Kutalika kwa akavalo - 126-129 cm.

Utoto - imvi ndi Bay, osakonda wakuda ndi wofiira.

Kunja - kavalo wamfupi kwambiri, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe a mzere ndi wolemera, wotupa, khosi ndilifupi, siligwira ntchito, thupi ndilolimba, miyendo ndiyifupi, yolimba kwambiri komanso yokhazikika, agogo ndi afupiafupi. Sanapangidwe konse. Tsitsi lomwe lili ndi thupi limakhala lathonje, lolimba, lakuda.

Mbiri yakubadwa

Mbiri yatsatanetsatane komanso yatsatanetsatane yodziwika bwino yamtundu wotere wamtundu wa ku Mongolia, mpaka lero sizikudziwika ndi aliyense. Pali zowerengeka zochepa pazomwe zidachokera, zomwe sizitsimikiziridwa ndi umboni, koma moyo watsiku ndi tsiku pakati pa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira kale, mahatchi achiMongolia amaonedwa kuti ndi mzere wa nyama zochokera ku mahatchi apakati achikulire aku Europe - tarpans. Ndipo patangopita nthawi, zaka masauzande angapo zapitazo, akavalo achiMongolia adayamba kudzipatula ndi zoyesayesa komanso zoyeserera, koma mwanjira yachilengedwe.

Uku kuswana kwa kavalo wokwera chifukwa kunali kuchokera mu 2000 milenamu BC ma steppes a Central Asia ndi mayiko awo adayamba kuyeseza okwera pamahatchi. Chifukwa chake, olemba mbiri amangokhulupirira kuti mtundu wa akavalo aku Mongolia umapangidwa pafupifupi zaka 3,000, ngati sichoncho. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, akukhulupirira kuti mahatchi achiMongolia adabadwa nthawi ya Genghis Khan, yemwe adakwanitsa kupanga kavalo wamakono. Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za a Mongol, kuyera kwa mtunduwo kudasungidwa kwazaka zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, kavalo wamakono wa ku Mongolia ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi kavalo, yemwe anali m'manja mwa gulu lankhondo la Genghis Khan kale m'zaka za zana la 12. Kuphatikiza apo, pali chidziwitso chotsimikizika chakuti mtundu wa mahatchi a ku Mongolia adatengapo gawo pantchito zoweta zodziwika bwino za Russia, Europe ndi Asia.

Moyo wazachilengedwe

Kuti tidziwe bwino za mahatchi omwewo, ndikokwanira kudziwa mawonekedwe ake, momwe amakondera, zomwe amakonda komanso kukonza.

Ngakhale mahatchi adatengedwa kuti akachite nkhondo ndi nkhondo, kavalo wa ku Mongolia amakhala wofatsa kwambiri, kwinaku akukhalabe wopilira komanso mphamvu zoposa zana limodzi. Mukawonetsa chisamaliro ndikuyang'anira nyamayo, imayankhanso chimodzimodzi, ikhumi basi. Akavalo achiMongolia amakonda ana, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa okwera pamahatchi. Chifukwa cha chilengedwechi, nyama nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pazisoti;

Kusadzikuza kwa kavaloyo kumachitika m'njira zonse chifukwa pakupangidwe kwake, mafuko a a Mongol, pamodzi ndi akavalo, adakhala moyo wawo wonse panja ndipo anapulumuka muzovuta zambiri. Chifukwa chake, masiku ano kukonza kavalo wa ku Mongolia sikufunikira ndalama zapadera komanso mtengo. Nthawi zambiri kavalo amakonda kukhala kunja kwa gululo. Mahatchi awa atha kusiyidwa bwino ndi ana, popeza samaluma konse ndipo amatenga nawo ntchito.

Kuyambira tsiku loyamba lomwe kavalo amakhala ndi mwiniwake watsopano, amakakamizidwa kuwunika kukula ndi chitukuko. Kwa mtundu uwu, ndikofunikira kuwunika ngati mafupa ndi minofu yolumikizidwa bwino idapangidwira kuti kavalo azitha kugwira ntchito ndikukhala ndi moyo wonse. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda olowa, makamaka akadzakula. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa nyama nthawi zonse kwa veterinarian. Chisamaliro chosavomerezeka chimawoneka mwachangu ndi ziboda zamkati ndi chikanga pakhungu. Nthawi zambiri mtunduwu umawonedwa kumbuyo kwa matenda m'mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, matenda mwangozi, laminitis.

Kudyetsa

Chifukwa cha njira yachilendo ya a Mongol, masiku ano kavalo wa ku Mongolia siwokhutira ndi zambiri, komanso chakudya. Okwera amatha kunyamula okwera okha kwa masiku ndi usiku, nthawi zina amadya msipu. Koma kwakukulu, akavalo amafunikira masamba atsopano, nthawi yachisanu - mu hay. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zamphesa ndi ndiwo zamasamba (kaloti, beets, mbatata) ndizopindulitsa thanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pakuchita bwino, kavalo amatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi shuga.

Zithunzi zojambula

Kavalo wachi Mongolia ndi bwana

Mahatchi achiMongolia akuthamanga

Hatchi yamtchire

Hatchi yamalawi masiku ano

Pakadali pano, a Mongol amagwiritsa ntchito akavalo awo poyenda, kunyamula katundu ndi ma bafa, kuteteza msipu wa nkhosa ndi ziweto zina. Ngati kavalo akufunika kumangidwa, ndiye kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito awiriawiri. A Mongol amayamikiradi mtundu wawo wa akavalo, chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri ndimagwiritsa ntchito masewera apamtundu wanthawi zonse. Anthu amapanga kounto kuchokera ku mkaka wa mares, ndipo nyama yopatsa thanzi imachokera ku mahatchi.

