Simuyenera kusokoneza mbewa ndi mbewa wamba, chifukwa siolimba ayi, koma ndi ya gulu la anyani. Mwinanso woimira ang'ono kwambiri m'gululi Wochenjera - wakupha ambiri mwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Nyama yaying'onoyo ili ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha ma boti pankhope, kuyang'ana komwe mumamwetulira mosanyinyirika.
Kodi cholembera chimadya chiyani?
Nyama ndizosowa, chakudya chachikulu ndi tizilombo, mphutsi zawo, nyongolotsi. Osanyoza achule ang'onoang'ono, abuluzi, ana aing'ono ang'onoang'ono. Amadyetsa amapezeka mothandizidwa ndi fungo komanso kukhudza. Shrew nthawi zonse amafunafuna zakudya zawo. Kwa tsiku limodzi amadya chakudya chochuluka kuposa nthawi ziwiri kapena zingapo kuposa iwo. Pakati pa chakudya amagona pang'ono. Pali zinthu ngati 80 zamagetsi izi patsiku.Palibe chakudya, mbambo zimafa m'maola 7-9, kapena zimagwera munthawi yochepa komanso kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Samachita hibernate.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Chifukwa cha kupatsa chidwi, amakhulupirira kuti malezala ndiwothandiza pakuwononga tizilombo tambiri ndi mphutsi zake. Kuphatikiza apo, zimachitika chaka chonse ndikupita kutali kwa zolengedwa zina zopanda chitetezo: pansi pa chipale chofewa, miyala, mitengo, mozama.
Mimbulu imatulutsa fungo lamphamvu losasangalatsa, chifukwa chomwe nyama zina zimazisiya zosadziwika (nkhandwe, amphaka). Komabe, fungo ili siliwopseza kadzidzi, limafinya ndi mafinya, limadya popanda kunyansidwa.
Ngakhale dothi, momwe nyama zimakhalamo, limamasuka ndikulemera ndi mpweya, siabwino kukula mbewu iliyonse.
Nyama zazing'ono zimakonda kusaka chakudya, motero zimayenera kudutsa pakati, kupyola m'ming'alu yachilendo. Potere, mavu amawononga mizu yazomera zomwe zimapezeka m'njira zawo. Nthaka yoponyedwa pamtunda imakhala cholepheretsa mzere wa usodzi ku ma trimm. Atakumana ndi madera oterowo, iye amaphulika nthawi yomweyo.
Momwe mungasiyanitse ndi cholembera kuchokera kwa mole
Kunja, malezala amawoneka ngati timadontho. Kusiyana kwawo ndi chiyani?
Mole Monga lamulo, ndi yokulirapo kuposa momwe limakhalira, kutalika kwake ndi 15 cm, ndipo limalemera kwambiri - mpaka 100-140 g. Mchirawo ndi wautali wa 4cm. Mutu wake umakhala wamtali, wokhutira ndi proboscis, ukuupanga kuti ukhale wofanana ndi womata. Thupi limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Komanso, ubweya wa ubweya umakula mwachindunji, kulola nyamayo kuyenda mobisika mbali iliyonse, muluwo umagona mosavuta mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Miyendo ya mole imakhala ngati zipsepse, zotembenukira kunja, ndizovala zazitali. Izi zimathandizira kuti moleyo idutse mosavuta ngalande zapansi. Ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, amaponya pansi panja. Maso ndi makutu ndi ochepa, ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi.
Wochenjera , mosiyana ndi mole, nyamayo ndi yaying'ono, mpaka masentimita 5. Mchirawo umatha kukhala wawokulirapo kuposa kutalika kwa thupi lake. Chovalacho ndi chofewa, chosalala bwino ngati utoto. Mosiyana ndi mole, miyendo yake ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi zibwano zazing'ono, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lowala. Maso ali ang'ono, osawonekera.
Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mink. Ngati timadontho-timiyala totumphukira pamwamba, maimbidwe - miluwelu. Mphepo zimangokhala ndi mabowo pansi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'miyala, m'makutu, mbewa, makoswe, hamsters.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Zinyama zazing'ono mawonekedwe ake ndizofanana ndi mbewa wamba, koma zimakhala ndi chisa, chokhala ngati mtundu wa phenoscis. Zolembazi zimaphatikizanso nthumwi zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimachokera ku gulu loyang'anira zinyama, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi polydent (Suncus etruscus) ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono (Sorex minutissimus), yemwe kutalika kwa thupi lake sikuposa 30-50 mm, wokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi 3.0-3.3 mzati
Mawonekedwe
Mutu wamakutu ndi wokulirapo, wokhala ndi gawo lakumaso ndi mphuno, wolumikizidwa kukhala mofooka komanso wowoneka bwino. Maso a nyama ndi ochepa. Malekezero a nyama yosatetezedwa ndi afupiafupi, asanu. Ubweya wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wamfupi kwambiri. Mchira umatha kukhala wamfupi kwambiri kapena wopanga nthawi yayitali, wopitilira kutalika kwa thupi.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Malembedwe achikazi ali ndi nipple 6-10, ndipo testes yamphongo imakhala mkati mwa thupi, pomwe chiwalo chokwanira cha nyama yayikulu ndi chachikulu kwambiri, mpaka 70% kutalika kwa thupi.
Bokosi la chigaza limakhala locheperako komanso lalitali, lotchulidwa m'deralo. Ubongo umakulitsidwa, chomwe ndichinthu chapadera pakati pa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa. Kuchuluka kwa ubongo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a kulemera kwa thupi, komwe kumakulitsa kwambiri mawonekedwe a anthu ndi ma dolphin. Zing'anga za Zygomatic m'mapanga sizikupezeka konse, ndipo chiwerengero chonse cha mano ndi 2626 zidutswa.
Zoyambitsa kutsogolo, makamaka zotsika, zimakulitsidwa kwambiri. Kusinthanitsa mano oyamba ndi mano osatha kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pakukula kwa embryonic, chifukwa chake ana a mseru amabadwa ndi mano athunthu. Kutseguka ndi maliseche kumazungulira khungu. M'mphepete mwa thupi ndi muzu wa mchirayo pali tiziwalo timene timatulutsa chinsinsi chomwe chimakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Mtima wogundika umapumira ndi liwiro la 680-700, ndipo mwamantha, kugunda kwa mtima kumakwera mpaka 1100-1200 kugunda. Oimira kalasi Mammals, MaInsectivores ndi ma Family Shrews ali ndi mantha kwambiri. Kugwedezeka mwamphamvu konse, kuphatikizapo mkokomo wa bingu kapena miyala yamabingu, imatha kupha nyama yosavulaza.
Moyo, machitidwe
Mitundu yambiri imakonda malo onyowa, ndipo mamembala ena am'banjali amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azikhala amoyo wamadzi. Mphepo zimasungidwa zokhazokha, zimatha kukumba palokha mokhazikika kapena kukakhala m'nyumba za nyama zina zopasuka, kuphatikiza timadontho ndi makoswe. Nthawi zina mizere imatha kukhazikika mkati mwa chitsa kapena mitengo yakugwa, pansi pa mitengo, ngakhale nyumba za anthu. Chidacho chimakhala ndi masamba owuma ndi udzu. Chinyama chilichonse chimakhala ndi malo ake osakira, kukula kwake komwe nthawi zambiri kumafika masikweya mita khumi.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Zidutswa zosiyidwa popanda chakudya zimafa msanga. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yaying'ono imatha kufa m'maola 7-16 okha, ndi kakhola kakang'ono pafupifupi maola asanu.
Mtundu wamtundu uliwonse umakhala wopanda vuto, koma mwa kusowa kwa chakudya, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimakhalapo kwakanthawi pang'ono zimatha kuchitika, limodzi ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kwa thupi. Mbawala zazifupi-zozungulira zomwe zimakhala ku Canada ndi USA komanso odula wamba, okhala m'mphepete mwa nkhokwe zachilengedwe ku Russia, ndi oimira nyama zazing'ono zapoizoni. Chidacho chimakhudza ngakhale anthu, motero malo olumidwa amatupa kwambiri.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Pakadali pano, zolembera sizinaphunziridwe pang'ono, makamaka chifukwa cha moyo wamadzulo komanso kupezeka pafupipafupi pansi. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti zisonyezo zokhudzana ndi kugonana zosiyanasiyananso pakuonekera sizikupezeka pakati pa oimira ma Insectivores ndi banja Zemroyoykie.
Mitundu Yopanga
Masiku ano, pafupifupi mitundu mazana atatu a malembedwe amadziwika, koma makina ndi mitundu yake, malupanga ndi mitundu, komanso njovu zam'madzi ndi madzi ndizofala. Chingwe chaching'ono kwambiri ndicho choyimira zazing'ono kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita 30-50 mm. Nyama imadziwika ndi dzina lake kuti ndi enamel wa bulauni, yomwe ili pamalangizo a mano ndikuyiteteza kuti isayambenso kupera. Chovala chokhala ndi beru chimakhalanso ndi utoto wonyezimira.
Mbambo yocheperako mano kapena mbendera imayimira mitundu yayitali ya carnivores ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu woyera wa enamel ya mano. Miyeso ya thupi siyidutsa 70 mm. Nyama iyi ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo imadziwika ndi chovala cha imvi. Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri cha shrews chimphona chachikulu, mpaka kukula kwa 15 cm ndi mchira wa kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Mtundu wa chovala cha shrew umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi yopepuka mpaka pafupifupi yakuda.
Zingwe zam'madzi kapena zotumphukira wamba ndizopanda chitetezo chachikulu chomwe chimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi atsopano. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka nyama zamadzi izi zimayimiriridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa tsitsi lolimba pamawondo, chifukwa chomwe kuyenda koyenda m'madzi kumatsimikiziridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo imakhala ndi chovala chosavala madzi. Maonekedwe ake, nyamayo imafanana ndi mtundu wamadzi amtundu wamtambo wokhala ndi mthunzi wopepuka m'mimba.
Ma mbewa ngati mbewa amagwira ntchito masana komanso nthawi yausiku. Ubweya wa zotelera zotere ndi wowoneka bwino komanso wofewa kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wake wa chovalacho umasiyanasiyana kuyambira pakhungu ndi imvi mpaka yakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 60-110 mm, ndipo kumalemera mpaka 21-23 g00.Malifupi omata amtundu waku America ali m'gulu la malezala akulu ndi owopsa okhala ndi mchira wamfupi, miyendo yakuda ndi utoto wakuda.
