Pali zambiri mbalame, ena mwa iwo kusankha malo ena chachilendo ku maganizo a munthu monga malo awo. Mwachitsanzo, zithaphwi. Zingatanthauze kuti pali dambo, chinyezi, ngozi ndi utsi poizoni. Komabe, mbalame omasuka ndithu. Tikupereka timudziwe bwino dambo mbalame, kupeza mfundo zosangalatsa za maonekedwe ndi moyo.

Mafotokozedwe ambiri

Aliyense mtundu uli ndi zina zimagwirira dziphunzitsiranso kuti thandizo kupulumuka mu mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri chithaphwi mbalame ndi miyendo yaitali, milomoyo yeniyeni kuti kuwalola kuti chakudya (mwachitsanzo, bittern ndi snipe - eni milomoyo woonda yaitali). Ena mitundu, monga abakha, ndi waterfowl, amene amawathandiza kupulumuka. Kenako, timudziwe bwino mbalame zina zambiri.

Kufalitsa

Pang'ono kusamukira pang'ono anakakhala view. Kufalitsidwa ku Europe ndi ku Asia ndi South Africa. Ku Ulaya, ambiri mwa M'madera a zitunda pakati. Amathera yozizira ku madzulo a ku Ulaya ndi ku Mediterranean. Mitundu mu zokhudza madera dazeni la Italy, anthu ali awiriawiri 40-60.

Nthawi iliyonse chaka, bittern wakonda m'madera lonyowa pafupi Madamu madzi abwino, nthawi zina angathe kuthetsa madzi pafupi ndi okhutira otsika mchere, koma Mulimonsemo atazungulira m'nkhalango zowirira za bango, cattail ndi zinthu zina.

Biology

Kudzipereka kuti m'gawo lake momveka bwino chionetsedwe. Timalimbitsa chisa lalikulu mabango. Mu April-May, kawirikawiri 5-6 mazira anaika, amene amawaumbatira wamkazi masiku 25-26. Pa zaka masabata 7-8, mbalame wamng'ono anayamba kuwuluka. Pali ana imodzi mu chaka. Nthawi bittern mitala si zachilendo. Izo ntchentche monyinyirika pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, otsika pamwamba pansi. Izo wakudya nsomba, achule ndi tizilombo, kuwonjezera, abuluzi, nkhanu, mbalame zazing'ono ndi nyama.

The bittern amapereka ake pamaso mwazibisa ndi kukuwa mokweza, mofanana ndi mooing kuzimiririka, kumveka pa mtunda wa makilomita awiri. Chifukwa makhalidwe a nthenga ndi ntchito madzulo, nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi akadzidzi mphungu. Masana, motionlessly wakhala pansi ku chithaphwi zomera, ngati n'koyenera, poganiza khalidwe mimetic malo, ndi khosi ndi mlomo anawonjezera m'mwamba.

Land reclamation ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe achititsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha bitterns pa ambiri osiyanasiyana.

Kufotokozera

Snipe ndi ochepa sandpiper kukula kwa starling (kutalika thupi mpaka 28 cm), thupi kwa 90-200 g. Iwo wakudya makamaka likadzafika, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ntchentche masana. Mlomo yaitali kwambiri, molunjika, miyendo yake ndi yaifupi. maso lalikulu, ankatembenukira kumbuyo kwa mutu. Ndithu mbalame onse, ndi pa ndege, kawirikawiri u nkhosa, koma nthawi zambiri ntchentche palokha, kulumikiza mu magulu yekha pa kudya. Chotero kuphatikiza pa kudyetsa alenje amatchedwa "totupa."

Snipe makamaka madzulo, ndipo pang'ono usiku. Iwo anali mobisa pansi. Kawirikawiri ntchentche kuchokera pansi pa mapazi ndi khalidwe quacking phokoso. ndege yatsala kwambiri, zosiyanasiyana, yodziwika ndi mofulumira yokhotakhota ndege. Nthawi zambiri, ku kutalika kwambiri, mwala limalephera n'kufika dambo ku mfundo osankhidwa.

Pa nthawi imene kutenga wolemera snipe limatulutsa lakuthwa "zhech", pakubwezeretsa uku, kupanga ankasinthana zosayembekezereka, pansi - phokoso achilendo a "Suntuke-ke-Suntuke-ke-Suntuke-ke". Mosiyana ndi dzenje, kukula n'chochepa, mchira zili zofiira, ndi pamimba ndi zoyera. Kuchokera snipe Asian patali ndi osiyana.

Nature anakhala ndi

Anapita kukagwira. Mu April, snipe kufika oyambirira atangomva chisanu Mwamsanga mu zithaphwi. Kum'mwera kwa Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan ndi Turkmenistan kuwonekera oyambirira March, mu Ukraine ndi Belarus - kumapeto March, ndi m'dera Moscow - oyambirira April, pa Kama - kumapeto April, mu Titafika pamalo Timan ndi pafupi Yakutsk - m'ma May, pa Indigirke - kumapeto kwa May. Mbalame kuuluka ndekha usiku, simukulankhulanso imalira lakuthwa za "Titafika pamalo" pa chiyambi cha ndege. Mbalame kuuluka makamaka usiku, masana sizipumula ndi chakudya. Amauluka yekha magulu a mbalame angapo ndipo nkhosa. Kamakhala m'madera m'madambo ndi shrubby zomera ndi popanda izo. Wokhala madzi oyera lotseguka kapena brackish matupi madzi ndi zomera m'mphepete mwa nyanja wandiweyani, interspersed ndi mudbanks. Mu nthawi kukaikira mazira, limayesetsa kutsatira sedge m'madera bog mu floodplains ndi watersheds. Pasanathe ambiri, snipe zisa meadows lonyowa hummocks ndi limodzi silty kugombe la madona akale.

Kuswana

Snipe - monogamous, ndipamene awiriawiri zonse nyengo kuswana. Posachedwapa pa kufika, amuna kuyamba kuyenda. Pa ndege panopa, ntchentche mwamuna mabwalo m'malo m'mwamba, kuk pansi nthawi. Pamene "kugwa", mchira wotambasula ndi mapiko, kugaŵa mpweya ndi akututuma, zimatulutsa khalidwe rattling phokoso, amatikumbutsa kulira kwa tiana ta nkhosa. A anakakhala amathamanga wamwamuna mu malo omwewo. Patapita kanthawi, mkazi akulowa iye ndi mitundu awiri, amene chikupitiriza mu nyengo kuswana.

Njoka makamaka yogwira m'mawa ndi madzulo mu mitambo kapena mitambo nyengo ndi mvula variable. Nthawi zina utuluke mwamuna pansi: iye anakhala pa kugundana ndi limatulutsa ndi sonorous "Mafunso Chongani, mudzichonga, mudzichonga".