Masiku ano, mtunduwu umawonetsedwa mwanzeru komanso mwanzeru. Ndiye kuti, nthawi yotentha, udzu tsopano ukukololedwa kwa mahatchi, nyama zimasungidwa m'malo otetezeka komanso nyengo yoipa. Mahatchi amakhalanso ndi udindo komanso kukondera, osati chipwirikiti mwanjira iliyonse. Ndiye kuti pofuna kubereka ana apamwamba, anthu athanzi, athanzi labwino amasankhidwa kukhala makolo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuswana ndikuchitikirabe. Akavalo amalandila chithandizo chanthawi yake.

Chiyambi cha mtundu

Ndizosatheka kutchula tsiku lenileni lomwe mitunduyi idachokera chifukwa cha zochepa. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kavalo wa ku Mongolia adayamba kudziwikirana ndi mtundu wina mu zaka 2000 zachiwiri BC. Kenako, kumapeto kwa Central Asia, kubwezeretsa kwawo kokha kunayamba.

Kale m'zaka 100 zoyambirira za nyengo yathu ino, mahatchi amtundu wa ku Mongolia adadulidwa ndi mafuko opondera. Adazigwiritsa ntchito pazankhondo komanso zapakhomo.

Amakhulupirira kuti mahatchiwa adapeza mawonekedwe amakono ku Middle Ages - panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Genghis Khan ndi mbadwa zake. Panthawiyo, kuphatikiza mafuko a a Mongol kunachitika. Mahatchiwo ankadutsa, chifukwa cha momwe kavalo wa ku Mongolia ankadziyimira mosiyana.

Buku. Amakhulupirira kuti kuyambira nthawi ya Genghis Khan, mtundu wa ku Mongolia sunasinthe - umasungabe mawonekedwe ake enieni komanso mawonekedwe ake. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi nyengo yovuta yamapiri a ku Mongolia. Ndi anthu okhawo amphamvu omwe adapulumuka. Zinthu zikafika pamenepa, kubereka ndi mitundu ina sikunaberekenso ana omwe angadye mu mzere waukulu.

Ku Europe, akavalo awa adawonekera m'zaka za XIII - munthawi ya Mongol goli.

Kufunika Kwa Mahatchi mu Chikhalidwe chaimongol

M'mbuyomu, a Mongol ndi anthu osankhika. Mongol wopanda kavalo ngati wopanda mikono. Pakati pa Middle Ages, a Mongol aliyense waulere anali ndi akavalo angapo. Akapolo okhaokha analibe ziweto zawozawo.

Popeza nyengo ya ku Mongolia imakhala yovuta komanso kusowa kwa nthaka yachonde, anthu wamba amakhala moyo wosadukiza, womwe zinali zotheka popanda mahatchi. Chifukwa chake, sakanakhoza koma kukhala mu chikhalidwe chakomweko.

Fano lakale ku Mongolia ndi nthano yokhudza moyo wosakhazikika, nyimbo zokhudzana ndi akavalo ndi nkhondo yankhondo.

Anthu osamuka mwa a Mongol

Masewera a equestrian ndiwodziwika kwambiri ku Mongolia. Ngakhale m'zaka za zana la 21, anyamata amapatsidwa akavalo patsiku lawo lachitatu lobadwa.

Mitundu yonse ya mtundu

Khalidwe lalikulu lomwe kavalo waku Mongolia ali nalo ndikutha kudziunjikira mwachangu ndikuwononga zachuma mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kukhala okhutira ndi madzi ochepa ngakhale nthawi yotentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakutidwa ndi lalitali lalitali lokhala ndi undercoat yayitali. Ngakhale adakhalako kwanthawi yayitali, mtunduwu sunasinthe kwambiri. Mwa zokolola, kavalo wa ku Mongolia ndi wa mitundu yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa paketi, chishalo ndi zingwe. Komabe, imatha kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri komanso wosavuta kwambiri, popeza ili ndi kutalika pang'ono komanso kulemera kwenikweni.

Kodi zimasokoneza bwanji?

Mpaka kumapeto, palibe amene amadziwa bwino momwe kavalo wa ku Mongolia anapangidwira monga mtundu. Zonse chifukwa omwe amasankha masiku amenewo sanachite nawo zamabuku a studio.

Pamene mtundu wa kavalo wa ku Mongolia utaphunziridwa ndi asayansi, adazindikira kuti mtundu wa mahatchi osiyana ndi gulu la mahatchi aku Mongolia ndi wosiyana kotheratu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtunduwo udapangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo unkatenga magazi osiyanasiyana. Koma, komabe, agogo-a agogo a agogo aakaziwa amawawonedwa ngati tarpans (akavalo okhala kumpoto kwa dzikolo).

Kwa a Mongol, mahatchi amenewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Adali othokoza pama stallions awa chifukwa chitha kuthana mtunda wautali. Mahatchi aku Mongolia ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wosasuntha komanso waulere, ndipo inali njira iyi ya moyo yomwe idabadwa mwa anthu awa.

Akavalo aku Mongolia omwe ali pachithunzichi akuwonetsedwa mwanjira yoti amveka bwino: adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chokana adani, Genghis Khan anali atakhala pa imodzi ya mahatchi amenewa m'zaka za XIII. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti ndi thandizo lawo ufumu wamphamvu udapangidwa. Mahatchi anagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Kutengera izi, asayansi amaganiza kuti, monga mtundu wodziimira pawokha, akavalo awa adayamba kubereka kwinakwake kuyambira zaka za zana la 12 ku Mongolia. Komanso, akukhulupirira kuti ziweto izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalamezi.