Zingwe zamtchire ndizocheperako pang'ono, ndipo kutalika kwa matupi awo, monga lamulo, ndi 45-100 mm, ndi kulemera kwa 3-12 g. Kutalika konse kwa mchira wake kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Nyamayo imakhala ndi ubweya wautali komanso wowoneka bwino pamutu wakumbuyo komanso mbali yotsika pang'ono.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Zinthu zakutchire za ku Uganda zomwe zimagwira ndikulora zimaloleza nyama yotero kuti izitha kulimbana mosavuta ndi katundu wambiri mthupi, kupitirira kulemera kwake nthawi chikwi.
Wotchi yokhala ndi zida za ku Uganda, yochokera ku zolengedwa zina zoyamwitsa, ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mafupa. Mtunduwu wakhala ukuonedwa ngati monotypic, koma mu 2013, Torah shrew wokhala ndi mawonekedwe omwewo adafotokozedwa. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi 12-15 masentimita, ndi mchira wa kutalika kwa 7-10 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa thupi la 110 g. Tsitsi loonda komanso lakuda limakhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wamtundu.
Habitat, malo okhala
Shawuli ndi pafupifupi ubiquitous, kupatula madera a polar a Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand ndi South America kumwera kwa Ecuador, Venezuela ndi Colombia. Nyama yosavutikayi imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizaponso tundra, mapiri otentha komanso madera ena achipululu. M'mapiri, nyama zimatha kukwera mpaka 3500-4000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.
Piedorak wokhalamo amakhala m'chigawo cha Caspian cha dziko lathu, ku Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan ndi Turkmenistan. Madera osiyanasiyana a ku Kongo amachokera ku Central African Republic ndi ku Cameroon kupita kummawa kwa Uganda komanso ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Malo omwe amakhala ndi nkhalango zam'malo otentha omwe ali pamtunda wa 200-2350 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Shinto yokhala ndi zida za ku Uganda ikhoza kupezeka munkhalango zotentha, zodzaza ndi kumpoto kwa Congo, ku Rwanda ndi Uganda.
Kugawidwa kwa nkhondo kunachokera ku gawo la Nigeria kupita ku Tanzania ndi Uganda. Malo okhala zinyama zoterezi amayimiriridwa makamaka ndi nkhalango. Oyimira ambiri amakhala makamaka korona wa mitengo, koma ena amatha kukhala padziko lapansi. Malo okhala ndi mbewa ngati mbewa ndi nkhalango komanso chinyontho, ndipo malembawo amapezeka m'malo otentha, ku taiga ku Europe, North America ndi Asia. Kutory, kapena madzi amasungunuka kuchokera ku mtundu wa zinyama zam'madzi zokhala m'madzi, zimakhala m'mphepete mwa malo osungira madzi ambiri opanda mchere.
Pa gawo la malo amodzi, okhala mahekitala mazana angapo a malo, palibe anthu angapo achikulire a zolengedwa zotere zomwe sangakhale ndi moyo. Mwakufuna kwawo, ogwiritsa ntchito sakonda kusamukira konse, chifukwa chake, pamoyo wawo wonse, nyama zotere zimayesetsa kutsatira gawo limodzi. Chosiyana ndi kuchotsedwa kwanyama kwa anthu. Gawo litatha kupendedwa mosamala kwambiri, mbewa imapita kudera loyandikana nalo, komwe amayembekeza kuti kuonekanso tizirombo tatsopano tofanizira.
Chopanga chakumanzere
Shrew ndi nyama zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimatha kudya makamaka tizilombo, gawo lawo lazambiri, komanso nyongolotsi. Nyama ya mamalia imakonda kulimbana ndi mahule ang'onoang'ono oimiridwa ndi achule, abuluzi, ana amphongo ang'onoang'ono. Chakudyachi chimaphatikizanso mitundu yaying'ono ya nsomba, amphibians ndi tizilombo.
Amadyetsa amafunidwa ndi fungo lakuthwa bwino komanso wogwira. Malinga ndi asayansi, mitundu ina ya malembedwewa imakhala ikusokosera. Oimira oterewa Insectivores ndi banja la Shrew metabolism amadziwika ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Chakudya chokondweretsa cha shrews chimaperekedwa:
- Zimbalangondo
- tsamba la masamba
- Mukhoza nsikidzi
- aulesi
- nsabwe zamatabwa,
- mbozi
- akangaude
- nyansi
- mphutsi za tizilombo tizirombo.
Masana, nyama yocheperako imadya chakudya chambiri chomwe chimaposa kuchuluka kwake pakamodzi ndi theka kapena kawiri.
Zofunika! Kumbukirani kuti mukamafunafuna chakudya chokwanira, mbendera imatha kuwononga mizu yazomera zam'munda, ndikufa.
Pachifukwa ichi, ma shrew amatha kudyetsa pafupifupi mosalekeza, amapuma nthawi yochepa pokhapokha pogona. M'nyengo yozizira, njala, kumwalira mwachangu, kotero ochepa okha, monga lamulo, amapulumuka kumapeto kwa mvula.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Shrews zimaswana imodzi kapena ziwiri, katatu pachaka. Nthawi ya bere imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Mu zinyalala zilizonse zoterezi pali kuyambira ana anayi kapena anayi omwe amabadwa ali khungu ndi amaliseche. Kwa ana obadwa kumene kwa shrews, kukhalapo kwa phenoscis yopanda mapangidwe kumakhala kakhalidwe, komwe kumapangitsa mawonekedwe kuwoneka ngati osafunikira. Nyengo yachilimwe, nthawi yabwino, mayi m'modzi amakhala ndi ana pafupifupi anayi. Nthawi yomweyo, ena mwaiwo ali ndi nthawi yoti abadwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe ichi.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali pokonza chisa kuti adzagwire ana amtsogolo, koma pakalibe umboni wonena kuti zolengedwa zimakhala nyama zamitala kapena zodandaula.
Mkati mwa chisa mumaphatikizika ndi zinthu zowuma zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi udzu kapena masamba. Mu chisa chotere, ana amakula msanga, chifukwa chake atakwanitsa milungu inayi amayamba kudzipatula. M'mapanga, mkazi ndi ana ake amasunthidwa ndi unyolo kapena wotchedwa "kanyumba", komwe anthu onse amagwiritsitsa mchira wina ndi mano awo.
Oyimira achichepere a Mamiliyoni a kalasi, dongosolo la Insectivores ndi mabanja a Shrews amadziwika ndi luso lodabwitsa, lotchedwa "chimbale cha Denel". Pofika nthawi yophukira, zolengedwa zachilengedwe zoterezi zimachepetsa kukula kwa thupi, limodzi ndi thonje. Pakati pa Epulo ndi Juni, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa voliyumu, komanso kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa ubongo, kumachitika.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani a zolengedwa zam'chilengedwe chilengedwe ndi usiku woyenda usiku ndi usana, komanso ma corvids, nyama zina zomwe zimadya. Komabe, nyamazo zimadyedwa ndi oimira ma Insectivores komanso banja la a Shrew mosasamala kwambiri, chifukwa cha fungo lakuthwa komanso losasangalatsa, lotseguka ndi tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana tanyama.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
Nthawi zambiri, mbambo zimawonongedwa ndi anthu ndi ziweto zoimiridwa ndi amphaka ndi agalu.Munthu amalimbana ndi nyama yotere mothandizidwa ndi misampha komanso ziphezi zamankhwala, zomwe zimalongosoleredwa ndi chidwi choteteza mizu ya zipatso ndi mabulosi abzala ndi mbewu zamunda.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chifukwa chakudula mitengo, mitundu ingapo ya nkhalango zamtunduwu tsopano ikuwonedwa kuti ikutha. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gawo lazinthu zokhala ndi moyo, mbewa yokhala ngati mbewa ya Eucentraut ndi mbewa yokhala ngati mbewa ya Rampian, yomwe pakadali pano yatsala pang'ono kutha, yalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chilingwe ndi nyama yopanda mafuta, ndiyotengera dongosolo la chitetezo. Uyu ndiye mdani wazing'onoting'ono kwambiri kuchokera ku banja la abambo. M'mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mbewa wamba, vole, koma amapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi nkhope yake. Mitundu mazana atatu a nyama zachilendozi ndi za banja lopanga, lophatikizidwa m'mabanja awiri apansi:
- Ma shonje (okhala ndi enamel wa mano a bulauni),
- Shrews (nyama zokhala ndi enamel yoyera mano).
M'dziko lathu lokha 21 mitundu ya shrews imakhala. Anthu adazindikira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ali ndi mkwiyo komanso nkhanza, chifukwa chake amawatcha "ziwanda zazing'ono." Ngati mungayang'ane m'mbiri, ndiye zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, wasayansi - zolemba zam'madzi a Topsel adalongosola nyamayi kuti ndi nyama yolusa komanso yoopsa, yomwe imaluma kwambiri, ndipo kuluma kulikonse kumatha kupha. Tiyeni tifotokozere mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ina ya malezala.
Kankhono kakang'ono kwambiri ndi nyama zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, kutalika kwake kumayambira 3 mpaka 5 cm. Nyamayi imatchedwa mayina chifukwa cha mtundu wa enamel wa mano, omwe amaletsa kukukuta mano mwachangu. Mtundu wa tsitsi la nyama umakhalanso ndi bulauni.
The shrew (dwarf polydent) ndi yayikulu pang'ono kuposa yoyamba ija, kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 7. Mtundu wa enamel ya dzino lake, monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, ndi loyera. Kukumana ndi nyamayi ndikosatheka; maonekedwe amkati mwansalu ndi imvi.
Chingwe chachikulu chimayimira banja lake lonse, kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi 15 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi 10. Mtundu wa chovala chake cha ubweya umatha kukhala wa imvi kapena wakuda kwathunthu.
Nthawi zambiri (mapoti am'madzi) amatenga zokongoletsa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamadzi oyera. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya matelera oterewa ndi tsitsi lozungulira pamiyendo, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kusuntha m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, chovala cha ubweya wa nyama iyi ndichopanda madzi, chimakhala chamtambo, ndipo pamimba - kamvekedwe kakang'ono. M'mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe awa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi khoswe yamadzi.
Kodi mbola zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Animal Shrew
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana imakhazikika padziko lathuli. Amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse, satha kupezeka kokha ku Australia, kumadera a polar, New Zealand ndi New Guinea, komanso kumadera a South America komwe kumwera kwa mayiko monga Venezuela, Ecuador ndi Colombia.
Zilombo zopanda chitetezo izi zimatha kukhala m'madera osiyanasiyana:
- Madera otsika
- M'mapiri (mpaka 4 km),
- M'madambo ndi zipululu.
- M'malo amvula otentha,
- M'malo onyowa.
Nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi zake, gawo lomwe imayang'aniridwira mwamphamvu kuti pasapezeke alendo omwe sanadziwe. Ngati wina walowa m'gululi, ndiye kuti kumenyera malo osaka kuyambika, zotsatira zake zitha kupha mmodzi wa omenyerawo. Shrew amabwera kunkhondo osati ndi mtundu wawo wokha, komanso mbewa ndi abuluzi.
