Ostriches amakhala ndi chikhato molimba kukula kwake pakati pa nkhuku zonse. Mutha kukumana nawo kuthengo kokha mu ma savannah aku Australia kapena ku Africa. Mbalame ndi za banja la nthiwatiwa, ndipo malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi dera lachipululu.
Kufotokozera mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Zachilengedwe zapereka nthiwatiwa zazing'ono zazikuluzikulu thupi. Kulemera kwa mbalame kumafikira makilogalamu 150, ndipo kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi mamita awiri. Nthiwatiwa imakhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu komanso khosi lalikulu. Mapikowo amakwera pang'ono pokhudzana ndi thupi. Pamutu pali maso omwe amawumba eyelashes. Nthenga za nthiwatiwa zimapindika, koma sutiyo ndi yosiyana. Zimatengera mtundu komanso mtundu wa mbalame zomwe zimakhala.
Masiku ano, pofuna kukumana ndi maonekedwe okongola, sikofunikira kuti mupite ku Africa kutali, mutha kupita ku famu ya nthiwatiwa, yomwe ndi yambiri ku Russia.
Ostriches amalephera kwathunthu kuuluka, koma ngati ngozi yomwe ili mosayembekezereka ikatha, atha kuthawa, atakhala othamanga kwambiri - pafupifupi 70 km / h. Mbalame zimagwira m'magulu a anthu angapo; mwachilengedwe, herbivores zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi nawo.
Mu malo achilengedwe, nthiwatiwa zimadziwika ndi ma omnivores. Nyengo yotentha sikuti imathandizira kuti zakudya zamitundu mitundu zizikula. Chakudya chomwe amakonda ndi masamba, koma nthawi yomweyo mbalame zimatha kunyamula zotsalazo kuchokera pagulu la nyama zomwe zimadyera ku savannah. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbalame imatha kudya popanda chakudya. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pakumwa madzi.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, mkazi m'modzi amakhala ndi akazi angapo. Ukala ukamaliza bwino, mazira onse amaikidwa mu chisa chimodzi. Tate wa banjalo akukhwimira ana, kusiya mkazi kukhala wokongola kwa ena kuposa ena.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nthiwatiwa ikabadwa ndi magalamu 1000. Akangoluka, anapiye amatha kuyenda bwinobwino, amatha kuwona bwinobwino, ndipo atatha maola 24 amatha kudzipezera okha chakudya.
Kubala nthiwatiwa mu ukapolo kumafuna kutsatira zina, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chisamaliro chokwanira. Poterepa, anthu payekha amakhala zaka zakubadwa 70. Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimasungidwa pamafamu kuti azipeza zinthu za mazira ndi nthenga, zomwe ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Palinso kufunikira kwabwino kwa nyama ndi zikopa. Mitundu yochita nawo ntchentche ndi kukwera pamahatchi pa mbalamezi sizodziwika kwambiri.
Mitundu ya octich
Ostrich ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, pafupifupi, kukula kwake kumafikira 2-2,5 m, ndi kulemera - 150 makilogalamu. Ali ndi khosi lalitali lopanda maula, thupi lake limakutidwa ndi nthenga zazikulu zokhotakhota, samatha kuuluka, koma amathamanga modabwitsa, akupanga liwiro loposa 50 km / h. Mitundu imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. Komwe mbalame zimabadwira ndi komwe mbalame zimakhalira ku Africa ndi Australia. M'mapiri athuwa muli mafamu a nthiwatiwa pomwe Mitengo yayikulu yaulimi imadyetsedwako.
Nthiwatiwa za ku Africa
Mitundu yokha ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu inayi:
- wakuda wakuda
- Namibian
- Waku Zimbabwe
- Masai.
Choyipa kwambiri ndimabungwe am'mbuyomu. Koma pamenepo obereketsa anapeza njira yotumizira mbalame ndi kupangira nyama yabwino, iwo amawoloka Maasai ndi mtundu waku Zimbabwe. Maonekedwe a nthiwatiwa yaku Africa sasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi chifukwa cha kukongola kwake. Mtundu wa nthenga, zonse zoyera ndi zakuda zilipo.
Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mbalamezi pamtunda wa kutentha +22 mpaka +36. Onetsetsani kuti mukumanga nsanja yayikulu yoyenda ndi chipinda chambiri nthawi yozizira. Choyambirira, akatswiri adatulutsa nthiwatiwa kuti zikhale ndi nthenga zokongola ndi zotengera zachikopa kwa iwo. Kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupi ndi anthu, mbalame zazikulu zimasinthidwa mosavuta ndikulumikizana ndi mbuye wawo.
Chakuda
Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mpaka 270 cm, ndi kulemera kochititsa chidwi kwa makilogalamu 150-160, mbalame ndizoyimira zazikulu kwambiri za mtunduwu, zimakhala ndi thupi lowonda. Anthu oterewa ndi omvera pa nthawi yomwe ali mndende, mosakhalitsa amatha kupirira kutentha kuchokera +35 mpaka -20 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kubereka pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Mbalame zakuda zamtunduwu zimachedwa chifukwa cha mtundu wofanana wa manambala mumphongo, zazikazi zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, koma pafupi ndi mthunzi wa bulauni. Nthiwatiwa yakuda nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 70-75, kwinaku ikukhala ndi zipatso mpaka zaka 35. Anthu amafika kutha msinkhu, pafupifupi, pofika zaka zitatu za moyo.
Kupanga kwa dzira ndi mazira 50-80 pachaka kuchokera kwa mkazi m'modzi. Mazira a Ostrich ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina: mainchesi awo ndi pafupifupi 15-20 masentimita, kulemera - 1.5-2 makilogalamu.
