Gulu la mgwirizano litangoyambika m'dziko muno, abambo anga ndi mchimwene wanga adaganiza zokweza njuchi. Ndidayenera kuwona ndekha moyo wa njuchi, kupaka uchi, kuyenda mozungulira dzikolo kufunafuna minda yachonde ya uchi, kukhalira limodzi ndi njuchi, kugona pafupi nawo, akulira usiku wonse, kugwira ntchito, osamasula mapiko ndi mphamvu.

Ngati Soviet Union kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri ayesa kupanga chikominisi, ndiye kuti njuchi zakhala zikumanga chikominisi chawo kale ndikukhala mosangalala kuyambira kale. Mng'oma, mfundo yayikulu yachikomyunizimu imagwira ntchito "kuchokera kwa aliyense malinga ndi kuthekera kwake, kwa aliyense malinga ndi zosowa zake", ndipo amagwira ntchito mokwanira.

Njuchi ndi mzinda wamamilioni, momwe maudindo onse amagawidwa momveka bwino, ndipo pali wolamulira wolimba kwambiri. Njuchi zazing'ono zimakhala zolengedwa zauzimu zamulungu. Njuchi iliyonse imachita bizinesi yake, yopatsidwa kwa iye.

Njuchi zina zimatsuka, zimatsuka zonse kuti ziunikire, chachiwiri - chitetezo, kuteteza mng'oma usana ndi usiku kuti zisagwidwe ndi kufunkhidwa ndi njuchi zina, komanso mimbulu yolanda yomwe idya njuchi mazana. Njuchi zachiwiri ndizopanda pake kwambiri, zimagwiritsa ntchito olowerera ndikuwazunza posachedwa, njuchi zotsalazo sizolimba kwambiri, zimakhala zotanganidwa ndi zochitika zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuluma mdani pokhapokha pangozi zambiri. Njuchi ikaluma munthu kapena nyama, ndiye kuti imafa. Kuluma kwa njuchi, kosiyana ndi kuluma kwa mavu, kumakhala ndi mbedza kumapeto. Ndipo njuchi ikaiyika mu chikopa cha munthu ndikuyigwetsa iyo, mbola ikakoka mkati mwake, njuchi imafa.

Njuchi zachitatu zimagwira ntchito ngati mafani: kutulutsa chinyezi ku uchi, zimatulutsa mapiko awo usana ndi usiku. Chachinayi ndi alembi omwe amathandizira kubwezeretsa njuchi kuti zizitulutsira mungu. Lachisanu - atsikana olemekezeka, amalowa m'malo achifumu ndipo amapatsidwa udindo wosamalira mfumukazi. Chachisanu ndi chimodzi - nkhanu, kudyetsa achichepere. Chachisanu ndi chiwiri - scout, amawuluka kupita kukayang'ana malo opatsa zipatso ma kilomita ambiri, ndikubwerera, ndikusintha kukhala ma bellinas ndikuyamba kuvina kwapadera, kuwonetsa komwe kuli minda yopanga ma melliferous. Wachisanu ndi chitatu - osoka zitsulo, amakonza mng'oma, mabowo oyandikira ndi phula, amateteza zojambula, ndikuwonongeka kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika munthu kapena tsoka lachilengedwe. Wachisanu ndi chinayi - omanga, akugwira nawo ntchito yomanga ndi kuwonjezera uchi wa sera. Makumi - opanga, ogwira ntchito m'migodi, ambiri a iwo, amagwira ntchito yayikulu yotuta timadzi tokoma komanso kututa uchi m'nyengo yozizira.

Chiberekero ndi mfumukazi ya mzinda wamamilioni, womwe umakhala waukulu mumng'oma wa njuchi, zokolola za banja ndi thanzi la mng'oma zimadalira. Akazi olemekezeka akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti amusamalire, kuyeretsa mapiko ake, kuwadyetsa uchi ndi mungu, ndi kutenga chopondapo. Ngati chiberekero pachifukwa china chikuwuluka mumng'oma, njuchi zonse zimamutsatira, ndipo mng'oma ukhale wopanda kanthu.

Chiberekero chimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse; chimayika mazira m'maselo a hexagonal prismatic. Ngati akungoyikira dzira, ndiye kuti amatenga njuchi wamba, antchito oterowo amadyetsedwa uchi ndi mkate wa njuchi (mungu wamaluwa, womwe ndi gawo la mkate wathu wa njuchi).

Ngati chiberekero, chisanayike testicle mu cell, chimapanga bowo lalikulu ndi nkhonya, ndiye kuti drone (njuchi yamphongo) imamera kuchokera pamayeso awa. Ntchito ya ma drones ndikuphatikiza chiberekero, samatola uchi, koma amangoudya.

Ndinayenera kuchitira umboni ndekha momwe njuchi zimatsukitsira mng'oma wawo kuchokera ku ma drones, chifukwa ma drones adagwira ntchito yawo ndipo sanafunikenso ndi banja la njuchi. Njuchi zimaziona ngati tiziromboti ndikuziponyera kunja kuti zife mumsewu. Drones adayesera kukwereranso mumng'oma, koma njuchizo zidawathamangitsa, adazitaya kunja ndipo sizinawalole kupita kunyumba. Chifukwa chake iwo, tiana tating'ono, tinali ndi njala pafupi ndi mng'oma.

Ngati chiberekero sichikhutitsa njuchi ndi zokolola zake, zimayesetsa kukulitsa zina. Kukula mfumukazi zazing'ono, njuchi zimadyetsa ana omwewo osati ndi uchi ndi nthenga, koma ndi zakudya zonunkhira, monga chiberekero, ndi mfumukazi zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa achinyamata wamba. Ndiye chifukwa chake amati: "Nenani zomwe mumadya, ndipo ndinena kuti ndinu ndani!"

Kugwiritsa ntchito njuchi usana ndi usiku kuvala, chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo chimadalira kutalika komwe amawuluka kukatenga uchi. Popita patsogolo, iwo amatha mofulumira ndikumwalira.

Njuchi zimatola timadzi tokoma tomwe timayamwa tokha, ndikuyamwa yokha. Mothandizidwa ndi ma enzyme mu tsekwe la njuchi, timabowo timabimbidwa ndi kusandulika uchi. Pofikira njuchi, njuchi zimabowola zomwe zimatuluka m'maselo am'magazi, ndipo njuchi zimakonda kugwedeza mapiko awo, kutulutsa uchi chinyontho. Amagwedeza mapiko awo mpaka uchiwo utakula, kenako ndikulunga ndi sera kuchokera pamwamba, monganso amayi ogwira ntchito molimbika amaphimba zofunda zawo nthawi yozizira.
Pa miyendo yakumbuyo ya njuchi pali zinthu zina zapadera zomwe zimapanga maluwa. Nthawi zambiri ndawonapo njuchi yolemera yokhala ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yakutali kuyandikira mng'oma ngati ndege yonyamula. Ndipo njuchi zanyumba zimapukutira mungu ndi ma thumba awo, kuthandiza othandizira-njuchi kudzipulumutsa okha ku chakudya chomwe chimabweretsedwa mng'oma.

Njuchi zakufa zimayimira uchi, wopezedwa ndi ntchito yambiri ya njuchi mamiliyoni. Mukatola uchi, amaluma, buzz, samafuna kusiya golide wawo wakhama, mkate wamoyo ndi kupitiliza kwa ana.

Panthawi yodzitchinjiriza, inali ntchito yanga kuthamangitsa maselo ndi foloko ya singano yamagulu angapo, ndikunyamula mafelemuwo kukhala a centrifuge ndikutulutsa. Ndinkakonda kupukutira chigubacho chifukwa kutsekemera kwatsopano kunachokera, ndipo pabwalo, monga lamulo, kunali kutentha koopsa. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya ma centrifugal, uchi unakhazikika pamakoma a centrifuge ndipo unayenderera pansi, unangotsala ndi kutsegula mpango - ndipo uchi unatsanuliridwa mumtsinje wama amber kupita mu ndowa zazikulu zamkaka.