Burrows imakhala pothaŵirapo ndi nyumba ya ometa, koma iwo amadzikumba okha, ndikuyesa kutenga dzenje la munthu wina. Ngati atafunika kudzikonzera okha pobisalira, ndiye kuti amakonza.
M'maenje ovuta mumasungidwa mitengo yopanda, yomwe imaperekanso nyumba zawo. M'makola awo, matumba amapanga zinyalala zofewa komanso zabwino kuchokera masamba a chaka chatha. Palibe chovuta kunena kuti anthu omata ndi nyama zomwe zimangokhala m'mbali zonse moyo wawo waufupi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Garden Shrew
Ngakhale masiku ano, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika ndi zizolowezi ndi chikhalidwe cha ochenjera, samamvetseka bwino, chifukwa amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumbo a dziko lapansi. Amuna ali pafupifupi osadziwika kwa akazi.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama izi ndizilakalaka, chilichonse chimakhala ndi zake, zomwe zimateteza mosamala kwa alendo. Wochenjera amatha kumenya nkhondo mwamphamvu chifukwa cha magawidwe ake ndi alendo osapemphedwa, sawopa kugunda mbewa yayikulu ndi buluzi. Amawaganizira kwambiri.
Kumbali inayi, nyamayi ndi yopanda malire komanso yamanyazi, yokhala ndi mitsempha pachokhumudwitsa, imatha kukhala ndi mantha mpaka kufa ngakhale kubangula. Hibernation ndi yachilendo kwa nyamazo, koma pakakhala chakudya chochepa, khungubwe imagwera mtundu wamtundu waufupi, ndipo kutentha kwake kwa thupi kumatsika kwambiri pakadali pano.
Zingwe zazifupi-zozungulira, zolembedwa ku Canada ndi USA, ndi zomata zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'dziko lathu m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi ndi nyama zapoizoni, kuluma komwe kumapweteka kwambiri kwa munthu ndikuyambitsa kutupa kwa malo olumidwa, ndipo kwa nyama zazing'ono zambiri kuluma kumeneku kumangofa.
Ponena za nthawi yokhala ndi moyo, zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri ndipo zimangokhala chaka ndi theka. Zimadziwika kuti zazikazi zimakhala mwezi wotalikirapo kuposa zazimuna. Nayi kukwiya kosangalatsa ndi kawiri konse pamakina: kumbali imodzi, amakhala amantha kwambiri komanso amanyazi, ndipo, kumbali yake, amakhala ankhanza komanso osatsimikizika.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Shrew Hatchling
Monga tanena kale, mbawala zimakonda kukhala kwayekha m'malo awo akutali. Nyama izi zimasamba kuyambira katatu mpaka katatu pachaka. Kubala kumatenga milungu iwiri. Mu ana, akhonza kukhala ndi ana anayi mpaka 14 omwe amabadwa osaona komanso opanda tsitsi.
Zilonda za ana zatsopano zimakhazikitsidwa bwino, motero makanda amawoneka osafunikira. Mu nthawi yabwino nthawi ya chilimwe, wamkazi mmodzi amatha kulera ana pafupifupi 40, ndipo nyama zina zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nthawi yopezera ana awo nthawi yotentha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: makolo onse awiri amakonzekeretsa chisa cha ana amtsogolo, ngakhale asayansi sanadziwikebe ngati ma shina ali amtala kapena amitala.
Pabedi lofewa la masamba owuma, ana amakula msanga, ndipo mwezi umodzi amadzilamulira okha. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe mbowo imayendera limodzi ndi mbadwa mu gonshoot, ndikugwira mano ake kumiyendo iliyonse. Kuchokera kutali, amafanana ndi sitima, pomwe aliyense wa anawo amakhala ngati trailer. Komabe, ngati kholilo lidasokera, ndiye kuti alengeza ndi mawu ake, amayiwo amayimitsa "sitimayo" ndikuyang'ana yotayikayo, ndiye kuti kayendedwe ka injini amayambiranso.
Ndikofunika kunena za luso lapadera la olengedwa, lotchedwa "Chizindikiro cha Denel", limadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa thupi ndikayamba nyengo yozizira kwambiri, cranium imakhala yosanja. Mu Epulo, kukula kwake kumawonjezereka. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ndizachilendo m'moyo wamtundu waung'ono ngati bulu.
Kuteteza Kwa Wochenjera
Chithunzi: Shrew Red Book
Zovuta zomwe zili ndi nkhwangwa zamtchire ndizabwino kwambiri masiku ano, mtunduwu umawonedwa kuti uli pangozi. Makina onga ngati mbewa ya Eisentraut komanso kota wokhala ngati mbewewu nawonso ali pangozi. Mitundu yonseyi yalembedwa mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural.
Chingwe chachikulu chimalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation; chimawerengedwa ngati mitundu yosowa kwambiri, yomwe chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri m'zaka mazana awiri apitawa.
Kwenikweni, chifukwa chomwe mitundu ina yochenjera imasanjidwa ngati yokhala pachiwopsezo, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, malo okhalamo nyama momwe nyama zinkakhalamo, chifukwa chaulimi, kukulitsa ntchito yomanga anthu. Zonsezi zimakhudza unyinji wa nyama zambiri, kuphatikiza banja lanyumba.
Mapeto ake, zikuwonjezerabe kuwonjezera kuti moyo wa kangale kakang'ono ndi kochepa kwambiri, koma kwambiri komanso kosangalatsa. Kupita mu tsatanetsatane wake, mutha kuphunzira zatsopano zambiri komanso zachilendo. Chovuta chachikulu cha ambiri ndikutengera kwake ngati mbewa wamba, koma shala si chikwanje ayi, koma chinyama chaching'ono kwambiri komanso chosasinthika, chomwe ndi mabingu a tizirombo tambiri.
Momwe mungachotsere kanyumba munyumba yamtunda (dimba)
Momwe mungachotsere shala pamalopo, funsoli limadetsa nkhawa anthu ambiri wamaluwa. Kupatula apo, kuwonekera kanyumba kapena munda wotentha, nyamazo zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Komanso, nyamayo ndi yopanda pake, nthawi zambiri imawoneka pamtunda, imavuta kuyimenya. Njira zakuchingira malembedwe ndi zofanana ndewu zolimbana. Gwiritsani ntchito
- mankhwala
- zathupi
- zamakina
- njira zachikhalidwe
Mankhwala
Pezani zomangira. Thirani zinthu zonunkhira, monga naphthalene, fodya, kapena lembani mink ndi mafuta a dizilo.
Zithandizo zina zothandiza ndi Hunter Antigryzun, The Nutcracker, Ekar, ndi Rat Imfa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera ndi kufa kwa nyama. Ndalama zimagulidwa m'misika yodziwika. Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuwerenga malangizowo, osamagwiritsa ntchito pafupi ndi mitengo komanso tchire.
Ma nyambo wamba amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa mbewa kapena makoswe, omwe amaikidwa pafupi ndi mbewa.
Njira zakuthupi
Gwiritsani ntchito zotchinga, monga ma turntable okhala ndi ndowa, ndowa zamowa. Atakhala ndodo yomira pansi, amapanga phokoso lomwe pansi limapangitsa chisangalalo kwa nyamazo, kuzikakamiza kuti zichoke.
Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito zochingira moto zomwe zimaponyedwa m'dzenjemo ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayikidwa pansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito omwe akupanga omwe akupanga kumapereka zotsatira.
Njira za anthu
Amphaka am'nyumba amathandizira kulimbana ndi shrew. Amphaka ena osaka amatha kuwagwira mu kutentha kosaka kosaka. Koma ndi awa, sadzakhala - nyamazo zimakhala ndi zodutsira zapadera zomwe zimapanga fungo lakuthwa komanso losasangalatsa. Ichi ndiye chitetezo chawo kwa adani ena ang'onoang'ono.
Yesani kubzala marigold pa chiwembu, ochenjera sakonda fungo lawo. Komanso nyama sizimakonda nyemba, nyemba, nandolo, euphorbia. Mwinanso mbewuzo zimawopseza zomata.
Pomaliza
Njira iti yosankha? Palibe njira iliyonse yomwe ndi yabwino poyerekeza ndi zokongola izi, zimawoneka, nyama. Koma mavuto omwe amabwera pamalopo amapangitsa alimiwo kulimbana nawo. Ndinawerenga ndemanga ku nkhani imodzi kuti muyenera kuwasiya okha ndikuwasiya amoyo. Izi zitha kunenedwa kwambiri ndi iwo omwe sanakumanepo ndi mavuto okhala ndiula. Koma nyama zokongola zikaononga mbewu zobzalidwa ndi udzu, sizisankha.
Chingwe chowoneka bwino
Pali mayina a dzino ndi mwana wa Etruscan. Mtundu wa malaya ndi waimvi, pafupi ndi utoto waimvi. Mano akuthwa kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, imakhala ndi kukula kokulirapo, mpaka masentimita 7. Mchira wake umakhala wamtundu wocheperako, koma wowoneka bwino.
Wopanga nkhuni kapena wamba
Mlendo yemwe amakhala pafupipafupi kwambiri, komwe amachokera nkhalango zoyandikana. Amasiyana mtundu wakuda ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wowala pamimba. Imakula osaposa 5 cm.
Khazikika mwamphamvu m'gawo lomwe lakhala likuchita chidwi, kukonza zisa kapena kukhala ndi zinthu zopanda kanthu. Popeza tazolowera malowo ndikuthamangitsidwa, nthawi zambiri zimabwereranso, poganiza kuti ndi zake zokha.
Zowopsa ndi Zopindulitsa
Ndizosatheka kunena kuti nyama zazing'onozi ndizovulaza kwa wozama. Pazakudya zawo ndi tizilombo zovulaza mbewu, zomwe amadya zochuluka. Kulemera kwa zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 1.5-2 nthawi zambiri kuposa zawo, ndipo kususuka ndikwakuti maola 6-7 a njala amatha kupha! Pofufuza chakudya, amakakamizidwa kuyenda mwachangu komanso zambiri, mobisa. Kumbali imodzi, izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pakuthandizira m'nthaka, komanso, zosavulaza, popeza nyamayo imaluma mizu yonse yomwe yakumana nayo panjira, osazengereza komanso osadya. Kuphatikiza apo, mabowo ndi matope a dothi zimawoneka panthaka pano ndi apo, zomwe zimatha kuwononga udzu womwe wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zambiri.
