 8 mpaka 13 kg. Zolimbitsa thupi za ma gibbon ndizabwino kwambiri. Kutsogolo ndi kutsogolo. Ma siamang pamiyendo yakumbuyo, zala zachiwiri ndi zachitatu zimaphatikizidwa kwambiri. Pali chimanga chaching'ono cha sayansi.
Chala choyamba cha burashi ndichitali kwambiri. Pali fupa lapakati m'chiuno. Mphuno zakunja zimapangidwa bwino. Siamese ali ndi guttural shock, yomwe kunjaku imakutidwa ndi khungu lopanda tsitsi. Chikwamacho ndi chopendekera chammbali cha mucous nembanemba. Nyama ikalira, chikwamacho chimatupa mwamphamvu ndipo chimawonjezera phokoso.
Tsitsi ndilokulimba, mtundu wake umakhala wosiyana kwambiri ndi wakuda kapena bulauni mpaka wachikasu chakuda, pafupifupi kirimu kapena yoyera. Pa gibbon wokhala ndi zida zoyera, manja ndi mapazi ndi oyera ndipo nkhopeyo yazunguliridwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Pa giboni wamtundu umodzi, tsitsi lakumutu limayimirira, ndikupanga chisa chamtundu wina.
Anthu okhala m'nkhalango zowirira - pafupifupi 2400 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Amakhala moyo wonga mtengo, samakonda kupita pansi. Amadyetsa makamaka zinthu za masamba (masamba, zipatso), koma amadyanso ma invertebrates ndi ma vertebrates (tizilombo, akangaude, anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame). Ma giboni amayenda limodzi ndi nthambi mothandizidwa ndi brachiation. Amasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 2-6, nthawi zambiri amayimira banja losiyana. Mimba ndi masiku 200-212. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala lita imodzi. Kukula kumachitika zaka 6-10. Adakhala mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 23.
Ma Gibbon ndi ofala ku Assam, Burma, Yunnan, ku Indochina Peninsula, Hainan, Tenasserim, Thailand, pa Malacca Peninsula, kuzilumba za Sumatra, Mentawai, Java ndi Kalimantan.
Awa ndi anyani ang'ono, omangidwa mokoma, kutsogolo kwawo kutalika kuposa miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, tsitsi lawo ndilotetemera, manja, nsapato, makutu ndi nkhope zilibe. Pali chimanga chaching'ono cha sayansi. Zala ndizitali, chala choyamba chimatsutsana bwino ndi zina zonse. Kugawidwa ku India, Indochina, Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Peninsula ya Malacca. Onsewa ndiwosakhazikika, okhala munkhalango yamvula yokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuyenda - ma brachiation: akugwira nthambi za mitengo ndi manja, amauluka kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtunda mpaka mamita fifitini. Amatha kuyenda pansi pamiyendo iwiri, ndikuyimilira ndi manja awo. Ma giboni ena amawonetsa mtundu wamatsenga pakujambula tsitsi, mwachitsanzo, amuna a gibbon wamtundu womwewo ndi akuda ndipo akazi ndi opepuka beige. Chinthu chinanso cha gibbon ndi moyo wabanja, pomwe banja lililonse lili ndi gawo lawolawo ndipo limakhala lofanana ndi mabanja ena. Khalidweli limatchedwa "kuyimba" kapena "kwayala" ya gibbons, oyambitsa kuimba ndi lamulo, wamwamuna, ndiye kuti banja lonse limalumikizana nalo. Ma gibboni osindikizira - siamangs - ngakhale atakhala ndi matumba amawu apadera a khosi - othandizira kukulitsa phokoso.
Mutha kuphunzirapo zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa gibbon, onani chithunzi cha gibbon ndikuphunzira za moyo wa gibbon m'chilengedwe powerenga nkhaniyi yonena za banja lakale, lotchedwa gibbons, lomwe lili ndi mitundu 17 lero.
Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha gibbon
Masana, ma giboni amakhala othandiza kwambiri. Zimasuntha mwachangu pakati pa mitengo, kugwirana ndikutsogolo ndikukutumphuka kuchokera nthambi kusiya nthambi mpaka mita 3. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwawo kuli mpaka 15 km / h.
Nyani sizimatsika pansi. Koma, ngati izi zikuchitika, momwe amayendetsera kayendedwe ndizabwino kwambiri - amaimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikupita, ndikumayendetsa kutsogolo. Mabanja okhala ndi banja limodzi amakhala ndi ana awo m'gawo lawo, lomwe amawasamalira mwachangu.
M'mawa kwambiri nyani gibbons kukwera mumtengo wamtunda ndikudziwitsa anyani ena onse ndi nyimbo yayikulu yomwe bwaloli limakhazikika. Pali zonena kuti pazifukwa zina sizikhala ndi gawo komanso banja. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi anyamata achichepere omwe amasiya chisamaliro cha makolo posaka omwe akukhalirana nawo moyo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ngati mwana wamwamuna yemwe wakula satenga gawo la makolo ake yekha, amachotsedwa ntchito mokakamiza. Chifukwa chake, mwana wamwamuna wachichepere amatha kuyendayenda m'nkhalangomo kwa zaka zingapo mpaka akakumana ndi wosankhidwa wake, pokhapokha atakhala m'malo opanda ana ndikubereka ana kumeneko.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti anthu akuluakulu omwe amakhala m'mabanja ena amakhala ndi kuteteza ana awo mtsogolo, komwe mwana wamwamuna wamwamuna adzatha kubweretsa wamkazi kupitiliranso, kudzisankhira pawokha.
Pa chithunzicho, gibbon wokhala ndi manja oyera
Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi zomwe zilipo ma giboni oyera okhala ndi manja oyera machitidwe okhwima tsiku ndi tsiku, omwe amatsatiridwa ndi pafupifupi nyani onse popanda kusiyapo. Kutacha, pakadutsa maola 5 mpaka 6 m'mawa, amadzuka ndi kugona.
Atangokwera kumene, chitolirochi chimakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri kuti akumbutse ena onse kuti gawo ndilotanganidwa ndipo sayenera kuzunguliridwa. Pamenepo ndiye kuti gibbonyo imapanga chimbudzi cham'mawa, chodzikonzera tulo, kuyamba kuyenda mwachangu ndikukhala panthambi za mitengo.