Ndizosatheka kufikitsa kukoma kwa uchi watsopano, womwe umafalikira pa mikate yoyera yatsopano ndi mkaka, muyenera kuyesa!

Mverani mawu a njuchi

Ma drones akamaliza ntchito yawo, amakhala opanda ntchito kwa njuchi, ndipo amathamangitsa ma drones. Amangoponya ma drones mumsewu, ndipo akafuna kukwerera mmbuyo, amachotsedwa mwankhanza. Chifukwa chake amayenera kufa osauka mumsewu chifukwa cha njala, pafupi ndi nyumba yawo yakale.

Njuchi yaikazi ndi yofunika kwambiri mng'oma.

Ngati chiberekero sichikhala ndi zochuluka, ndiye kuti njuchi zimayamba kufunafuna zina. Kuti mfumukazi ikule kuchokera ku njuchi, amayamba kumudyetsa osati ndi nthenga ndi uchi, koma ndi zakudya zapadera zaufumu. Chifukwa cha izi, mfumukazi ya chiberekero imapezeka kuchokera ku njuchi wamba. Apa mwambiwu umadzitsimikizira wekha - "ndizomwe mukuyesa."

Ogwira njuchi ayenera kugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Moyo wawo ndi wovuta, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatengera momwe amafunikira kuuluka. Akapitilira kuuluka, nyama zawo zimathothomoka, ndipo zimafa.

Njuchi zisonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma pogwiritsa ntchito phula, kudzipangira tokha. Mothandizidwa ndi ma enzyme, timadzi tam'malo timaboweka njuchi, ndipo uchi wokwanira umapezeka kuchokera kwa iwo. Kubwerera kumng'oma, njuchi zimatulutsa zam'mimba zawo m'maselo a hexagonal. Zitangochitika izi, njuchi zina zimayamba kugwira ntchito popanda kusokonezeka ndi mapiko awo, kutulutsa uchi kuchokera ku chinyontho. Amachita izi mpaka uchiwo utadzaza, kenako ndikuphimba uchiwo ndi sera kuchokera pamwamba, ngati amayi apanyumba akupanga masamba azungu.

Kutola timbale ta njuchi yogwira ntchito.

Pa miyendo yakumbuyo ya njuchi pali zinthu zina zapadera zomwe amazipinda mungu. Njuchi zomwe zasonkhanitsa mungu kukhala ndi miyendo yapinki, zimawulukira mumng'oma, ngati ndege yomwe ikubera. Pambuyo pake, njuchi zothandizira zimawathandiza kumasuka ku zomwe abweretsa.

Njuchi zimateteza uchi wawo molimba mtima; Mukayesa kuwatenga uchiwo, amalira mofuula ndikuluma kwambiri. Sakufuna kupereka zinthu zawo zabwino mophweka, chifukwa uchi kwa iwo ndiye chakudya chachikulu komanso chitsimikizo cha kubereka.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kodi banja la njuchi ndi lotani?

Chifukwa chodalira wina aliyense pabanja pa wina ndi mnzake, mungu wambiri ndi uchi umasonkhanitsidwa, kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi mumagulu amng'oma amasungidwa. Njuchi zimatha kubereka ndi kudziteteza kwa adani onse.

Banja lililonse la njuchi lili ndi zinthu zake:

• fungo,
• nesting,
• kukana nyengo yozizira,
• Kuthamanga ndi kutola uchi,
• magwiridwe,
• chizolowezi
• mulingo waukali.

Chiberekero chimagwira gawo lalikulu m'mabanja, pambuyo poti zinthu zitha kusintha. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'badwo ukusintha, motero, komanso cholowa.

Banja lili ndi mamembala awa:

• chiberekero ndi chimodzi,
• ogwirira ntchito - akazi omwe ali ndi njira yopitilira kubereka,
• ma drones ndi amuna.

Ponseponse, banja nthawi yotentha limatha kukhala ndi njuchi 80,000, nthawi yozizira - 20,000. Tizilombo touluka timatha kukula kwambiri munthawi yabwino. Uku ndiye kutentha koyenera, chakudya chokwanira. Kukula kwa njuchi kumachepetsa m'dzinja, nthawi yozizira - kuima.

Moyo wabanja la bee

Banja la njuchi limadziwika ndi polymorphism, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti multiformity. Izi zimawonekera pamaso pa chachimuna ndi mitundu iwiri ya akazi. Izi zidachitika motsutsana kumbuyo kwa chilengedwe.

Chiberekero sichitha kugwira ntchito, koma anaikira mazira okha. Komabe, iye sangathe kudyetsa ndi kulera ana, kusamalira nyumba. Ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito yonse, pomwe ma drones sachitapo kanthu. Ntchito njuchi zimapeza mungu, kudyetsa chiberekero kuchokera ku phenoscis, kukonzekeretsa mng'oma. Feature - akazi sangathe kulowa m'malo mwa chiberekero chifukwa cha kufupika kwa ziwalo.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa tizilombo kumakhudzidwa ndi nthawi ya chaka, mphamvu za banja lonse, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kugwira ntchito kwa anthu ena m'chilimwe kumatha mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri, panthawi ya matalala - mpaka miyezi 8. Moyo wawo wokhala ndi moyo zimadalira luso lawo pogwira ntchito (kuchuluka kwa momwe amagwirira ntchito, kuchepera komwe amakhala). Moyo wa chiberekero umafika zaka 4, koma malinga ndi kukonza kwambiri, amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 5.

Kutengera kukhulupirika kwa masanjidwe am'banja la njuchi, pali zizindikiro:

• Zoyambira wamba. Doni ndi njuchi zimabadwa kuchokera ku chiberekero chimodzi cha ovipositing.
• Kulephera kukhala ndi moyo wokha, ndiye kuti, palibe aliyense m'banjamo amene sangakhale pambali.
• Kufanana kwa magwiridwe antchito. Anthu amasamala za chitetezo, ana, amakhazikitsa microclimate mng'oma.
• Kuchenjera ndi kusinthika kwa magawidwe antchito - mitundu iliyonse ya anthu imachita bizinesi yake.
• Kumvera kwambiri malamulo apabanja.

Kukula

Ontogenesis (chitukuko) zimatengera kukula ndi kusiyanasiyana (njira yodziwira masinthidwe amtundu wa maselo molingana ndi kuthekera ndi magwiridwe ake). Ndiye kuti, kuchokera ku machitidwe omwe amapezeka mu chiwalo cha njuchi m'moyo wonse.

1. Akazi amakula ali dzira pa nthawi yomwe dzira limaphatikizana ndi umuna. The magengenis aamuna imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo nthawi yoyambira ya dzira, lomwe silinakundidwe. Izi zimachitika motsutsana ndi mtundu wa kakulidwe, pomwe dzira limapangidwa m'mimba mwa chiberekero, ndi spermatozoa mu gawo lachiwalo lamphongo.
2. Pambuyo pa izi, nthawi ya embryonic ya inclusionsis imayamba, pamene mluza umayamba mkati mwa dzira. Ngati dzira ndi ubwamuna, ndiye kuti chitukuko chimatenga masiku atatu, ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti nthawiyo imawonjezeka ndi maola 10. Patsiku loyamba, dzira lili pamalo owongoka, lachiwiri - limatenga madigiri 45, lachitatu - limatsikira pansi. Mkati mwake, mphutsi imapangidwa yomwe ilibe ziwalo zowoneka, fungo. Sikhala ndi utoto, thupi lathunthu limakhala ndi matumbo apakati. Maola angapo asanatulutsidwe, tizilombo ta mng'oma timadzaza maselo ndi mkaka wachifumu, kotero kuti mazira ali pamalo oyandama. Ngati namwino wopanga mkaka kudyetsa mphutsi za tizilombo tomwe tikugwira ntchito sikokwanira, ndiye kuti mphutsi zimatuluka zouma (palibe mkaka wa njuchi wokwanira).
   