Zizindikiro zakuwoneka bwino patsamba
Zizindikiro zonse zoonekeratu kuti dimba lanu kapena udzu womwe ukukhala nyamayi zimagwirizana mokwanira ndi kukhalapo kwa anthu ena obisika mobisa - ma moles, ma voles akumunda, ndi zina zambiri. Chowona chokhacho cha kupezekapo ndi buku loyamba. Ngati simunapezeke pang'onopang'ono, komanso ma tubers owonongeka, mutha kusiya kuchimwa pamano ndi shala - samadya.
Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti gulu lonse la alendo osadziwika aja likugwira ntchito ku kanyumba, kwenikweni, ikhoza kukhala yokhayo, chifukwa imakonda njira imodzi yamoyo ndikusaka. Zomwe, komabe, sizimamulepheretsa kubereka ana 14 kawiri pachaka, zomwe mu mwezi zimakhazikika pakulimba osati chifukwa chakuti amapita kutali kukafufuza madera awo.
Anthu okhala pansi panthaka amakhala m'madzi pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, m'malo otentha, pansi pa chitsa ndi zovunda komanso malo ena okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi cholembera?
Pali njira zambiri zoopseza nyama izi, komanso kuzithana mwamphamvu. Onsewa amagawidwa pamakina, mankhwala ndi ma elekitiroma. Popeza phindu lopanda kukayika la zovuta izi, mulimonse, muyenera kuyesa kudziletsa kuti muchepetse njira zopewera. Njira zamakina zimaphatikizapo misampha, misampha, zingwe, madzi osefukira pansi ndi madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi fungo lolephera kunyamula nyama, kukopa nyama zina.
Zogulitsa zamakina
Amapangidwa nthawi zambiri ndi dzanja, palibe chovuta nazo. Chachikulu ndichakuti amapanga mokweza mawu kwambiri. Kuchita bwino kwambiri, sikumayikidwa pansi, koma kuyikidwa pansi, mafunde amawuwo amafalikira pansi ndikupanga kugwedezeka kosasangalatsa kwa nyama.
Zigawo zamagetsi ngati amenewa zimatha kupezeka zochuluka. Monga maziko, ndowa ndi zitini zagalasi, mabotolo apulasitiki nthawi zambiri amatengedwa. Njira yosavuta ndikuyiyika pa ndodo yakuzama yachitsulo (pansi pamiyendo) ndikuikonza kuti athe kuyimitsana momasuka ndi kugogoda kuchokera kumphepo.
Ngati mungayesetse pang'ono, mutha kulumikiza tini lothandizira kwa iwo, lomwe lidzagwira ntchito pamalingaliro a ratchet.
Kwa mabotolo apulasitiki, ndikokwanira kupanga mawindo amakona anayi odulidwa kuchokera kumbali zitatu kuzungulira pansi lonse ndikupinda masamba. Valani pini yachitsulo, botolo loterolo limaphulika kuchokera kumphepo ndikupanga mawu akulu.
Kuti isagwe pansi, mphete yosindikizira imapangidwa ndi chilichonse, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa chokutira cha nsalu wamba.
Ma disk osafunikira omangika pa tini amathanso kumva bwino.
Obwezeretsa Akupanga
Njira inanso yamunthu yomwe sikuvulaza nyama. Ma RCD amapanga mawu, nthawi ino sangathe kusiyanitsidwa ndi khutu la munthu, koma osasangalatsa kwambiri makoswe ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Pali mitundu yambiri yogulitsa, ndikofunikira kusankha njira yotseguka. Kunja, nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi msomali chomwe chimamaterera pansi. Kutengera mtunduwo, makulidwewo amatha kuchokera pa 10-20m (Tornado 0ZV) mpaka 1 km (Anticrot).
Chotchinga chotchinga
Nthawi yambiri komanso yodula, koma njira yodalirika.Zimagwiridwa mosavuta pa siteji ya kukhazikitsa mpanda, i.e. yoyenera bwino ngati njira yothanirana, osati kuchokera kumapeto, komanso ku ma voles, ma moles, chimbalangondo, etc. Mauna abwino amapukutidwa mozungulira mzere wozungulira wozama pafupifupi mamita 1.2. Pafupifupi masentimita 15 a m'mphepete mwaulere amasiyidwa pamwamba. Kuzama kumaperekedwa ndi mzere wodalirika; m'modzi mwa alendo omwe sanadalitsidwe sangakhale "akuyenda" pansi paukonde.
Misampha ndi misampha
Zoyeserera zilizonse za mbewa ndi mbewa zomwe zimapangira makoswe ndi tizirombo tina (mbewa, timadontho, makoswe) tichita. Nyongolotsi zilizonse, mphutsi, ndi zina zotere ndizoyenera kugwirira ntchito ngati shala. Palinso msampha wina wapadera womwe umayikidwa mwachindunji pandime zokumbidwa - SuperCat Vole Trap.
Amphaka othandizira ndi agalu
Chiyembekezo chambiri pankhaniyi, ndizachidziwikire, chimapuma ndi amphaka. Ngakhale kuti mwina sangathe kulekerera kununkhira kwa ma swrews osawadya, nthawi zambiri amawagwira mwina chifukwa chofufuza chisangalalo, kapena amangosokonezeka ndi ma voles wamba. Ndikofunikira kumasula osaka kumalowo usiku - ino ndi nthawi yogwira nyama mwachangu pamtunda.
Maphikidwe a anthu
Ubwino wawo wosakayikira ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa maphikidwe wowerengeka, mwachizolowezi, ndiosavuta ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zikuchitika m'nyumba iliyonse. Zanenedwa kale pamwambapa za kuwononga makina okhala ndi fungo lakuthwa komanso losasangalatsa kwa iwo - njira yoyenera kutengera.
Njira yovuta imagwira bwino ntchito ngati njira zingapo zolimbirana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi.
"Chigumula"
Titha kungoganizira za kutalika kwa matanthwe apansi panthaka, momwe ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito "nyumba" za anthu ena. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kuti muthe kutenga payipi ndi madzi ndikuzaza ma mbewa onse omwe adapezeka m'dera lapafupi. "Kusamba mnyumba ya munthu m'modzi" sikudzakhala chinyama chilichonse chobisalira pansi.
Zifukwa za maonekedwe
Shrew, monga zolengedwa zina zofananira, nthawi zonse amanyamula kusuntha kwachilengedwe, kukafunafuna malo oyenera amoyo wawo. Koma izi sizitanthauza konse kuti zitha kuwonekera patsamba lililonse, chifukwa izi zimafunikira nyengo zina. Ngakhale pakhale chakudya chambiri pamalopo, koma pamakhala chinyezi chochepa pa izo, ndiye kuti shala imakhala yosawoneka. Dothi lolimba, lomwe silithirira madzi kapena lopanda chinyezi mkati mwake, sililola kuti nyamayo ikumbe maulendo ataliatali. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi imakonda kupezeka pafupi ndi dziwe kapena m'malo omwe amathilira madzi mosalekeza.
Kodi zovulaza zimachokera kuti?
Nyama yaying'ono iyi, chifukwa cha ntchito yake, imakumba maulendo ataliatali komanso angapo. Poterepa, mapangidwe a dothi amasokonezeka, ndipo mizu ya mbewu zambiri zobzalidwa m'munda ndizowonongeka. Zotsatira zake, kutayika kwa mbewu ndikotheka, ndipo ndikofunikira.
Pamenepa, pamene phata likuwonekera pamalowo, eni ake amayamba kuchita mantha ndipo, amayamba kuganiza zamomwe angachotsere kachilombo kakang'ono aka. Komanso, ndewu yolimbirana nawo iyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo, apo ayi gulu lonse la akhungu litha kuwoneka pamalowo.
Musanasankhe njira yolimbana, muyenera kuyeza chilichonse, chifukwa:
- Nyama imachita zabwino koposa kuvulaza. Mphepo zimawononga tizirombo tambiri tomwe timakhala pamalowa, zomwe zimangobweretsa zovulaza komanso zopanda phindu.
- Chakudya chomwe mumakonda ndi chimbalangondo, chimbalangondo, kachilomboka, Mayulu, nyongolotsi, abuluzi ndi achule.
- Mizere ikakumba nthawi zonse, izi zimathandiza kuti mpweya ubwerere m'nthaka.
- Choyipa chake ndichakuti matembenuzidwe amakhala ochulukirapo (mpaka ma 40 ana mu zinyalala) ndipo mabowo ochuluka amatsogolera ku zotsatira zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, mikhalidwe yotere, phindu la nyamayi ndiyochepa kwambiri, koma zimasokoneza kukula kwachilengedwe kwamasamba, phala ndi mbewu zina. Ngati ngalande zikagundana ndi dimba lonse, ndiye kuti sizingakhale bwino kuti chilichonse chidzakula.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi nyama iyi
Popeza nyama iyi imabweretsa zabwino zambiri, nthawi zina, kuposa zovulaza, kulimbana nayo kumakhala kwamanyazi. Chachikulu ndikupewa kuti mbewa zisamaberekane pamalowo mwachangu, chifukwa izi zitha kuwononga mbewu.
Kuti muyambe kumenya ndi nyama iyi, muyenera kuphunzirapo zizolowezi zake, ndipo koposa zonse, ndizomwe zimawakopa. Ngati simuwapangira zabwinozi, ndiye kuti iwowo akhoza kuyendetsa ntchito, kapenanso kusiya kwathunthu. Pali zinthu ziwiri izi: kukhalapo kwa chakudya komanso chinyezi chambiri. Ngati madzi okwanira tsiku lililonse amachitika pamalowo, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kungoisiya. Mwina ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu kwa iwo.
Njira za anthu ovutikira
Nthawi zambiri eni ake amayenera kudziimba mlandu kuti mitundu yina ya tizirombo imawonekera patsamba lawo. Pofuna kuti musayambe nkhondo yeniyeni, ndibwino kuti mupende mwachangu zomwe zidayambitsa maonekedwe. Ndikotheka kuti palibe chifukwa chobweretsera nkhondo iliyonse, ndikokwanira kungosiya njira zilizonse zomwe sizikhudza zokolola, koma kukopa tizirombo. Ngati muphunzira mtundu wofunikira wa nyama iyi, mutha kuthana nayo mosavuta, ndikumukakamiza kuti achoke pamalowa.
Kuti muthane ndi oyandikana nawo, ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo:
- Thirani mizinga ndi madzi omveka. Njirayi ndi yothandiza ngati mukudziwa bwino komwe amasunthira ndikusintha kwake. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zake zimakhala ziro. Choyamba muyenera kusungira madzi, ndowa imodzi. Zochita ziyenera kukhala zachangu. Zitatha izi, wokhalayo amayenera kuchoka pamalowa.