Namibian
Izi subspecies ndizofanana ndikuwoneka ngati nthiwatiwa zakuda, komabe, ndizocheperako: kutalika kwamunthu ndi pafupifupi 2 m, kulemera - mpaka 70 makilogalamu, pomwe amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Zodabwitsa zautoto ndi khosi lamtambo, maula ndizosowa. Malo omwe amakonda kuswana ndi savannah, kupatula kumadera ouma. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimatha kulekerera kutentha mpaka +50 ° C, podziyang'anira pawokha kutulutsa.
Kupanga dzira ndi pafupifupi - pafupifupi 40-45 mazira panthawi yake masentimita 1.1-1.5.
Waku Zimbabwe
Mbalame yotereyi siyotsika mtengo kukula kwa mnzake wakuda: Kukula - pafupifupi 2-2.5 m, kulemera kwamphongo - 150 makilogalamu, akazi - 120 makilogalamu. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi khungu lamtambo pakhosi, ndipo miyendo ndi mulomo ndi imvi yakuda.
Monga nthumwi yowoneka bwino ya mtundu wa ku Africa, mitundu ya ku Zimbabwe imakhala ndi mazira abwino: 40-50 zidutswa pa nyengo, kupatsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa 1.5-2.1 kg wolemera.
Masai
Izi zimaganiziridwa kuti zimangokhala ndi theka lokha, chifukwa mbalameyi imangokhala bwino ndi anthu. Amakhala ku East Africa. M'makhalidwe akunja, mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi woyimira wakale wa mtundu waku Africa, koma khungu la mutu, khosi ndi miyendo imakhala ndi pinki yofiira. Nthiwatiwa za ku Masai sizimabala zambiri ndipo muulimi wa nkhuku zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pobereketsa kuti zitheke kubereka zipatso zabwino komanso kulandira anthu.
Mitundu ya ku Australia mu mawonekedwe ake imatha kuwerengedwa ngati nthiwatiwa ndi cassowary. Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu, yotalika mpaka 170 masentimita ndipo yolemera pafupifupi 55 kg. Mosiyana ndi nthiwatiwa wamba, ili ndi miyendo ya miyendo itatu ndipo ilibe chikhodzodzo. Zowonjezerazo ndizamtundu waubweya, zokumbutsa zambiri za ubweya, mtundu wa chivundikirocho chimasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku imvi mpaka bulauni lakuda ndi mawanga bula. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti amuna ndi akazi a mtundu uwu ndi osadziwika bwino mawonekedwe. Emu dzira amapanga pafupifupi, chifukwa munthu m'modzi amatenga mazira amtundu wa 8-10 wakuda wa 700-800 g iliyonse, yomwe yamphongo imadzaza masiku 55-60. Pankhani ya zokolola, ndi bwino kubereka emu ku nyama yomwe ili ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri (pafupifupi 1.5%) ndipo ndizakudya.
Nandu
Mtundu wa nthiwatiwa waku America ndiye membala wocheperako m'banjali: kutalika kwake, pafupifupi, sikoposa 1.5 m, ndipo kulemera kwake sikumaposa 40 kg. Amakhala ku South America, Chile, Brazil. Kunja, ma nanda ndi ofanana ndi anzeru aku Africa momwe amapangidwira komanso momwe mankhwalawo amapangidwira, komabe, mawonekedwe awo osiyana ndi kusowa kwa nthenga pakhosi ndi pamutu, ndipo utoto wa nthenga umakhala ndi yunifolomu ya kuwala. Ngakhale ili ndi kukula kochepa, mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kuyikira mazira abwino: mpaka mazira 1820 mu clutch, masekeli 1,1-1,3, ndi awiri mpaka 15 cm.
Imene imaswana bwino kwambiri
Kubala nthiwatiwa zam'madzi kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa ngati mutafotokozera bwino zolinga zanu: kupeza mazira, nyama kapena kupanga zosafunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mbalame zamtundu wosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso zofunika pazomwe zimamangidwa. Kodi ndi mtundu uti wabwino kwambiri wowetera kunyumba? Tiyeni tiwone njira zingapo:
- Ngati cholinga cha kubereka nkhuku ndikupeza nyama, ndiye emu ndi yoyenera kwambiri pazikhalidwe: ndizambiri, kuphatikiza, nyama yawo imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri.
- M'malo momwe cholinga chosungira nthiwatiwa ndikupeza mazira, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mtundu wa Nanda. Mbalamezi sizikhala zowoneka bwino, zazing'ono, koma zimatha kuyika mazira pafupipafupi komanso zochulukirapo.
- Alimi amalingalira kuti nthiwatiwa za ku Africa ndimakonda kwambiri. Mtunduwu samangokhala ndi zowonetsa zambiri, komanso zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana: pazolinga zosiyanasiyana sizigwiritsa ntchito mazira ndi nyama yokha, komanso khungu, nthenga ndi nkhuku. Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi za mtunduwu zimakhala motalika kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, omwe amafunikira akasungidwa pafamu.
Zomwe zili patsamba la nthiwatiwa kunyumba
Poyang'ana koyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuswana kwa nthiwatiwa ndi njira yovuta, koma pochita izi siyimasiyana kwenikweni ndi mtundu wina uliwonse waulimi wa nkhuku, komabe, zofunikira zofunikira pazikhalidwe zakusungidwa ziyenera kukumbukiridwa.
Ma Ostriches pachikhalidwe amakhala ndi imodzi mwanjira zitatu:
- Zochulukirapo - zimaphatikizapo kuswana kwa nthiwatiwa m'malo ochepa moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito pafamu.
- Zowonjezera - mbalame zimapatsidwa ufulu wathunthu kudera lalikulu koma lochepa.
- Zowonjezera-zowonjezera - zimagwirizanitsa mapulani awiri oyamba ndikukutanthauza kuti mbalame zikuyenda m'malo akulu, koma motsogozedwa ndi anthu.
Nthawi zambiri, njira yolimba kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa mwiniwake komanso mbalame.