Weather nyengo

Nyengo ku Mongolia ndichilema kwambiri, ndichilema, ndipo kuli mafunde ambiri. Kuli kuzizira makamaka kumpoto, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kumasintha (mpaka 80 °). Chilimwe chotentha, chouma chikusinthidwa ndi nyengo yozizira yayitali (mpaka 40 ° pansi). Zimachitika kuti chimphepo chamkuntho chimayipa kwa masiku angapo, ndipo nthawi yotentha chimadza kumwera, kumwera chakumadzulo kumphepo zamkuntho. Kukhazikika sikusowa. Chipale sichinama kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kumpoto kwa dzikolo kwadzaza zitsamba. Mphesa zimamera m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri - fescue, pinworm, udzu wamtambo, buluu, udzu wa tirigu, m'mipata yokhala mitsinje, kumapiri otumpoto a mapiri, pamadambo a marshy pali udzu wambiri wopatsa thanzi: sabelnik, saxifraga, puffer ... Pakatikati pa republic steppe zomera zikukula. Zomera zam'chipululu sizoyenera kubereka monga kavalo wa ku Mongolia. Zithunzi za mahatchi zikuwonetsa maonekedwe akunja a thupi ndi chilengedwe zomwe zimawonetsedwa kunja.

Makhalidwe akunja

Ndizosangalatsa kuti masiku ano mahatchi ofotokozedwawo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a Genghis Khan. Mahatchiwa ochokera ku Mongolia ndi aafupi kwambiri, omwe amapezeka mu akavalo wamba. Hatchi ya ku Mongolia inapangidwa m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri: pakufota, kulimba kulibe kutalika kwa 128 cm, ndipo mare ndi ang'ono masentimita angapo.

Maonekedwe a mahatchiwo ndiakulu, miyendo yake ndi yopanda kufupika. Phokoso ndilotakata, mutu ndi waukulu, ndipo khosi limakhala lalifupi. Ma Hooves ndi olimba komanso okhazikika. Monga lamulo, akavalo awa siotengera (palibe chikhalidwe chotere m'dziko lakwawo), komabe komabe nthawi zina mumatha kukumana ndi kavalo wokondweretsa. Ubweya wawo umakhala wonenepa komanso wowuma: nthawi yozizira, ubweya umachulukanso. Ubweya wotere ndi chizindikiro cha mtundu uwu.

Mahatchi ochokera ku Mongolia ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso chopindika. Pa nkhope yanu, mutha kuwona mawonekedwe a hump. Maso ndi ochepa. Mngono pa mchira ndi wautali.

Mitundu ya ku Mongolia imatchulidwanso dzina lina. Oimira ake amadziwika kuti ndi akavalo oyenda. Pakati pawo, mutha kuwona suti yosiyana: yofiira, ndi nightingale, ndi kaurai, ndi bulan, ndi bay. Pocheperako pang'ono mutha kupeza anthu otuwa pang'ono. Mahatchi owala ndi kuwoneratu ndi otchuka. Makhalidwe akunja amatha kuwunikidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu chithunzi.

Mahatchi achi Mongolia amatha kutumikira mbuye wawo kwa zaka 20-24. Chepetsani mochedwa. Munthu wakukula mthupi amatha kungotchedwa kuti yemwe wafika zaka 6.

Kusintha Kwanyengo pa Kubadwa

Kusungidwa kwakukulu kwamahatchi ku Mongolia, kusankha kwawo kwachilengedwe sikunathandize kuyesa kuswana. Imakhalabe yosazindikira komanso yaying'ono kukula. Gulu la a Mongol lidatha kusinthika mothandizidwa ndi akavalo ogwidwa ndi a Mongol a mitundu yomwe inali kulimidwa, mwachitsanzo, ochokera ku Central Asia. Akavalo okhala ngati alendo ndi mitanda yodutsa sinathe kuzolowera moyo wamagulu am'mwaka wotentha.

Komabe, kuweta zoweta pafupi ndi Mongolia (Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) komanso kumpoto (mtundu wa Minusinsk) ndizokulirapo kuposa Chimongolizi kukula. Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa chake ndikuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuswana kwamahatchi komanso nyengo yofunda. Zomwezi zikuchitikanso madera oyandikana ndi Mongolia - dera la Chita, Buryat-Mongolian, Altai ... Akavalo m'malo awa ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi, komwe kungafotokozedwe pokhapokha pazovuta za omaliza.

Khalidwe

Mitunduyo idasungidwa kuti izichita nawo nkhondo ndi nkhondo. Komabe, titha kunena kuti akavalo amakhala bata kwambiri mwachilengedwe. Pamodzi ndi bata, mahatchi aku Mongolia ali ndi mikhalidwe iyi:

• ali olimba
• kukhala ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa.

Ngati mungayang'anire kavalo wotero, samalani, adzabwezeranso, ndipo zabwino zonse zidzabwezedwa ndi womanga. Hatchi yotere imayamikira ndikukumbukira mkhalidwe wabwino wa munthu. Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwabwino ndi anthu, nyama za ku Mongolia nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa pamahatchi. Kukhazikika kosinthika kumaloleranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kavalo pansi pa chishalo, koma kutuwa koteroko sikoyenera kumayendetsedwa.

Mitundu yomwe kavalo waku Mongolia amakhala nayo. Kufotokozera Kunja

Madera opezeka ku Mongolia amasiyana kwambiri nyengo, malo komanso kuswana kwa mahatchi. Izi zakhudza mitundu yamiyala: kumadzulo ndi yayikulu, ndipo kum'mwera - yaying'ono. Zotsikitsitsa kwambiri zimafota kutalika kuyambira 123 cm mpaka 125 cm. Zimaleredwa kumadera akum'mwera kwa Mongolia. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa palamulo la akavalo akuMongolia zimawonetsedwa mu squat, thupi lolimba, zigawo zazikulu zamafuta ndi chovala chambiri cha ubweya. Izi zimathandiza nyama kuteteza thupi kuti lisatenthe kwambiri. Kutha kupulumutsa malo osungirako mafuta kumapangidwa kuti pakhale mphamvu zopangira thupi zofunika kuti ikhalebe yofunikira nthawi yovuta.