Njirayi imakonda kupita ku mtengo wa zipatso, wosankhidwa kale ndi nyani, pomwe phalaphala limadya chakudya cham'mawa chambiri. Kudya kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, gibbon imasangalatsa zipatso zamtundu uliwonse. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono, phokoso limapita kumalo ake ena kuti akapumule.
Chithunzithunzi ndi gibbon wakuda
Pamenepo amakhala pamadzi, atagona osasunthika, amasangalala, amakondana komanso amakhala ndi moyo ambiri. Pokhala kupumula kokwanira, gibbon imasamalira ukhondo wa chikhoto chake, kuphatikiza, pang'onopang'ono ndikudziyikira kuti mupitirize kudya.
Nthawi yomweyo, nkhomaliro ili kale pamtengo wina - bwanji muzidya zomwezo ngati mukukhalanso nkhalango yamvula? Akasitomala amadziwa gawo lawo komanso malo ake owopsa. Maola angapo otsatira amakhalanso ndi zipatso zowoneka bwino, zotupa zam'mimba ndipo, zolemera, amapita kumalo ogona.
Monga lamulo, kupumula kwa tsiku limodzi ndi kudya kawiri kumatenga tsiku lonse la gibbon, kufikira chisa, kumakagona kukauza chigawo mwamphamvu yatsopano kuti gawo limakhala lopanda mantha komanso lamphamvu.
Kubala ndi kutalika kwa gibbon
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma giboni ndi mabanja osakwatiwa omwe makolo amakhala ndi ana mpaka ana atakhala okonzeka kupanga mabanja awoawo. Popeza kuti kutha msinkhu kumachitika zaka 13 mpaka 6, banja nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi ana azaka zosiyanasiyana komanso makolo.
Nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi anyani akale, omwe pazifukwa zina amakhala osungulumwa. Ma giboni ambiri, atataya wokondedwa wawo, sangakhalenso watsopano, chifukwa chake amakhala moyo wawo wonse popanda awiri. Nthawi zina iyi ndi nthawi yayitali, ma giboni amoyo mpaka zaka 25-30.
Oimira gulu limodzi amadziwana, kugona ndi kudya limodzi, kusamalirana.Kukula kwanyengo kumathandiza mayi kuyang'anira ana. Komanso, pa zitsanzo za akuluakulu, ana amaphunzira mkhalidwe woyenera. Mwana watsopano amapezeka mwa iwo zaka ziwiri zilizonse ziwiri. Atangobereka, amalunga mikono yake mchiuno cha amayi ake ndikugwiritsitsa mwamphamvu kwa iye.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa choyera
Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ngakhale mwana ali m'manja mwake, wamkazi amasunthira chimodzimodzi - amatembenuka kwambiri ndikulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi kumtunda waukulu. Wamphongo amasamaliranso ana, koma nthawi zambiri nkhawa imeneyi imangoteteza ndi kuteteza madera. Ngakhale kuti ma giboni amakhala m'nkhalango zodzaza ndi nyama zomwe zimakalipira mkwiyo, zambiri zomwe zimawonongeka ndi nyamazi zidachitidwa ndi anthu. Chiwerengero cha anyaniwa amachepetsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo okhala.
Kugwetsa nkhalango ndipo gibboni achoka m'malo omwe amakhala kuti akapeze zatsopano, zomwe sizophweka. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhalapo anthu ena omwe amakonda kusunga nyama zamtchirezi kunyumba. Mutha kugula gibbon m'mazamba apadera. Mtengo wa gibbon zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso mtundu wa munthu.
Gibbons - banja la anyani, momwe lero muli mitundu 4, agawidwa mitundu 17. Malo omwe amakhala amakhala mpaka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Awa ndi nkhalango zotentha komanso zotentha kuyambira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India mpaka ku Indonesia. Kumpoto, mtunduwo umangopita kumadera akumwera kwa China. Nyani amakhalanso kuzilumba za Sumatra, Java ndi Borneo.
Nyambazi sizipanga zisa kuti zizipuma, chifukwa zimasiyana ndi anyani akuluakulu. Alibe michira, ndipo amasunthira mwachangu kwambiri ndikusilira korona wamitengo. Zimagunda mamitala 15 kudzera mumlengalenga, kudumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi. Komanso, liwiro lawo limatha kufika 55 km / h. Kuchokera pamalo omwe amatha kupanga kudumpha, kutalika kwake komwe kumafikira 8 metres. Zimayenda bwino pamiyendo iwiri ndipo zimatengedwa kuti ndizothamanga kwambiri kuposa zolengedwa zonse zomwe zimakhala korona zamitengo.
Munthambo zam'mphepete zoterezi, kutsogolo kwa miyendoyo ndizitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, komwe kumawalola kuyenda mwachangu mu korona zamitengo, kugwirana m'manja. Zithunzi zakumaso kwanu zili kutali kwambiri ndi zala zina zonse. Izi zimapereka tanthauzo labwino. Ma Giboni ali ndi maso akulu ndi zazifupi. Matumba a Throat omwe amapereka mawu okweza amapangidwa bwino.
Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana masentimita 48 mpaka 92. Kulemera kumachokera ku 5 mpaka 13 kg. Pali chimanga cha sayansi. Ubweya ndi wandiweyani. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana kuyambira bulauni mpaka bulauni. Nthawi zina mtundu umakhala wakuda kapena wa imvi. Mitundu yoyera ndi yoyera ndiyosowa kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwona nyani yoyera.