Pankhaniyi, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ziyenera kuonedwa.
- Nthiwatiwa zimapangira nyumba yabwino, pamlingo wa 10 lalikulu. m pa munthu payekha, makoma a chipindacho ali ndi inshuwaransi, zojambula siziyikidwa palimodzi, koma amapereka mpweya wabwino,
- nyumba yanyumba ndi cholembera poyenda ziyenera kupita kum'mwera, pomwe ng'ombeyo izikhala ndi malo osungirako komwe zingabisike chifukwa chotentha kapena potentha,
- ndikofunika kuti nthiwatiwa zimere ma gridi, zomwe zimadyetsa, apo ayi zizipeza udzu womata kumene.
- mbalame zimafunikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso zophatikiza, kuphatikizapo: tirigu, masamba, masamba, zipatso, nyama ndi mafupa, miyala, mavitamini
- Pasakhale zinyalala m'khola zomwe mbalame zimatha kudya,
- makamaka pofuna kupewa, katemera wa ziweto zoyenera kuchitidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarian.
Chifukwa chake, kulingalira za mawonekedwe a kubzala kwa nthiwatiwa kumapangitsa kuti athe kuwunika kuthekera kwa ntchito zamtunduwu ndikumvetsetsa. Famu ya nthiwatiwa imaphatikizapo ndalama zambiri poyambilira, komabe, ndikusamalira bwino mbalameyo, imatha kukhala bizinesi yabwino kwambiri komanso yopindulitsa.
Mawonekedwe okongola
Ostrich ndi woimira modabwitsa wa gulu lake. Ali ndi mapiko koma osawuluka. Pamapazi ake pali zala ziwiri zokha, zomwe zimasiyana ndi mbalame.
Ostrich ndiye membala wamkulu kwambiri m'gulu lawo. Oimira ake ochititsa chidwi kwambiri amafikira kulemera koposa makilogalamu 156, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 2.7 m. Komabe, nthiwatiwa yofala kwambiri, yolemera makilogalamu 50 okha. Nthawi yomweyo, zazikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono kuposa zazimuna.
Nthiwatiwa imakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Ali ndi khosi lalitali komanso lalifupi, lomwe pamakhala maso okongola awiri, ophatikizidwa ndi eyelashes. Kenako mutuwo umadutsa mulomo wokometsedwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
M'malo mwa sternum sternum mwachizolowezi cha gulu lonse la mbalame, nthiwatiwa m'malo ano zimakhala ndi chigamba chachikulu cha khungu popanda nthenga. Imakula bwino ndipo imapanga zomwe zimatchedwa chimanga, zomwe zimathandizira mbalame ikagona pansi.
Miyendo ya kumbuyo ya nthiwatiwa imayimilidwa ndi minyewa ya minyewa yokhala ndi zala ziwiri. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi chimakhala ndi ziboda zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbalame izithina nthawi ikathamanga kwambiri. Miyendo yakutsogolo ikuyimiridwa ndi mapiko okhala ndi zala ziwiri ndi zikhadabo zazitali pachilichonse.
Nthiwatiwa ili ndi zodabwitsa zambiri. Muli nthenga zopotana, zotayirira zomwazikana ndendende mthupi lonse. Kupatula kwake ndi: khosi, mutu ndi miyendo. Alibe mankhwalawa mwachizolowezi, koma pali fluff yaying'ono.
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachikuda. Yoyamba yazimiririka, nthenga zosawoneka za utoto wonyezimira. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zoyera. Wamphongo ali ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, ndipo mchira wawo ndi kutsogolo kwake ndi zoyera.
Ostriches
Ma Ostriches ndi odabwitsa osati kokha kapangidwe kake, komanso machitidwe awo akudya. Ndizosangalatsa. Ana ang'ono amadya nyama yokha. Akuluakulu sakhala ozungulira.
Amatha kudya mbewu, mbewu, udzu. Komabe, palibe m'modzi mwa oimira awo amene sangataye makoswe, tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana kapena zinyalala za chakudya cha adani akuluakulu.
Kufotokozera kwa nthiwatiwa
Nthiwatiwa ya ku Africa ndiyokhayo amene amaimira gulu la Ostrich komanso mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ilipo masiku ano.
Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, "nthiwatiwa" amatanthauza "mpheta-ngamira." Kufanizira kwamphamvu kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha maso owoneka bwino, ma bere ndi ma eyelashes amtali, ofanana ndi wokhala m'chipululu. Kufanizira ndi mbalame yaying'ono kunatulukira chifukwa cha mapiko osakwanira.
Mu gawo limodzi mbalame imagona kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 m
Kodi mbalame zamapazi othamanga zimadya chiyani?
Ostriches ndi omnivores. Inde, chakudya chachikulu kwa iwo ndi mbewu (njere, zipatso, maluwa, mphukira zazing'ono), koma amatha kudya zotsala za nyama kumbuyo kwa mdani, ndipo nthawi zina amadyanso tizilombo, makoswe ndi zokwawa. Ponena za madzi akumwa, pano nthiwatiwa sizosangalatsa kwambiri. Ndipo zingatheke bwanji kuti munthu akhale wazunguzika pomwe akukhala ku Africa kotentha? Chifukwa chake, thupi la mbalameyo limasinthidwa ndikumwa osowa kwambiri ndipo limalekerera bwino.
Gulu lalikulu
Kodi nthiwatiwa zimatani?
Nthawi yakukhwima, nthiwatiwa zazimuna zimazungulira ndi "akazi" a akazi awiri kapena anayi. Koma asanatenge "akwatibwi" ambiri amunayo ayenera kukopa chidwi chawo: amasintha utoto wa makulidwe kuti akhale wowala ndikuyamba kulira kwambiri.