Chiberekero chamtsogolo chimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi zakudya zamafumu.

Zodziwika pakapangidwe kakang'ono:

• mutangotulutsa, mawonekedwe amaso oyera ndi oyera,
• tsiku lachitatu limasanduka chikaso
• Lachinayi - pinki,
• Lachi 16 - lilac, pomwe chifuwa chimafanana ndi njovu.
• Tsiku la 18 - pamimba mwamdima, mafupa ndi zibwano - tan,
• 19 - bere limakhala lakuda kwambiri, maso amatenga kamvekedwe kofiirira.
• Tsiku la 20 - thupi limawoneka laimvi.

Kukula mutatuluka:

1. Mukamachoka m'chipindacho muli mvula yambiri, njuchi imapumula kwa masiku atatu. Akuluakulu amadyetsa, koma iyenso amatha kudya zotsalazo za kapu. Munthawi imeneyi, mtsikana wogwira ntchito amakhala akukhazikika, pambuyo pake amayamba kuyeretsa maselo. Tizilombo tina timawapukutira kuti aziwala ndi phula.
2. Kufikira masiku 7-10, kukula kwachinyamata kumakhala pafupi ndi chiberekero, kumadyetsa ndikukula mphutsi. Munthawi imeneyi, mkaka umapangidwa wokwanira. Mpaka masiku 6 a moyo amadyera mphutsi masiku 4-6. Kenako, achichepere amadyetsedwa.
3. Pakatha sabata limodzi, tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa timadzi tating'ono ta sera, motero, sera mu mawonekedwe ambale amathandizidwa. Njuchi zimakhala zomanga - zimapukuta mungu, zimapanga timadzi tokoma, ndikupanga uchi.
4. Pakatha milungu iwiri kapena kuposerapo, tiziwopsezo tambiri timasiya kupangika, motero tizilomboti amasinthana kuti asamalire chisa - amatsuka maselo, amatola ndikutola zinyalala.
5. Pakatha masiku 20 amoyo, njuchi zimayamba kukhala ngati zonditumizira. Amateteza chilimwe, amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa alendo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo akuyamba kuwuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kukumbukira kukumbukira komwe kuli mng'oma. Tizilombo touluka timayenda tokha pamutu pake kulocha taphole, ndikupita mosiyanasiyana.
6. Zakazo zikafika masiku 22-25, njuchi zogwira ntchito zimawuluka kwathunthu kuchokera "mnyumbamo" kukatenga uchi. Wosankhayo afotokozere anthu ena onse za malo omwe timatsekeramo. Amapangitsa kukhala kuyankhulana kwamaso.
7. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, njuchi imatunga madzi banja lonse. Nthawiyi imadziwika ndi anthu ambiri omwe amafa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatunga madzi kuchokera kumagwero achilengedwe. Popewa izi, njuchi zisamalire kupezeka kwa mbale zakumwa zomwera ndi madzi abwino mu njuchi.

Ntchito yazungulira njuchi imeneyi imapangitsa kuti michere yambiri izigwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha mabanja. Zakudya zam'mimba zimapezeka kwambiri munthawi yotuluka mu cell.

Ngati chiberekero kapena ana afa, ndiye kuti mlimi amafunika kukhazikitsa nthawi yomwe izi zinachitika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti gawo lililonse la chitukuko limadziwika ndi chiyani.

Pofuna kuwonjezera zokolola za njuchi, ndikofunikira kukonza njuchi. Pali malamulo omwe amafunikira nthawi yotola uchi:

• uchi kukonza ndi kupompa,
• kudyetsa nthawi yake komanso mwapamwamba,
• kusowa kwa njira yokumba
• bungwe labanja,
• makonzedwe a dzinja.

Momwe mungasungire njuchi:

• Makulidwe ofunikira atsulo ndi 9 mm, koma zochitika zatsopano zimawonjezera kusiyana mpaka 12 mm. Zomwe zili ndi nyumba zambiri. Koma izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kudya zakudya panthawi yachisanu.M'matumbo am'mbuyomo a tizilombo, zinyalala zakudya zosaphatikizika zimadzaza, motero, mng'oma utawululidwa masika, njuchi zimafunikira kuwuluka. Kupatuka pa magawo achilengedwe (pabowo, paboti) kumakwiyitsa msanga, zomwe zimathandiza mlimi - banja limachulukana ndikukhazikika. Werengani zambiri za kubereka njuchi munjira zosiyanasiyana - werengani apa.
• Pafupifupi tsiku lachitatu kuchokera kutseguka kwa ming'oma mu kasupe, antchito amabweretsa mungu ku zisa, ndipo chiberekero chimayika mazira. Mlimi mlimi nthawi imeneyi akuyenera kukulitsa zisa ndikuyamba kuwerengera masiku 36. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti m'masiku 20 mpaka 20 mbadwo watsopano udzaonekera (masiku 24 atatha chiwonetserochi) Pakatha masiku ena 12 (tsiku la 36), kukula kwamtunduwu kumathandizika pakupanga mafelemu a zisa, choncho mng'oma uyenera kuperekedwa ndi sera. Ngati ntchito yonse ikuchitika moyenera, kuti muthane ndi gawo la maziko a maselo (liyenera kukhala madigiri 110), ndiye kuti ntchitoyi ichitika mwachangu, chiberekero chidzafika kwambiri.
• Mlimi ayenera kuyika zakudya m'mizere yamafuta ndi mkate wa njuchi. Dongosololi likuyenera kufanana ndi chilengedwe - zojambula za pergovye zimayikidwa pansi pa ana.
• Ngati tizirombo timasungidwa muming'oma ya multhull, ndiye kuti zisa za uchi zimakhazikitsidwa ngati piramidi (zisa zidzapangidwa molingana ndi mfundo - 7, 9, 11).
• Dengalo liyenera kukhala louma kuti kutentha kusatayike. Izi zitha kupewa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zotayidwa ndi tizilombo ta njuchi posinthana ndi mpweya.
• Alimi odziwa ntchito ya njuchi amakonda mapangidwe opanga matupi osiyanasiyana, chifukwa ndizotheka kuchepetsa ndikukulitsa zisa ndi timiyala m'malo mwa mafelemu osiyana. Izi zimabweretsa kutsika kwa ntchito zogwirira ntchito kwa anthu ndikuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha njuchi. Koma pankhaniyi, kuvala zovala zolimbikitsa ndi uchi wambiri kumatchulidwa. Izi zidzabwezeretsa chakudya m'matumba mu nyumba zowerengera.
• Pazinyumba zambiri pamakhala ntchito zingapo popanda kuyang'ana mafayilo ndi kusakanizira chisa:
  • kuchepetsa zisa ndi kuyeretsa pansi - chotsani nyumba imodzi,
  • kuwonjezera - onjezani kumbuyo kwa,
  • kukhazikitsa nyumba “yomanga,”
  • mayendedwe a banja la kupukutira ndi kusonkha uchi mu mbewu zosiyanasiyana,
  • Kukhazikitsa masitolo kuyikapo chida cha uchi,
  • kusankha uchi
  • kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
• Zojambula ming'oma zimasankhidwa malinga ndi nyengo ya nyengo (kutentha kwa mpweya, kuchuluka ndi kuwongolera kwa mphepo), mtunda, kufunika kowonjezera zokolola. Ngati pokonzekera uchi wambiri, mng'oma uyenera kukhala wochuluka. Ngati mayendedwe pafupipafupi amayembekezeredwa, zokonda zimaperekedwa kumng'oma zomwe ndizoyenera kuyendetsa.
• Kapangidwe ka nyumba zanyumba zizikhala zogwirizana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa banja kukhala lolimba.
• Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo komanso koyenera.