Kubalana komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo
Izi primates amapanga awiriawiri. Nthawi zambiri, kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zilizonse, zazikazi zimabereka ana. Monga lamulo, mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa. Mapasa ndi osowa kwambiri. Mwana wakhanda nthawi yomweyo amamatira ku tsitsi la mayiyo, ndipo amayenda naye. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga zaka ziwiri. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka 8. Kutchire, ma giboni amakhala pafupifupi zaka 25. Zoos amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anyani amapanga magulu awiriawiri achikondi, monganso anthu. Chifukwa chake, m'malo osungira nyama nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kukakamiza wamwamuna ndi wamkazi kukwatirana, chifukwa samamvetsana.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Monga tanena kale, banjali limaphatikizapo 4 genera. izo gibbon weniweni, siamang, nomascus ndi hulok . Mitundu yoyamba ndi mtundu wa majas ndi amodzi ambiri. Mwa iwo muli mitundu 7. Siamangs zimayimilidwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, ndi ma hulok awiri. Khalidwe ndi zomwe anyaniwa amachita. Nyama zonsezi ndizamtunda. Mfundo yoti katundu amatanganidwa imanenedwa mofuula kwambiri. Imatha kumveka pamtunda wa makilomita angapo.
Nyani amayenda mwachangu pakati pa nthambi, koma nthawi zina amasweka kapena mkono umayenda. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti aliyense m'banjamo amathyola mafupa kangapo pamoyo wake. Anyani akuluakulu amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, ndipo achinyamata amakhala ndi makolo awo mpaka zaka 8. Kenako anyamata ndi achichepere amachoka ndipo kwakanthawi amakhala okhaokha kufikira atapeza bwenzi lawo. Nthawi zina zimatenga zaka 2-3 kupeza mnzake. Nthawi zambiri makolo amathandizira ana awo kusankha paokha. Ngati pali imodzi, ndiye kuti zimakhala zosavuta kupeza mnzake kapena mnzake m'moyo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi makamaka chimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba. Izi ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi masamba. Mazira a mbalame, tating'ono ting'onoting'ono, tizilombo timadyanso. Mitundu yambiri yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndipo ili pangozi. Cholinga chachikulu cha izi ndikuchepetsa kwa nkhalango. Ndiye kuti, malo achilengedwe amtundu wa anthu amawonongeka, zomwe zimatsogolera kuchepa kwa chiwerengero.
Anyani okha amiseche omwe amakhala m'mabanja ogwirizana.
Kuchulukitsa
Kuchulukitsa
Dzina lachi Russia - Gibbon wakuda wokhala ndi zida, gibbon wachangu
Dzina lachi Latin - Zophatikiza ndi agilis
Chizungu - Agile gibbo
Gulu - Mammals (Mammalia)
Kufikira - Mapulogalamu
Banja - Gibbon, kapena anyani ang'ono (Hylobatidae)
Chifundo - Magulu enieni
Mawonekedwe
Agiboni ndi anyani akale, ndi nyani wocheperako komanso wokongola, ali ndi manja ndi miyendo yayitali. Chizindikiro pa ma gibbons onse ndi kutalika kwa miyendo: mikono yawo ndi yayitali kuposa miyendo yawo. Izi zimawathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yotchedwa brachiation. Brachiation ndi kayendedwe kazikongoletso za mitengo kokha mothandizidwa ndi manja, pomwe nyamayo imaponyera thupi kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, ngati mpweya. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, nyamazo zimasunthira pansi kwambiri komanso panthambi zambiri ndipo zimachita izi pamaso pa chithandizo chilichonse chomwe mungathe kuchigwira.
Agibeoni ndi anyani akuluakulu, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 45 - 64 cm, kutalika kwake pafupifupi 6 kg. Mosiyana ndi anyani akuluakulu, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi abambo ogonetsa thupi pakukula, thupi ndi zazimuna zazimphona pafupifupi sizimasiyana.
Mtundu wa chovalachi umakhala mosiyanasiyana, koma amuna ndi akazi onse amakhala osiyana. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira komanso yofiirira yofiirira kapena yotuwa, yofiirira, yofiirira, yakuda. Amuna amakhala ndi masaya oyera ndi nsidze, zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira. Utoto wa chovalacho, makamaka nkhope, umapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yosavuta kusiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina imazindikira mtundu wawo.
Sunthani korona zamitengo mothandizidwa ndi manja
Sunthani korona zamitengo mothandizidwa ndi manja
Sunthani korona zamitengo mothandizidwa ndi manja
Sunthani korona zamitengo mothandizidwa ndi manja
Sunthani korona zamitengo mothandizidwa ndi manja
Sunthani korona zamitengo mothandizidwa ndi manja
Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu
Ma Giboni ndi nyama zapatsiku. Amayenda m'mitengo ya mitengo pogwiritsa ntchito brachiation, kuyenda pansi ndikuyenda, pomwe nyani anyaniyo akukweza mikono yawo mmbali ndikuwakweza.
Ma giboni ndi oopsa. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ana nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo laling'ono lotetezedwa ndi iwo. Gulu la banja lili ndi banja lobereketsa komanso ana awiri. Zinyama zomwe zakula zikasiya gulu la makolo awo zikafika zaka 2-3, zimakhala zokha kwakanthawi mpaka zikapeza mnzake ndikugawira magawo awo.
Ma giboni onse ndi a malo okha, ndiye kuti, ali ndi gawo kapena gawo la gawo lomwe limawateteza kuti asatengeke ndi anthu ena. Dera lokwanira gawo la mabanja lili pafupifupi mahekitala 34. M'malire a gawo lino amatchedwa "gibbons" mwa "kuimba", komwe kumamveka kwa makilomita angapo.
Achichepere achichepere okhwima pofika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, nthawi yomweyo kulumikizana kwawo kumayamba - kwaubwenzi kapena mwamtopola - ndi anzako ndi amuna akuluakulu. Kusamvana ndi abambo akuluakulu kumathandiza kuti nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono zizipatukana ndi gulu. Izi zimachitika pazaka pafupifupi 8. Amuna achichepere samalumikizana ndi akazi achikulire konse. Amuna achichepere nthawi zambiri amayimba yekha, kuyesa kukopa chachikazi chomwe chikuyang'ana, akungoyenda m'nkhalango. Komabe, ana amuna ndi akazi amatha kukhala ndi makolo awo kwanthawi yayitali.
Kubala komanso chikhalidwe cha makolo
Kuberekanso sikwakanthawi. Pambuyo pa masiku 230-240 oyembekezera, mwana mmodzi amabadwa. M'mabanja akuluakulu, mwana wa ng'ombe mmodzi amabadwa nthawi iliyonse ya zaka ziwiri zilizonse, chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, nyama ziwiri zosaphatikizika zimapezeka m'gulu la mabanja.
Kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira za moyo, mwana wa ng'ombe amakhala pa mayi ake mwamphamvu ndipo samasiyira tsitsi lake ngakhale atangodumphira kunthambi kupita ku nthambi. Pazaka 1.5 - 2, makilogalamu amatsika kuchokera kwa mzimayi nthawi yopuma ndikugona pafupi naye. Mwana amamuyamwa amayi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kenako pang'onopang'ono amayamba kulawa chakudya cha akuluakulu, koma nthawi yomweyo akupitilira kuyamwa mayi. Pa miyezi 10 mpaka 11, amasinthana ndi zakudya za achikulire ndipo sakugwiritsanso kwa amayi ake.
Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali polera ana.
Vocalization
Khalidwe lomwe likuwoneka bwino komanso lamagetsi kwambiri pamatenda a gibbons ndikuyimba. Nthawi zambiri, mabanja akuluakulu amayimba, koma achichepere, akaphunzira bwino ntchito zawo, nawonso amayimba nawo kwaya. Nyimbo za Gibbon mwina ndi nyimbo zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kumveka m'nkhalango zotentha za Asia. Nyimbo zovuta zimachitidwa ndi amuna ndi akazi, atakhala pamwamba pa mitengo, ndipo mawu awa akumveka m'nkhalomo patali kwamakilomita angapo. Chochititsa chidwi, chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimayimba nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.
Solo yamphongo imakonda kumveka dzuwa lisanatuluke; imatha mbandakucha. Nyimboyi imayamba ndikutulutsa timapepala tofewa tambiri, pang'onopang'ono timayamba kuwonjezeka. Gawo lomaliza la nyimbo limakhala lotalikirapo kuposa gawo loyamba ndipo lili ndi zolemba pafupifupi kawiri. Kuimba koteroko kumatha kukhala mphindi 30 mpaka 40.
Kodi ntchito ya nyimbo za gibbon ndiyotani? Choyamba, ndi chenjezo kwa anthu ena a m'gululi momwe akukhalira. Kukula kwa kuyimba kwa amuna kumatengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, komanso kuchuluka kwa anyamata achichepere omwe akufuna anzawo. Akatswiri ambiri ophikira zinyama amakhulupirira kuti cholinga chachikulu choimbira ndikuteteza bwenzi lawo kuti lisakhudzidwe ndi amuna amphongo. Amuna abanja amayimba nyimbo nthawi zambiri, mozungulira amuna osokoneza banja omwe amawopseza banja. M'malo amenewo momwe chiwerengero cha amuna amodzi ndi chochepa kwambiri, amuna am'banja samayimba konse.
Mbiri ya Moyo ku Zoo
Ma giboni okhala ndi zida zakuda akhala akusungidwa ku Moscow Zoo kuyambira 1998. Ntchito yosamalira ndi kuswana imachitidwa ngati gawo la Pan-European Program for Conservation and Breeding of Rare and Endangered Species (EEP).
Izi zisanachitike, tinali ndi anyamata angapo ochititsa chidwi komanso okulirapo akuda (maholide a Hylobates). Koma kuyimba kwawo kokongola ndi kwamphamvu sikunakonde gawo la okhala nyumba zoyandikana. Zinaopseza moyo ndi thanzi la ziweto zathu. Chifukwa chake, ma giboni akuda adatumizidwa ku International Gibbon Center ku California.
Ma giboni osungirako zachilengedwe amalandila zipatso, masamba, nthambi zobiriwira, mazira, tchizi.
Gibbon wakuda yemwe ali ndi zida zakuda amatha kuwoneka pa bulu wa Monkey.
Mu chithunzi cha Oscar Sanicidro, tikuwona nkhalango yofunda, youma pa Iberian Peninsula zaka 11.6 miliyoni zapitazo (theka lachiwiri). Akukhala pa nthambi - amangosintha Miocene. Ma halicoterias amadya pansi m'nkhalango Phyllotillon - zitsamba zamtendere, zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, zikuwoneka ngati hatchi yolemera pamphepete mwa gorilla, m'malo mwa zala zake ngati mbala - zimapinda nthambi zamitengo pansi. Ndipo pa chithunzi chotsatira mutha kuona deinotherium ngati njovu Deinotherium giganteum - nyama yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wa Sushi
Kufikira kutalika kwa 4-5,5 m, deinotherium inali ndi nyali yopendekera kuposa njovu, khosi lam'manja komanso thunthu lalifupi komanso lofooka, ndipo nsonga zake zimakula kuchokera pansi, osati chibwano chapamwamba. Mu theka la milandu sizikuwonetsa zisonyezo zokopa - mwina adagwiritsa ntchito masisiti kungodula nthambi za mitengo, kenako nkudya masamba mwakachetechete - kuweruza ndi mano, anadya zakudya zofewa kuposa njovu zamakono - amadya nthambi, koma mawonekedwe ake salola amakayikira deinotherium potula udzu kapena kudya algae. Mu thupi lake, mawonekedwe a makolo akale a njovu ndi manatees adasungidwa.
Kumanzere kwa deinotherium, pheasant akuchokapo Miophasianus altus , kumanzere ndipo pansi pake iye pali mbawala yobisala kumbuyo kwa mitengo ikuwoneka Euprox furcatus , ndikukumbukira za phiri lamakono, ndipo pansipa, pa chipika - nyama yodya Trocharion albanense kuchokera ku banja la ofera. Pamapeto omaliza a ulendowu, tating'ono ta mtundu wa musk tinali tcheru. Micromeryx ndi nkhumba pansipa Listriodon ukuwala . Wotchera khutu kwambiri atha kupanga pansi pa fern turtle yamuyaya. Chiwombankhanga chakale chodumphadumpha kumwamba Akula edwardsi Ndipo pansanja yakumanja kumanja kwake kumakhala chopereka. Nyama zonse izi ndizosiyana ndi zamakono, zokhudzana ndi mitundu komanso majini sizimasiyana motere: mu Miocene (imawoneka nthawi yoyamba ya nthawi yathu ya Neogene) panali nyama zomwe timazidziwa bwino monga nkhumba , ngamila, ma jerboas - makamaka kwa gawo lomwe linali ena nkhumba ndi jerboas.
