Posachedwa, tidalemba za chule, yemwe ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi kamba. Tsopano tikambirana za wina wanzeru zachilendo - chule wofiirira. Ilidi ndi utoto wofiirira (violet). Koma koposa zonse, zimakopa chidwi chakuti chule uyu amakhala pafupifupi moyo wake wonse mobisa. Chule imakwatukira kumtunda kwa milungu ingapo, panthawi yopanga.

Chule wachikasu kapena wofiirira (lat.Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) (Chuma cha Chingerezi chamiyala)

Chule wofiirira ndi mtundu wokhawo wa achule amtundu wa Seychelles. Kutsegulidwako ndikugawika kwa mitundu kumeneku kunachitika mchaka cha 2003.
Amakhala m'malo ang'onoang'ono ku Western Ghats (Ghats) ku India, komwe kuli malo pafupifupi 14 lalikulu. km Mtunduwu udapezeka pafupi ndi tawuni yaying'ono ya Idukka komanso m'dera la Kattapan.

Dzinalo Lachilatini limachokera ku liwu "nasika", lomwe mu Sanskrit limatanthawuza "mphuno".

Adatenga dzina lake ngati mphuno yoyera

Thupi la chule wofiirira lili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Ndizungulira mozungulira kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya achule. Mutu wake, wocheperako poyerekeza ndi thupi, komanso mawonekedwe ake osungunula a utoto woyera umagwira m'diso. Anthu achikulire amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, koma pamimba, khungu lake losalala limakhala losalala. Achule awa amakula mpaka masentimita 7-9.

Izi zimatha kukhala moyo wapansi pansi. Kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, amafunika malo opanda chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, amadzikumba okha mainki akuya omwe amatha kulowa pansi mpaka pakuya mamita 1,3,3,7.

Amakhala moyo wapansi

Makhalidwe apansi panthaka komanso kapangidwe kake kamutu (mutu wopapatiza wokhala ndi kamwa yaying'ono) kunathandizira pakudya kwa chule. Chakudya chake chachikulu ndi chakudya. Sangameze tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Chule limapendekera mosavuta chida chake chopendekera chapansipansi, ndipo lilime lonunkha limathandiza kuyamwa nyini zake.

M'busa, chule safuna kukhala ndi maso abwino, koma kukhudza bwino kumathandiza kupeza ndikupeza nyama. Kuphatikiza pa chiswe, amatha kudya nyerere ndi mphutsi zazing'ono.

Utoto wofiirira kapena wofiirira

Pamwamba, ma amphibians amasankhidwa pokhapokha pa nthawi yopuma, kuti athe kubereka. Mwina ndichifukwa chake lidakhalapobe mitundu yosadziwika mwasayansi. Ngakhale nzika zam'deralo zidadziwa kale kwanthawi yayitali, asayansi mpaka 2003 adawaganizira mawu awo mpaka pakudziwonetsetsa kuti alipo.

Chule chimabwera pamasabata angapo chabe. Matani amapezeka pafupi ndi madzi osakhalitsa kapena opanda madzi, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yaying'ono. Amuna amaphatikizidwa ndi akazi pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimadziwika kuti "inguinal grab". Popeza ndiwocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi omwe adawasankha, kuti agwiritsitse, amunawo amadziphatika pang'ono kwa mkaziyo pogwiritsa ntchito zomata pakhungu. Mazira amaikidwa m'madzi. Pakapita kanthawi, ma tadpoles amawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo.

Makolo a achule amenewa ndi oimira nyama yakale kwambiri yomwe idakhalako zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 180 zapitazo ndipo idagawidwa pamtunda, womwe unali gawo lakale lakumwera kwa Gondwana. Kenako malo opambanawa adagawikana ku Australia, Africa, India, Madagas ndi ambiri aku Antarctica. Ndipo pafupifupi zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo, zilumba za Seychelles, zomwe tsopano zimakhala ndi abale awo apabanja la Sooglossidae, adasiyana kuchokera ku India.

Seychelles kanjedza chule - m'modzi wa abale apamtima pa chule wofiirira Kapangidwe ka chule wofiirira

Chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisumbu, chule wofiirira uja akuwonongedwa kwathunthu. Imaphatikizidwa ndi IUCN Red Book.