Limodzi ndi chachikazi chinkhoswe mu chisa dongosolo ndi makulitsidwe, ndi magawo mwamuna kusamalira anapiye naye. Chisa nthawi anaika pa kugundana ndi akuimira recess alimbane ndi zimayambira youma udzu. Mu zowalamulira zonse 4 (nthawizina 5) yellowish- kapena maolivi zofiirira ndi mdima, zofiirira ndi imvi mawanga peyala-mphako mazira. Kuswa kumatenga masiku 18-22.

Mawonekedwe

Mlomo yaitali. M'litali ukufika 7.5-12 cm. amuna, ndi mulomo penapake wamfupi kusiyana akazi. Mu nyengo mating, ndi mulomo ali ndi mdima mtundu ndi maziko chikasu kapena lalanje-chikasu. M'nyengo yozizira, m'munsi ndi pinki. Miyendo yaitali, mdima imvi, zakuda kapena zofiirira. Mutu zazing'ono, ang'ono kumanga. Wapakati kutalika kwa thupi ndi 42 cm. Ukufika wingspan 70-80 cm. Zibambo kulemera 280 ga pafupifupi kulemera lolingana kwa akazi ndi 340 g. Akazi 5% lalikulu kuposa amuna. Ndipo milomo yawo ndi 12-15% yaitali.

Mu nyengo mating, mutu, khosi ndi chapamwamba pachifuwa ndi dzimbiri wofiira. Pa nsana, ndi nthenga ndi woderapo ndi mawanga ofiira ndi kuwala mottles wofiira. Nthenga nthenga woderapo ndi maziko woyera. Mchira ndi wakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, chifuwa ali yunifolomu imvi bulauni mtundu. Nthawi zambiri, nthenga amuna ali mitundu kwambiri yowutsa mudyo poyerekeza ndi akazi.

Khalidwe ndi Zakudya

Oimira mitundu chakudya m'madzi ndi dziko. Mu nyengo kuswana, kafadala, akangaude, ntchentche, mbozi dragonflies, annelids, mollusks, ziwala kudya. Iwo kudya nsomba, caviar, achule, tadpoles. Pa nthawi imene kusamuka, iwo kudya zipatso, mbewu, ndi mbewu mpunga. Mu madzi, kudya ikuchitika mu madzi osaya. godwitters Large kulowa m'madzi ndi kuyang'ana nyama padziko madzi kapena m'nthaka matope. Pankhaniyi, iwo akhoza kwathunthu kumiza mitu yawo madzi. Pa dziko, chakudya ndi kuwapeza pamwamba kapena mulomo ndi kumizidwa mu nthaka. Mlomo woomba akhoza kukhala amphamvu kwambiri - maulendo 36 pa mphindi. Mbalame zambiri kudyetsa gulu lalikulu.

Conservation udindo

mtundu uli 3 subspecies. Onsewo ndi zinthu za kusaka. Pakali pano, dambo sandpiper kapena Ulendo Wautali lalikulu ali ndi udindo pafupi kuopsezedwa ndi kuchepetsa malo achilengedwe. Chiwerengero cha mbalame izi mu dziko ili pafupi 800 zikwi anthu. Pa nthawi imodzi, mu France, alenje chaka kupha mpaka 8 zikwi za mbalame izi wapadera.

Zakudya ndi chakudya khalidwe

M'dziko lonse la osiyanasiyana, maziko a kudyetsa chithaphwi kadzidzi wapangidwa makoswe ang'ono. Mu Titafika pamalo, ndiwo lemmings, mu msewu pakati - voles ndi mbewa, mu steppe la - mapayi, jerboas ndi hamsters. Akadzidzi kawirikawiri amapha mbalame ndi tizilombo, nthawi zambiri monga nyama zina mwa "Taphunzira" zaka makoswe. akadzidzi opindika m'makona zambiri wasaka mu ndege, usiku, m'mawa kapena masana, i.e. Nthawi zambiri pa maola masana.

Kawirikawiri pa kukasaka, ndi dambo kadzidzi Akufalikira otsika kuchokera pansi, kufunafuna nyama, ndiyeno adzagwira ndi kumenya mu zikhadabo zake. Nthawi zina m'nyengo kusaka, dambo akadzidzi khalidwe amafanana masana ogwirira nthenga. Anaiwononga zambiri iwo kusaka kwa abisalire. Akudya nyama anagwira wonse. Ngati pali zambiri chakudya, dambo akadzidzi akhoza M'sitolo ndi stashing ndi kubisala "owonjezera" nyama mu iwo.

Chimeza malo

chimeza Aigupto anapeza makamaka Chigawo kum'mwera. Posachedwapa chinaoneka pa kamwa wa Volga. Kamakhala ambiri mu Africa, kumene anagawira ku madera a kum'mwera kwa Africa kuti kugombe la kum'mawa ndiponso Senegal. Komanso populates ndi South Asia m'madera. herons White ndi chofala kwambiri ndipo amapezeka paliponse, kupatulapo Antarctica. Makamaka ambiri a iwo mu Africa. Mu Russia, makamaka atatu mitundu moyo - imvi, ang'ono ndi lalikulu woyera herons. Gray chimeza ndi anagawira makamaka Asia, Europe (m'mayiko ndi kotentha nyengo), okhala n'kupita ku zilumba Japanese ndi Sakhalin ku gombe la nyanja ya Atlantic (mu kumpoto - ku Yakutsk ndi St. Petersburg, kum'mwera - kuti Ceylon ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa ) The chimeza wofiira zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa dziko la Iberia - malo ake kuswana kupita ku Pakistan ndi Iraq kudzera Hungary ndi lonse Balkan Peninsula.

Yogawa malo

Mbalame ku mtundu wa storks amakhala ku Ulaya, Africa, Asia, powonjezera, storks ndi America South anthu.

mitundu kum'mwera kukhala moyo wongokhala, storks kumpoto kupanga migrations nyengo. mbalame amakhala awiriawiri kapena magulu si lalikulu kwambiri. Asanayambe kuwuluka kwa climes otentha, storks amasonkhana mu magulu a anthu 10-25.

mitundu yonse ya storks amadalira matupi madzi, kotero iwo osayesa kuthetsa madzi pafupi. Koma ena chisa pakatikati pa nkhalango, zouluka ku dziwe okha chakudya.

Grouse malo

Grouse amakhala m'nkhalango-steppe ndi nkhalango madera a m'chigawo Eurasiankuyambira m'madera kum'mawa kwa Pyrenees kutsiriza ndi kum'mawa kwa Manchuria Choncho, akhoza mofanana Nthawi zambiri m'zinthu Scotland ndi ku Mongolia.

Malo mbalame chimakwirira:

• palearctic zone (Caucasus grouse, mwala ndi wamba grouse, grouse moyo kumeneko),
• neoarctic zone (partridge, otuwira grouse, grouse zakutchire, wamba ndi Caucasus wakuda grouse, capercaillie).