Akazi onse obetedwa a "mini-harem" amayikira mazira awo pachisa. Komabe, wamphongo wokhala ndi amene wasankhidwa (m'modzi) wamkazi amakhala akugona. Mazira a nthiwatiwa ndi okulirapo, okhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba.
Anapiye omwe adabadwa kale ali ndi maso ndipo amatha kuyendayenda. Pobadwa, kulemera kwawo kumapitilira kilogalamu imodzi. Tsiku lotsatira kwambiri dzira litatuluka, ana amapita kukadzigulira okha chakudya ndi bambo wamkulu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nthiwatiwa kuli pafupifupi zaka 75!
Cassowary muruka
Adani achilengedwe a nthiwatiwa
Monga mbalame zina, nthiwatiwa zimakhala zosatetezeka kwambiri mumtambo. Ankhandwe, mafisi ndi mbalame zazikulu zodya zimatha kuziukira. Anapiye omwe angobadwa kumene amatha kugwidwa mosavuta ndi mikango, pomwe zilombo sizimayang'ana kwenikweni nthiwatiwa yachikulire, chifukwa mutha kukankha mwamphamvu kapena kukanda kwakuya ndi chala cholimba.
Kodi ndi zoona kuti nthiwatiwa imaphimba mutu mumchenga, kapena kutchuka kumeneku kunachokera kuti?
Chowonadi ndichakuti pamene aswa amphaka, wamkazi, pakakhala ngozi, "amafalitsa" mutu ndi khosi pansi, ndikuyesayesa kuti asaonekere. Koma chinyengo ichi sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ndi nkhuku za amayi, pafupifupi nthiwatiwa zonse zimachita izi pakagwa nyama. Ndipo kuchokera kumbali imawoneka ngati mutu "udapita" mumchenga.
Mitundu ya Ostrich
- Nthiwatiwa yachi Africa yeniyeni. Imapezeka ku Africa, Sahara, Mauritania ndi madera ena.
- Mabizinesi aku America. Ili ndi mitundu iwiri: Darwin's Rnda ndi Big Rnda.
- Cassowary (mitundu - mitundu ina ya cassowary ndi cassowary muruka) ndi emu (mitundu imodzi).
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/2982/vidi-strausov-782810.jpg)
Ndizosangalatsa!
Malinga ndi malamulo owerengera, magulu a nthiwatiwa ndi mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimathamanga, komanso zokhala ndi chifuwa kapena thumbo. Dongosolo lofanana ndi nthiwatiwa ndi la mtundu wa nthiwatiwa zamtundu umodzi - nthiwatiwa za ku Africa.
Magulu a nthiwatiwa zaku Africa amakhala: Maliya (Barbary) ku North Africa, Massai ku East Africa, Somali ku Ethiopia, Kenya ndi Somalia. Pakadapezekanso mitundu iwiri ya nthiwatiwa zaku Africa - waku South Africa ndi Arabu, tsopano zachuluka. Akazi amphongo amtundu wa ku Africa amatha kupitirira kupitirira mamitala atatu ndi kulemera mpaka 150 makilogalamu.
A Nanduiformes ndi a genus Nandu omwe amakhala ku South America. Mulinso mitundu iwiri - Kumpoto kwa Nanda ndi kotenga nthawi yayitali, kapena Darwin, Nanda. Northern Rhea (Rhea yayikulu) imatha kutalika ndi 150-170 cm ndikulemera 25-50 kg.
Gulu la mbalame zokhala ndi chifuwa
Choyambirira chachitatu ndi kassowary. Malo omwe amakhala ndi kumpoto kwa Australia ndi New Guinea. Izi zikuphatikizapo mabanja awiri - cassowary (mitundu - wamba cassowary ndi cassowary muruka), ndi emu (mitundu imodzi). Cassowaries amakhala pachilumba cha New Guinea komanso kuzilumba zoyandikira kwambiri. Ma Cassowaries amafika kutalika kwa 150-170 cm ndi kulemera kwa 85 kg.
Emu, amakhala ku Australia komanso pachilumba cha Tasmania. Kutalika kwake kuli mpaka 180 masentimita ndipo kulemera kwake ndi mpaka 55 kg.
Ostriches mulinso mitundu yokhayo yamtundu wa Kiwi. Kiwi ndi wokhala ku New Zealand. Mbalameyi ndi midget poyerekeza ndi nthiwatiwa. (kutalika - 30-40 cm, ndi kulemera - 1-4 makilogalamu). Mbali yodziwika bwino ya kiwi ndi zala 4.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Khalidwe Lopindulitsa
Kuthengo, ndizofala kuti nthiwatiwa zambiri zimayamba kuyikira mazira zikafika zaka 4. Koma ndikasungidwa pafamu, nthawi imeneyi imachepetsedwa ndi theka.
Phindu la ulimi wamphesa titha kuwona mu zitsanzo zotsatirazi:
- mbalame zimadziwika ndi kupanga bwino kwa mazira - mpaka 80-100 zidutswa pa nyengo yazomera,
- pafupifupi mazira awiri mpaka 2 kg,
- makulitsidwe a masiku 42-45,
- zazikazi zimabala bwino mpaka zaka 35,
- Amuna ali ndi zaka 5
- kuchuluka kwa umuna wa dzira ndi 90%.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa
Ngakhale kuti nthiwatiwa zimakomera anthu bwino, nthawi yakubala, abambo amawonetsa mkwiyo wosawoneka kwa iwo munthawi zoyenera. Nthawi imeneyi, ogwira ntchito pafamuyo ayenera kudziwa bwino komanso kutsatira njira zachitetezo. Potsitsa bata amuna, mbedza zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe mbalame zimaponyedwa pansi kuti zimasokoneza. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, ndiye kuti mutha kutseka mutu wa wopanga pogwiritsa ntchito thumba la nsalu komwe kudulira kwapadera kwa mulomo kumatsalira.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa pankhani yodyetsa ana?