Njuchi zozizira:

• Njuchi zimapereka mpumulo wozizira nyengo yachisanu ikayamba. Mng'oma, kutentha kuyenera kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 07. Ndi boma ili lomwe limapereka ndende yoyenera ya CO2 (ngati tikulankhula za kuthekera kwachilengedwe, ndiye kuti ndende iyenera kukhala 1-3.5%). Ngati matenthedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa CO2 ndikokwera, banja la njuchi limagwira, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zambiri zizidyetsedwa komanso kutsegula m'mimba msanga (chopondera champhamvu chimayambitsa matumbo a kumbuyo kwa matumbo).
• Misewu yozizira iyenera kukhala ndi kukula kwa 9 mm. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino wa kaboni, womwe ndi wofunikira pakusintha kwazinthu za njuchi, kukhala malo opumira.
• Kwa nthawi yozizira, zosaposa 5 kg za chakudya zimayikidwa mu banja limodzi.
• Munthawi yachisanu, mlimi ayenera kumamvetsera ming'oma - kalabu sayipanga kung'ung'udza, kung'ung'udza. Njuchi nthawi zambiri zimamera m'magulu atagona pabedi. Ichi ndi gawo lachilengedwe la tizilombo kuti tipeze michere yoyenera.

Chiberekero

Chiberekero cha banja lonse la njuchi zikwizikwi ndi chimodzi ndipo chachikulu, chifukwa chake chimatchedwa mfumukazi ndi mfumukazi ya mng'oma. Ndi m'modzi yekha mwa akazi onse omwe amakhala ndi kubereka. Zoyenera kuchita chonde, kubereka ana. Makhalidwe ake amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amayikidwa. Chiberekero chimaswa mazira 1,700-2,000 patsiku. Ngati njuchi singathe kugwira bwino ntchito zawo, imasinthira ina.

Njuchi iliyonse yogwira ntchito ndi drone imasiyanitsa chiberekero chake ndi fungo linalake, chifukwa chake mukabzala mfumukazi yatsopano mng'oma, banja limamuwona ngati mdani wowopsa, wotsatiridwa ndi chiwonongeko. Pazifukwa izi, mfumukazi ziwiri sizingakhale banja limodzi nthawi imodzi.

Zosiyanitsa

Chiberekero, chomwe chimayenderana kamodzi ndi champhongo, chimawerengedwa kuti ndi cha fetal. Zojambula zake, mosiyana ndi akazi ena ndi ma drones:

• Kulemera kumayambira 180 mpaka 330 mg (infertile kulemera kwa 170-220 mg),
• kutalika kwa thupi - kuyambira 2 mpaka 2,5 cm,
• Maso ndi ochepa kuposa ena onse,
• Mawonekedwe amimba ndi mawonekedwe ake
• thupi lokwera
• mfumukazi imadziwika ndi kuzengereza,
• amakhala makamaka mng'oma (amachoka munyumba yokha nthawi yakukhwima, kusokosera),
• chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka 4-5,
• ali ndi fungo lapadera lomwe limachokera ku ma pheromones omwe amapangidwa ndi iye,
• ndiye njuchi yokhayo amene samwalira atamasula mbola.

Pakatha zaka zingapo, chiberekero chachepetsa mphamvu yobereka, imatchingira mazira ochepa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri ma drones amabadwa. Chifukwa chake, alimi nthawi imeneyi asinthanitsani ndi atsopano.

Njira zochotsera

Chiberekero chimapukusidwa mu njira ziwiri - zachilengedwe komanso zosafunikira. Poyamba, tizilombo timeneti timanganso nambala ya mfumukazi, pomwe chiberekero chimayika dzira. Kuti chiberekero chibadwire, mphutsi zimadyetsedwa ndi zakudya zamafuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi mahomoni apadera pakapangidwe kake.

Kupukula kwapadera kumaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

1. Mkazi wa njuchi, limodzi ndi ana ake otseguka, amachotsedwa mng'oma (mphutsi ndi mazira omwe amangoyala posachedwa amakhalabe mkati).
2. Pansi pa chisa cha uchi.
3. Dulani zakumwa za amayi ndikuziyika mng'oma.
4. Mubwezere chiberekero pamalo ake.

Palinso teknoloji ina yozunza mfumukazi, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri, chifukwa imawoneka kuti yovuta. Koma alimi aluso amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, chifukwa zimapangitsa kupeza mfumukazi zambiri komanso zapamwamba kwambiri. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndi kuyikidwa kwa mphutsi mu ma sacs ndikuthira kwawo chakudya ndi mafuta odzola.

Kuti mumange mbuye wolimba mng'oma, tsatirani malamulo awa:

• gwiritsani ntchito mabanja olimba
• yogawa mfumukazi maselo a mfumukazi kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino,
• khalani ndi kutentha kwapabwino (madigiri 32-33),
• Ganizirani chinyezi (60-80%),
• gwiritsitsani kalendala yochotsa chiberekero,
• kuwongolera njira umuna ndi mawonekedwe a layering.

Pairing

Pofuna kukhwima, mfumukazi imagwiranso matendawa, kenako umuna umachitika nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimachitika pakadutsa masiku 10 atasiya zakumwa za mayi. Izi zimachitika motere:

1. M'masiku atatu oyamba (kutengera zaka komanso mphamvu ya chiberekero), mfumukazi imapuma. Mlimi akuyenera kuwononga zakumwa zomwe zidatsala nthawi imeneyi.
2. Kenako, chiberekero chimathawira, kukumbukira komwe kuli mng'oma, ndikuwongoleredwa ndi mtunda.
3. Patsiku la 7, kunyamuka kumatenga. Drones yemwe adamva ma pherom a njuchi yokonzekera masewera akukhwima, akuyamba kupita naye. Komabe, okhawo olimba kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri omwe angathe kugwira ntchito. Pambuyo pa mating, amabwerera.
4. Pakatha masiku atatu (patsiku la 10 atasiya zakumwa za mayi), chiberekero chimapanga kufesa koyamba.

Ndi zoletsedwa mwamantha kuwopseza mkazi masiku ano, popeza nthawi zambiri amawuluka mtunda wautali. Pamalo osadziwika, chiberekero sichimayenda, motero sichidzabweranso (kufa).

Ngati zidachitika kuti nthawi yakukhwima muyenera kusokoneza mng'oma, tsatirani malangizowo:

• Mukamayang'ana, pitilizani ndi kusamala; musagwiritse ntchito mafinya kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimakwiyitsa njuchi.
• Yenderani mng'omayo ndikololedwa mpaka 11 koloko masana.
• Ndikofunikira kusankha uchi mutatha kuchepa kwa ntchito yothandizirana ndi tizilombo, ndiko kuti, pambuyo pa 5 pm.

M'malo mwa uterus

Njuchi nthawi zonse zimamverera mfumukazi yawo itamwalira. Munthu amatha kuzindikira izi, chifukwa tizilombo timayamba kuuluka mwachangu posaka mayi ndikupanga phokoso kwambiri. Pafupifupi maola awiri zitatha izi, akumva kale ngati ana amasiye.

Ngati mlimi wabzala njuchi, ndiye kuti izi zikuyenera kuchitika patatha maola 10-12 chiberekero chitha. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, banja la njuchi lingalowe m'malo mwa chiberekero palokha. Tizilombo timamva mfumukazi ikakalamba (fungo lake likusintha) kapena liwonongeka.