Dera Neo-Arctic zikuphatikizapo mayiko a Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano wazolengedwa ili mu zone kotentha nyengo - izi ndi North America, Asia ndi ku Ulaya. Pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, 8 mitundu wakuda grouse zimapezeka: grouse, grouse zakutchire, grouse, mwala ndi wamba grouse, Caucasus wakuda grouse, grouse, woyera ndi Titafika pamalo partridges.

Pa nthawi kukaikira mazira, wakuda grouse amapewa nkhalango yowirira ndi mayimidwe wamtali, kusankha mitengo laimu ndi nkhalango Aspen pafupi ndi malo zopsereza ndi clearings yaikuluNkhalango birch, zomwe taphunzira ndi minda ya mbewu, ndi chosowa kuwala nkhalango ndi m'mbali, pamene pali kwenikweni malo owuma ndi zipatso.

Mbalame kukhala mu zithaphwi, malongosoledwe awo ndi mbali

M'madambo kuyambira kale zakhudzira anthu kumva zizindikiro yosokoneza ngakhale kunjenjemera mantha, pang'ono ofanana ndi mantha wopembedzetsa. Ndipo n'zosavuta kuti afotokoze chifukwa malo amenewa, osati popanda chifukwa, nthawi zonse kale malo kukhala atafa ndi oopsa kwa moyo.

Pali magawo zokwanira pa dziko limene ndi kuwerengedwa kwa anthu, pamene pali ngati swellings ndi zithaphwi kuwoloka chimabisika diso chidwi ndi udzu ndi ndere, kuti ngati munthu wapaulendo yosokera mwangozi akutsirizira mu malo fateful, ndi quagmire sioneka mwamsanga kokani naye pansi kwambiri.

zithaphwi ambiri mu Belarus ndi Ukraine. Pa gawo European la Russia, ndi madambo ambiri mu zigawo chapakati ndi chakumpoto. Iwo otchuka kwa dela la mzinda. m'magawo amenewa ndi ambiri kumadzulo kwa Siberia lalikulu, komanso Kamchatka.

Kuyambira mfundo za sayansi view, mitunda bog malo apadera komwe, kuwachepera matumbo a dziko lapansi, akuthamanga kapena ataima madzi amalenga chinyezi kwambiri, zokhudza kapangidwe ka nthaka.

Mu chithunzi mbalame moorhen

Chifukwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nyengo ya m'deralo, zithaphwi kudziunjikira mpweya ndi kumvetsera pansi. Zonsezi amalenga zinthu mokhala mwa oimira ngati wa dzikoli, ndipo dambo mbalame mwangwiro ndinazolowera moyo mu mtundu wa chilengedwe, pang'ono abwino kwa anthu.

Zithaphwi osati mantha, koma amakopeka ndi anthu ambiri ndi chinsinsi awo sanathetsedwe. Mwachitsanzo, akale kwambiri ankakhulupirira kuti zithaphwi ndi malo a zosiyanasiyana mizimu ndi mizimu yoipa.

Nthano ndi nkhani lowoneka kuti amalimbikitsa kwambiri ndi mawu lofalitsidwa mbalame, okhala dambo. Chimodzi cha zolengedwa chachinsinsi nthenga anali bittern. Kawirikawiri kuimba ake chete ndi bwino distinguishable analamula kapena usiku.

Nthawi zambiri, makamaka m'nyengo ya mating, izi nyimbo achilendo amafanana akulu yochepa yoimba moo, nthawi zina mbalame zimapangitsa khalidwe thumping phokoso, chomwe chinali kutchedwa madzi ng'ombe kapena ng'ombe.

Pali ngati zolengedwa chachinsinsi woimira chimeza banja, pafupi zithaphwi ndi nyanja, mbalame wokhoza kwenikweni kupasuka mu bango m'nkhalango motsatizana mitu yawo ndi makosi ndi chingwe monga wakudza munthu, pamene kukhala ofanana Magulu a dambo udzu. Pa nthawi ngati zimenezi, sikutheka kuti azindikire iwo, ngakhale pafupifupi akuyang'ana pa iwo mfundo kanthu.

Kunja, izi zolengedwa kukula zazing'ono unsightly, Bony ndi nondescript, pokhala pakati pa mitundu yambiri chizindikiro cha ugliness. maonekedwe awo amasandulika ngakhale mantha pamene mbalame, mantha, kufwanyulira mapiko awo wopindidwa motsatizana makosi awo patsogolo, kuti ngakhale ogwirira kupita zakutchire zoterezi chowopsyezera khwangwala kovuta.

Ndipo si kwathunthu popanda chifukwa, chifukwa ndi chibadwa bittern ndi cholengedwa choipa kwambiri, ndipo mdani sadzakhala bwino ngati iye, kuteteza yekha, wasankha kumumenya lakuthwa faceted mulomo.

The cholakwika-eyed bittern anapiye kupanga croaking, gurgling ndi waukulu phokoso ndi zambiri zovuta, Bony ndi yonyansa. Osiyanasiyana mbalame zimenezo ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kufalitsa kwa Ulaya ndi zina, mpaka ku chilumba cha Sakhalin.

Bittern mbalame

Snipe

phokoso zachilendo, monga kulira kwa tiana ta nkhosa, anapangidwa ndi snipe mbalame pa gombe m'madambo a matupi madzi. Komanso, gwero awo ndi mchira nthenga akututuma pamene zouluka pansi mavuto mpweya.

Mu nyengo mating amuna kuimilira, madzi zikuchepa pansi, amene akukhala chifukwa cha nkhani imeneyi. Flight izi kakuphiriphita mbalame ku chithaphwi akuyamba ndi Mwachitsanzo muffled.

Kenako, mbalame nthenga yokhotakhota mu mlengalenga kwa nthawi yaitali, amene amalenga mavuto undoubted kwa alenje kuyesera kugunda ngati chandamale. Maonekedwe a mbalame yaing'ono kwambiri kuposa zachilendo, ndipo makamaka kusiyana ndi kutha, zisanu centimeter mulomo, ngakhale zolengedwa basi kukula kwa nkhuku, wolemera pafupi 150 g.

Mtundu wa zolengedwa izi woonda miyendo ndi kusiyana ndi motleyness yowala ndipo lili ndi zofiirira, woyera ndi wakuda mitundu. mbalame zimenezo moyo mu Russia, pafupifupi lonse m'gawo lake, koma mwina Kamchatka ndi kumpoto, koma kupita ku mayiko otentha kwa dzinja.

Snipe Mbalame

Plover

mitunda awa si wotchuka chifukwa kuchuluka kwa dziko mbewu. m'magawo amenewa, monga ulamuliro, ndi wodzaza ndi ndere, umene pamodzi ndi lichens kukula pa zithaphwi. mbalame, kukaikira mazira pa tokhala Mosszambiri zimachitika kuti plover. Kawirikawiri iye amakonza nyumba tsogolo anapiye mopitirira pansi mabowo ang'onoang'ono, coziness, kumalumikiza zisa ndi pansi.