Nthiwatiwa zazikazi zikabadwa, akatswiri samalangiza kuwapatsa chakudya. Kukhutira ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito yolk intrauterine sac, yomwe ndi yokwanira masiku atatu. Kuyambira tsiku lachinayi mutha kupatsa amadulira osakanizidwa osakanikirana ndi chakudya cha nkhuku.
Zinthu Zapanja
Mbalameyi ndi yapadera pakapangidwe kake ka thupi. Alibe kuuluka, alibe keel, ndi zala 2 zokha zomwe zimakhala pamiyendo. Izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosowa mu gulu la Mbalame.
- kulemera - mpaka 160 makilogalamu ndi muyezo 50 kg,
- kutalika - 2.7 m
Kukula kwake, amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.
Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chili pakati pa zaka 40 ndi 50.
Gome 1. Maonekedwe.
Gawo la thupi | Kufotokozera |
---|---|
Chifupa | Pokhapokha ngati ukazi suli wopanga. Malekezero a pubic anasakaniza, ndikupanga chotsekeka cha pelvis chosasinthika kwa mbalame. |
Sternum | Anakulirakulira, keel ikusowa. Pali chimanga, chomwe chikuyimira gawo la khungu losakutidwa ndi maula. Imakhala thandizo ngati igona pansi. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zouluka, mafupa awo sakhala opanda kanthu. |
Mapiko | Zachikulu, zokhazikika. Adalipidwa ndi miyendo yayitali yamphamvu. |
Mutu | Fomu laling'ono, lophwanyika, limadutsa mulomo lathyathyathya komanso kakulidwe kakang'ono kwambiri. Maso ndi akulu, eyelid ndimakutidwa ndi eyelashes okongola. |
Miyendo | Miyendo yakumaso ndi yotupa komanso yolimba, yokhala ndi zala ziwiri. Mmodzi yekha, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ziboda, amakhala othandizira pakuthamanga. Lachiwiri lili ndi tanthauzo lothandiza. |
Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zokutira, zokhala ndi khosi lalitali kwambiri
Mbali yapadera ya mbalame ndi kutuluka kwina kwa mkodzo ndi ndowe kuchokera m'thupi. Mu mpumulitsi, zinthu zonse za m'mimba zomwe timapanga ndi njira yonyowetsera madzi. Popeza nthiwatiwa ndi mbalame zokha padziko lapansi zomwe zimakhala ndi chikhodzodzo, njirazi zimachitika mwa izo mokha.
Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa khosi, amatha kumeza chakudya chambiri chonse. The goiter kulibe, pakamwa lalikulu limapuma pa maso, lomwe likuwoneka bwino. Ubongo umafananizidwa kukula ndi ziwalo zamawonedwe zamagetsi.
Mawonekedwe a manambala
Amasiyananso ndi mbalame zouluka momwe zimapangidwira nthenga zakale, ndevu zake zomwe sizimayandikira limodzi. Zotsatira zake, fanayo siyipangidwa. Tsinde lokha lomwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndiwokongola, lili nthenga 16 zakuuluka, pafupifupi nthenga 20 za dongosolo lachiwiri. Chiwerengero chotsogolera chikuchokera ku 50 mpaka 60.
Makutu amawonekera bwino pamutu wangawo
Mawonekedwe a nthiwatiwa amapindika, ali ndi mawonekedwe ena kutengera gawo la thupi. Gawo lomwe lili ndi mbewa kwambiri ndi torso. Khosi limakutidwa ndi lalifupi pansi, miyendo - miyeso yayikulu-yayikulu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapereka chithunzi chakuti nthiwatiwa zimakhala maliseche.
Mtundu wa ma plumage ndi chifukwa cha jenda. Utoto wamba wamtundu wa ku Africa ndi wakuda ndi mchira oyera ndi nsonga za mapiko. Chikazi chimapakidwa utoto wamtambo wonyezimira wokhala ndi timiyala toyera tofiirira.
Nthiwatiwa zazikazi zachikazi ndi zachimuna
Zolemba pa zakudya
Amaonedwa ngati mbalame zodabwitsa. Thanzi la nyama zazing'ono limakhazikitsidwa makamaka pazakudya cha nyama. Akuluakulu amawaza ndi udzu, woimiriridwa ndi maudindo otsatirawa:
Popeza mbalamezi zilibe njira yotchingira chakudya, zimatenga miyala ndi mchenga yaying'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kudya tizilombo, abuluzi, chakudya chopatsa thanzi cha nyama zazikuluzikulu komanso makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Dongosolo logaya nthiwatiwa ndi lapadera
Monga ngamila, mbalame zimatha kukhala zopanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma akaona dziwe, akabwezeretsa nthawi yayitali madzi osowa.
Habitat
Amakhala makamaka ku savannah aku Africa. Khalani moyo wongokhala. Amayesetsa kupewetsa mitengo yambiri ya mitengo ya mgwalangwa. Mayendedwe okondera - Kummwera ndi kumpoto kwa nkhalango za equator. Nyama zokhala ndi zimbudzi zimapewa malo okhala mchenga komanso zipululu, komanso malo owuma. Satha kuyenda mwachangu m'malo otere. Nthawi zambiri khalani pafupi ndi gulu la mbidzi ndipo mumakhala mwamtendere. Ndi kumayambiriro kwamadzulo amakhala akhama. Pumulani usana ndi usiku.
Limodzi mwa magawo ogona layimilira mutu wake utakweza maso ndikutseguka.
Banjali lili ndi achikulire asanu ndi m'modzi, ndipo m'modzi yekha ndi wamwamuna. Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa ziweto kumasiyana magawo 20 mpaka 30. Kummwera kwa masanjidwewo, mbalame zazing'ono zimapanga magulu m'magulu a mbalame 100. Mkati mwa gululo, malo owongolera okhwima amawonekera, omwe amadziwonetsa okha pakupanga ziwalo zamthupi. Anthu owonda amakhala ndi khosi komanso mchira molunjika, ndipo amagonjera mosamalitsa.