Mapulogalamu sikuti ndi osiyana - kunalibe mtundu wa anthu Padziko lapansi, koma anyani akale a humanoid analipo. M'malo obisika patsambalo lomweli, pakati pa zotsalira za zinthu zomwe zasonyezedwa pazithunzi zakumwambazo, mafupa a nyani wopima mphaka adapezeka, akuphatikiza zizindikiritso za zoweta ndi ma gibboni. Kupeza kunayitanidwa Pliobates cataloniae , ndipo adatcha Eulalia polemekeza wopatulira woyang'anira waku Barcelona.
Ayi, olemu Eulalia sanali makolo athu wamba okhala ndi ma gibboni - panthawiyi mizere yathu yazachisinthiko inali itagawika kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kwinakwake ku Africa, ma Homin obala osawoneka bwino anali kuchoka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku mitengo ya kanjedza. M'malo mwake, chidali chopulumuka m'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi, kumadzulo kwa Eurasia, mbadwa yosinthika pang'ono ya kholo lakale lomwelo, kutipangitsa kuti timvetse tanthauzo lake. Ngakhale mawonekedwe okongola a zonse zamkati mkati, kunja komanso, mwachiwonekere, plyobate wachilengedwe, Eulalia amawoneka ngati ma gibbons, ngakhale sanakhale apadera - manja ake sanali amphamvu komanso amphamvu (mu magiboni amtali kuposa thupi), ndipo manja alibe zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Gibbon yamakono imatha kudumpha pakati pa mitengo mwachangu makilomita 50 / h, kudumpha mita khumi, kholo lathu wamba idachita pang'onopang'ono osati modabwitsa. Pomwe tidangoyenda kuchokera ku chimfine chodulira kupita ku iPhone, ma gibboni sanataye nthawi komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso la kubera - ili ndi dzina lanjira iyi yosunthira manja pansi pa nthambi - komanso gibbonism.
Ndipo tiyenera kuyang'ana ma gibboni oyengedwa amtsogolo awa, kuchokera ku malingaliro a Eulalia, monga momwe tayang'aniranapo, ndi anyani - kuti titha kutsegula pang'ono chophimba cha m'mbuyo ndipo, mwina, timvetsetse zina za ife.
Chifukwa chake, ma giboni. Komanso hulok ndi nomascuses. Woyambirira kwambiri wa anyani. Okhala mitengo mwapadera, modabwitsa mayendedwe awo, omwe samapezeka mwa nyama zina zilizonse - pansi pa nthambi mothandizidwa ndi dzanja limodzi molingana ndi mfundo ya pendulum. Kuchokera kwa makolo athu akale tidalumikizana modabwitsa mapewa ndi miyendo itatu yathunthu ya ufulu ndi kuzungulira.
Ndiponso - adagwira mawonekedwe owongoka. Kutalika kwa manja a gibbon ndiwakuti sangathe kuyenda pang'ono konse - ngakhale ali mokhazikika, manja awo amagwira pansi. Chifukwa chake, pansi amayenda ndi miyendo iwiri, osasunthika ndi manja otambasuka, ngati woyenda mwamphamvu ndi mtengo. Mwanjira imodzimodziyo iwo amatha kuyenda munthambi yopingasa.Ma ma hominids omwe atsikira kudziko lapansi - anyani, gorilla - amene manja ake ali afupikitsa, safuna malo oterowo, koma amakhalabe olimba mtima ndi miyendo iwiri kuposa ma macaque. Kuwongola sikunafunso kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa kachitidwe ka minofu ndi mafupa kuchokera kwa makolo athu.
Masiku ano, ma giboni onse amakhala m'nkhalango za South ndi Southeast Asia, zomwe zikungocheperako chaka ndi chaka, kuchokera pamalo otsetsereka mpaka makilomita awiri kumtunda kwa nyanja, ndipo ndi ang'ono - kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 8.5 kg pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthambi zimayamba kuthyoka pansi pa nyani wamkulu, ndipo zimayenera kuchoka kuchokera ku kulumpha mochenjera kuti zikwere mosamala kapena kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali pansi - poyambirira, chisinthiko mwanjira ina chimangobweretsa orangutan, chachiwiri - kupita ku chimpanzee.
Samamanga zisa, m'malo mwake, amadziwa kupuma mokoma atakhala panthambi. Tidatenganso kuthekera uku - munthu amatha kugona osagwa, atakhala pamtengo. Ndipo ngakhale ife amene sitinakwerere mitengo m'miyoyo yathu nthawi zambiri sitimachita manyazi poganiza kuti titha kukakhala pashelefu yopanda matayala okwerera sitima.
Momwemonso kwa anthu, mano a gibboni ali ndi magulu a magazi a II, III, IV, koma palibe ine.
Ma giboni alibe nthawi yopitilira, nthawi yayitali amatha kubzala nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma samalandira zokongoletsa zamtunduwu ndewu zachimuna panthawiyi, m'malo mwake, chilengedwe chimakonda ma gibbons: amatenga mnzawo momwe angakonde. Wamphongo wamwamuna ndi wamkazi kumalo osungira nyama, omwe sanakonde wina ndi mnzake ndipo anapatsidwa chisankho, atha kukhalabe abwenzi moyo osasiya ana.
Agiboni omwe akukondana wina ndi mzake nthawi zambiri amakhala banja kwa moyo wonse, ndipo amakhala zachilengedwe kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu, ndipo kumalo osungira nyama amatha kufikira zaka makumi anayi. Gibbon yaikazi imabereka zaka ziwiri zilizonse kapena zitatu. M'moyo wake wonse, samabereka mopitilira khumi.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwana amadya mkaka, ndiye amakula kwa zaka zina zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo amakhala ndi makolo ake mpaka kutha msinkhu ndipo atangochokapo amachoka ndikusaka mnzake ndi malo ake pamoyo. Chifukwa cha banja nthawi imodzi nthawi zambiri ana amisinkhu iwiri kapena itatu, achikulire amathandizira kusamalira achichepere. Achibale amasamalirana wina ndi mnzake: amapukuta ubweya wawo, kukumbatira, kubweretsa chakudya kwa okalamba - zimachitika kuti wokalambayo amamenyedwera banja, monga lamulo, wamasiye kapena wamasiye yemwe sanapeze mnzake watsopano wamoyo, samamuyendetsa.