Zochitika Thupi

Mfundo ndi kunja kwa akavalo akuMongolia ndi izi:

• Wamutu, wamkulu mutu.
• Maso ang'ono.
• Chowonda, khosi lalifupi komanso kutulutsa kochepa.
• Chifuwa chachikulu komanso chakuya.
• Kubwerera kumene.
• Kuthira croup.
• Agogo ndi owongoka, afupi.
• Miyendo ndi yochepa (ma chestnuts atha kusakhalapo).

Malinga ndi sutiyo, kavalo wakuMongolia samasankhidwa. Mkulu wopepuka, bulan, solovy, wofiira, bay, kaurai, wowona, savras, ndi chubara amapambana. Mahatchi ku Mongolia amadziwika ndi moyo wautali (zaka 20 mpaka 24) ndi kucha mochedwa (chitukuko chimamalizidwa zaka 6).

Kupirira

Ofufuzira monga Przhevalsky, Kozlov ndi ena ambiri adaganizira za kupirira kopambana kumene mtundu wa mahatchi aku Mongolia umakhala nawo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moperewera zakudya ndi chisamaliro. Akavalo wamba amatha kukwera ndi wokwera mpaka 80 km pa tsiku, ndipo nthawi zina amayenda mpaka pa 120 km. Mahatchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokwera pamahatchi ambiri, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mipikisano yamtundu, kuyendetsa mapaketi, ng'ombe zamphongo, mbuzi, nkhosa ndi zina zapakhomo paulimi. Udindo wawo ndiwofunika kwambiri m'moyo wa a Mongol kwakuti pali akavalo oposa mmodzi pamunthu. Kupirira kwa akavalo ku Mongolia kumakopa obereketsa kuti apeze mitundu yatsopano, koma pakadali pano malowa sangathe kudzitamandira chifukwa cha kuswana kwapadera.

Ulimi

Kukula kwa ukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino kwambiri pantchito yopanga akavalo. Mafamu ambiri amakolola msipu kwa dzinja, amapanga nyumba zosavuta kukhazikika nyengo yoipa, kusankha masitayelo, kuyesa kuwoloka kwa akavalo am'deralo ndi mahatchi a Don, magalimoto akuluakulu ndi mitundu ina yamahatchi oyenda bwino. Ntchito yoletsa ikuchitika ndimatenda osiyanasiyana omwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa chuma cha boma makamaka komanso kuswana kwamahatchi.Paulimi, mahatchi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga nyama ndi mkaka.

Kuswana

Masiku ano, kavalo wa ku Mongolia amawetera kubusa. Malamulo ake, thupi, ndi machitidwe ena amapangidwa makamaka mothandizidwa ndi nyengo, zolemba zapamwamba, mawonekedwe osunga, kudyetsa, kudyetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Dera la Mongolia lokha ndi malo owazunguliridwa ndi mapiri. Mtunda umakwezeka pamwamba pamadzi mpaka 1300 metres. Gawo lakumpoto lili ndi mapiri olimbirana ndi mapiri ndipo m'malo mwake limalowedwa m'malo ndi nkhalango. Dera lino la Mongolia ladzaza ndi chipululu.

M'nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe zimasungidwa m'malo omwe amatetezedwa kwambiri ndi mphepo, udzu, ndipo ludzu la mahatchi limatha chisanu. M'chilimwe, akavalo amasamukira kumadzi kupita kumadzi (mitsinje, nyanja, akasupe). Apa kulemera kwa akavalo achiMongolia kubwezeretsedwa. Koma zovuta zambiri zimagwera pamtunda wawo: kutentha kwambiri, mphepo zowotcha ndi mitambo yafumbi, kusowa kwa madzi, kuwukira kwa ntchentche ndi udzudzu. M'dzinja, kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsika, kotero mahatchi amadziunjikira nkhokwe zazikulu zamafuta, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.

Chaka choyamba ndi chachiwiri chinyamu ndi chovuta kwambiri, chimasowa chakudya. Pakupita miyezi iwiri (itatu) yachilimwe, nyama yamkaka imayamwa mkaka kuti ipeze mkaka. Munthawi imeneyi, anyani amathera nthawi yayitali atadontha. Chifukwa chake, amatha kumwa mkaka wa m'mawere usiku wokha. Ziweto zimadyanso usiku. Zimachitika kuti zimadyetsa chakudya msipu kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko.

Akavalo amtundu wa ku Mongolia ndi okhazikika. Ambiri a iwo akugwirabe ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 18. Nthawi inayake, olondawo adagula mahatchi omwe adalembedwa zakale ndi asitikali (azaka 20 mpaka 22), omwe adawagwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mawonekedwe a Zida

Mabwana oyang'anira mahatchi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zokongoletsa zake. Kapangidwe kameneka, komwe kamakhala ndi lingaliro lachiMongolia kwa kavalo, kumakupatsani mwayi wotulutsa chithunzicho osachichotsa. Chingwecho chimapangidwa kuchokera ku zingwe zopapatiza za rawhide. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chovala chaching'ono, chomwe amaphatikiza ndi champagne wautali, wopanga. Nthawi zonse imakhala m'manja ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikwapu. Tchuthi chimenecho, zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zimakongoletsedwa kwambiri.

Zisanja amapangidwa mu mtundu wa dziko. Loko yamatabwa imakhala ndi mashelufu awiri afupi kwambiri komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu, uta wamtundu wa trapezoidal, kutsogolo kwake komwe ndikokwezeka pang'ono kuposa kumbuyo, ndipo kuthamangitsa mashelufu kumachitika pakona. Ayenera kuganiziridwanso cholinga cha chishalo, zaka za wokwera ndi jenda. Chisoni ndi cha tsiku ndi tsiku komanso chikondwerero, magawo onse omwe amakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi siliva, ngati impso. Olimba pa tchuthi amakongoletsedwanso ndikuthamangitsa komanso kulemba. Shabraki, mthunzi umakhala wokongoletsedwa ndi embroidery ndi embossing. Zisumbu zimakhala ndi zofiirira, zapinki, zofiirira, zachikaso ndi mitundu ina yamitundu.