Maonekedwe achule wofiirira

Kale ndi dzina lake, munthu akhoza kuganiza kuti mtundu wa chule ndi wofiirira kapena, monga amatchedwanso, wofiirira.
Koma pankhaniyi, mtundu si chinthu chachikulu. Maonekedwe ake ndi thupi lopanda mawonekedwe. Mutu umakhala wocheperako kuyerekeza ndi thupi, ndipo lingaliro lozunguliridwa ndi loyera. Maso ozungulira mulinso ochepa kukula ndi ana opingasa mosakhalitsa sawona chilichonse. Koma amatha kumva fungo.

Phula Frog (lat.Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis)

Miyendo yakumbuyo mwapang'onopang'ono imakhala ndi nembanemba, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyofupikirapo komanso yokhala ndi zala zakumaso. Ngati poyang'ana pang'ono anthu amtunduwu akuwoneka kuti ndi osakhazikika komanso osasangalatsa, ndiye kuti malingaliro awa ndi olakwika.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti chule wofiirira amatha kudzikumba yekha pakapita mphindi 3-5, ndi kuya, komwe kungafike mamita 3,7. Zosangalatsa, eti?

Zamoyo zamtunduwu zimatha kukula mpaka 9 cm, ndipo ngati nkhope yonse ya chule wamkulu ipakidwa utoto, ndiye pamimba khungu limakhala ndimtambo wamtambo.

Komwe mungakumane ndi chule wofiirira

Pambuyo powerenga zokhudzana ndi amphibian uyu, pamakhala funso mwachindunji. Kodi chifukwa chiyani achule amene akhala alipo kwa zaka zambiri padziko lapansi apezeka posachedwa? Ndipo yankho la funsoli ndilosavuta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chule wofiirira amakhala wamba m'madera ang'onoang'ono aku India - Western Ghats, yomwe malo ake onse ndi 14 metres. km Zoyala za achule oyamba amapezeka mdera la Kattapan komanso pafupi ndi tawuni ya Idukki.

Chule chofiirira sichimabwera kwenikweni kuchokera kudzenje lake.

Mwachilengedwe, achule amenewa, omwe thupi lawo limafanana ndi mafuta onunkhira, adagwidwa kale ndi anthu a m'deralo, koma akatswiri azamanyama okha sadakonde izi. Nkhani yakupezeka kwa achule wofiirira idayamba pambuyo pa Pulofesa Biju kuona m'modzi wa iwo.

Moyo

Pafupifupi munthu wakudya zamtunduwu amakhala moyo wake wonse mobisa, nthawi zina amabwera pamwamba pongokulitsa mtundu. Popeza nthawi zonse amafunikira malo onyowa, amadzikumbira yekha dzenje, pogwiritsa ntchito mawondo ake ngati mafosholo, kuponyera pansi kumbuyo kwake.

Chule wofiirira watanganidwa ndi ma handworks.

Pambuyo pa "ntchitoyi", kutenga malo oyimirira ndikuwongolera matumba ake pansi pake, chule akupuma.

Kuswana achule

Mvula ikayamba kulowa, chule limakwera pamwamba. Ataganiza zokhala ndi mnzake, ayamba kukhwima. Nthawi yonseyi, yamphongo, yogwiritsa ntchito zomata za pakhungu lake, imatsatira mkazi kuyambira kumbuyo. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mwamunayo wa achule awa ndiwotsika kwambiri kukula kwa mkazi, ndipo amatha kumangoyenda pansi.

Achule awa amatha kudziwidwa ndi makolo osasamala.

Mothandizidwa ndi mpeni wopyapyala, chule limatulutsa tizilombo m'manja mwawo.

Mazira akaikidwa m'madzi, akuluakulu amapitanso mobisa. Ndipo nthenga zoswidwa amakakamizidwa kudzisamalira okha.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Monga tanena kale, pofufuza chakudya, chule chimathandiza fungo lake lokoma. Nyongolotsi zazing'ono, nyerere ndi chiswe zimakhala chakudya chake. Kukula kwa kamwa yake sikuloleza kusaka tizilombo tina tambiri, popeza sangathe kuwameza.

Chule chofiirira chimatupa chifukwa changozi.

Ndi phokoso lakachetechete, imalowerera mosavuta m'matumba a tizilombo ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi lilime lake lozunguliridwa, imawachotsa pamenepo.