Kudzilowetsa kuchitika munjira zopanda phokoso:

1. Kupatukana kumachitika ndi chachikazi chomwe chilipo. Banja liyenera kugawidwa m'magawo awiri ofanana ndikusankha mafelemu 6 ndi sushi. Nthawi ndi pambuyo kufesa kwa tsiku limodzi. Mchigawo chomwe chiberekero sichikupezeka, njuchi zimadzigoneka mfumukazi kuchokera ku mphutsi. Chiberekero chatsopano chikakhala cholimba (pafupifupi masiku 4-7 atabadwa), ndipo banjayo chizolowera, magawo awiriwo amalumikizananso. Munthu wamphamvu komanso wachinyamata amawononga wakale.
2. Zowonongeka mfumukazi. Mlimi ayenera kutenga chiberekero ndikuchiwononga. Zomera zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimaziwononga pakapita kanthawi, ndikuchotsa chiberekero chatsopano.

Kupanga kwa mfumukazi:

1. Kusintha. Chipewa kapena bokosi limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chotsani khola mumng'oma, ikani njuchi pamenepo kuti isawuluke ndikusiya fungo lake. Pakatha maola angapo, chiberekero chachikulire chimachotsedwa ndipo chaching'ono chimabzalidwe. Kenako, khungu limayikidwa mu mafelemu apamwamba pakati pa chisa. Dikirani maola 2. Zomera zomwe zikugwira ntchito ziyenera kuzidyetsa. Ndi zisoti zichita chimodzimodzi. Koma njuchi kwa mfumukazi yatsopano zipita kukapukusa uchi. Pali chiopsezo chokana mwana. Kenako muyenera kubwereza njirayi ndi chiberekero chatsopano china.
2. Kuzimitsa. Banja liyenera kugwedezeka modzidzimutsa pamkono kapena mumng'oma, komwe tizilombo timasokoneza ndikuyiwalanso mfumukazi. Pakadali pano, dzalani "mayi" watsopano. Komabe, njirayi siyimalipira nthawi zonse, chifukwa njuchi zimangoyamba kukwiya.
3. Kuzika. Njira yothandiza. Guluu, phukusi ndi chiberekero chaching'ono chimapakidwa ndi madzi otsekemera, yankho ndi madontho a timbewu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthambizo yikhazikitse munthu watsopano njuchi kuti azizolowere kununkhira kwake ndikuvomereza.
4. Kutembenukira kwa mayi. Madzulo, muyenera kutenga leu yopanda kanthu, ndikuwaza ndi madontho a timbewu. M'mawa, muyenera kupanga zigawo kuchokera kwa achichepere, kuyiyika pafupi ndi gulu lamphamvu. Madzulo tsiku lomwelo, chiberekero chaching'ono chimayikidwa, chomwe chimapanga ntchentche. Pakakhala chonde, mabanja onse amakumananso. Mayi wokalamba amawonongeka ndi njuchi.
5. Kumwaza. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiberekero chakale chitafa. Madzulo, mayi wachinyamata amabzalidwa, koma m'mbuyomu amaphimbidwa ndi kapu. M'mawa amachotsedwa, ndipo kachilomboka amakakidwa ndi ufa wamba. Njira iyi ikufunsidwa pa intaneti, koma alimi sanayesedwebe.

Drones

Drones ndi amphongo omwe amadya posinthana ndi njuchi zogwira ntchito. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, omaliza amasiya kudyetsa ana a drones, osalola abambo akuluakulu kudya zakudya zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amayamba kuwathamangitsa muming'oma.

Izi zikuwonetsa kutha kwa nthawi yayikulu yosonkhanitsa uchi. Chifukwa chake, anthu otere nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi moyo nthawi yozizira isanachitike. Koma izi zimatheka pokhapokha ngati chiberekero sichikhala. Kwa alimi ambiri a njuchi, ma drones ndi katundu, popeza iwo, kupatula kukhwima, samachita kalikonse, koma amadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikupatsira banja lonse ndi varroatosis.

Ntchito

Ntchito yayikulu ya chiberekero ndi kubereka, kuyikira mazira. Ndiye amene amagwirizanitsa mtundu wonse, ndikuwunikira chinthu chapadera chomwe chimafalikira kwa onse m'banjamo. Mkazi wolakwika wamng'oma amakhudza mwachindunji kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa njuchi, momwe zimakhalira ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Njira zochotsera

Chiberekero chimapukusidwa mu njira ziwiri - zachilengedwe komanso zosafunikira. Poyamba, tizilombo timeneti timanganso nambala ya mfumukazi, pomwe chiberekero chimayika dzira. Kuti chiberekero chibadwire, mphutsi zimadyetsedwa ndi zakudya zamafuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi mahomoni apadera pakapangidwe kake.

Kupukula kwapadera kumaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

1. Mkazi wa njuchi, limodzi ndi ana ake otseguka, amachotsedwa mng'oma (mphutsi ndi mazira omwe amangoyala posachedwa amakhalabe mkati).
2. Pansi pa chisa cha uchi.
3. Dulani zakumwa za amayi ndikuziyika mng'oma.
4. Mubwezere chiberekero pamalo ake.

Palinso teknoloji ina yozunza mfumukazi, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri, chifukwa imawoneka kuti yovuta. Koma alimi aluso amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, chifukwa zimapangitsa kupeza mfumukazi zambiri komanso zapamwamba. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndi kuyikidwa kwa mphutsi mu ma sacs ndikuthira kwawo chakudya ndi mafuta odzola.

Kuti mumange mbuye wolimba mng'oma, tsatirani malamulo awa:

• gwiritsani ntchito mabanja olimba
• yogawa mfumukazi maselo a mfumukazi kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino,
• khalani ndi kutentha kwapabwino (madigiri 32-33),
• Ganizirani chinyezi (60-80%),
• gwiritsitsani kalendala yochotsa chiberekero,
• kuwongolera njira umuna ndi mawonekedwe a layering.

Pairing

Pofuna kukhwima, mfumukazi imagwiranso matendawa, kenako umuna umachitika nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimachitika pakadutsa masiku 10 atasiya zakumwa za mayi. Izi zimachitika motere:

1. M'masiku atatu oyamba (kutengera zaka komanso mphamvu ya chiberekero), mfumukazi imapuma. Mlimi akuyenera kuwononga zakumwa zomwe zidatsala nthawi imeneyi.
2. Kenako, chiberekero chimathawira, kukumbukira komwe kuli mng'oma, ndikuwongoleredwa ndi mtunda.
3. Patsiku la 7, kunyamuka kumatenga. Drones, yemwe ankamva kuti njuchi zimakonzekerera masewera, amatumizidwa mwachangu. Komabe, okhawo olimba kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri omwe angathe kugwira ntchito. Pambuyo pa mating, amabwerera.
4. Pakatha masiku atatu (patsiku la 10 atasiya zakumwa za mayi), chiberekero chimapanga kufesa koyamba.

Ndi zoletsedwa mwamantha kuwopseza mkazi masiku ano, popeza nthawi zambiri amawuluka mtunda wautali. Pamalo osadziwika, chiberekero sichimayenda, motero sichidzabweranso (kufa).

Ngati zidachitika kuti nthawi yakukhwima muyenera kusokoneza mng'oma, tsatirani malangizowo:

• Mukayang'ana, pitani mosamala; musagwiritse ntchito fungo kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimakwiyitsa njuchi.
• Yenderani mng'omayo ndikololedwa mpaka 11 koloko masana.
• Ndikofunikira kusankha uchi mutatha kuchepa kwa ntchito yothandizirana ndi tizilombo, ndiko kuti, pambuyo pa 5 pm.