- Gwiritsani ntchito zakudya kapena zinthu zonunkhira. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zowola kapena nyama. Zinthu monga naphthalene, mafuta, palafini nawonso ndi oyenera. Makoswe amaphatikizidwa mkati mwawo ndikugona pafupi ndi khomo lakunyumba kwawo. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti zinthu izi zimanunkhira zoipa osati zanyama zokha, komanso za eni komanso oyandikana nawo.
- Bzalani mbewu zina m'mundamozomwe, ndi fungo lawo, zimakhudza nyamazo. Zomera zotere ndi monga timbewu tokhala ngati mbewa, chitsamba, chithokomiro, mphodza, grouse wa imperi, ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito ya Chemistry
Ngati olekerawo adasudzulana kwambiri pamalopo, ndipo izi zisanachitike, palibe amene amatenga chidwi ndi vutoli, simungathe kuchita popanda kukonzekera zamankhwala zomwe zimachepetsa mwachangu kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuti muthane nawo, ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse kumenyera makoswe. Othandizira kupangira mankhwala amagulitsidwa mwina m'masitolo apadera kapena m'masitolo azida. Kapenanso, mankhwalawa atha kugulika pa intaneti. Zida zotere zitha kukhala zothandiza:
- Nutcracker. Amasintha unyinji wonyezimira wobiriwira. Chida ichi chimapha makoswe monga mbewa ndi makoswe, komanso chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi zomangira. Zinthu zimayikidwa pafupi ndi mabowo. Ngati nyambo idyedwa, nyamayo imwalira.
- Hunter Antigryzun. Katunduyu amagulitsidwa mwanjira ya briquette, omwe amaphatikiza tchizi, ufa ndi zina zowonjezera zomwe zimakopa ma moles ndi ma shrew. Nyama zimafa chifukwa cha kukhuta.
- Imfa ya makoswe. Mphete zimafa mwachangu ndi poizoniyu. Ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amachititsa kukomoka komanso kutulutsa magazi mkati. Koma ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Zindikirani! Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ali osavomerezeka nthawi zina. Izi zimachitika makamaka pakakhala amphaka ndi agalu pafamu omwe angadye nyambo mwangozi. Kupatula apo, sungathe kuwasunga mnyumba, ndipo amayenda kulikonse komwe angafune. Zotsatira zake, amatha kufa. Osatinso zoopsa zamapangidwe komanso pamaso pa ana aang'ono omwe zinthu zopanda pake zimangolowa mkamwa. Zotsatira zake, poizoni wowopsa ndipo mwina akupha.
Ogulitsa
Ambiri amadziwa za kukhalapo kwa zopanga zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimakhudza makoswe, osati iwo okha. Vuto lokhalo ndiloti zinthu zotere sizimangokhala ndi tizilombo, komanso ziweto. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri ambiri amati mafunde omwe akupanga, pansi pazinthu zina, amakhudza munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zomwe zili m'makutu a dziko lapansi sizingatheke "kusinthidwa" ndi zida izi.
Kodi ndingachotsere bwanji kanyumba munyumba yachilimwe
Shrew ndiye nyama yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ndiyambiri. Nyama zotere zimakhala kumapeto, mapiri ndi nkhalango.
Zofunika! Ali ndi dzinali chifukwa amakonda kukwiyitsa pamtunda wapansi padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, amayang'ana tizilombo.
Shrew yakufalikira tsopano ku Russia. Koma alibe vuto ngati momwe angawonekere poyamba. Chifukwa choti nthawi zonse amasunthira kumtunda, mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa. Chifukwa chake nthawi zina mumayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pochitira ndi nyama.
Njira zamankhwala
Ziwopsezo zamankhwala ndi njira yothanirana ndi chingwe, komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Zotsatira zabwino zimawonedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito poizoni. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Nutcracker, Rat Dead, Hunter anti-rodent.
Mankhwala atasankhidwa, amadzayikidwa mu mink iliyonse. Chida china chimatha kuyikidwa pafupi ndi khomo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, njira zopewera chitetezo ziyenera kuonedwa.
Kupanda kutero, kulimbana kotereku kumatha kuvulaza ziweto, thanzi la ana. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, valani magolovu m'manja mwanu ndi chovala kumaso kwanu.
Komanso, chipangizocho chikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa. Zidzasangalatsanso kuphunzira za momwe mungagwiritsire feteleza kupangira mbande za phwetekere.
Njira zoyeserera
Pofuna kuthana ndi njinga mdziko muno, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito misampha ndi misampha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokopa makoswe ndi mbewa. Wobwereketsa akhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwa womvera. Zisoti zamakina mwa mawonekedwe amtambo wolimba zitha kuyikidwa pamalowa.
Koma amayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Ma ozungulira sakonda phokoso losalekeza, chifukwa chomwe amasamukira kumalo ena.
Uphungu!Magetsi anachita mantha. Chipangizochi, poyerekeza ndi chamakina, chimagwira ntchito kuchokera pamagetsi. Mutha kuyatsegula ngati mukufuna. Othandizira amtundu wamagetsi amatulutsa phokoso lamagetsi ochepera mkati mwa 400 Hz ndi radius 20 m.
Zowopsa zoterezi sizigwira ntchito pa ziweto komanso anthu, koma ndizosasangalatsa kwa ochenjera. Amachitapo kanthu mwachangu ku phokoso lomwe ladzuka ndikuchoka pamalowo limodzi ndi timadontho, mbewa ndi njoka.
Zithandizo za anthu
Pali njira zambiri zotsimikiziridwa kunyumba zolimbana ndi makoswe. Zachidziwikire, sangatchulidwe kuti ndi othandiza, koma monga osakhalitsa ndi oyenera.
Madzi osefukira. Omwe alimi ndi ena okhala chilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi polimbana ndi shrew. Amangotenga ndikudzaza kununkhira kwa makoswe ndi madzi. Koma popeza nyamazo ndizochepa kakang'ono, ndipo pansi pazitha kukhala ndi mainki ochulukirapo, njirayi sitha kutchedwa yothandiza.
Imagwira pokhapokha ngati pali makoswe angapo m'deralo komanso komwe malo omwe amadziwika. Zachidziwikire, kuwombera nyama zotere kuchokera mfuti kapena kutumizira mpweya wapoizoni ndikungosunganso sikothandiza.
Kukumba mozama. Nthawi zina, pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokumba kwambiri malo. Njirayi imawonedwa ngati yowononga nthawi, koma yogwira mtima. Koma musaganize kuti nyamazo zidzachoka pamalopo pazabwino.
Koma kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo ndizowona. Akangopezeka kuti alibe nyumba, adzafuna kuchoka pamalowa kuti akafufuze kwina. Koma izi sizichitika nthawi zonse ndipo nkhonya zatsopano zimatha kuwoneka m'mundamu.
Fungo loipa. Mafinya amakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri ndipo samakonda fungo la nsomba zowola. Chifukwa chake, zidutswa za nsomba zimatha kuwumbidwa mozungulira malowo, ndikuzikulitsa ndikukupukutira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba ngati feteleza.
Chenjezo: Kumva fungo losasangalatsa, nyama zizichoka pamalopo. Ngakhale pomenya nkhondoyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafungo enaake a palafini, naphthalene kapena ammonia.
Zinthu zomwe zayikidwa mu nyimbozi ziyenera kuyikidwa mu ma mink. Zachidziwikire, chitsimikizo cha 100% sichingatheke, popeza malenje amatha kudzipangira okha ndikudutsa nyambo.
Kukhazikitsa kwa zotchinga. Kuteteza tsambalo kuchokera kuzosakhazikika, mutha kukhazikitsa chotchinga. Mauna abwino opangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena zitsulo ndi abwino pamtunduwu. Iyenera kuyima mozungulira kuzungulira kwa mundawo. Kukumba mpaka pakuya mamita 1.2.
Pamwamba, mutha kusiya ma 10 cm a mauna. Itha kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake ku mpanda. Kapangidwe kofananako kamalepheretsa ndime zonse zamkati mwa zomata.
Kubzala. Poganizira njira zingapo zomenyera nkhuni, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pali mitundu ina ya mbewu, mukabzala yomwe makoswe ayamba kuchoka m'gawolo mwachangu.
Chifukwa chake ma shrew sakonda nyemba ndi euphorbia. M'mundamo mutha kudzala nandolo ndi nyemba zambiri momwe mungathere. Mwina sizingatheke kuchotseratu nyama zazing'ono, koma kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake ndizowona.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito marigolds wamba kukamenya nyama. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyimitsa chikhalidwe, kupukutira ndi kumwaza pamalowo posakumba. Amadziwika kuti beru limachita mantha ndi fungo lomwe mbewu iyi imatulutsa.
Ngakhale ma marigold amatha kubzala m'mphepete mwa mundawo, nyama sizilowamo. Zomerazo zokha, ndizodzikongoletsa mokwanira ndipo zimatha kukhala zokongoletsa bwino kwambiri m'munda wanu. Chomera china chosasinthika ndi mpiru, koma momwe mungakulire turnips chikusonyezedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Misampha yakunyumba
Ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pogula misampha yopangidwa kale, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kupanga yanu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
Ndikofunikira! Tengani chidutswa cha chitoliro chaching'ono. Ikani zotsekera kumapeto onse awiri. Ayenera kugwira ntchito zamkati. Nyama ikangophira mphuno yake mu imodzi mwa zotsekerazi, imatsegula pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono mpaka itapuma yotseka yina. Chifukwa chake, sangathe kudzitsegulira njira ndi kuberedwa.
Mapangidwe awa amatengedwa ngati osavuta. Amatchedwa kuti msampha wa waya. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa spacer pafupi ndi khomo la dzenje. Mtundu ukangougwira, njira yotsekera imayambitsidwa. Tsopano mukufunikira kuchotsa makatani ogwidwa mumsampha nthawi ndi nthawi.
Musaganize kuti zolembera ndi nyama zopanda vuto. Ngati ali m'mundamo, ndiye kuti simungathe kuchita bwino mbewu yokhazikika. Koma ngati mungagwiritse ntchito njira zomwe zimaperekedwa pomenya nkhondo ndi nyama, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu kuti makentedwewo sangasinthidwe ndikuchoka pamalowo.
Momwe mungachotsere kansalu m'munda
Wochenjera ndi nyama yosavulaza ya banja la ogula. Kwenikweni, m'dera lathu mutha kupeza shrew. Nyama imawoneka ngati mbewa ndi mamole. Imakhala ndi phokoso lalitali, lofanana ndi bumbu, maso ndi makutu ochepa kwambiri.
Wochenjera m'mundamu ndi wofunika chifukwa umadya tizilombo tomwe timavulaza mundawo.