Kugwiritsa

Mongol wopanda kavalo, wopanda mikono ndi miyendo. Banja lililonse limazifuna - ngati sizoyenda, ntchito, ndiye kuti mkaka mukutsimikiza. Cholinga chake: ntchito yankhondo, othandizira, okwera pamahatchi, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito chishalo chapadera cha ku Mongolia. Mahatchi, komabe, ali ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ntchito zovuta - uku ndikutukuka pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, kavalo wa ku Mongolia samalekerera nyengo yonyowa kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti magawo awo azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ena.

Chifukwa chofulumira, kopanda phindu, gallop yosavuta, magwiridwe antchito abwino posambira, akavalo achiMongolia amayenda bwino mumchenga, kukwera mapiri mosavuta, kutsika kuchokera kwa iwo. Mutha kupeza kavalo wa pacifier, yemwe amadziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu.

Kuthamangitsa mahatchi kumatchuka kwambiri pakati pa zosangalatsa. Pakati pawo, omwe amakhala kwambiri ndi mtunda wautali (25 km). Akavalo wamba amapitilira 25 km pansi pa wokwera pang'ono pafupifupi mphindi makumi anayi ndi ziwiri. Mahatchi abwino kwambiri anali ochokera ku Undurkhan. Kuchokera pamenepo adapita nawo kumadera osiyanasiyana a Mongolia ndikumawatumiza ku China. Ku Ulan Bator kuli hippodrome komwe kumachitika mipikisano. Zowonadi, kavalo amayamikirira mtunduwo, malamulo ndi kunja. Sikuti mahatchi onse amakhala ndi liwiro lapadera kuposa mahatchi. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yothamangira mahatchi imapezedwa pobzala mtundu wina wamadzi wamtunduwu ndikamakwiriridwa ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wina. Pomwe kunalibe chitukuko, ku Mongolia kunali malo ambiri opangira masewera othamanga.

Mwachitsanzo, mitundu: Borzhigon, Halshar, Bayanzagaan. Pambuyo pakuyanjana ndi ng'ombe, palibe funso la akavalo oyenda pansi. Koma, chifukwa cha njira zomasulira bwino za abusa, adakwanitsa kupulumutsa gawo la mitundu yankholomo.

Zamakono zimasiya chizindikiro ku Mongolia. Masiku ano, anthu akuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kukwera mahatchi. Chifukwa chake, mahatchi amataya mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe. Ngakhale kavalo ndi kunyada kwa a Mongol, magalimoto ndi njinga zamoto amabwerera.

Mawonekedwe

Mahatchi oteteza ku Mongolia omwe ali ndi miyendo yochepa komanso mutu waukulu. Makulidwe ake amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku kanjedza ka 12 mpaka 14 (121.92 - 142.24 cm). Amalemera pafupifupi 270 kg. Ali ndizofanana ndi kavalo wa Przhevalsky, koma mosiyana ndi omaliza, ma mane ndi mchira wawo ndiwotalikirapo, ndipo ulusi wawo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuluka zingwe (amalimbitsa bwino zomangamanga), tsitsi la mchira mwachikhalidwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati uta uta wa morinhur. M'mbuyomu, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kavalo wachiMongolia anali pachibale cha Przewalski, koma chiphunzitsochi chinatsimikizika mu 2011 poyesa ma genetic. Zinatsimikiziridwa kuti kavalo wa Przewalski sakhala kholo la abulu aliwonse, ngakhale amatha kuwoloka ndi mahatchi apakhomo kuti asakanize ndi kubereka ana ochulukirapo. Mwa mabanja apakavalo a E. ferus, ndi ferus fera yekha wa E. ferus, yemwe amatchedwanso Europe kapena kavalo wamtchire, yemwe ali ndi udindo wamba ndi kavalo wamakono. Zisoti ndizoyikongoletsa ndi mane. Masuti ndizosiyana kwambiri, mahatchi ofiira komanso ofiira ndizofala kwambiri. Mahatchi achi Mongolia amakhala opirira kwambiri, ngakhale ali ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono, amatha kulilima kwa 10 km osapumira. Yokhala ndi ngolo, mahatchi anayi achiMongolia amatha kukoka katundu wina kwamakilomita 50-60 patsiku. Popeza mahatchi amenewa amaloledwa kukhala moyo wofanana ndi mahatchi amtchire, sikuti amafunikira kusamalira ziboda zawo. Ziboda zake ndizokhazikika, mahatchi ochepa kwambiri ndi akavalo amtchire, ndipo kuli ma forge ochepa kwambiri mdzikolo. Mahatchi achi Mongolia nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ziboda zolimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto amiyendo. Nthawi zina mahatchi amasankhidwa.

Amakhulupirira kuti mahatchi ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a Mongolia ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mahatchi achipululu akuti ali ndi miyendo yayikulupo kuposa pafupifupi ("ngati ngamila"). Mahatchi am'mapiri ndi otsika kwambiri. Mahatchi a steppe ndiwokwera kwambiri komanso othamanga kuposa mitundu yamahatchi a ku Mongolia. Makamaka, chigawo chakummawa cha Hentia ndi chigawo cha steppe cha Suhbator amatengedwa kuti ndi omwe amapanga akavalo othamanga kwambiri mdziko muno. Mahatchi akuda amadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo. Hatchi yakuda yolemera makilogalamu 250 okha imatha kunyamula katundu wolemera 300 kg. Pafupifupi monga kunyamula kavalo wina kumbuyo kwako. Madera ena a Mongol amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri polera mahatchi kuposa ena. Madera akum'mawa akutali amadziwika kuti "zigawo zamahatchi" chifukwa chokhoza kubereka mahatchi. Madera akumapiri akumpoto amadziwika kuti ndi "zigawo za ng'ombe," ngakhale mahatchi nawonso amabedwako.