Adani a Chule Wofiirira

Mpaka pano, mdani wamkulu wa mitundu iyi ya achule ndi munthu. Nthambi kumene anthu amphibiansanowa amakhala kuti adadula minda ya khofi, ginger ndi karamu m'tsogolo. Izi zitha kubweretsa kutha kwazonse kwa chule wofiirira, womwe walembedwa mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural ndi chuma chake.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

26.05.2013

Chule wofiirira (lat. Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) ndiye yekha woimira mitundu ya achule wofiirira ndipo ndi wa banja la achule a Seychelles (lat. Sooglossidae). Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka kumpoto kokha kwa nkhokwe ya Idukka kumapeto kwa mapiri a Sahyadri kumwera kwa India (Kerala).

Onani mafotokozedwe

Chule wofiirira kapena wofiirira (lat. Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis) ndi nthumwi ya amphibians. Uwu ndi mtundu umodzi, womwe umaphatikizidwa m'banja la achule a Seychelles. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zakale apeza zaka 15 zapitazo, chifukwa chule anakhalako zokha. Chinthu choyamba chomwe timaganizira kwambiri poyang'ana chithunzi cha chule wofiirira ndi utoto wofiirira, mphuno yoyera ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a thupi.

Modabwitsa, amphibian amawononga pafupifupi moyo wake wonse mobisa. Amasankhidwa kumtunda kokha chifukwa chobala. Amakhala kumadzulo kwa India. Malinga ndi Pulofesa Biju, yemwe adazindikira zolengedwa zachilendozi, nthumwi za anyamatawa zidawonekera munthawi ya Mesozoic, ndiko kuti, zaka zopitilira 170 miliyoni. Kodi mungaganizire? Adapulumutsanso ma dinosaurs!

Anthu okhala m'midzi yaku India adawonapo kale malowa. Koma asayansi adakhulupirira kuti nyamayo ndi nkhambakamwa chabe, chifukwa chule sichitha kuwoneka ngati misa yofiirira!

Nyama yachilendo

Makolo akale a chule wofiirira adakhalako pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Ankakhala pachilumba chachikulu chomwe chinali gawo la Gondwana wakale kum'mwera. Poyamba, kupambanaku kudagawikana ku Australia, Africa, India ndi Madagascar, ndipo pafupifupi zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo, zilumba za Seychelles, zomwe tsopano zimakhala ndi abale awo apabanja la a Sooglossidae, adasiyana ndi India.

Kupezeka kwa mitundu yapaderayi kunachitika mu Okutobala 2003, ngakhale kuti ma tadpoles awo akhala akudziwika kwa akatswiri azowona za nyama ku Europe kuyambira 1917. Mu 2008, chule wofiirira adaphatikizidwa mndandanda wolemekezeka wa nyama 20 zoyipitsitsa zomwe zimakhala padziko lathuli.

Anthu okhala komweko akhala akudziwa kale zodabwitsa ndi cholengedwa ichi. Koma asayansi aku Europe sanakhulupilire nkhani zawo, mpaka iwowo atakhala ndi mwayi kuwona cholengedwa ichi muulemerero wake wonse.

Chule wofiirira kumapeto kwa muzzle ali ndi mphuno yaying'ono yoyera, yokhala ngati mphuno ya munthu. Pachifukwa ichi, dzina lake lasayansi limachokera ku liwu la Sanskrit nasika, lotanthauza mphuno. Batrachus m'Chigiriki amatanthauza chule, ndipo Sahyadri ndilo dzina la komweko kuphiri komwe mitundu iyi ya achule imapezeka.

Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi, zimasunthira padziko lapansi ndipo zimayenda mosakhazikika kuyambira kumadzulo mpaka m'bandakucha, zikumapanga mawu ocheperapo pafupipafupi pa 1200 Hz.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Thupi la amphibian limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, kunja kwake kumawoneka ngati mkazi wonenepa. Koma mutu uli ndi kukula kocheperako, mamapu amawongoka pang'ono, mphuno ndi yaying'ono, yoyera. Thupi la anthu amisinkhu yobala limakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, kumimba kwam'mimba khungu limakhala losalala, la imvi. Kukula kwa thupi sikupitirira masentimita 9. Mawotchi afupiafupi.

Maso ali mozungulira, masomphenya ali pafupi kukhazikika. Koma mphamvu ya fungo imapangidwa bwino. Chifukwa cha kununkhira, chule akuyang'ana chakudya. Akununkhira chakudya, amaika kutsogolo kwa muzizilowezi mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono, akuwedza chiswe kapena mphutsi pogwiritsa ntchito lilime lalitali. Popeza pharynx ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, osatha kumeza tizilombo tambiri, maziko ake azakudya ndi ochepa, nyongolotsi ndi nyerere.