Mwana amakhala wakhanda nthawi zonse kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira za moyo amagwiritsika m'chiuno cha amayi, osangomuletsa. Ndi katundu wotere, njirayo imadumpha mosangalatsa. Kuyambira pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, abambo ake amayamba kuphunzira naye, amaphunzitsa kuyima pawokha, kenako machenjerero ena a moyo wa nyani. Nthawi zambiri makolo a msungwana wamkulu wa gibbonchik adamupangira iye gawo loyandikana ndi nkhalangoyi. Ngati makolo sanathetse vuto la nyumba kwa achichepere - ziwembu zonse zoyandikana - amatenga banjali kukhwima ndipo amatha kuyendayenda m'nkhalangomo kwa zaka zingapo, mothandizana ndi anyamata omwewo mpaka atakumana ndi chikondi ndi kukhazikika ndi iye mwaulere.
Ma Giboni ndi okoma mtima komanso osagwirizana, mu ukapolo amatha kukumana mosavuta ndi oimira mitundu ina, amawazolowera mwachangu kwa munthu ndipo amatha kuvutikira ndi masewera oopsa, koma osati aukali.
Mikangano yambiri pakati pawo imachepetsa kuti ateteze malire a mabanja, koma nawonso, ma giboni amakonda kusamenyana komanso osawopseza wina ndi mnzake, koma kungonena za ufulu wawo mwa nyimbo. Ma giboni sakuwaimba likhweru, osasilira - amaimba mlingaliro laumunthu m'mawu angwiro, ngakhale opanda mawu. Anatomatic, iwo amawongolera mawu awo chimodzimodzi monga oyimba a anthu.
Mwambiri, ma gibboni amakonda kwambiri kuimba: yekha, mu duet, mu nyimbo. M'mawa uliwonse banja la gibbon limakumana nthawi zonse ndi vuto loimba lamatsenga, banja lililonse, ndipo pokhapokha amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Magulu a achinyamata ochita zachiwerewere amapanga nyimbo zokopa kuti akope abwenzi. Banja lokondana limapeza banja itatha nthawi yayitali ya masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso chibwenzi.
Magulu awiri aliwonse amapanga nyimbo yawoyawo, yomwe amayimba limodzi. Mlandu unalembedwa pomwe gibbon wachikazi wokhala ndi zida zankhondo yoyenda bwino m'nkhalango ya Southeast Thailand pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mwamunayo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi sanachite gawo lake lokha m'mawa (imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20), komanso yamphongo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba kumapeto kwa gawo la mkazi kuyimba.
Kuphatikiza pamabwalo amtunda, nyimbo za gibbon zimathandizira kulumikizana: anyani omwe amatsogoza moyo wawo womwe amawoneka kuti ali patali amalumikizana ndi abale omwe amakhala pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera kwa iwo. Kulankhulana kwathunthu - ma giboni amagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kwa mawu osakanikirana, ophatikizidwa m'mawu athunthu kuti apereke kwa achibale a mauthenga omwe ali ndi matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchenjeza za ngozi. Nkhani zakuwonekera kwa feline yayikulu, njoka kapena mbalame zamiyala imamveka mosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, ma alarm amapangidwira banja, koma ma gibboni oyandikana nawo amawayankha, amapereka chitsimikizo cha mtundu wa "anazindikira: wolosera" ndikuwupititsa patsogolo, ndikupanga gulu la mauthenga osamutsa. Mauthenga samangokhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza mawonekedwe a mdani komanso za yemwe ali, komanso komwe akuchokera.
Ziphuphu zimathawa mosavuta kwa adani, chinthu chachikulu kuzindikira nthawi. Ngozi yayikulu imawaopseza kuchokera kumlengalenga - kuchokera kwa mbalame zodya nyama - komanso nthawi yogona kuchokera ku njoka ndi nyalugwe. Olemera komanso otsika kuchokera pamitengo kupita pansi, Wachiafrika (ndiko kuti, orangutan, mwa njira ya moyo, m'njira zambiri anakhalabe wopitilira gibbon) nthambi yankhokwe idakakamizidwa kuti iwonjezere kukula, kuchita ukali ndi mphamvu, kugwirizanitsa m'magulu omwe amatha kuchita ndikuthana ndi mdani wathunthu , zomwe zikutanthauza kusintha kusasiyana pakati pa mabanja ndi kusasamala kuti zikhale zovuta kukhala ndi gulu lantchito komanso chilichonse chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha izi. Mu "kuthekera kozama kwa chikhalidwe" mwa munthu sikuli nyani imodzi, koma zingapo zingapo.
Kudzimva kwa ubweya, chinyengo, nkhanza, kukonda mphamvu, kudziletsa - zonsezi zidadza kwa ife kuchokera kwa makolo akale, ndipo popanda izi zomwe mitundu yathu yakale sikadapulumuka, tikadakhala kuti ndife - anthu. Koma nthawi yomweyo, chikondi ndi kukhulupirika, kulemekezana komanso kukopa nyimbo, kufunafuna ufulu wodziyimira pawokha komanso malo ake sizinthu zamasiku ano, ndizophatikizanso komanso zachilengedwe. Ndiye tili kuti? Tonse ndife, :)
Zipangizo zaposachedwa mgawoli:
Mwina ndizovuta kwa munthu wamakono kuti aziganiza kuti ku Far North kuli anthu omwe asungitsa zakale zawo mpaka pano.
Beluga ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri ya banja la sturgeon, wokhala m'madzi a Caspian, Black ndi Azov ndipo akufuna kuyambitsa mitsinje yapafupi. At.
Mphatso ya wochita nawo mwayi kuchokera kwa mayi wachichepere wa ku Bulgaria Vangelia Pandeva Gushterova, nee Dimitrova, yemwe pambuyo pake amatchedwa Vanga, adawonetsedwa.