Nthiwatiwa imathamanga mpaka 70 km / h. Chimodzi mwazomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe amasinthidwe akuwongoka popanda kuwongolera mayendedwe. Achinyamata omwe afika masiku 30 amathamangitsa pafupifupi makolo awo.
Diso la nthiwatiwa limakulirapo kuposa chiwalo chofanana ndi njovu
Mbalame zimakhala ndi adani ochepa. Imfa yayikulu imawonedwa mukamazikira mazira ndi kulera achinyamata. Akalulu, ankhandwe ndi nyama zimadyera anapiye osavulala. Leopards, mikango ndi akambuku amenya nyama zazing'ono.
Zizolowezi zachilengedwe
Njira yolimbikira yomwe imabisa mutu wako mumchenga pakuwona mdaniyo ndiyolakwika. Njirayi idayamba chifukwa cha chizolowezi chofuna kupeza miyala yaying'ono pansi kapena kuyika mutu wake pamchenga itadikira.
Asayansi amafotokoza kuti chizolowezi cha mbalame chogona mitu yawo pansi ndikufunika kumvetsera phokoso la wolusa amene akubwera. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimayikira mazira ake pamalo oyenera kuti zizitha kutentha - monga, mwachitsanzo, dothi. Akuyang'ana ana awo mu izi, amakhalanso nthawi yayitali kukhosi kwawo.
Mafuta amapuma nthawi zambiri mitu yawo pansi.
Akamadya chakudya, mbalame zimangokweza mitu yawo ndikuyang'ana malo ozungulira. Chifukwa cha kuwona bwino, amatha kuwona zilombo kutali ndi 1 km. Mbalame zimayesetsa kupewa kukangana ndi mdani ndipo zimachotsedwa munthawi yake. Amakhala tcheru makamaka pakuikira mazira. Pakukwapulidwa, ngati kuli kotheka, sonyezani kuti mwazida ndi kuteteza ana. Pali nthawi zina pamene nthiwatiwa yokha imagunda mkango ndi bala yosagwirizana ndi moyo.
Kubala nyengo
Amakhala okhwima pofika zaka 2. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'chipululu zimaswana chaka chonse. Mukakhwima, yamphongo imayang'anira gawo lake, kuyambira 2 mpaka 15 km². Kuti akope akazi, miyendo ndi khosi zimasanduka zofiira. Pofuna kukopa kwambiri, amapukusa mutu wake kumbuyo. Komanso, mbalameyo imapanga phokoso losamveka bwino komanso kuwomba kwa lipenga kofanana ndi kubangula. Panthawi yovina mating'i, amatambasula mapiko ake, omwe amafikira 2 m, akukhala pamiyendo yake ndikusintha mutu wake kuyambira phewa lina kupita kwina.
Ngakhale zopusa za nthiwatiwa, zimasamala kwambiri
Onse osamalira ana, kuphatikizapo kuwaswa, ali m'gawo la udindo wamphongo. Mukusamalira anapiye amtsogolo, zazikazi zimayikira mazira atsopano patsogolo pake, omwe amawzungulira mosamala.
Amuna mbeta
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kuyikira dzira? M'nkhani yapadera, mutha kudziwa zambiri zosangalatsa za mazira a nthiwatiwa.
- Anthu okhwima amaikira mazira 7 mpaka 9.
- Mu chisa chimodzi nthawi zambiri chimachokera ku 15 mpaka 25 zidutswa.
- Ndi kuchepa kwamphongo zomwe zimawonedwa m'malo ophera mbalame zochuluka, mpaka mazira 50 ali mchisa.
- Kutalika kwa nthawi ndi miyezi 1.5.
- Kholo limasamalira ana usiku, ndipo masana limapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
- Kulemera kwa akhanda ndi 1,2 kg.
Chifukwa chakuti thupi laimuna limaphimba mazira 30 monga momwe angathere, sangathe kubereka ana ena ambiri
Patsiku la 2, anapiyewa amathandizidwa kale kuti azitulutsa chakudya.
Nyama yopota
Zakudya zothandiza. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ku cholesterol, amathanso kuwombera Turkey. Nyamayi yakhala yofiyira. Kukomerako kumafanana ndi kola. Wotchuka kwambiri m'maiko a ku Europe ndi Asia. Nyama ya Ostrich imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika nyama yophika, mipanda ya nyama, masitepe ndi zakudya zazing'ono. Mochulukirapo mumakhala zitsulo, manganese, phosphorous, potaziyamu, mavitamini a nicotinic komanso mavitamini a B.
Kalori nyama - 98 kcal pa 100 g yophika mankhwala
Mazira opota
Chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma pokhudza thupi la mbalame - chaching'ono kwambiri. Kulemera kwakukulu kumachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2 kg. Izi zikufanana nkhuku 35. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 13. Chigoba cholimba, 0,6 mm wandiweyani, chimatha kupirira kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu. Mtundu - zonona, udzu kapena zoyera.
Zothandiza ndikuwopseza kudya mazira a nthiwatiwa
Mawonekedwe ndi Maonekedwe
Nthiwatiwa imakhala ndi kukula kwa thupi. Kulemera kwake kwamoyo ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 150 ndikukula pafupifupi mita 2! Nyama imapatsidwa miyendo yamphamvu, khosi lalikulu. Mapiko ake amakwezedwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi thupi. Palinso maso owala ndi eyelashes. Ostriches mwachilengedwe amapatsidwa nthenga zokhotakhota. Utoto mwachindunji umatengera jenda ndi mitundu. Ngati zakutchire, mbalame zazikulu zimapitilirabe ku Australia, South-West ndi East Africa, ndiye kuti panyumba zimasungidwa pamafamu angapo a nthiwatiwa. Zambiri zomwe zimapezeka mdziko lathu.