Mitundu ya mahatchi ndi osiyanasiyana. Anthu akumadera osiyanasiyana ku Mongolia amakonda mahatchi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo motero amabala osiyana. Mtundu wa Darkhad umakonda mahatchi oyera, pomwe Nyamgawa amakonda mahatchi oyendayenda, ma bay kapena mahatchi akuda ndikupewa nyama zoyera. Mahatchi ena amawomberedwa chifukwa cha zomwe amakonda misika yakunja. A Elizabeth Kendall, omwe amayenda kumwera chakumwera kwa Mongolia mu 1911, analemba kuti: "Ndidachita chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa mahatchi oyera ndi oyera, ndipo adandiuza kuti mahatchi amapatsidwa msika ku China, ndipo izi ndi zomwe amakonda China." Anaonanso kuti ng'ombe zaku kumpoto kwa Turin pafupi ndi Turin zikuwoneka kuti zimakhala ndi mahatchi akuda komanso Bay.

Opanga kuswana akavalo makamaka chifukwa cha suti ndi mawonekedwe othamanga, komanso chifukwa cha thupi, umunthu ndi ulemu. Ku Mongolia, zolimbitsa thupi sizofunikira monga chikhalidwe cha azungu. Komabe, ena mwa mahatchi ndi abwino. Pakuyenda, kavalo amayenera kutsata ndi miyendo yakutsogolo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo kapena pang'ono kutsogolo. Moyenera, nyama iyeneranso kukhala ndi mutu waukulu, mafupa akuda, m'mimba akulu, miyendo yolimba, ikhale yayitali (koma osati yayitali kwambiri kuti isokoneze kupulumuka mu nyengo yozizira), ikhale ndi malaya akuda chifukwa chokana kuzizira, kukhala ndi chingwe chachingwe ndi mchira, mphuno. Zotsirizirazi zimawonedwa kuti ndizofunikira chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti akavalo okhala ndi nkhope yathyathyathya amakhala ndi vuto la msipu.

Giovanni de Carpini anali m'modzi mwa anthu oyamba kumene azungu kuti afotokozere zomwe amaonera akavalo aku Mongolia: ". [sizili] zazikulu kwambiri, koma zamphamvu kwambiri ndipo zimadya chakudya chochepa. " Mahatchi a ku Mongolia ndi opusa, olimba, owoneka bwino ndipo amayenda mopanda malire pamtunda wovuta. Ku Mongolia, nyama zambiri zimasungidwa kwaulere, ndipo ndi nyama zochepa zomwe zimakwezedwa zomwe zimagwidwa ndikuzilumikiza. Gulu la mahatchi limayendayenda kunyumba kwawo, nthawi zambiri limadyetsa mtunda wautali. Khosalo limaloledwa kusankha msipu wake popanda kulowerera kuchokera kwa eni ake. Zitha kuzimiririka kwa masiku angapo, ndipo pamapeto ake eni ake amazifunafuna. Akavalo akaphunzira kunyamula okwera, amakhala odekha, ochezeka komanso odalirika kwambiri. Popeza chilengedwe chimapereka bwino mahatchi achi Mongolia, kuwakweza kumawonongetsa chilichonse. Ndizofunikira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku, momwe anthu ambiri amakhalabe osungika. Abusa amawona mahatchi awo ngati chuma ndi gwero la zinthu zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku: zoyendera, chakudya ndi zakumwa.

Mahatchi nthawi zambiri amangodya udzu ndipo amafunikira madzi ochepa, omwe ndi othandiza pakupulumuka m'magulu monga Gobi Desert. Hatchi imatha kumwa kamodzi patsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, akavalo achiMongolia amakumba chisanu kuti adye udzu pansi pawo. M'malo mwa madzi, amadya chisanu.

M'nyengo yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika, akavalo amataya pafupifupi 30% ya kulemera kwawo. Ayenera kubwezeretsanso kulemera kwake m'chilimwe kuti akhale ndi moyo chaka china. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri (“tsudi”), akavalo amatha kufa ambiri chifukwa cha njala kapena kufa ndi kuzizira. Abusa amatha kuchita zochepa kupulumutsa abusa awo m'malo oterowo. M'nyengo yozizira ya 2009-2010, mahatchi 188,270 aku Mongolia adamwalira. Ngakhale akukhala m'malo opanda nyama, mahatchi ambiri amakhalabe ndi zaka 20 mpaka 40.

Amakhulupirira kuti kavaloyo adayamba kupangidwira kwinakwake ku gulu lankhondo la ku Europe. Koma si mahatchi onse ku Mongolia omwe adakhazikitsidwa nthawi imodzi. M'malo mwake, akavalo akuthambo komanso okhala kunyumba adakhazikika ndikuwoloka, kotero kuti magazi enieni "samakhalanso m'mavalo amakono aku Mongolia. Komabe, ngakhale satenga ngati mahatchi atchire ofanana ndi mahatchi a Przewalski, mahatchi ena othengo a ku Mongolia amayendayenda paphiripo ndi banja lawo lanyama. Mosiyana ndi ma mustangs omwe amayendayenda Kumadzulo ku United States, omwe amatchulidwa kuti ndi anthu osakhala obadwa nawo, akavalo azakutchire amakhalanso ndi moyo momwe makolo awo amakhalira zaka mazana ambiri. Nthawi zina, maulendo amtunduwu amasodza akavalo amtchire kuti agwirizane ndi gulu lawo.