The masks plover chisa chake m'maso kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi chabe mwaluso, kuti pafupifupi mwathunthu merges ndi malo ozungulira.Mbalame zotere, zazikulupo pang'ono kuposa nyenyezizo, zimakhala ndi nthenga zowoneka bwino zofiirira.

Amakhala ndi mulomo wamfupi, amaliza mingoli, kuwuluka bwino ndikuthamanga mwachangu pamiyendo yawo yaying'ono, kutali ndi miyendo yopyapyala. Amakhala pachilimwe kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Asia, ndipo nthawi yozizira amapita kumwera kukafuna kutentha.

Zojambulajambula zimayimira gulu lamadzi, iliyonse ya ziwalo zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ena a iwo, kuphatikizapo mbalame, kukhala chithaphwi.

Mbalame Ya Plover Swamp

Swamp Sandpiper

Mbalameyo ndi yayikulu kukula kwa nkhunda, koma ikuwoneka yayikulupo chifukwa cha khosi lalitali, mulomo ndi miyendo. Tizilombo timeneti timasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zofiirira.

Amafika kumpoto chakum'mawa kuyambira nyengo yachisanu pakati pa kasupe, kubwerera chaka chilichonse kumalo omwewo, omwe amatha kusintha pokhapokha pakuuma kwatsambalo ndi zina zina zovuta.

Kusamalira kwambiri anapiye, omwe abadwa mwachilengedwe m'madzi, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuphedwa kwa ana, zimadzetsa mavuto kwa makolo. Wamphongo wamanjenje, wofuna kuwopsyeza alendo osafunikira pachidacho, akuwonetsa komwe amakhala.

Mbalamezi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri osaka chifukwa cha nyama yokoma, yokoma, yomwe idapangitsa kuti mbadwo wonse wa mbalame ziziwonongeka.

Mu chithunzithunzi sandpiper

Bakha wansanje

Marshes, malinga ndi asayansi, ndi abwino kukhala pamtundu wa nthumwi zambiri zaufumu wokhala ndi tchire, omwe amakhala omasuka kwambiri m'malo omwe afotokozedwawo, atakhala kuti amakonda kwambiri malo oterowo (pa chithunzi cha mbalame zam'madzi mwina onetsetsani izi).

Ngakhale chilengedwe chowazungulira, makamaka maluwa, ndichachilendo kwambiri. Zomera zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimakhala ndi madambo, monga lamulo, zimafa, ndipo mitundu yambiri yamitengo imasinthidwa ndi okonda chinyontho.

Zowona, m'malo ngati awa mitengo yamapiri imamera bwino ndikufalikira, mitundu ina ya birch, spruce ndi msondodzi imamera. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa malo m'derali, pali mitundu yake yazomera.

M'malo otsetsereka kumapeto ndi bango kumakula. Marshes ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mavitamini ofunika, okhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, zipatso: mabulosi abulu, cranberries, mtambo ndi ena. Amakonda mbalame zambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi bakha wamtchire - thambo lamadzi.

Mbalame zotere, zofala kwambiri ku Northern Hemisphere, zimakhala ndi thupi lotambalala, mlomo wosalala ndipo ndizotchuka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ziwalo m'matumbo awo, zomwe zimawathandiza kwambiri kuyenda bwino pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, akuthamanga pamadzi, abakha akuwulutsa mapiko awo mokweza. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti motere, zolengedwa izi zimatsuka nthenga.

Bakha wansanje

Swamp owl

Mbalame yotereyi ilibe chidwi chodya zipatso zatsopano, koma imakonda kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono usiku: mbewa, ma voles, hamsters ndi jerboas.

Poyang'ana nyama yake, kadzidzi imagwera pansi, ndipo ikasankha wozunzidwa, imangodumphira pansi ndikukanyamula m'manja. Iyi ndi mbalame yokhala chete, koma imathanso kudzaza chete ndi phokoso lachilendo.

Ndi mbalame yotani pachithaphwi kumatuluka, kuluka komanso kuwuwa? Kadzidzi amachita izi, kuteteza chisa chake. Mu nthawi yakukhwima, amuna ndi akazi onse amayimba foni. Akazi amtunduwu amalira kwambiri, ndipo zazikazi zimawawaimbira mokuwa.

Mbalame zotere sizimapezeka m'malo otseguka okha ku Europe, komanso ku America. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo ndizochepera theka la mita, maula ndi brownish chikasu, mlomo wakuda. Mbalame zokhala ndi thunzi tambiri zikufalikira kudera lalikulu, ndizambiri ndipo sizifunikira chitetezo.

Ndege ya kadzidzi

Partridge

Chamoyo chamtunduwu, chikukhala kumpoto, pakati pa mizere yazifupi, mitengo ya msondodzi ndi zipatso za tundra, ndimangokonda zipatso za marsh. Phalalo ndi mbalame yosalimba, yokhala ndi mutu wochepa ndi maso, mulomo wokutidwa ndi nthenga, komanso miyendo yayifupi.

M'chilimwe, maluwa otuwa komanso achikaso otuwa amawonekera pa zovala zake zoyera ngati chipale, ndipo nsidze za mbalamezi zimavala zovala zofiirira zowala bwino. Ndi kulemera kwamoyo mpaka 700 g, grouse imakopa osaka ndi nyama yake yopatsa thanzi.

Mu chithunzichi phula loyera

Heron

Asayansi akukhulupirira, popanda chifukwa, kuti mapiri ndi othandiza kwambiri, amawatcha "mapapu" a dziko lapansi. Amachepetsa mpweya woipa wa m'mlengalenga ndikuletsa kutentha kwa chilengedwe, amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zamadzi, kuchita nawo mitsinje.

Zonsezi zimathandizira kuti pakapangidwe kachidutswa kakang'ono m'madambo. Mwachitsanzo, mfumukazi zoyesedwa moyenera madambo ndi maiwe, mbalame zitsamba, zomwe zimamera bwino m'malo oterowo, sizinangochitika mwangozi.

Inde, nkhanu za bango, zodontha ndi zitsamba zimapanga chinsinsi kwambiri ndikuziteteza kwa adani. Kuphatikiza apo, madambo nthawi zonse amadzaza achule, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kudyetsa mbalame zomwe zimakonda mcherewu, komanso nsomba, zimaperekedwa nthawi zonse.

Heron imatha kutchedwa kuti mbalame yokongola, ngati sichoncho ndi mayendedwe achilendo ndi mawonekedwe osakanika omwe amazolowera kuzizira. Koma m'masamba chisomo sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, koma mumkhalidwe wamtunduwu ndizotheka kusokoneza ndi knotty snag, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri kuchokera pamalo owonera.

Zitsamba zokhala ndi agility amayenda pamadzi pamiyendo yawo yayitali, ndikumva bwino m'mabedi. Zowona, mawu omwe amapanga, ofanana ndi kufuula kapena kubangula kwa munthu, siwongokhalira nyimbo.