M'malo mwa uterus

Njuchi nthawi zonse zimamverera mfumukazi yawo itamwalira. Munthu amatha kuzindikira izi, chifukwa tizilombo timayamba kuuluka mwachangu posaka mayi ndikupanga phokoso kwambiri. Pafupifupi maola awiri zitatha izi, akumva kale ngati ana amasiye.

Ngati mlimi wabzala njuchi, ndiye kuti izi zikuyenera kuchitika patatha maola 10-12 chiberekero chitha. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, banja la njuchi lingalowe m'malo mwa chiberekero palokha. Tizilombo timamva mfumukazi ikakalamba (fungo lake likusintha) kapena liwonongeka.

Kudzilowetsa kuchitika munjira zopanda phokoso:

1. Kupatukana kumachitika ndi chachikazi chomwe chilipo. Banja liyenera kugawidwa m'magawo awiri ofanana ndikusankha mafelemu 6 ndi sushi. Nthawi ndi pambuyo kufesa kwa tsiku limodzi. Mchigawo chomwe chiberekero sichikupezeka, njuchi zimadzigoneka mfumukazi kuchokera ku mphutsi. Chiberekero chatsopano chikakhala cholimba (pafupifupi masiku 4-7 atabadwa), ndipo banjayo chizolowera, magawo awiriwo amalumikizananso. Munthu wamphamvu komanso wachinyamata amawononga wakale.
2. Zowonongeka mfumukazi. Mlimi ayenera kutenga chiberekero ndikuchiwononga. Zomera zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimaziwononga pakapita kanthawi, ndikuchotsa chiberekero chatsopano.

Kupanga kwa mfumukazi:

1. Kusintha. Chipewa kapena bokosi limagwiritsidwa ntchito.Chotsani khola mumng'oma, ikani njuchi pamenepo kuti isawuluke ndikusiya fungo lake. Pakatha maola angapo, chiberekero chachikulire chimachotsedwa ndipo chaching'ono chimabzalidwe. Kenako, khungu limayikidwa mu mafelemu apamwamba pakati pa chisa. Dikirani maola 2. Zomera zomwe zikugwira ntchito ziyenera kuzidyetsa. Ndi zisoti zichita chimodzimodzi. Koma njuchi kwa mfumukazi yatsopano zipita kukapukusa uchi. Pali chiopsezo chokana mwana. Kenako muyenera kubwereza njirayi ndi chiberekero chatsopano china.
2. Kuzimitsa. Banja liyenera kugwedezeka modzidzimutsa pamkono kapena mumng'oma, komwe tizilombo timasokoneza ndikuyiwalanso mfumukazi. Pakadali pano, dzalani "mayi" watsopano. Komabe, njirayi siyimalipira nthawi zonse, chifukwa njuchi zimangoyamba kukwiya.
3. Kuzika. Njira yothandiza. Guluu, phukusi ndi chiberekero chaching'ono chimapakidwa ndi madzi otsekemera, yankho ndi madontho a timbewu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthambizo yikhazikitse munthu watsopano njuchi kuti azizolowere kununkhira kwake ndikuvomereza.
4. Kutembenukira kwa mayi. Madzulo, muyenera kutenga leu yopanda kanthu, ndikuwaza ndi madontho a timbewu. M'mawa, muyenera kupanga zigawo kuchokera kwa achichepere, kuyiyika pafupi ndi gulu lamphamvu. Madzulo tsiku lomwelo, chiberekero chaching'ono chimayikidwa, chomwe chimapanga ntchentche. Pakakhala chonde, mabanja onse amakumananso. Mayi wokalamba amawonongeka ndi njuchi.
5. Kumwaza. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiberekero chakale chitafa. Madzulo, mayi wachinyamata amabzalidwa, koma m'mbuyomu amaphimbidwa ndi kapu. M'mawa amachotsedwa, ndipo kachilomboka amakakidwa ndi ufa wamba. Njira iyi ikufunsidwa pa intaneti, koma alimi sanayesedwebe.

Drones

Drones ndi amphongo omwe amadya posinthana ndi njuchi zogwira ntchito. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, omaliza amasiya kudyetsa ana a drones, osalola abambo akuluakulu kudya zakudya zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amayamba kuwathamangitsa muming'oma.

Izi zikuwonetsa kutha kwa nthawi yayikulu yosonkhanitsa uchi. Chifukwa chake, anthu otere nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi moyo nthawi yozizira isanachitike. Koma izi zimatheka pokhapokha ngati chiberekero sichikhala. Kwa alimi ambiri a njuchi, ma drones ndi katundu, popeza iwo, kupatula kukhwima, samachita kalikonse, koma amadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikupatsira banja lonse ndi varroatosis.

Zosiyanitsa

Amuna amapezeka nthawi yoyamba kusonkhanitsa uchi, kutanthauza kumapeto kwa masika. Pafupifupi patsiku la 10 atamasulidwa, drone imatha kukwatirana. Chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimafikira 200 kuchokera ku zikwi zingapo. Makhalidwe:

• kulemera - 220-250 mg,
• kutalika kwa thupi - kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 1.7 cm,
• thupi lonse
• mchira wozungulira
• pakuuluka, kuthamanga kumakwera,
• pakupumula amakhala ndi chizengereza,
• yenda msanga m'malo,
• pakuuluka, zimalira kwambiri.
• palibe mbola
• kuuluka mumng'oma kwa 15 km,
• Imfa imachitika mutatulutsa,
• nthawi yachitukuko ndi masiku 24.

Ntchito

Ntchito yokhayo ya ma drones ndikuphatikiza ndi mfumukazi ya mng'oma. Drones amakhala akumenyera ufulu wokhala wokwatiwa ndi chiberekero. Olimba amapambana, koma amafa pomwepo. Amuna omwe sanakwatirepo amafa ndi njala atachotsedwa banja.

Mlimi amatha kuwona momwe matingawa akukhalira, ndikuwuza anthu ofooka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuwakana, motero chiberekero chimakhala ndi amuna okhwima komanso olimba.

Mayendedwe amoyo

Amuna amakhala moyo wocheperako - mpaka miyezi itatu. Nthawi yowonekera kwawo masika chifukwa cha nyengo komanso nyengo, nyengo ya mfumukazi, ziphuphu, komanso mphamvu ya phokoso. Ma drones akachotsedwa, maselo awo amawayika mozungulira mzere wa uchi, koma ngati sikokwanira, njuchi imayika mphuthuzo mwachindunji ku uchi.

Atatuluka m'maselo kwa zaka khumi, tizilombo tina togwiritsa ntchito tokha timadyetsa amuna. Izi ndizofunikira pakapangidwe kotsirizira. Patatha sabata limodzi amasulidwe, amphongo amayambanso kupanga ndege, kuzidziwa bwino malo ndi malo.

Kuwongolera kuwongolera

Kuchuluka kwa amuna a njuchi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa uchi, mtundu, koma banja lililonse limakana anthu ofooka. Komabe, zimachitika kuti ma drones amalimidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri unyinji ndi kuchuluka kwa uchi womwe watola, motero alimi akuyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwawo. Nthawi zambiri, amuna ndi okwanira 200-500 magawo.

Popanda amuna, banja silingakhalepo osati chifukwa chofunikira pakukula. Ndizotheka kuti wina akhoza kuweruza mtundu wa chiberekero ndi chinsomba chonse. Chifukwa chake, ngati atathamangitsidwa mu kugwa, ma drones amakhalabe mumng'oma, izi zikuwonetsa kuti chiberekero chakhala chosabereka kapena chamwalira. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsika, amuna, kuwuluka mumng'oma, kuunjika milu, ndikupanga zabwino mu "chipinda".