Zolemba zonse zomwe zimapezeka patsamba lino ndizongodziwa zambiri.
Gibbon
Gibbon - Ichi ndi chocheperako, koma chokongola komanso chinyengo chochokera ku banja la Gibbon. Banja limaphatikiza pafupifupi mitundu 16 ya anyani. Iliyonse ya mitunduyi imakhala yosiyana ndi momwe imakhalira, chakudya, komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mtundu wa mbewa uyu ndiwosangalatsa kuonera, popeza ndi nyama zosangalatsa komanso zoseketsa. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya ma gibbon ndiyothandizana ndi anthu, osati kokha pachibale ndi abale awo, komanso pokhudzana ndi oimira amitundu ina, kwa anthu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ukuluwu umawonetsa kukonzekera kuyankhulana komanso mwaubwenzi potsegula pakamwa komanso kukweza ngodya zake. Chifukwa chake, chithunzi cha kumwetulira kovomerezeka chimapangidwa.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Ma giboni ali m'gulu la nyama zomwe sizimakonda, zolengedwa, zolengedwa zoyambira, ndipo gulu lankhondo la Gibbon limagawidwa mkalasi. Mpaka pano, komwe magiyoni amayambira amaphunziridwa pang'ono ndi asayansi poyerekeza ndi chiyambi ndi mitundu ina ya anyani.
Zinthu zakale zomwe zapezeka zimawonetsa kuti zinalipo kale mu Pliocene. Wakale wakale wa gibbon amakono anali yuanmopithecus, omwe analiko kumwera kwa China pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Ndi makolo awa amaphatikizidwa chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi moyo wawo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe a nsagwada sanasinthebe kwambiri m'mayikidwe amakono.
Kodi gibbon amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gibbon m'chilengedwe
Oimira osiyanasiyana amtunduwu ali ndi malo osiyana:
Ziphuphu zimatha kumva bwino m'malo alionse. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'malo obiriwira mvula. Nditha kukhala m'nkhalango zowuma. Mabanja a anyaniwa amakhala m'mapiri, m'mapiri kapena m'mapiri. Pali anthu omwe amatha kukwera mpaka mamita 2000 pamwamba pamadzi.
Banja lililonse la anyani limakhala m'gawo linalake. Dera lokhalidwa ndi banja limodzi limatha kufikira ma kilomita 200. Tsoka ilo, magonedwe asanakhaleko anali ofala kwambiri. Masiku ano, akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe amazindikira kupendekera kwapachaka kwa malo anyani. Chofunikira kuti mbewe zizigwira bwino ntchito yake ndi kukhalapo kwa mitengo yayitali.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe gibbon imakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi gibbon amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Monkey Gibbon
Ma giboni amatha kutchedwa kuti omnivorous, chifukwa amadya chakudya chazomera komanso nyama. Amasanthula mosamala gawo lomwe anthu amakhala kuti ali ndi chakudya chabwino. Chifukwa choti amakhala m'makutu a nkhalango zobiriwira, amatha kudzipatsa chakudya chaka chonse. M'malo otere, anyani amatha kupeza chakudya chawo pafupifupi chaka chonse.
Kuphatikiza pa zipatso ndi zipatso zakupsa, nyama zimafunikira gwero lamapuloteni - chakudya cha nyama. Monga chakudya choyambira nyama, ma giboni amadya mphutsi, tizilombo, kachilomboka, etc. Nthawi zina, amatha kudya mazira okhala ndi mbewa, omwe amapanga zisa zawo m'makona a mitengo yomwe anyaniwa amakhala.
Akuluakulu amapita kukafunafuna chakudya m'mawa kutacha kuchimbudzi. Samangodya zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena kusankha zipatso, amazisanja mosamala. Ngati chipatsochi sichinakhwime, ma gibboni amawasiya pamtengowo, nachipangitsa kuti chipse ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Zipatso ndi masamba a nyanizi zimatulidwa ndi kutsogolo, ngati manja.
Pafupifupi, pafupifupi maola 3-4 patsiku amaperekedwa kuti azisaka ndi kudya chakudya. Nyani samakonda kusankha zipatso zokha, komanso kutafuna chakudya. Pafupifupi, munthu m'modzi wamkulu amafunika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 3-4 a chakudya patsiku.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Ma Giboni ndi anyani akale. Usiku, nthawi zambiri amapuma, atagona pansi pamakona a mitengo ndi banja lonse.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nyama zimakhala ndi mtundu winawake watsiku ndi tsiku. Amatha kugawa nthawi yawo mwanjira yoti imagwera chakudya, kupuma, kukonza ubweya wa wina ndi mnzake, kubala ana ena, etc.
Mtundu wamtunduwu ungatchulidwe nkhuni. Samakonda kuyenda padziko lapansi. Kutsogolo kumatsogolera kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo kuti ikulowerere kwambiri. Kutalika kwa kudumpha kotereku kumafikira mamita atatu kapena kupitilira. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kwa anyaniwa ndi ma kilomita 14-16 pa ola limodzi.
Banja lililonse limakhala m'gawo linalake, lomwe limasungidwa ndi ziwalo zake. Kutacha, ma gibboni amakwera pamtengo ndikuimba nyimbo zopyoza kwambiri, zomwe ndi chizindikiro chakuti gawo lino lakhala kale, ndipo siliyenera kulowerera. Atanyamula, nyamazo zimadziyika zadongosolo, zimasamba machitidwe osamba.
Kupatula zosowa wamba, anthu osungulumwa amatha kutengedwa m'mabanja, omwe pazifukwa zina adataya theka, ndipo ana okhwima mwakugonana adadzilekanitsa okha ndikupanga mabanja awoawo. Nthawi ngati izi, atangoyamba kumene kutha, achinyamata sanasiye banja, m'badwo wachikulire umawathamangitsa mwamphamvu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti makolo ambiri achikulire amakhala m'malo otetezedwa omwe ana awo amakhazikika, amapanga mabanja.