Mu chithunzi, mbalame ya heron

Mbalame zambiri za marsh zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe angapo mawonekedwe ake: khosi lalitali komanso miyendo, komanso mulomo wawukulu. Zinthu ngati izi zimathandizira kuti zisanyowe m'malo otetezeka a thupi lawo, nthawi zonse pamwamba kwambiri pansi. Mlomo wautali amatha kupereka zakudya zoyenera.

Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umaphatikizapo agulugufe - mbalame zazikulu zokhala ndi mapiko otambalala kwambiri, zotambasulira khosi lawo mouluka. Zili ponseponse padziko lonse lapansi, zimapezeka m'maiko otentha ndi ozizira.

Pa chithunzichi pali chithaphwi

Korona wankhwawa

Mbalamezi zimakhalanso zokhutira ndi moyo m'madambo, ndipo njoka zazimvi zimayenda bwino m'mphepete mwake. Zikukhala m'malo ngati amenewa, mbalame zimayesetsa kudziteteza kuti zisatukuke patsogolo pa mbali zonse.

Ndipo madambo osavomerezeka amabisa mbalame kwa anthu. Korona, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, amakhala ndi nthenga zambiri, ndipo nthenga zina zokha ndi zakuda. Kukula kwa mbalamezi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo anthu ena amafika pamtunda wa mamita awiri.

Korona amasangalatsa chifukwa cha mavinidwe awo. Zovina zamwambo zimatumizidwa, onse awiriawiri kapena m'magulu awiri, kapena pawokha, zikuchitika nyengo yakukhwima. Kuyenda kotereku kumawonetsedwa ngati kulumpha ndi kuwuluka kwamapiko, kukunkira ndi bwalo, komanso poyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira.

Korona wankhwawa

Mkazi wakuda

Nthawi zina, madambo amasendedwa ndi oimira banja la pheasant: gogo wakuda ndi capercaillie, wolimbikitsidwa ndi mtima wofuna kudya phwando, zipatso zokoma zomwe zimakula m'derali.

Kwa alenje apakati pa Russia, mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimakhala nyama yotchuka kwambiri. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya mbalame ndi yofanana, koma kwa munthu wodziwa kusiyanitsa sikovuta.

Kulemera kwa grouse wakuda ndizowonjezerapo kilogalamu. Zambiri mwa mbalame zoterezi zimakhala zakuda kwambiri ndi utoto wonyezimira wa buluu komanso mawanga oyera pamapiko. Zokhala ndi zokhala ndi mchira wopota.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo ophulika amtchire komanso mitengo ikuluikulu yokhala ndi mitengo yokhazikika. mitsinje ndi madambo, mbalame Akakhala m'nkhalango, sakhala wowuma kwambiri. Mbalame sizimakonda kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, koma ngati kuli kofunikira kapena kusowa kwa zakudya zimatha kuyenda pafupifupi 10 km kudzera mumlengalenga.

Mbalame yakuda grouse (wamkazi)

Capitcaillie

Mbalame yayitali kutalika kwa mita yotalika pafupifupi makilogalamu asanu, yokhala ndi nthenga zakuda zofiirira komanso zamtambo zokhala ndimtambo wobiriwira pachifuwa, komanso mchira wozungulira. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango pafupi ndi madambo, komwe amadya osati zipatso zokha, komanso singano.

Capercaillie, ovuta kukwera, amakhala nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi, akumangogona usiku pamitengo. Iwo sadziwa kuuluka, akuwuluka mlengalenga mosaposa mamita khumi ndi awiri.

Mu chithunzicho mbalame ya capercaillie

Parrot wamtambo ndi wachikasu

Madambo ambiri amakhala kumpoto kwa Nyengo, koma kumapeto kwina kwa pulaneti kulinso. Mwachitsanzo, padziko lapansi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamtundawu ndi mkono wa Amazon.

Mbalame zambiri zimakhala kumeneko, m'modzi mwa oimira oterowo ndiye parrot ya mtundu wachikasu mbalame zam'madzi ndi m'malire mtsinje waukulu ndi waukuluwu. Mbalame zokongola zoterezi zimawuluka bwino kwambiri, ndipo maula okongola amawapangitsa kuti asawonekere poyerekeza ndi masamba owala amderalo.

Nyama za mbalamezi zimapita kokayenda ndipo zimakhala m'thumba lalikulu, zomwe zimasonkhana nthawi yamadzulo ikafika pamalo ogona. Ndipo m'mawa kwambiri kuti mupite kukafunafuna chakudya, kulengeza zakumaloko ndi kufuula kwamphamvu.

Blue ndi Yellow Macaw Parrot

Flamingo

Mbalame yotere nthawi zambiri imamanga zisa m'mphepete zamchere m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kulemera kwa zolengedwa zokongola izi zomwe zimakhala ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia nthawi zambiri kumafika pa 4 kg. Ma flames ofiira amakhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso miyendo, yokhala ndi ma pinki owala bwino. Ngakhale chisomo chawo, zolengedwa izi ndizowlemera kwambiri pakukula.

Amachoka popanda kukayikira komanso pokhapokha akavulala kwambiri. Amathawa kwanthawi yayitali, koma kuthawa ndiwowoneka bwino, akuwoneka bwino kwambiri moyang'anizana ndi thambo lamtambo wa bluu.

Chithunzicho ndi flamingo

Chotchinga

Looney amakonda madambo, komanso malo olemera oimira madzi am'madzi. Pamaso pa munthu yemwe akuyesa kulingalira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mwezi, malo achinkhanira ndi ma bango amatulutsa pomwepo.

M'chithunzichi pachithaphwi yel

Cowgirl

M'busa, kapena monga amatchedwanso m'busa wamadzi, ndi mbalame yaying'ono yam'madzi ya banja la mbusayo, yomwe imakonda kukhala m'madambo komanso pafupi ndi matupi a madzi. Amalembedwa m'mabuku ofiira a mayiko ena chifukwa cha otsika kwambiri m'maderawa.

Mbusa wam'madzi

Sandpiper

Mayina a nkhumba ndi osiyanasiyana, ndipo ena a iwo amakulolani kuti muganize komwe nyamayo imakonda kukhala. Mwachitsanzo, dambo la sandpiper. Iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono yolingana ndi nkhunda, yodziwika ndi miyendo yayitali, mtundu wa bulauni, ndipo anyani ali opepuka.

Amakonda kukhala m'madambo awiriawiri kapena m'midzi yaying'ono, amagwirizana ndi omwe amasamukira kumayiko ena, amasamukira kumayiko ofunda ndi nthawi yachisanu, kuti abwerere kumadambo awo oyamba mu Epulo. Kusintha kwanyumba kungakhale chifukwa chazifukwa zazikulu:

• Kuuma kwa chithaphwi.
• "Kulanda" m'deralo ndi anthu kapena ng'ombe.