Koma chopanda pake ndikuti pofufuza chakudya amakumba mayendedwe ambiri ngati sapeza alendo osiyidwa ndi ma voles kapena ma moles. Izi zimatha kudzetsa mbewu. Pazifukwa izi, olima minda ambiri amulengeza kuti amenya nkhondo.
Zizindikiro zake
Yang'anirani mosamala, mwinanso osazindikira kuti mwadzala zovuta m'mundamo. Nthawi zambiri mizere imagwiritsa ntchito njira za anthu ena pazolinga zawo. Kuyambira moles ndi munda voles zambiri zowopsa.Kupatula apo, nyama yomwe imamwa tizilombo tambiri tambiri imayenera kuyimbidwa.
- Njira yodalirika ndiyo kuwona nyama.
- Akungoyenda pamwamba, pafupifupi palibe malo, makungwa ndi ochepa kwambiri.
- Ngati machubu a chomera chakufa chikukulungika, ndiye kuti siwozindikira. Amangodya za tizilombo.
Khalidwe la tizilombo
Izi zosavomerezeka zimatha kudya mpaka 20-30 magalamu a arthropods patsiku, omwe ndi 5-6 kulemera kwake komwe. Chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachakudya, amayamba kuzolowera zakudya, popanda iwo amatha kukhala ndi maola opitilira 11.
Nyama zimakhala zokha. Kwa tsiku limodzi amadutsa malo ochepa a 1-1,5 lalikulu mita, koma mu "malo osaka" athunthu akhoza kukhala malo okwanira mita 10.
Chenjezo: Amphaka am'nyumba ndi agalu samasaka mbalame chifukwa cha fungo lawo losasangalatsa.
Koma chifukwa cha dera laling'ono lokhalamo, munthu safunikira kuganiza kuti zojambula zopanda vuto. Kukula kwakukulu kumawapangitsa kuti aziwopa mitundu ingapo ndi nyama zina zapansi panthaka. Mu lita imodzi ya akazi mumatha kukhala ndi ana okwana 40, wamkazi amapatsa malita awiri amtundu uliwonse pakapita nthawi, ndipo ana ang'onoang'ono amakhala okhwima mu miyezi ingapo.
Chifukwa chake, ngati simukuthana ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za kukhalapo kwa belu, ndiye kuti mu miyezi yowerengeka yanu ndi malo onse oyandikana nawo adzaukiridwa ndi gulu lankhondo pansi mobisa. Amatha kuvulaza koopsa. Magulu samadyetsa zomera, koma kukumba pansi ndikuwononga mizu yawo.
Poyenda pamadutsa apansi panthaka, ana amakumbatirana kumbuyo ndi mchira wawo, pambuyo pake "sitimayo" imagwira kumbuyo ndi mchira wa amayi.
Shrew ndizothandiza nyama zamtchire, zimadya tizirombo tambiri tambiri, monga zimbalangondo, ma waya, mphutsi za ntchentche. Koma kupatula izi, amawononga nyongolotsi zam'madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kumasula dziko lapansi.
Kwa munda, nyama izi zimavulaza kuposa zabwino. Amawonongera mizu ya mbewu, kukumba dothi kotero kuti nthawi zina mbewu zimangogwera mobisa.
Ngakhale zovulazidwa, ozungulira amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziwopseza ndikuthamangitsa ziwembu zapakhomo, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti asaphe poizoni kapena kupha.
Njira zolimbana
Mukamasankha njira yovutikira, kumbukirani kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shrews. Ngati simungathe kuwachotsa ndikuyesa kwa 2-3, ndiye kuti muyenera kulimbana ndi tizirombo tambiri. Chifukwa chake, perekani zokonda zothandiza kuposa njira zotsika mtengo zotetezera.
Njira za nkhondo. Choyamba, mutha kuyesa njira zaulere zaulere. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti njira zambiri zotchuka zolimbana ndi maula sizigwira ntchito bwino kapena kuvulaza poyera.
Ndizofunikira! Nzika zina zopanda chilungamo zimalimbikitsa kuyika zingwe zolowa m'mafuta kapena palafini kuzungulira mabedi. Tikukhulupirira kuti anthu ambiri okhala pachilimwe amvetsetsa zomwe zingachitike petulo italowa mu dothi ndikulowa pansi.
Anthu ena amalangizidwa kuti atenge galu kapena mphaka. Koma apa mukuyenera kukumbukira kuti malekezero a mchira ali ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri kwambiri todontha. Zowoneka bwino posachedwa, ziweto zanu zitha kuzindikira kuti zolembera sizitha kusaka.
Njira yokhayo yotetezeka ndikubzala fungo losasangalatsa pa gawo la chomera. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kudzala anyezi, adyo, nyemba, tsabola. Vuto ndilakuti mbewu zotere "zimateteza" malo ochepa chabe owazungulira. Mphete zimatha kuzolowanso fungo.
Madzi osefukira ndi ngalande zamadzi nawonso akukayikira kwambiri. Pazifukwa zina, palibe amene amalangizira kuyika gasi wapoizoni mu malo oyang'aniridwa ndi pansi pa zitsulo. Nanga bwanji onse adaganiza kuti kusefukira kwamadzi kungathandize.
Kuti njirayi ikhale yothandizadi, pamafunika malita 100-150 amadzi. Mwambiri, pamakhala kuvulazidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa dothi kochulukira kuposa kufumbwa.
Kukumba mozama kwapansi panthaka, monga njira yolimbirana ndi shrew, kumadzutsanso mafunso. Mwina mu nthawi ya masika njirayi ndiyofunika, koma mbewu zikafesedwa kale ndipo mbande zitawonekera, palibe amene angakumbe malo onsewo.
Kukumba malo okhawo ndi mabowo komwe mwapeza ndikuthandizanso sikothandiza. Kuphatikiza apo, iyi sinjira yachidziwikire, ingawopseze tizilombo kwa nthawi yochepa chabe.
Njira yosangalatsa yovutikira ndikukumba kakhomakhoma kotsika mpaka 40 cm pamtunda wonse wa tsambalo, ndikupanga "chotchinga" cha omata. Njira yake ndiyabwino, ngakhale pali zovuta.
Upangiri! Chingachitike ndi chiyani ndi zomenyerazi zomwe zingakhale kuti "zatsekedwa" pamalopo? Mulimonsemo, iyi ndi njira yopeweretsera, osati kulimbana.
Mankhwala motsutsana ndi makoswe. Zowunikira komanso Kuyerekeza Pali mitundu ingapo yodziwika bwino yamankhwala. Ndizabwino kupha osati zomata zokha, komanso timadontho-timadontho, makoswe, ndi zina zovuta kuzilimbitsa.
Vuto lalikulu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi chiopsezo cha poizoni wazizilombo ndi ana. Pamafunikanso nthawi kuti tizilombo tizitha kupeza ndi kudya nyambo.
Zithandizo zodziwika bwino za shrews
Zithandizo zodziwika bwino za shrews
Ngati mankhwala atatha limodzi osakuthandizani, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyambiranso m'ndawo ndi poyizoni wina.
Othandizira Ochenjera. Popeza beru limakhala chida champhamvu kwambiri ndikumva komanso kutola mawu ena, njira zogwira mtima kwambiri ndizochita zotsatsa.
Chipangizochi chimatulutsa ma infra- osiyanasiyana komanso mafunde omwe akupanga omwe amachititsa kuti maseru azikhala osasangalatsa. Zotsatira zake, amakakamizidwa kusiya "malo awo osaka".
Wotembenuza wabwino nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito zopitilira kamodzi ndikugwira ntchito, kuzisintha nthawi ndi nthawi kapena kusiya ntchito kwakanthawi. Chifukwa cha izi, ozungulira sangazolowere kusapeza bwino kwa mawu.
Othandizira ambiri pantchito adzafunika kumangika pansi mpaka akuya masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Komanso, ambiri atha kutsimikizira kutetezedwa kwa dera la mamita 300-500.
Mukakhazikitsa, kumbukirani kuti mitsinje kapena zopinga zolimba monga miyala yayikulu zimalepheretsa mawu kufalikira mobisa. Mukamasankha obwereza, onaninso mabatire. Ma solar a solar amafunika kutsukidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo mabatire ayenera kusinthidwa. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi ma ruble a 1000-2500.
Kulimbana ndi shala mdziko
Shrew ndi nyama yam'madzi, yomwe, ngakhale ili yaying'ono, ikhoza kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika munyumba yotentha.
Chenjezo: Mlenje amatanthauza zinyama zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri m'mundamo, chifukwa chakudya chake chimakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timawononga minda komanso kuwononga mbewuyo.
Mbali yabwinoyi ndi yothandiza kuti mzeru, pofunafuna chakudya, ugwe pansi, ndikuwononga mizu, ndipo umatha kukumba malo onsewo patadutsa masiku, kotero osavomereza vuto silikulimbikitsidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ochita malonda ndi misampha
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi zomangira pamalopo imatha kuchitika ndi njira zakuthupi, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yapadera komanso obweretsera. Njirayi imawonedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri kuposa njira zochizira wowerengeka.
Chofunikira: Opanga ambiri opangira zida zapadera samatsimikizira kutaya kothamangako mwachangu, komanso kupewa kupewa kuwononga tizirombo zambiri pamalowo.
Mtunda womwe phokoso limafikira lili pamtunda kuchokera 20 mita mpaka 1 kilomita. Chifukwa chake, aliyense wokhala chilimwe adzatha kusankha mtundu woyenera, poganizira kukula kwa malo oyandikira.
Ponena za misampha, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za ma shrews, zomwe zimayikidwa kuti ziyikidwe mwachindunji m'makola.
Ngati palibe chikhumbo chofuna kupeza zida zapadera, makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mbewa zoyenera, zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa mumayendedwe a tizilombo. Nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo.
Chiwonongeko Cha Mankhwala
Ngati njira zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikubweretsa zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka, kapena kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tambiri ndikokulira kotero kuti njira ndi njira zakuthupi zimangokhala kuwononga nthawi, ndikofunikira kukhazikika pamankhwala apadera.
Malinga ndi malingaliro a anthu ambiri okhala nthawi yachilimwe, mankhwala otsatirawa adziwonetsa okha pakulimbana ndi zovuta:
- Imfa ya makoswe ndimankhwala oopsa omwe amatsogolera pakupanga kutulutsa kwamkati ndi kufalikira kwa tizilombo tomwe timalawa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha pazovuta. Ndikofunika kuyikiratu mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'njira yoti ziweto zisathe poizoni.
- Hunter Antigrizzun - chida chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chiwonongere mizere ndi timadontho. Mankhwalawa amayimiriridwa ndi briquette yokhala ndi tchizi, ufa ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakopa makoswe, omwe pambuyo pake amafa chifukwa chokwanira.