Amuna atakwanitsa kugwira ntchito yozizira mng'oma, m'madzimo adzafa, chifukwa satha kulolera kutentha pang'ono, komwe kumakhala kofooka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njuchi

Ogwira ntchito amakhala ndi pafupifupi moyo wokhala pakati pa chiberekero ndi drone - kuyambira masiku 30 mpaka miyezi ingapo. Ngati njuchi idaswedwa mu Marichi, moyo ndi masiku 35, ngati mu June - pazipita 30, ngati mukugwa - miyezi 3-8. Komanso zimachitika kuti tizirombo timakhalako kwa chaka chimodzi (pomwe mulibe ana chisa). Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi chakudya chowonjezeka cha mkate wa njuchi, chifukwa chomwe zinthu zosungidwa zimadzunjikira m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, simukuyenera kuwononga mphamvu pantchito nthawi yozizira.

Mu yophukira, pambuyo pakupeza uchi, akazi ogwira ntchito amawonjezera thupi ndi 15-19%. Anthuwa ali ndi njira yopitilira kubereka, koma, ngakhale izi sizingachitike, chiberekero chimatha kuyikira mazira kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 20-30. Komabe, onse ndi osabereka. Kuwerengera sikuchitika pansi pa maselo, koma pamakoma, omwe amasiyanitsa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi chiberekero.

Njuchi zokhala ndi mitundu iwiri: maatomical (mazira amayamba kuphukira m'mimba mwake) ndi zokhudza thupi (mazira awa amayikidwa). Woyamba akhoza kukhala 90%, wachiwiri - 25% kwa banja lonse.

Njuchi zouluka ndi mng'oma

Ogwira njuchi agawika m'magulu awiri:

1. Ming'oma - anthu omwe ali mng'oma atatuluka m'maselo. Poyamba, amalimba, pambuyo pake amayamba kudyetsa mphutsi, ndiye kuti amathandizira kukonza mng'oma ndi kumanga. Nthawi yakunyamuka ikafika, amapangira ndege zoyambirira, natembenuzira mutu kupita kunyumba kwawo. Mukazindikira gawo, ming'oma ya njuchi imawululuka. M'malo mwawo mumabweranso anthu obadwanso.
2. Ndege - sonkhanitsani mungu ndi timadzi tokoma, thirirani madzi ndi zomatira zotsalira mng'oma. Ndi iwo omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yopanga uchi kwambiri.

Kodi banja la njuchi limagwira bwanji? (kanema)

Mu kanema uyu mutha kuwona bwino banja la njuchi ndikuwona zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi njuchi:

Ngati mukuganiza zoyamba kusamalira njuchi, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza zidziwitso za membala aliyense wa njuchi, funsani ndi alimi odziwa njuchi ndikutsata malamulo onse kuti asunge.

Kuzikika mu banja la njuchi

Banja la njuchi lili ndi utsogoleri wowonekera bwino wogawa maudindo onse omwe mamembala ake amachita. Chinthu chachikulu mumng'oma ndi chiberekero, chimasiyana pak kukula kwa thupi, chomwe chimafika 20-25 mm kutalika mpaka 300 mg kulemera. Chiberekero chimayikira mazira, mpaka ma eyiti 3,000 amayikidwa patsiku, ndipo mazira 150250,000 pachaka. Kutalika kwa moyo wa chiberekero kuli pafupifupi zaka 8, komabe, ntchito zake zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa zaka zitatu zokha. Chiberekero chimatchedwa chinthu chachikulu chokopa mng'oma. Chiberekero chimakhala ndi zake zomwe amateteza - oteteza omwe amateteza mutu wabanja, kumusamalira mwanjira yoyeretsa mng'oma ndi kuyeretsa kuchokera pachimpando. Mutu wa mng'oma umatha kupanga chinthu chapadera chotchedwa uterine. Izi zimatengedwa ngati ferromone, zomwe ogwira nazo ntchito zimaneneka kuchokera mchiberekero cha chiberekero ndikuyinyamula mng'oma kuti zitsimikizire thanzi la chiberekero komanso moyo wabanja lonse.

Mutu wa banja la njuchi nthawi zambiri samasunga maliseche pamlingo wokhazikika, choncho nthawi zambiri pamakhala banja la njuchi limachotsa mchiberekero ndikumakulanso.

Kuti mukhale anthu ogwira ntchito mokwanira, mphutsi zimadutsa m'njira zingapo:

• Masiku atatu atagona, mazira oyera amasanduka mphutsi,
• Pakadutsa masiku atatu - 7, mphutsi zimadyetsedwa mkaka, ndiye kuti zakudya zake zimagawika: gawo (3/4) la mphutsi limasinthidwa kukhala mkate wa njuchi ndi uchi, ndipo gawo (1/4) limapitilizidwa kudyetsedwa mkaka.
• ndiye khungu lomwe lili ndi mphutsi limasindikizidwa ndi sera, kusungitsa malo ena osungirako zakudya - kuti anthu ena apite patsogolo. Pambuyo masiku 10-15, njuchi zogwira ntchito (zosabala kapena anthu wamba) zodyetsedwa ndi mkate wa njuchi ndi uchi, chiberekero (anthu achonde) odyetsedwa mkaka ndi ma drones amatuluka m'maselo.

Chiberekero, chomwe chidadyetsedwa mkaka wachifumu, sichimalekerera olimbana nawo mng'oma, kotero mkazi woyamba yemwe adachoka m'chipindacho amayesetsa kupeza maselo ena onse amfumu ndikumenya aliyense kuti athetse. Ngati chiberekero chachiwiri chawonekera nthawi yomweyo mng'oma, chimamenya nkhondo mpaka m'modzi wa iwo amwalira. Chiberekero chopambana chimakhala chachikulu mng'oma ndipo chimagwira ntchito yake yomweyo.

Pansi pa mng'oma wapangidwa ndi anthu pawokha - amawoneka kuchokera mazira omwe chiberekero chimayika ndipo patatha masiku 20 ali okonzeka kugwira ntchito molimbika posamalira mng'oma. Kukula kwa wogwira ntchito ndikochepa, kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 12 mpaka 14 mm, kulemera kwake kumayambira 90 mpaka 115 mg.

Ma drones ndi njuchi zachimuna zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 17 mm kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 200 ndi 250 mg. Drones amatuluka mazira osabereka, amagwira ntchito yophatikiza chiberekero. Wamphongo alibe mbola, sagwira ntchito, mosiyana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, ndipo amadya uchi wambiri. Drone mmodzi amadya uchi wowonjezera nthawi 20 kuposa momwe amadzilemera, chifukwa chake, anthu ogwira ntchito amadyetsa amuna okha nthawi yakukhwima. Pofika nthawi yophukira, njuchi zimasiya kunyamula uchi ndi ma drones ndipo zina, zikayamba kufooka, zimafa.

M'malo a njuchi, nthawi zina pamakhala makoswe otayirira omwe amatha kusiya kugwira ntchito zawo mwachangu ndikugwirira ntchito mkaka wa mayi. Zodabwitsazi zimachitika chifukwa chosakhalapo nthawi yayitali m'chiberekero kapena mphutsi zosakwanira. Mu thumba losunga mazira, titatha kudya mkaka wa amayi, thumba losunga mazira limapanga, lomwe limatsogolera ku kuyikira mazira osabereka komanso mawonekedwe a drones. Kugwiritsa ntchito njuchi nthawi zambiri sikungadyetse banja ndi ma drones ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti banja lifere.

Kodi njuchi imagwira ntchito bwanji ndi malo ake mng'oma?

Kugwira njuchi mu banja limodzi zonse zimachokera ku chiberekero chimodzi. Gawo la banja la njuchi likugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, osati lachiwopsezo chachiwiri kuzinthu zofunika.