Mwambiri, mbalamezo zimakhala zopanda chidwi zokhalamo, yamphongo imathandizira bwenzi lake kupanga chisa kuchokera ku timitengo tating'onoting'ono ndi timitengo, nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa hummock kapena malo owuma achinyontho. Pakadutsa mazira anayi, yamphongo imatenga gawo limodzi pakulabereka. Mbalame zokhala ndi utoto, zonse zazikulu ndi ana, zimadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.

Uyu ndi katswiri pobisala pakati pa mbalame zam'madzi, chithunzi chake chaperekedwa pansipa. Ndi nthumwi ya banja la Tsaplevy, chilengedwe chomwechokha chidasamalira chitetezo cha mbalameyi, ndikuchikongoletsa ndi mtundu wina, chifukwa chomwe mabango ake ali ngati osawoneka. Nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka m'madziwe achithaphwi pakati pa zitsamba za msondodzi kapena alder. Mbalame zotere zimapezeka pafupifupi kudera lonse la Europe ndi Southeast Asia, zimasamukira: kumayambiriro kwa yophukira zimawulukira kumwera kuti zibwerere ku zisa mu Marichi.

Amakhala ndi moyo wosangalala masana, masana umaima mwendo umodzi, wofanana ndi heron, wachibale wake. Chochititsa chidwi, chifukwa chobisa bwino, mbalameyi imayendera mbewu.

Mawonekedwe

Capercaillie amakhala m'nkhalango za ku Eurasia. Amapezeka m'gawolo kuchokera ku Scandinavia peninsula kupita ku Siberia. Ku Central Europe, mitunduyi ikuchepera pachaka. Malo okondweretsa a grouse ndi nkhalango zachikale zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira, zipatso ndi masamba omwe amadya chaka chonse. Mbalameyi imapindula ndi kuyandikana kwake ndi anthill, yomwe imapatsa anapiye chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Capercaillie ndi mbalame yamanyazi kwambiri. M'chilimwe, amawuluka pang'ono, kubisala m'nkhalango zamtundu wobiriwira komanso pansi. Nyama yamatabwa imamanganso chisa chake chobisika pansi.

M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyo imakhala nthawi yambiri pamitengo. M'madera omwe kuli chipale chofewa, chipilala chopulumuka chimapulumuka chifukwa cha mafuta ambiri, omwe amakhala osungunulira komanso osunga mphamvu. M'nyengo yozizira, agalu a nkhuni amasonkhana pagulu la mbalame 5 mpaka 25. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana ndi akazi.

Ogonjetsa madambo

Sikuti aliyense amatha kuzolowera zachilendo. Mbalame ndi anthu apadera omwe adziwa kutalika kwa madambo.

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Mbalame zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizambiri:

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Bittern

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Bittern - mbalame ndi za banja la heron. Zovala bwino bwino m matondo a mabango, zimatha kutambasulira mitu yawo ndi makosi awo, ndikuyang'ana pozungulira. Nthawi zina anthu samazindikira mbalamezo, ngakhale kuyang'ana paiwo osayang'ana. M'mawonekedwe, ndi anthu osawoneka bwino komanso odekha, okhala ndi mawonekedwe owopsa mu mkwiyo. Ma Bitter amabadwa ndi mulomo wakuthwa, wopepuka ndi wopanga phokoso.

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Snipe

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Snipe - mbalame zimakhala ndi maonekedwe owala ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo. Osaka nyama nthawi zambiri amatha kuwombera munthu yemwe akuwuluka. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mulomo wautali, koma osalemera nkhuku.

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Plover

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Plover - mbalame zochulukana zimakula pang'ono kuposa nyenyezi, zimakhala ndi mulomo wamfupi, miyendo yaying'ono komanso yopindika, koma ndizokhwima kwambiri komanso mwachangu.

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Swamp Sandpiper

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Swamp sandpiper - khosi lalitali, mulomo ndi miyendo ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa mitundu yamtunduwu. Mbalame zokhala ndi utoto wamtambo zofiirira.

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Bakha wansanje

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Bakha wosambira - ali ndi thupi lokhazikika, mlomo wosalala, mapazi opindika komanso mawonekedwe okongola modabwitsa.

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Idakhala ndi kadzidzi - mbalame zimakhala ndi maula ansalu, chikasu chakuda. Kutalika kwa matupi awo sikumafikira mamita oposa 0.5.

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Partridge

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Partridge ndi munthu wosalimba ndi maso ang'ono ndi mutu yaying'ono, miyendo yayifupi ndi nthenga zofewa.

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Heron

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Heron ndi mbalame yokongola yopanda ulemu, chisomo komanso chiphokoso kwambiri.

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Chumba

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Chumba - mawonekedwe apadera a mbalame zamtunduwu - miyendo yopyapyala yotalika, mulomo wawukulu. Chifukwa cha mapiko akuluakulu, otetezedwa, agulugufe amatha kupita komwe akupita.

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M'madambo mungathe kukumananso ndi imvi. Grouse ndi capercaillie amakhala kumadera ena.

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Korona wankhwawa

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Mkazi wakuda

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Capitcaillie

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Anthu achilendo okhala m'madambo

Mbalame zochititsa chidwi komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi parrot yamtambo wamtambo ndi wachikasu, flamingo ndi marsh harbor.

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Mtambo wamtambo ndi wachikasu

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Flamingo

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Chotchinga

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Ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zakunja, koma zimapezeka ku Eurasia. Ma warbler ndi abusa amaonedwa ngati osangalatsa - mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi zomwe zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.

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Kamyshevka

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Cowgirl

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Mitundu ina ya mbalame zonyowa

Kuphatikiza pa omwe tawatchulawa, pamasamba mutha kupezanso mbalame monga kaphiri, pakatikati ndi kakakulu, godworm, skate ndikuthamangitsa.

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Chinsomba chachikulu

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Phale

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Phale

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Godwit

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Akavalo

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Mint

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Nthawi zambiri, anthu amapambana wina ndi mnzake chifukwa cha mpikisano, pomwe mitundu ina imatha chifukwa cha zovuta pamoyo.

Mkate

Ngati mbalame zonse chithaphwi, iwo elongated miyendo, khosi ndi mbalame. Kutalika kwawo kumathandiza kuyendayenda m'madzi, kulowetsa mutu wanu mmenemo, kutenga chakudya mumtsinje.

Mlomo wa mkatewo ndi wopindika mu mawonekedwe a arc. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha mbalame. Kutalika kwa mulomo wake kumafika masentimita 12.

Mikate yokhazikitsidwa - dambo mbalamezokhudzana ndi gulu la ibis. Imaphatikizidwa mu banja la Ciconiiformes.