- Nutcracker ndi chinthu chowonda chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chiziikidwa pafupi ndi khomo lolumikizira mizere.
Kuti muwonongere masiputeni m'dera lanyanjayi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe amafunikira kuthana ndi makoswe. Koma muyenera kukumbukira za njira zotetezera komanso kupewa kupezeka kwa malo okhala ndi zoopsa za ana ang'ono ndi ziweto.
Zosangalatsa
Nyama izi zimangokhala zokhazokha, kukumba ma parti pansi. Amphaka samazidya, chifukwa tizilombo tili ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Kukula kwachichepere nthawi zambiri kumakhala nthawi yozizira, ndipo okhawo omwe ndi olimba ndi omwe amakhalapo.
Pazifupi, kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 18 cm, ndipo izi ndi kulemera kwa 100 g. Akazi amakhala ndi mwezi wopitilira amuna, ndipo nthawi yawo yobereketsa imagwera mu Julayi-Ogasiti (mpaka anthu 40 pa hekitala).
Chifukwa chake, pali njira zambiri zolimbirana ndi ma shrew, koma nthawi yake yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyofunikira pankhaniyi. Shrews zimaswana mwachangu kwambiri ndipo posachedwa mudzakumana ndi anthu ochititsa chidwi, omwe azikhala ovuta kuwachotsa kuposa nyama imodzi.
Mulibe mlandu
M'dera lathu, mutha kupeza shala. Thupi lake limakutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa wafupipafupi: kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira kwamtundu, pamimba ndizopepuka. Kutalika kwa nyamayi ndi 4-9 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwake, monga lamulo, sikuposa 10-12 g. Iyi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazing'ono kwambiri zazikazi. Kunja, khwangwala amafanana ndi mbewa ndi mamole.
Upangiri: Umasiyana ndi phokoso lalitali, maso ndi makutu ochepa. Uyu ndiye wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa hedgehog ndi mole, amenenso ali m'gulu la chitetezo. Ndipo amachitcha kuti chembwe chifukwa nsonga za mano zimakhala zofiirira.
Nyama yaying'onoyi ndi imodzi yakale kwambiri. Makolo ake amakhala m'masiku akale amenewo pamene kunalibe nyama zamakono pa Dziko Lapansi.
Phale palokha siloyenera kukumba mabowo. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mphuno wautali wa maluwa, mothandizidwa ndi lomwe limasaka tizilombo tosabisala kumtunda kwa dothi lotayirira komanso zinyalala zomera zofewa. Nthawi yomweyo, kumasula dothi ndikuthira ndi mpweya.
Ngakhale ndichilengedwe chake chaching'ono, nyamayi ndi yokoma kwambiri. Pazosankha zake ndi aulesi, zimbalangondo, kafadala, ka kachilomboka, masamba kafadala, mavu, njoka zamtundu wa ndowe, mphutsi, mphutsi, nsabwe za nkhuni, akangaude.
Shala ikakhala ndi njala kwambiri, imatha kuchita masewera andewu ndi kachilomboka pansi komanso mbewa yaying'ono. Ngati tubers za chomera chakufa zikatsekedwa, ndiye kuti si vuto la mbala. Monga makoswe, mbewa imakhala m'maenje, koma imakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe ena.
Nyama imakhala ndi metabolism yozama kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zimangopita kukasaka chakudya nthawi zonse. Tsiku la "ntchito" la oswedwa ndi maola 12,5-16. Malinga ndi asayansi, nthawi ya chilimwe, alimi onse okhala pa 1 ha amadya makilogalamu 5 mpaka 20 a tizilombo osiyanasiyana pamwezi, ndi makilogalamu 102 mpaka 210 pachaka.
Thupi la nyama limasinthidwa kuti lizigaya chakudya mwachangu ndikutulutsa kwambiri kutentha, mafuta m'thupi la chimbudzi samadziunjikira, motero samazunza. M'nyengo yozizira, amakakamizidwa kusaka, kuyika zigawo pansi pa chipale chofewa ndikuyang'ana omwe akuwatsata, komanso mbewu zotsalira kuchokera kugwa.
Kuwona m'maso kulibe bwino - maso ndi ang'ono ndi akhungu. Amapeza nyama yake mothandizidwa ndi fungo komanso kukhudza. Koma chida chachikulu chakulowera usiku pakati pa mizu ndi zimayambira ndi kupendekera, komwe kwatsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi.
Amadziwika kuti zoopsa zomwe zimawopseza nyamazo, zimachulukanso kubereka. Izi zimagwira ntchito kwathunthu kuzilingaliro. Nyama zomwe zidapulumuka zovuta zonse za nthawi yozizira zimayamba kubereka kwambiri m'chaka.
Mimba imatenga masiku 13 mpaka 20, ndipo pafupifupi ana asanu amabadwa. Patsiku la 17, amayamba kukwawa kutuluka mchisa, koma samachoka kutali ndi amayi.
Ndipo kuti asatayike, amanjenjemera mu unyolo momwe aliyense amagwirizira mano ndi mchira kutsogolo kwa yemwe akuyenda, ndipo woyamba - ndi mchira wa mayi. Patsiku la 22, zolengedwa zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri zimakhazikika ndikuyang'ana chakudya pamalo a mayi.
Koma wamkazi wamkulu saima nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa ana ake, ndipo ali ndi pakati kachiwiri. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, kuchuluka kwa nyama kumakhala kokwanira - pafupifupi 40 pa hekitala iliyonse, kenako kumatsikanso: okalamba omwe akhala ndi moyo atafa.
Amphongo ndiye woyamba kuchokapo, zazikazi zimakhala mwezi wopitilira. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zosakhalitsa zaka zochepa zaubweya ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono kamene kamayambitsa kukalamba kwa thupi. Chaka choyamba, chofunda chaching'ono komanso cha frisky chikukula ndikupeza mphamvu.
Pambuyo yozizira, ngati muli ndi mwayi ndikupatsabe moyo, amatha kubereka kale. Atakwaniritsa ntchito yake yachilengedwe, amamwalira ndikuwunika malo ake osakira mbadwo wotsatira.
Wochenjera alibe adani. Amapulumutsidwa ndi thukuta lotupa lomwe limasungunula madzi onunkhira. Chifukwa chake, nyama ndi mbalame zosaka mbewa wamba sizimagwira mbuna.
Ngati mdani wangayu akukhumudwitsani inu m'munda, mutha kukwaniritsa kuchoka kwake. Pali njira zambiri. Pongoyambira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi poti shala imakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika. Mitu ndi zomatira za nsomba zimayikidwa m'makutu awo (komanso timadontho-timadontho). Fungo lamphamvu la kuwola limapangitsa kuti nyamayo ichokere kudera lomwe akukhalamo.
Zofunika! Zinthu zina zonyansa kapena zakumwa zitha kuikidwa mu dzenje. Woyenerera mafuta kapena dizilo, bulitchi, fodya, naphthalene kapena shag. Olima ena amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wapoizoni kapena bomba ngati utsi.
Ma reagents odorous, monga Creatol, Ekar, Pomethanol, Fitodent, ndi ena, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuwongolera tizilombo.
Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yosiyanasiyana yopangidwa ndi mbewa ya mbewa. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito chiphuphu kapena mphutsi. Mutha kukonza m'mundamu ndi ogulitsa makina omwe amapanga mawu ena.
Zida zosavuta kwambiri ndizopopera kuchokera m'botolo la pulasitiki pini yachitsulo. Njira zothandiza kwambiri zimapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito popanga othandizira omwe akupanga.
Ndani amenewo
Shrew amatchedwa imodzi mwazinyama zazing'ono kwambiri zapadziko lapansi. Koma, ngakhale ndi kukula kwake, kuvulaza komwe kumadza chifukwa cha ntchito yake kumatha kukhala kwakukulu, popeza ndi a nyama zotere zomwe amadya tizilombo, amathanso kudya tizilombo topindulitsa tomwe timathandiza m'munda mwanu komanso m'mundamo.
Chifukwa chakuti iyi ndi nyama yolimba kwambiri komanso yachangu, imatha kukumba pafupifupi dimba lonse m'masiku angapo.Chifukwa chake, kuti muchotse, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu!
Koma kuti mutsimikizire zowona pamaso pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nyama yaying'onoyo patsamba lino, ndiye kuti itha kuchita zina. Zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera malinga ndi zingwe, chifukwa ndi zazing'ono kukula.
Chinthu chinanso chinyama ichi ndi chakuti samata mbewu. Ngati mukuwona mbewu zowonongeka, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti izi si zomata.
Mutha kuzindikira kuzungulira ndi chizindikiro chakunja: chimawoneka ngati mbewa yamphero yokhazikika. Koma pali zizindikiro zochepa za kusiyana pakati pa makoswe awiriwo. Choyambirira, mbewa imakhala ndi mchira wautali komanso wokulirapo. Kachiwiri, muzzle ndiwotalikirapo kuposa mbewa.
Upangiri! M'minda yakhitchini ya m'dziko lathu, Mitundu yambiri ya nyama nthawi zambiri imakhala polytooth (imatchedwanso mwana wothothola) ndi tang'a yaying'ono. Mtundu wachiwiri ndi waung'ono kwambiri wamitundu yonse: kukula kumafika masentimita asanu.
Mtundu wa chovala chake nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa ndi mbewa yolimbira malo. Ndi mtundu wocheperako womwe umavulaza kwambiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa.
Mtundu wamitunduyi umapezeka m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Amakhulupirira kuti adabwera ku Europe, adabweretsa zombo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe: ubweya wa bulauni, yaying'ono zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimafikira ma network. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazo ndizochulukirachulukira: munyengo imodzi yokha, zimatha kupereka malata anayi.
Chizindikiro chokhala ndi malezala achimayi ndichakuti amatha kubereka ali ndi chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngati simutayamba kulimbana ndi tiziromboti munthawi yake, kuchuluka kwawo m'munda mwanu kungathe kupha.
Zomwe zingavulaze komanso kupindulitsa
Ngati muyamba ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha bolayo, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ali ndi kagayidwe kofulumira kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amayenera kupeza chakudya nthawi zonse.
M'malo mwake, ngakhale ali ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, komanso mawonekedwe okongola, ochenjera amaonedwa ngati nyama yolusa kwambiri. Popeza amatha kudya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mphutsi, zomwe zimagwera m'manja.
Chachikulu ndikuti sizisiyanitsa kuti ndi tizirombo iti tating'onoting'ono tomera - timadya aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, kwa tsiku limodzi, amatha kudya nsikidzi ndi mphutsi zochuluka kotero kuti nambala yake imakhala yokwera kangapo kuposa kulemera kwake.