Khalidwe

Akavalo aku Chimongolia ndiwofatsa, olimba mtima komanso wokonda msanga, wokonda kuthamanga m'malo ovuta. Ku Mongolia, ng'ombe zambiri zimadyedwa mwaulere. Hatchi ikangodziwana ndi wokwerayo, imakhala bata, yochezeka komanso yodalirika.

Chisoni cha ku Mongolia - chokwera kwambiri, chomata. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muziwongolera gait, komabe, nthawi zambiri, kavalo weniweniyo amasankha gait yoyenera, pomwe wokwera amatanganidwa ndi ntchito zina (mwachitsanzo, kudyetsa ng'ombe).

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Kufupika, kutalika kwamtali kufota osapitirira 128 cmmares - 127 masentimita. Thupi limakhala lalitali, lopindika, chifuwa chake ndi chakuya, chomata. Miyendo ndi yowuma komanso yochepa, mafupa amakulitsidwa bwino, ziboda zake ndizokhazikika. Khosi limakhala lalifupi komanso lamphamvu. Mutu ndi wamkulu, mbiri imasungidwa. Ma suti omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa: imvi, bay, bulan, savras, red, ndi wakuda. Khungu limakhala lakuda komanso lowonda, tsitsi limakhala lakuda, ndipo nthawi yozizira - yayitali.

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu wa ku Mongolia

1. Hatchi. Wamtali, wamtunda wopanda komanso wopanda thupi lalikulu ngati kavalo wamba wa ku Mongolia. Chovala sichichulukitsa. Kugawidwa kumadera akumadzulo a dzikolo.
2. Akavalo aku Arshant ndi Hotogoy. Amawoneka ndi thupi lopanda mphamvu komanso mafupa oyenda pang'ono. Amadziwika ndi malire a kumpoto kwa dera lapakati la republic.
3. Mahatchi a Ulcinj, Dondobain ndi Yugodzir. Zosangalatsa, zokhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso miyendo yayifupi komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito yolima kummawa kwa Mongolia.
4. Delighthangai. Wamng'ono kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo minyewa yosiyanasiyana. Amawetedwa m'malo a chipululu a morero wa Umnegov.

Chithunzi cha kavalo waku Mongolia

Kavalo wa ku Mongolia m'miyoyo ya anthu

Akavalo aku Chimongolia amatumikirira mwini wake mokhulupirika mpaka zaka 24. Kukula kumafika zaka 6. Mitunduyi ndi yolimba osati yokoma. Ndi wokwerapo amatha kuphimba 80 km patsiku, palokha - 120 km. Akavalo ndi thandizo looneka pafamuyo, onyamula ma bulu ndi katundu wina. M'mathumba okhala awiriawiri. Samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito akavalo ngati nyama, chifukwa choyambirira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za akavalo. Mares amapereka ayrag opatsa thanzi. Nthawi ya mayendedwe asanachitike, kavalo anali mgwirizano pakati pa likulu ndi madera akutali a dzikolo monga gawo la "UTRON service." Asitikali ankhondo a ku Mongolia amagwiritsa ntchito kavalo paulendo.

Kuthamanga kwa akavalo

Mpikisano wothamanga ku Ulaanbaatar ndi chizindikiro chadzikoli. Chojambulidwa cha liwiro kuthamanga kwa 1600 m ndi mphindi 2 ndi masekondi 6, mahatchi abwino 3200 m amagonjetsedwa mu mphindi 4 ndi masekondi 23. Mwakutero holide ya dziko la Mongolia ya Naadam, mahatchi pafupifupi 40,000 amapikisana. Kutalika kwa mtunda kumasiyana kuyambira 16 mpaka 32 km. M'mafuko a Naadam, malekezero a okwera amawonedwa mosamalitsa - ana kuyambira azaka 5 mpaka 14. Mahatchi olemekezeka kwambiri ku Mongolia amachokera ku Undurkhan, komwe adagwera kumadera ena a dzikolo komanso ku China.

• Mpikisano 1 - zaka ziwiri - mtunda wa 15 km.
• Mpikisano wachiwiri - zaka zitatu - 20 km.
• 3 mpikisano - zaka zinayi - 25 km.
• 4 mpikisano - zaka zisanu - 28 km.
• Mtundu wa 5 - magulu ena azaka zapamwamba (zaka zopitilira 5) - 30 km.
• 6 mpikisano - stallions - 28 km.
• Kufika kwa 7 - ambler.

Kavalo waku Mongolia: zomwe aposachedwa

Ndi kubwera kwachitukuko ku Mongolia steppe, malingaliro osunga mahatchi asintha. Amakolola msipu, amatemera kumatenda. Amakhazikitsa nyumba zakale kuti ateteze mahatchi aku Mongolia ku nyengo zovuta. Pomaliza, mwayi adasekerera kwa omwe akutsata. Zina mwazoweta bwino ndi Don ndi Trotting. Chitukuko cha nyama chimathandizidwa ndikukhazikitsa ndikukula kwa mitundu yatsopano ya ulimi ku Mongolia. Ochirikiza zinyama akuyembekezera mwachidwi kusintha komwe alengezedwa ndi boma ku nyumba yamalamulo a republic, kumangitsa zofunikira zochepa zosamalira mahatchi achi Mongolia.

Chiyambitsi cha kavalo wakuMongolia

Palibe zikunenedwa kuti mtunduwo unachokera kuti. Zomwe titha kunena zaka zapitazo za akavalo akuMongolia ndichowona kuti amagwiritsa ntchito m'miyoyo ya anthu ambiri.