Kukula kwa mkate ndi akuluakulu pang'ono kuposa khwangwala lapansi. Zambiri mwa mbalamezo ndi zisa kuyambira mutu mpaka pakati pa thupi komanso zofiirira mpaka mchira. Pakuwala pali zitsulo zopota, zophukira zobiriwira, zakuda, zamtambo.

Kufala mitanda ya mkate lonse. Oyimira zamtunduwu sakhala pamitanda yokha. Mbalame zokhala m'malo obiriwira, osamukira. mikate ena kukhala moyo wongokhala.

Heron wofiyira

Kapenanso amatchedwa achifumu. Mbalame akulemera zosaposa makilogalamu 1.4. Izi zili ndi kukula kwa mita ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 90.

Heron wofiirira wocheperako amafanana ndi dzinalo ndi utoto wa nthenga pa chifuwa ndi m'mimba. Pamwamba pa mbalame ndi imvi buluu.

Ma herons ofiira amakhazikika ku Asia, Europe komanso ku Africa. Pakati pawo, mbalamezo zimawuluka, zikukuta khosi lawo ngati English S.

Behaviorally, mitundu ndi kusiyana ndi mantha. Heron limachotsedwa pamalo ake pomwe limaona mlendo, ngakhale patali palokha.

Grey heron

Thupi lake ndi mita yaitali, ndipo kutalika kwake zambiri kuposa 100 masentimita. Khumi ndi zinayi za izo zigwera pamlomo. Ngakhale nthumwi zamtunduwu, zovala zawo zili pakati chala. Pa lililonse mwendo wa chimeza imvi pali 4 zala, mmodzi wa amene anabwerera m'mbuyo.

Kuchuluka kwa imvi kumafikira 2 kilos. Miyeso yochititsa chidwi ya mbalame sizimapangitsa nthenga kukhala yolimba. herons Gray ali wamanyazi anthu wofiira. Mantha amapangitsa kuti mbalamezo zizitaya zisa, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi anapiye omwe aswa kale.

Kupaka utoto wa imvi phulusa. Pali madera pafupifupi woyera. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wachikasu.

Heron

Pakuti chimeza, chivomezi ali yochepa khosi. Palibenso chifukwa chokwira pansi pamadzi. Heron adazolowera kukopa nyama. Mbalame chitaya kufwanyulira yake kapena tizilombo kumtunda madzi. The heronfish ndi yokwanira panthawi yomwe ikugwira nyambo.

Miyendo yake idafupikitsidwanso. Koma zala za mbalame M'malo mwake, nthawi ndi olimbikira. Nthawi zambiri amagwira nthambi za mitengo yazitsamba ndi zitsamba.

Mlomo wa heron ndiwambiri komanso mulifupi.

Mbali chidwi wa chimeza ndi njira kugwira nyama pa nyambo.

Buluu heron

Ndi yaying'ono komanso yayikulu, imawoneka ngati imvi, koma mtundu wa buluu umapambana. Pa mutu nthenga akuponyedwa ndi burgundy. Miyendo ndi mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi imvi.

Kapangidwe ka mbalameyo kamafanana ndi heron yoyera. Blue anapiye makamaka ngati iye, ngati iwo ali obadwa woyera ndi specks wakuda pa mapiko.

Heron wabuluu amakhala ngati ku Central ndi South America. Pamenepo, mbalame zimakhala pamtunda wa mitengo. Ambiri kusankha zomera pafupi ndi nyanja, koma palinso anthu chithaphwi.

Mtambo wamtambo ndi wachikasu

Chimodzi mwazapula zochepa zomwe amakonda ma marshlands. Mwa iwo, macaw a chikaso cha buluu amawonekera osati mtundu, komanso kukula. Kutalika kwa mbalame ukufika 90 masentimita. Amakumi asanu a iwo agwera mchira.

Macaw a buluu ndi achikasu amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu. Ndi misa chidwi, mbalame za mtundu kuuluka bwino ndipo mwamsanga. Mapiko amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Kukhala pa mphamvu ya Mach.

Kamyshovka

Mabango ndi mbalame zazing'ono zochokera ku banja laulemelero wa Passeriformes. Masamba ochepetsetsa amafanana ndi dimba ndi bango. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi Crest yapadera kwambiri pamphumi. Nthenga zimamatira kwambiri kuposa mabango ena.

Reed imaphatikizidwanso mbalame za zithaphwi la Russia. Ma birdies amapezeka njira yonse yopita ku Novosibirsk. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala ku Europe.

Great snipe

Zimatanthauzira kusuta. Amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ndi dzenje imapezeka mu Europe ndi ku Asia. Apa mbalameyo imasankha madambo komanso madambo osefukira ndi madzi.

Kutalika kwa thupi la dzenje sikupitirira masentimita 30. Mbalame umalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200. Pafupifupi kuchuluka kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa manjoka. Komabe, dzenje ndi denser zovuta, lili ndi mulomo wolimba kwambiri ndipo silisiyana m'litali.

Curlew

Ndi ya mbalame zam'madzi, zomwe zimawoneka pakati pawo chifukwa cha kukula kwake, pafupifupi kukula kwa khwangwala. Zowonjezera za kronshekpa, panjira, ndizoduwa, zopanda timadontho. mbalame wina kusiyana ndi miyendo adzafupikitsidwa ndi kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe yokhota kumapeto mulomo.

Curlew zisa pamtunda wa tundra ndi malire akumpoto kwa steppe zone. Malo omwe amakhala ndi magawika.

Pali subspecies angapo curlew. Ena mwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, ndi otsika mtengo, komanso Red Book.

M'madambo akuluakulu komanso ang'onoang'ono mumakhala nkhokwe. Onse milomoyo ndi yaitali kuposa pafupifupi, ndi kukula kwa thupi ndi zambiri wochepa.

Mawu ake ali ofanana ndi nambala wachiwiri, wotsika komanso womveka. Kulira kwa chakumwa kumuchotsa. Onse a mbalame ndi kusamala ndi mwangwiro camouflaged mwa chithaphwi zomera. Makamaka, cholumikizacho chimapakidwa phula la mabango.

Bittern ndi wa banja la heron. Pakati pawo, mbalame akufanana dongosolo la chimeza imvi. Choyimira chakudyacho chili ndi mchira wozungulira, wofupikitsidwa, wamapiko akuluakulu. Mlomo ndiwotakata, wopanda miyendo.

Mu msinkhu, ndi bittern basi pansipa chimeza imvi, pafupifupi masentimita 80. Nthenga zimalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 1.5.

Godwit

Zimakhala zazikulu, waung'ono, Canada, Umboni Wopereŵera. Onse ndi a banja la snipe. A Godwits ndi oimira ake akuluakulu. Kunja, mbalame amaoneka ngati curlews ofanana. Kusiyana kwake ndi mulomo wopindika. M'mawondo, nsonga imayang'ana pansi.