Mwa mphindi, munthu akhoza kukumbukira kuti ma shaki amakumba maulendo ambiri ndi mabowo mobisa, ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito akale kapena osadziwika, omwe, mwachitsanzo, anasiya ma moles.
Ndipo, pofufuza mphutsi zosiyanasiyana zamatumbo, nyamayi imatha kudula mizu yambiri, mizu yambiri, zonse zomwe zimakumana m'njira zawo. Choyipa chachikulu chomwe shrew chimatha kuvulaza ndi udzu. Itha kuwononga udzu wogawana pakapita masiku angapo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zakukhala patsamba lanu laling'ono, titha kudziwa kuti magawo omwe amapezeka mobisa amawongolera kubwezeretsa nthaka. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri pazomera zomwe zimatha kukhalanso ndi moyo pambuyo pakugwidwa kwanyama iyi.
Koma iyi ndiye chiyembekezo chokhacho chokhazikika patsamba lanu. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala bwino kungochotsa. Chifukwa chakuti phula lomwe lawonongedwa ndi mbewu yakufayo imaphimba zabwino zonse za nyama yokongola iyi.
Njira Zowongolera Chemistry
Pazaka zambiri zochita, asayansi apanga mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe amapangidwa kuti alimbane ndi matumba. Pakati pawo, othandizira kwambiri amatha kudziwika, mwachitsanzo, The Nutcracker, Rat Dead kapena Hunter Antigryzun.
Monga lamulo, zimatha kupangitsa kuti mbewa iwale komanso kupha mwachangu, mopanda ululu.
Chachikulu ndi kusamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Ndipo izi zisanachitike, ndikofunikira kuti muwerenge zambiri za izo. Komabe, ziribe kanthu momwe imfa ingabwerere mwachangu, njirayi siyabwino.
Maluso a Folk komanso ochita malonda
Kaya ndi njira za anthu wamba komanso ochita malonda ochenjera. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ngakhale siothandiza konse. Njira imodzi yodziwikiratu yoyendetsera ndikumayendetsa ndikudzaza nyama ndi madzi.
Amati mukamachita njirayi kangapo, nyamayo imasiya kuyendera nyumba yanuyo yotentha. Ochenjera sakonda fungo lakuthwa kwambiri, chifukwa ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Ndiye mutha kuchoka kanthawi kochepa m'malo omwe adawonedwa, nsomba zowola kapena palafini.
Tip! Koma fungo ili ndilosasangalatsa kwa anthu, chifukwa chake mutha kugwiritsa ntchito impouse grouse, chowawa, nandolo, nyemba, mphodza, mbewa ngati cholepheretsa.
Koma ogulitsa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: akupanga ndi makina - njira yoyenera kwambiri pa mitundu yonse yothana ndi zolembera. Sizipweteketsa nyama yaying'onoyi.
Njira yakale kwambiri yopewetsera boti ndi yosavuta: muyenera kupanga sipinachi, ngati lamulo, gwiritsani ntchito botolo la pulasitiki kapena chingwe cha aluminiyamu pazinthu izi, ndikuziphatika ku ndodo. Chida ichi chikazungulira, chimapanga mafunde omwe amathamangitsa makoswewo. Komanso zida zotere, zomwe zidamalizidwa kale, zimagulitsidwa m'misika.
Kanemayo pansipa ndi kalozera weniweni, mutatha kuwerenga zomwe mungathe kuthana ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana m'munda mwanu.
Momwe mungachotsere shani m'munda
Zolemba zazing'ono zing'onozing'ono nthawi zambiri zimatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu mdera lamtunda. Iwo, ngati timadontho, samadyetsa mizu yazomera zobzalidwa, komabe, pofunafuna mphutsi ndi mphutsi, amadutsa pamitundu yambiri pamalowa.
Nthawi yomweyo, osati mochenjera sichingawononge mizu ndi mizu ya mbewu zambiri zofunika. Ndani angafune?
Shrew amamanga nyumba zawo zobisika, koma amatha kupezerapo mwayi ndi nyama ina yosiyidwa, chitsa chowonongeka ndi zina zambiri zakunyumba.
Nyumba imakhudzidwanso ndi udzu wouma, mbewa ndi masamba okugwa. Zonse zikakhala zakonzeka, ndi nthawi yoganizira ana ambiri.
Komabe, sikuti zonse zili zoipa kwambiri. Chopanga chilichonse chimakhala ndi gawo lofika mpaka 30 m2, kotero mbadwa sizikhala zolondola patsamba lanu. Koma nanga bwanji kufotokozera kuthamanga kodabwitsa komwe makola atsopano amawonekera?
Zonse ndi zokhudza kagayidwe kachangu ka nyama iyi. Kumangokhala ndi njala kumapangitsa kuti ochenjera ndi kubwezera ayang'ane mphutsi zatsopano, mphutsi, abuluzi ang'ono ndi zala.
Chenjezo: M'nyengo yozizira, kanga sikubisalira, komabe kumapitiliza ntchito yake mobisa.
Tikulemba njira zazikulu zomwe zingathandize kuthamangitsa chiweto chokwiyitsa patsamba lanu:
Akupanga othana ndi makoswe azitsimikizira okha bwino. Njirayi siyosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri, komanso yamisala pokhudzana ndi nyama.
Chosavuta kwambiri chobwezeretsa mawu chimatha kupangidwa ndi inu nokha. Tengani ndodo zoonda zazitali kutalika kwa mita ndikuzisenda pansi. Pamapeto pake, ikani zisa za aluminiyamu zosaphika za madzi kapena mowa.
Pamphepo yaying'ono, kugwedezeka kumachitika, komwe kumayendetsedwa pansi kudzera pini yachitsulo. Njirayi imawopseza tizirombo tambiri mobisa patsamba lanu.
Ikhoza kukhala yopepuka. Pamalo opita madigiri 45 m'malo opezeka mphepo, mabotolo amgalasi kuchokera ku zakumwa zingapo amakumbidwa pansi. Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndikuwomba mphepo mkati mwa mabotolo limawopseza kutali.
Ngati galu kapena mphaka azitha kuwonekera kanyumba panu pachilimwe, malezala ndi timadontho timakonda kukhala kutali ndi malo awa.
Pafupi ndi pang'onopang'ono pakati pa mbewu zobzalidwa, mutha kubzala mbewu m'munda zoletsa: adyo, anyezi, tsabola, etc.
Mabowo ofunikira amatha kutetezedwa ndi malata komanso matayala ozunguliridwa ozungulira mpaka masentimita 40 (oyandikana nawo, mapepala olumikizana ayenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana, popanda mipata).
Chofunikira: Nzika zina za chilimwe zimagwiritsa ntchito misampha yomweyi yomwe imayikidwa pa makoswe.
M'mashopu apadera amagulitsa, omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri.
Njira Zothandiza polimbana ndi Chingwe
Chilendocho chimatha kutchedwa chinyama chaching'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo poyamba ungayang'ane nyama yopanda vuto lililonse. Komabe, imapereka zovuta zambiri kwa olima ndi olima dimba, popeza, kusaka mphutsi, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tina, imadutsa pamaulendo ambiri. Imavulaza kukolola masamba, kudya mizu.
Chachilendo cha cholembapo ndichakuti imabereka mwachangu, chifukwa chake, mutazindikira kuti pali nyama imodzi pamalowo, muyenera kuganizira mwachangu za funso loti mungachite ndi shala.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Tinyama tating'onoting'ono tofanana ndi mbewa yolima, koma kakhazikikako kakang'ono (mpaka 4 cm), kamilomo kake kamadukadukadukadukadukira kamene kamatha kusuntha, maso ake ndi ochepa. Ili ndi mchira wautali kwambiri, womwe ndi wautali kuposa momwe umapanga wokha.
Pofufuza chakudya, amakonda kukwinyira pansi - ndichifukwa chake umatchedwa "mwamba".
Kukhala m'mundamo, khola limatha kukhala lothandiza, limadya tizirombo tambiri (timadya tizilombo ta 15 g patsiku). Koma vuto kuchokera kupezeka kwake ndilofunika kwambiri, samangodya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, amakondanso masamba omwe akukula m'mundawo: kaloti, beets ndi masamba ena amizu. Imathanso kuluma mizu ya tomato, tsabola.
Kutalika kwa nyama ndi zaka 1.5 - 2. Yaikazi imafika pa kutha msambo pafupifupi mwana akabadwa, nthawi imabereka ana 14. Kuberekera kotereku kumafunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti athane nayo.
Njira Zowongolera Tizilombo
Pali njira zambiri ndi njira zochotsera gawo: monga amanenera "wowerengeka" kapena njira zamakono. Mwa chikhalidwe cha zomwe achitazo, angathe kugawidwa munjira izi:
- Makina Kugwiritsa ntchito misampha, misampha.
- Electronicsronics Othandizira ozungulira (pamagetsi kapena pamagetsi pamagetsi).
- Zamapangidwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito poyizoni ndi mitundu yambiri ya poizoni.
Njira yamakina imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito misampha ndi msampha wogwiritsa ntchito nyambo zina, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mbewa kapena misampha wamba.
Tip: Gwiritsani ntchito ogulitsa. Chobwezeretsa chosavuta chomwe mungachite ndi manja anu chimagwira ntchito pa sipinecha, ndikupanga kugwedezeka m'nthaka. Amapangidwa ndi zitini zakale, mabotolo ndi ndodo yachitsulo yokutidwa pansi. "Mbira" yotereyi yomwe imamveka phokoso komanso kugwedezeka kwa nthaka idzawopseza ochenjera ndikuwakakamiza kuti achoke m'nyumba zawo.
Pafupifupi mfundo zomwezi zimakhazikitsidwa pamagetsi amagetsi kapena amagetsi omwe amatulutsa mawu amtunduwu, zomwe zimabweretsa chisangalalo kwa nyamayo ndikuyikakamiza kuti ipeze malo ena.
Kugwiritsa ntchito misampha komanso kugulitsa malonda ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi omata. Sizitengera ndalama ndi ntchito zapadera, koma tsamba lanu kapena dimba lanu silidzakhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Menyanani ndi ziphe. Kuthana ndi zopindika pogwiritsa ntchito ziphe si njira yaulemu kwambiri. Koma ngati kuwonongeka kwa moyo wa tizilombo ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndiye ngati njira ina ingagwire ntchito.
Pazifukwa izi, poizoni wa mbewa ndizoyenera. Itha kutsanulidwa ndikudontha m'mundamo kapena kumanzere komwe kumayandikira nyambo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ziphe, muyenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa ana kapena ziweto zimatha kuvutika ndi mankhwala oopsa.