Zomwe mtundu wakubadwa wa mahatchi aku Mongolia sudziwika

Mwachitsanzo, kavalo waku Mongolia adathandizira anthu kwambiri kunkhondo. Kutchulidwanso kwinanso kwa zaka za m'ma 1200 kumatiuza kuti panali akavalo ambiri amtunduwu mwakuti kuchuluka kwa mitu ya akavalo kudutsa kawiri, kapena katatu, kuchuluka kwa asitikali.

Chifukwa chake, kwa munthu aliyense panali akavalo awiri awiri, omwe anali ophatikiza - anali kupumuliratu ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pomenya nkhondo zatsopano, pomwe ena ankapumira m'gululo lina ndikudikirira nthawi yawo. A Mongol mu 1945 adayambiranso njira imeneyi, yomwe idawathandiza bwino pomenya nkhondo.

Gulu la mahatchi aku Mongolia

Pakadali pano pali mitu yoposa ma miliyoni awiri yamahatchi ku Mongolia. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotchuka m'maiko ena.

Mitundu yamahatchi achi Mongolia

Mtundu wa akavalo aku Mongolia umagawidwa m'magulu angapo.

Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mahatchi angapo

Gome 1. Mitundu yamahatchi aku Mongolia

Zinthu zake

Mahatchi a ku Mongolia safunikira ndalama zowonjezera ndipo safuna kuyesedwa pakukonza kwawo. Kuchokera pa moyo wawo adakhala moyo wosamukasamuka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kupulumuka m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso kuzolowera chilichonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zomwe zimakhala za mtundu wotere sizimabweretsa zovuta zapadera ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene. Mahatchi amakhala nthawi yayitali m'moyo wawo, amawakonda.

Mahatchi samakhala ndi nkhawa ngakhale atawasiya okha ndi ana aang'ono. Amakhala bwino, ndipo palibe zotsutsana: chiweto sichidzaluma ndipo sichingavulaze mwana. Kupatula apo, monga tanena kale, kavalo wotere amapatsidwa kwa ana pakubadwa.

Mwachilengedwe, akavalo amakhala oleza mtima komanso amakhala bwino ndi ana.

Mukasunga mahatchi, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe akutukukira. Izi ndizowona makamaka kulumikizana, mafupa ndi minofu ya akavalo. Kulonjeza kwa moyo wautali komanso wachimwemwe kavalo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mafupa opangidwa molondola a kavalo.

Mtundu umayamba kutengera matenda ogwirizana. Matendawa amakhudza makamaka mahatchi akale, omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka kuchokera kwa eni ake kwa anthu oterowo. Chinyama chimayenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa veterinari kuti athetse kukayikira ndi matenda omwe angakhalepo.

Mahatchi achi Mongolia amakhala olimba kwambiri

Kavalo wotere safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Chachikulu kwambiri m'derali ndikuwunika momwe mahatchi amaloza ndi khungu lawo. Ngati chithandizo cha ziweto komanso kusungidwa kwa zinyama zikufuna kukhala zofunika, mavuto onsewa akuwonekera pazinthu ziwirizi.

Komanso mahatchi amtundu wa ku Mongolia atenga matenda a mtima, omwe akutsimikiziranso kuti kupita kwa veterinarian sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Kudyetsa akavalo

Pankhani yazakudya, mahatchi amakhala odzichiritsa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha moyo womwewo, chifukwa mahatchi nthawi zambiri samadya osati zinthu zaluso kwambiri.

Mitunduyi imakhala yolemetsa m'zakudya

Akavalo amtchire a ku Mongolia nthawi zambiri amakhala achisoni. Izi zimawapangitsa kuti adye msipu wosavuta, udzu ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha amadya udzu, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakhala ndi udzu wokwanira.

Monga zakudya zina zowonjezera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito beets, mbatata, kaloti ndi masamba ena, ndi maapulo kapena kachidutswa kakang'ono ka shuga kungaperekedwe monga chithandizo cha kavalo.

Maapulo ndimomwe amakonda mahatchi

Kuyika kwa akavalo

Hatchi ya ku Mongolia imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zitatu:

1. Ulimi. Chifukwa cha kupirira kwake, kavalo waku Mongolia amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Paulimi, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha m'busayo.
2. M'masewera a equestrian. Ngakhale siilivalo wopambana kwambiri kuyenda, komabe, pa liwiro lotchuka ku Mongolia, akavalo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wautali.
3. Galimoto. Mahatchi ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri yoyendera.

Wofanana ndi mtundu wa akavalo aku Mongolia

Masiku ano, kufunika kwa mahatchi ngati njira yonyamula anthu akuwonongeka: mizinda ikukula, misewu, magalimoto, njinga zamoto ndi magalimoto ena akuwonekera. Komabe, akavalo sanayiwalike. Mphatso yayikulu pakubadwa ndi iye, ndipo ngakhale akutukuka dzikolo, akavalo akadali otchuka, makamaka kumadera akutali.

Nikolay Zhuravlev Woyang'anira wamkulu

Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo?
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Mitundu Yobzala Yamkati

Ma subspecies otsatirawa amasiyanitsidwa mkati mwa mtundu:

1. Chingwe. Dera logawa ndilo malire kumpoto kwa Mongolia. Chochititsa chidwi ndi thupi lalikulu.
2. Nyambo Choberekedwa kumadzulo kwa dziko. Zimapezekanso kum'mawa kwa Siberia. Hatchi ya Bait ndiyokwera kuposa kavalo wamba wa Mongol, mutu wake ndi wocheperako ndipo khosi lake limakhala locheperako.
3. Delgerhangai. Choberekera kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo, komanso ku China. Uwu ndi mtundu wowerengeka. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndizambiri zolimbitsa thupi, chifuwa chachikulu, komanso minofu.
4. Ultsinsky. Mawonekedwe - minofu yotchulidwa, miyendo yayifupi, kukwiya. Mitunduyi imapezeka kum'mawa kwa Mongolia, Siberia.