Mu masiku akale a Ulendo Wautali, panali 7 mitundu. Pali mafupa atatu tsopano. Mmodzi wamwalira zaka pafupifupi 5 miliyoni zapitazo. Wina mbisoweka ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi zaka 2 miliyoni kale. Panalinso bambo a god omwe anamwalira zaka 35 miliyoni zapitazo.

Zotsalira za mbalame yakale zimapezeka ku France. Asayansi kuganizira Ulendo Wautali wakale mitundu mungafike, kumene curlews apitambo.

Mint

Asilavo amadzitcha nkhwangwa kapena poto. Iwo aziweyulira kuntchito. Komanso kuthamangitsa mbalame yosalala. Ndi ya mtundu wakuda, ili ndi mitundu ingapo. Oimira-wakuda mphanga mu zithaphwi. Palinso dambo komanso ndalama zazikulu. Woyamba amasankha madera akumapiri, ndipo wachiwiri amasankha minda.

-Wakuda timbewu salinso kuposa masentimita 12. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi gramu imodzi. The nthenga wakuda mutu umasiyana ndi mkanda woyera pa khosi. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa chovalacho ndi chofiirira kumbuyo ndi kofiyira pabere ndi pamimba.

Akavalo

dzina lake ndi yankho lina kwa funso, amene mbalame zimakhala m'madambo. Sketi ndi ya ngolo, imawoneka ngati mkaka, koma yocheperako.

Dzina la lokwera amagwirizana ndi phokoso izo zimapangitsa: - "Tsok, Tsok, Tsok". Mutha kumva kuyimba m'madambo osiyidwa kuchokera kumalire a Russia kupita ku Nyanja ya Baikal. Ku Europe, skates imakhalanso chisa, koma ku Asia kuli mbalame zochepa.

M'litali lokwera ndi 17 masentimita. Wokhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 21-23. Khungubwe lilipaka utoto wonyezimira.

Lapwing

Zimatengera kunyanja. Pakati pawo, cholembacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi crest pamutu ndi mulomo wofupikitsidwa. Ngakhale lapwing ndi m'tsogolo. M'mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi muli utoto wofiirira, wobiriwira, wamtambo.

Mayendedwe abwino siopanda mantha. The mbalame kukuzungulira ndi kukuwa pomwe pa mitu ya anthu, ngati akhwangwala.

Caroline Toadstool

Zimapanga phokoso longa bulu. Inu mukhoza kumva izo mu zithaphwi mu mdima - toadstool kumabweretsa moyo usiku.

Caroline grebe amapaka utoto wonenepa. Pali makola oyera. Pa mulomo imvi m'chilimwe, ndi yopingasa Mzere wa aonekera wakuda.

Kutalika kwa mafuta a Caroline sikupita masentimita 40. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 0.5.

Osprey

Zimatanthauzanso kuthengo. Dzinalo limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Asilavo kuti apange amayi okhala m'nyumba. Nzosadabwitsa banja Kalonga wa Skopins-Shuyskys akhalipo. Maina odziwika bwino amaperekedwa ndi amfumu.

Kutalika kwa osprey kumafika masentimita 58, kulemera pafupifupi 1.5 kilos. The wingspan ndi 170 masentimita.

Osprey ali ndi mutu woyera, khosi, chifuwa, m'mimba. Thupi lam'mwamba ndi mapiko a mbalameyo ndi zofiirira. Pali zamawangamawanga gulu pa khosi.

Golide wonyezimira

Khomo la mulomo lili ndi chizindikiro chofiira. Mutu wa mbalame ndi woyera. Mtundu wina wokhala ndi nthenga imachita imvi.

Chipilala cha siliva chili pafupifupi masentimita 60. Mbalame akulemera 1.5 pogwiritsa. M'madambo, nthumwi za mitunduyo zimakhazikika ngati kuli malo otseguka komanso odzala.

Kozodoy

izi mbalame m'malo otakasukakusankha madera akutali. Dzinali ndi chifukwa chikhulupiriro. M'masiku akale zimakhulupirira kuti usiku wokhala ndi mkaka umamwa mkaka wa mbuzi ndikuwachititsa khungu. Ndi nthano chabe. Iwo okha adya tizilombo ndipo osalumikidwa ndi zithunzi kuwonongeka ng'ombe.

Tizilombo timathamanga osati m'madambo okha, komanso pafupi ndi minda. Chifukwa chake anthu adawona mbuzi zija pafupi ndi zolembera zawo, zoweta.

Kozodoev 60 subspecies. Mbalame zonse ndi zazing'onoting'ono, zokhala ndi mlomo wawung'ono koma wokulirapo mwamphamvu kumunsi ndi gawo lokamwa.

Derbnik

Ndi osaya kabawi. Monga mbuzi, amakhala kumapeto kwa dambo, akukhala zisa zakumwa za akhwangwala. Zotsalazo zimatha kukhalanso ndi peatlands.

Pakati chiwombankhanga, dabrebnik ndiyo zokongola, wowala. Mitundu yosakanikirana, imvi, yakuda, yofiirira, yachikasu.

Thupi la derbnik limafika masentimita 35, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 270 magalamu. Monga kukuyenera kukhala kabawi, akazi ndi pafupifupi hafu zolemera kwambiri kuposa amuna.

Arama

Uwu ndi nkhokwe ya abusa, amakhala m'madambo aku South America. Kutalika nthenga ndi 66 masentimita. Aramu yolemera kilogalamu imodzi.

Banja la Aramu limaphatikizapo mitundu yapakatikati pakati pa abusa ndi ma cranes. Chakumapeto, mbalame America South ofanana mu dongosolo thupi ndi nthenga. Chida chogaya m'mimba chimaphatikiza ndi zida za ng'ombe zamphongo.

Krachka -inca

Mofananira kuti seagulls. Pezani mbalamezi zomwe zili ndi dambo lokhala ndi masamba owuma. Malo okhala mitunduyi ndi America.

The Krachka-Inca amatchedwanso ndi mustachioed, monga wochepa thupi, yokhota kumapeto nthenga kukangamira pa mbali zonse za mlomo wa. Adakhala chifukwa cha dzina lina lotchedwa - hussar.

Macheka amacheka a Inca amatsutsana ndi maziko amiyala yachitsulo. Mlomo ndipo yoteroyo mbalame ziri zofiira. Kutalika, mbalame imatha kufika masentimita 40, koma osalemera kuposa magalamu 250.

Awiri a Inca Krachk ndi kutalika kwa ndevu zawo. Iwo angafikire 5 masentimita. Mbalame zokhala ndi ndulu yayikulu yamphongo ndi mnzake, ndikupatsana anapiye. Mbadwa za terns zazing'ombe zazifupi sizimakula kuposa masentimita 30 m'litali.

Sikuti America South wolemera zithaphwi. Alipo ambiri a iwo ku Russia. Mdziko muno mwadzaza 37% yama swamp onse padziko lapansi. Makamaka ambiri a iwo mu Siberia. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti mbalame zambiri zamamadzi zachokera ku South America ndi ku Russia.