Nthiwatiwa sikutha kuuluka, koma m'malo mwake imathawa mwachangu zikafuna ngozi. Imatha kuthamanga mpaka 70 km pa ola limodzi. Mbalame zotere zimasankhidwa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pafupi ndi apo mutha kupeza nyama monga mbidzi ndi mbawala. Mtundu wamtunduwu sukusokoneza mbalame kapena nyama zotchulidwa zomwe zimakhala nawo mwamtendere. Zovala zamtchire zimapangidwa mwachilengedwe komanso zimakonda kukhala mwamtendere ndi anthu.
Mu vivo, ali pafupi omnivorous. M'madera otentha ndizovuta kupeza zakudya zamitundu mitundu. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku chakudya cha mbewu. Osanyalanyaza madyerero a nyama zodya nyama, tizilombo touluka ndi zokwawa. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kukhala wopanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali. Zomwezi zimafunanso madzi. Ponena za ana, nthawi zambiri amphongo amakhala ndi akazi awiri kapena anayi. Pambuyo umuna, zimakonda kuyikira mazira onse mu chisa chimodzi. Wamphongo amakonda kubera mwana pawokha, ndipo amatenga imodzi yaazikazi ngati othandizira.
Ostriches pa kubadwa imalemera pafupifupi 1 kg. Kuyambira pa kubadwa, amapatsidwa mphamvu yoti azitha kuwona, kusuntha mwachizolowezi, ndipo pambuyo pa tsiku, zomwe zimadutsa kuchokera nthawi yomwe azibadwa, amatha kupeza chakudya mosavuta pazosowa zawo. Ngati panthawi yomwe mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu zimaswanirana kuti zizisamalira mokwanira, mbalame zathanzi zimatha kukhalabe pagulu mpaka zaka 75! Alimi nthawi zambiri amakonda kupanga mafamu a nthiwatiwa zonse kuti apeze nthenga zabwino za miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zovala. Mazira amadyedwa. Kope imodzi yokha imatha kudyetsa anthu ambiri. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi khungu la nyama ndi nkhuku. Ndipo nthiwatiwa kuthamanga ndi kukwera pa nthiwatiwa zimapatsa olumikizana nawo malingaliro abwino ambiri.
Mitundu ndi Mitundu
Kenako, tikambirana za mitundu yodziwika ya nthiwatiwa zamakono, zomwe akulu ndi ana amakonda kwambiri. Mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino yamafamu oyenera kubereka kunyumba, pali mitundu ina ya nthiwatiwa monga ku Africa, Emu ndi Nandu. Chilichonse mwazomwe zili ndi zake, zomwe tikambirana pambuyo pake.
Nthiwatiwa za ku Africa
Mtunduwu umagawidwa m'magulu anayi apamwamba. Ena mwa iwo ndi nthiwatiwa zakuda za ku Africa, Namibian, Zimbabwe ndi Masai. Mbalame za Massai zimadziwika chifukwa chamwano. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kukwaniritsa kubzala kwa mbalame ndi chisonyezo chachikulu chobzala nyama, alimi adasinthana kudutsa izi ndi nzika yaku Zimbabwe. Kunja, nthiwatiwa ya ku Africa ndi yokongola kwambiri. Mtundu wa nthenga zake, aliyense amatha kuwona mitundu yoyera ndi yakuda.
Posunga nyama yotere, kutentha mkati mwa + 22 ... + 36 madigiri ndi koyenera.
Pamafunika kukhala paddock. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimayenera kusamutsidwira kukhola. Poyamba, mbalame yotereyi idasungidwa ndi akatswiri kuti apeze nthenga ndi khungu losalala. Kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi munthu, chiweto choterocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosasangalatsa ndikuyankhulana ndi mwini famuyo mosangalala.
Nthenga zanyumba
Yovomerezeka m'mbuyomu. Popeza sanapangidwe kuti azikopeka, kale anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zankhondo. M'masiku akale, adakongoletsa zipewa za akazi.
Pamwamba la kutchuka linaonedwa m'zaka za zana la XVIII. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zidachotsedwa m'malo akulu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mabungwe achi Arab adasokonezeka kwambiri kotero kuti pakati pa zaka zana zapitazo adasowa.
Kufunikira kwa nthenga za nthiwatiwa kunapangitsa kuti koyambirira kwa zaka za XX. Matani okwana 370 a zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku Africa amatumizidwa kunja kwa Africa chaka chilichonse.
Mitsempha yamagazi imadutsa nthenga zonse
Wamba kapena North African Ostrich
Masamba akulu kwambiri.
- kutalika - 2.74 m,
- kulemera - mpaka 156 kg
- Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kolimba, mawonekedwe ake ndi nyenyezi.
- miyendo ndi khosi mofiira
- Pamutu pake pali dazi.
Malo okhala mpaka posachedwa adazungulira madera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, kuyambira ku Uganda kumwera mpaka ku Egypt kumpoto. Tsopano afalikira ku gawo la mayiko aku West Africa.
Mbalame zofanana ndi nthiwatiwa za african
Mitundu ingapo ya mbalame imadziwika yomwe imawoneka ngati nthiwatiwa, koma siiri a banja la Ostrich.
Tebulo 2. Kufotokozera za mawonekedwe akunja.