Pambuyo poti anyani akhuta, amasangalala kupita kutchuthi kupita ku zisa zawo zomwe amakonda. Mmenemo amatha kugona osasunthika kwa maola ambiri, kugona pansi padzuwa. Atatha kudya ndi kupuma, nyama zimayamba kuyeretsa ubweya wawo, womwe umakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Gibbon Cub
Mwachilengedwe, ma giboni ndi oopsa. Ndipo ndizofala kupanga mabanja ndi kukhala m'moyo wawo ambiri. Amawerengedwa ngati makolo osamala komanso olemekeza komanso kulera ana awo mpaka atatha msinkhu, ndipo sanakonzekere kupangira banja lawo lomwe.
Chifukwa chakuti ma gibboni amafikira kutha msinkhu pazaka zapakati pa zisanu ndi zinayi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, mabanja awo amakhala ndi amuna ndi akazi osiyana siyana. Nthawi zina, nyani wachikulire, yemwe pazifukwa zina adatsala yekha, atha kulowa nawo mabanja.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, anyani akale amakhala osungulumwa chifukwa chakuti pazifukwa zina amataya anzawo, ndipo mtsogolomo sangathenso kupanga watsopano.
Nthawi yakukhwima siyikukonzedwa ku nthawi yachaka. Wamphongo, akafika zaka za pakati pa 7 ndi 7, amasankha mzimayi yemwe amasankha ku banja lina, ndikuyamba kuwonetsa chidwi kwa iye. Ngati amumveranso chisoni, ndipo ali wokonzeka kubereka, amapanga banja.
M'magulu awiriwiri opangidwa, zaka ziwiri zilizonse kapena zitatu, kubadwa mwana mmodzi. Nthawi ya bere imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Nthawi yodyetsa ana mkaka wa m'mawere imapitilira mpaka zaka ziwiri. Kenako pang'onopang'ono ana amaphunzira kudzipezera okha chakudya.
Amapiri ndi makolo osamala kwambiri. Kulera ana kumathandiza makolo kusamalira ana awo obadwa mpaka atakhala odziyimira pawokha. Atangobereka, makanda amamamatira kutsitsi la amayiwo ndikusunthira m'mitengo ya mitengo nayo. Makolo amalankhulana ndi ana awo kudzera pamawu omvera komanso owoneka. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi ma gibboni ndi zaka 24 mpaka 30.
Adani achilengedwe a gibbon
Chithunzi: Gibbon Wakale
Ngakhale kuti ma giboni ndi ochenjera komanso othamanga nyama, ndipo mwachilengedwe amapatsidwa kuthekera kokweza nsonga za mitengo yayitali, koma alibe mdani. Anthu ena omwe akukhala kumalo achilengedwe anyaniwa amawapha kuti apatse nyama kapena kuti azilowetsa ana awo. Chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa ozunza omwe amagwira ana a Gibbon kukukulira.
Chifukwa china chachikulu chakuchepa kwa nyama ndicho kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Madera akuluakulu a nkhalango zamvula amadulidwapo kuti mukalime, malo olima, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama zimataya nyumba ndi chakudya. Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, ma giboni amakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe.
Omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi ana komanso ngati anthu okalamba amadwala. Nthawi zambiri anyani amatha kuzunzidwa ndi akangaude owopsa ndi njoka kapena njoka, zomwe ndi zochulukirapo m'malo ena oyamba. M'madera ena, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa ma gibbons ndizosintha kwakukuru mu nyengo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi gibbon imawoneka bwanji?
Mpaka pano, ambiri mwaabanjawa amakhala m'magawo okhala zachilengedwe mokwanira. Komabe, gibbons ku Belorussia amawonedwa kuti ali pafupi kutha. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama ya nyamazi amadyedwa m'maiko ambiri. Nthawi zambiri ma giboni amakhala ngati agwidwa ndi adani akuluakulu komanso achikulire.
Mafuko ambiri omwe akukhala kudera la Africa amaligwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zam'magazi monga zida zopangira, pamaziko omwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana amapangidwira. Makamaka pachimake ndi funso loti lisungitse kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.
Mu 1975, akatswiri a zachilengedwe adalemba nyama izi. Panthawiyo, chiwerengero chawo chinali pafupifupi 4 miliyoni. Kudula mitengo kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe zotentha kumabweretsa kuti chaka chilichonse anthu opitilira 3,000 amawonongedwa nyumba ndi chakudya. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale masiku ano akatswiri a zojambula zamadzimadzi amati mitundu inayi yamapulogalamuyi amadetsa nkhawa chifukwa cha kuchuluka komweko. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi ntchito za anthu.
Alonda a Gibbon
Chithunzi: Gibbon kuchokera ku Red Book
Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya ma gibboni atatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa, alembedwa mu Red Book, apatsidwa udindo wokhala "zolengedwa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, kapena mtundu womwe ukuopseza kutha".
Mitundu yazakale yomwe yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira
- Ziphuphu zaku Belorussia
- Kloss Gibbon,
- giboni wa siliva,
- giboni wokhala ndi zida za sulufule.
Bungwe la International Association for the Protection of Animal likupanga njira zingapo zomwe, m'malingaliro awo, zithandizira kukonza ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu. M'malo ambiri okhalamo nyama izi ndizoletsedwa kudula mitengo.
Oimira ambiri omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutengedwa amapititsidwa kumalo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo osungirako nyama, komwe akatswiri azinyama amayesera kupanga malo abwino kwambiri komanso ovomerezeka kukhalapo kwa anyani. Komabe, zovuta zimakhala kuti ma giboni amasamala kwambiri posankha abwenzi. M'machitidwe opangidwa mwaluso, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubereka kubevutike kwambiri.
M'mayiko ena, makamaka ku Indonesia, ma giboni amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama zopambana zomwe zimabweretsa zabwino ndikuwonetsa kupambana. Anthu akumderalo amasamala kwambiri nyamazo ndipo m'njira iliyonse angathe kuyesetsa kuti asasokoneze.
Gibbon - nyama yanzeru komanso yokongola. Ndiwopereka zitsanzo zabwino komanso makolo. Komabe, chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu, mitundu ina ya ma giboni yatsala pang'ono kutha. Masiku ano, anthu akuyesetsa kuchita zinthu zingapo poyesa kupulumutsa anyani amenewa.