Moyo wapansi

Kunja, nyamayo imawoneka yosalala komanso yosalala. Koma sichoncho. Mkulu wam'madzi amatha kukumba ndikadutsa mphindi ziwiri mpaka zitatu, kuya kwake ndi mamita awiri kapena atatu. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, chinyezi chambiri mnyumba ndizofunikira.

Pa miyendo yakumaso ya nyamayo pali zopindika zina. Amawoneka ngati ma warts. Cholinga cha zophukazi ndi kukumba dzenje. Chule amawagwira, ngati kuti ndi mafosholo, akumuponyera pansi pambuyo pake.

Pansi pake, akufunafuna chakudya. Pumulani mwakuya kwamamita atatu. Ndi chilengedwe chokhazikika motere kwa nthawi yayitali chomwe chidapangitsa kukhala chinsinsi cha nyama kwa akatswiri asayansi ya zamanyama, asayansi ya zinyama ndi asayansi.

Kufotokozera

Chule wofiirira amakhala ndi squat, wozungulira pang'ono, pomwe pamakhala mutu wocheperako komanso manyazi. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda bii, lilac kapena utoto wofiirira ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa 5-9. Kunja, amafanana ndi mafuta owola kuchokera ku chakudya chotsika mtengo.

Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Ngakhale ndiochulukirapo, ophabians amenewa amatha kukumba mink yakuya ndi miyendo yawo yolimba, yomwe imatha kukhala yakuya mamita 3-7.

Moyo padziko lapansi

Anthu okalamba amenewa amasiya ma mink kwa milungu iwiri yokha pachaka, pomwe nthawi yamvula yambiri ku Western India imayamba. Pakadali pano, kukhwima kwa akuluakulu kumachitika. Ndipo nthawi imeneyi ndiyomwe imatha kuwona nyama zodabwitsa m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Zimakwatirana pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja kapena ngalande.

Popeza thupi laimuna ndi laling'ono kuposa thupi la chachikazi, amakwanitsa kusunga mbali yake kuti isangolowa m'madzi. Kuti achite izi, khungu laimuna limabisalira chinthu chomata, mothandizidwa ndi iye amadzikhuthula ndi mkaziyo osamlola kuti atenge. Mawere akuchokera mazira amapezeka dziwe. Ana onyentchera alibe chidwi ndi makolo, ana ophunzirira ana amaphunzira kukhala ndiokha, kuti adzipetse chakudya.

Kuswana

Achule ena okhala pansi pamadzi amakhala pansi mobisalira, amawombera kumtunda kokha nthawi yamadzi, yomwe imangokhala milungu iwiri yokha pachaka. Pakadali pano, zazikazi zimayang'ana maiwe ang'onoang'ono ndikuyika mazira usiku. Nthawi zambiri mu clutch pamakhala mazira pafupifupi 3600.

Mabomba amapezeka posachedwa kuchokera kumazira, omwe, ndi isanayambike chilala, maiwe atayamba kuuma, amapita pansi. Metamorphosis imatha mkati mwa masiku 100.

Njira yamoyo iyi idawonekeranso pamasamba a amphibians awa. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi chiswe, koma nthawi zina samakonda kudya nyerere ndi mphutsi zazing'ono. Monga nzika zonse zapansi panthaka, chule wofiirira alibe khungu lakuthwa.

Chifukwa cha phokoso lalitali komanso lilime lonenepa, komanso kukhudzika kwambiri, imatha kuyamwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayamwa. Chifukwa chakuti achule ang'onoang'onowa amakhala pansi panthaka komanso m'dera lalikulu mita 14. km, moyo wawo akadaphunziridwa moyipa kwambiri.

Zosangalatsa

Palinso ena mfundo zosangalatsa za chule wofiirira. Zaka khumi zapitazo, adakhala m'gulu la nyama 20 zoyipitsitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mtunduwu ukuopsezedwa kuti udzawonongedwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kuthengo. Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse laphatikizira mitundu iyi ya amphibians mndandanda wake, ngati nyama yosowa yomwe ikuyembekezera kutha.

Chifukwa chake tidakumana ndi woimira zachilendo awa. Kodi mukuganiza kuti, ndizotheka kupanga machitidwe popanga ma achule wofiirira? Gawani malingaliro anu m'mawu.