Dzina la mbalame | Makhalidwe akulu |
---|---|
Mayina ena ndi Rhea Wocheperako kapena Rhea Woleza mtima. Mbalame yayikulu yosawuluka yokhala ndi imvi kapena bulauni-imvi yambiri ndi mawanga oyera. Kutalika kumbuyo ndi pafupifupi 90 masentimita, kulemera kwa thupi kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 25 kg. Malo omwe amakhala ndi kumwera kwa Argentina, Bolivia ndi Tierra del Fuego. | |
Kutalika - 1.5m, kulemera kwakukulu - 80 kg. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kufalikira kwa chisoti pamutu wosasunthika. Mtundu wa nthenga pa thupi ndi wakuda. M'malo ochepera awiri, ndolo zowala zimakhala pakhosi. Amakhala m'malo otentha aku Australia, New Guinea ndi zilumba zoyandikana nawo. | |
Mbalame yayikulu yosawuluka kuchokera ku Cassowary. Kukula - kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 1.7 m, kulemera kwa thupi - kuchokera pa 45 mpaka 55 kg. Mitundu ya nthenga ndi yaimvi. Wosakhazikika ku Australia. | |
Wamba kapena Northern Rhea. Miyoyo ku South America. Kukula - kuyambira 1.27 mpaka 1.4 m, kulemera kwa thupi - kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 kg. Mitundu ya nthenga ndi yaimvi. Nthawi zina pamakhala maalubino okhala ndi maso akuda kwambiri. |
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbalamezi kuchokera ku nthiwatiwa zaku Africa: kupezeka kwa zala zitatu ndi khosi lokhala ndi utoto.
Upangiri ndi tsatane-tsatane malangizo
Kuchulukitsidwa kunapangitsa kuti alimi ayambe kugwira ntchito zoweta. Kukhala mu ukapolo, mbalamezo zidawonetsa kusasunthika ku mndende ndikusinthika kwina ku nyengo zatsopano. Mayiko opitilira 50 akuswana mbalamezi, kuphatikiza mayiko ozizira ngati Sweden.
Nthiwatiwa imatha kuthandizira kulemera kwa munthu ndikuyiyendetsa mtunda wautali.
Nyama yowonda komanso yolimba poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina za pafamu. Kukoma kuli pafupi ndi ng'ombe. Zipolopolo za mazira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikumbutso. Nthenga sizofunikira kwambiri, koma chikopa chovala, chomwe ndichinthu chapadera pamaonekedwe, chimayamikiridwa. Mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology ndi mankhwala, chifukwa ali ndi katundu wa antiseptic. Mabatani am'mafashoni amapangidwa kuchokera ku zibwano, ndipo mazira okhutiritsa kwambiri amapangidwa kuchokera mazira.
Zinthu zopanga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Gawo 1. Kuunika Kufunika
Ndalama zitha kulandilidwa kale zaka 2 zitakhazikitsidwa.
- kusinthasintha kwanyengo ya Russia,
- kukana matenda
- kuthekera kwazikazi yoikira mazira zaka 40,
- mwayi wopindulitsa ndikugulitsa mbalame yonse, kuphatikizapo zikhadabo ndi eyelashes,
- mtengo wotsika wa chakudya,
- zofuna zokhazikika pazogulitsa, makamaka megacities.
Ku Russia, zosowa zamagulu a nthiwatiwa zangokhala 2% yotseka.
Kupindula kwa munda ndi kasamalidwe koyenera ka bizinesi ndi 150%.
Kukhazikika kolipira - kupitirira chaka chimodzi
Gawo 2. Kusanthula pamsika ndi mtengo womwe wakonzekera
Musanagule nyama zazing'ono, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire pamsika pazowerengera ndalama zomwe zakonzedwa komanso mtengo wamalonda. Ndizofunikanso kupeza maziko a makasitomala pasadakhale ndikulemba ntchito antchito kukonza.
- anapiye ndi okwera mtengo - kuyambira 8 00 mpaka 10 000 rubles,
- kumaswa dzira - ma ruble 3 000,
- Kuyendetsa nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuchokera kumadera akutali, komwe kumawonjezera mtengo wake,
- paulendo, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa mbalame.
Mtengo kapena kubwereka kwa malo kumadalira malowa. Popeza mukusowa dera lalikulu, mtengo wake udzakhala wokwera.
Nthaka yomwe mabowa azisungirako ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi udzu
Pafupifupi kuchokera kwa banja lokhalo limodzi mwa akulu mutha kupeza phindu kuchokera pamsika:
- Anapiye 40 okwera mtengo kuchokera ku ruble 8,000 mpaka 10,000. - kuchokera ku ruble 320,000 mpaka 400,000.,
- Mazira 40 aliyense ma ruble 1,000 kapena 3,000. - kuchokera ku ruble 40,000 mpaka 120,000.,
- 1 800 makilogalamu a nyama a 250 sludge 850 rubles. pa kilogalamu 1 - kuchokera 450,000 mpaka 1,530,000 rubles.,
- 50 m² achikopa pamtengo wa 3,000 mpaka 7,000 kwa 1.2 m² - kuchokera ku ruble 150,000 mpaka 350,000.
Ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku famuyi pokhapokha pakugulitsa nyama zazing'ono ndi ma ruble 400,000. mchaka
Gawo 3. Kusankhidwa kwa malo omangidwa
Njira zitatu zakukula ndizotchuka:
- Zowopsa. Zimatanthawuza njira yokhazikika, makonzedwe a zolembera, kupeza chofungatira ndi kututa zakudya zobiriwira.
- Zowonjezera. Zoyenera zigawo zakumwera. Mbalame zimakhala m'malo achilengedwe, zomwe zimathandizira kudyetsa kwawo. Zotsatira zake, mazira ambiri amakhala ndi umuna.
- Zosakanizidwa. Zamagawo ozizira. M'chilimwe, mbalame zimasungidwa m'makola, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimasungidwa. Njira yabwino kwa alimi a nkhuku oyamba kumene.
Adapanganso njira ziwiri zoberekera: osakwatiwa komanso angapo. Poyamba, nyama zazing'ono zimamera zokha kuti zikhale zomaliza. Yachiwiri ikuyesa kukonzekera zaka zingapo.