Mndandanda waukulu wa ntchito yomwe munthu wogwira ntchito akuperekedwa:

• kutenga mungu ndi kupita nawo ku mng'oma,
• kuchuluka kwa mungu ndi kukonza uchi, phula ndi mkate wa njuchi,
• kudyetsa mphutsi, chiberekero, chisamaliro cha ana,
• kupangira sera pomanga zisa,
• kudzaza uchi ndi uchi, kusindikiza mafelemu,
• kukonza mng'oma ku chimbudzi, zinyalala, fumbi,
• kusunga kutentha kofunikira,
• Kuteteza mng'oma ku tizilombo tina,
• kuperekera madzi mng'oma pazosowa za njuchi,
• Kutentha makoma a nyumba, kumeza mabowo ndi ming'alu ndi phula,
• Kupereka chakudya kuchokera kuminda kupita kwa okhala mumng'oma,
• malamulo a kuchuluka kwa dzira lomwe lakhazikitsidwa ndi chiberekero.

Kutengera msuzi wa njuchi yogwira ntchito, imagwira ntchito mng'oma, koma ngati kuli kofunikira, njuchi zazing'ono zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, podyetsa ana, zimatengedwa kuti zimapatsa timadzi tokoma mumng'oma.

Misonkhano yonse, njuchi zogwira ntchito zimagawidwa ming'oma ndi munda. Ming'oma ndi achinyamata omwe sanafikire zaka 3 milungu, ndiye omwe amagwira ntchito yonse yomwe ikufunika kuchitidwa kusamalira mng'oma ndi kudyetsa ana. Akuluakulu amapatsidwa ntchito yotumiza timadzi tokoma ndi madzi kupita kunyumba zawo.

Kodi "banja la njuchi" ndi chiani?

Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, banja la njuchi liyenera kukhala ndi chiberekero chachonde chimodzi, kuyambira 20 mpaka 80,000 anthu ogwira ntchito, ma drones okwanira 1-2,000 ndi ana ochokera mafelemu 8 mpaka 9. Ndondomeko yonse iyenera kukhala 12. Kugula njuchi njuchi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yosavuta yopezera banja la njuchi. Malinga ndi GOST 20728-75, kapangidwe kake kakuyenera kuphatikiza:

• njuchi - 1,2 kg
• mafelemu a ana (300 mm) - ma PC awiri.,
• mfumukazi njuchi - 1 pc.,
• chakudya - 3 kg
• kulongedza katundu.

Momwe maudindo amagawidwira pakati pa banja la njuchi

M'madera a njuchi, olamulira mwamphamvu amalemekezedwa. Kupita kwa ntchito, mosalekeza kuyenda mkati ndi kunja kwa mng'oma, kumagawidwa mosamalitsa ndi zaka. Pa njuchi zazing'ono, zomwe sizikupita masiku 10, mabanja onse amagwira ntchito mng'oma amagwa:

• akonza maselo aulere m'ma zisa kuti adzaikire dzira (loyera, lodetsedwa),
• Sungani kutentha kwa ana ofunikira, pomwe akukhala pansi pazithunzi kapena kuyenda nawo pang'onopang'ono.

Ana amasamalidwa ndi namwino wanjuchi. Anthu amaloledwa kuchita izi pambuyo poti apanga tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri. Zolozerazo zimapezeka pamutu. Perga ndi zida zopangira mafuta odzola achifumu. Namwino wake amamwa zochuluka.

Drones mnzake ndi chiberekero kunja kwa mng'oma. Izi zimachitika nthawi yothawa. Kuyambira pomwe achoka mu cell mpaka kutha kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Masana masana, ma drones okhwima amawuluka katatu. Nthawi yoyamba ili pakati pa tsiku. Kutalika kwa ndege ndi kochepa, pafupifupi mphindi 30.

Ming'oma ya njuchi ndi antchito akuuluka

Utsogoleri wolimba umawonedwa mu banja lililonse la njuchi. Amamangidwa pamaziko a thupi la njuchi zogwirira ntchito, zotsimikizika ndi zaka zawo. Malinga ndi utsogoleriwu, onse ogwira ntchito amagawika m'magulu awiri:

Ambiri mwa omwe sanali kuwuluka ali ndi masiku 14- 20; okalamba ali m'gulu la njuchi zouluka. Kwa masiku 3-5, njuchi zogwira ntchito ming'oma zimachoka, pomwe matumbo amayeretsedwa ndi defecation.

Udindo wa njuchi yogwira ntchito

Pofika masiku atatu, njuchi zantchito zimadya, kupumula ndikugwira nawo ntchito yosamalira ana. Pakadali pano, amatenthetsa ana ndi matupi. Kukula, wogwira ntchito amakhala wotsuka.

Chiberekero chimatha kuyikira mazira m'maselo oyera. Kugwiritsa ntchito maselo otuluka ndi ntchito ya oyeretsa. Ntchito zingapo zakukonza maselo zimagwera:

• kuyeretsa
• kupukusa phula
• kunyowa ndi malovu.

Akazi oyeretsa amatengera tizilombo tofa, mkate wa njuchi wowuma, zinyalala zina. Kuyambira masiku 12 mpaka 18, munthu wogwira ntchito mwa njuchi amakhala namwino komanso womanga. Anamwino ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi ana. Amapereka chakudya kwa achibale. Moyo wa mphutsi, chiberekero, ndi ma drones omwe asachedwa kuchokera ku maselo osindikizidwa a njuchi zazing'ono zimatengera namwino.

Ntchito za njuchi mng'oma zikuphatikiza:

• kupanga uchi kuchokera ku timadzi tokoma,
• kuchotsa chinyezi chambiri ku timadzi tokoma,
• zodzaza uchi
• kusindikiza maselo ndi sera.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, njuchi zogwira ntchito zimatolera timadzi tokoma ndi mungu kuchokera ku njuchi. Munthuyo amakhala wosankha, atafika masiku 15-20.

Kodi ana a njuchi amapangidwa bwanji?

Pakulimi wa njuchi, ana amamveka kuti amaphatikiza mazira, mphutsi, ndi pupae. Pakapita kanthawi, njuchi zimaswa. Chipangizocho (kubereka) cha mizere ya njuchi chimachitika mchaka cha chilimwe. Kuchokera mazira omwe chiberekero chayala mu khungu la zisa, mphutsi zamkati tsiku lachitatu.

Amadya kwambiri kwa masiku 6. M'nthawi yochepa, kuchuluka kwa iliyonse kumawonjezeka ndi 500. Mphutsi zikafika kukula kofunikira, zimasiya kuzidyetsa.Kulowetsedwa kwa ma cell a bee antchito osindikizidwa ndi sera.

Asanakhale kholo lathunthu wazaka zonse, masiku ena amapita. Chidole chosindikizidwa chimadzipukutira ndekha. Gawo la Pupa limatha:

• drones - masiku 14,
• Zimatenga masiku 12 kupanga njuchi zogwira ntchito,
• kusanachitike mawonekedwe a chiberekero, masiku 9 akudutsa.

Mu maselo otseguka a zisa ndi mazira

Mphutsi zimakhala m'maselo otseguka

M'maselo otseguka mumakhala mazira ndi mphutsi

Maselo amasindikizidwa ndi sera, zidole zili momwemo

Chiwerengero cha njuchi mumng'oma kutengera nyengo

Kulimba kwa njuchi kumatsimikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa mafelemu okhala ndi njuchi. Pa chimango chomwe chili ndi kukula kwa 300 x 435 mm, tizilombo 250 tidayikidwa. Magulu a magulu a njuchi paziphuphu:

• olimba - 6 kg ndi zina zambiri,
• pafupifupi - 4-5 kg,
• wofooka - Njuchi ndiyani

Kutalika kwa moyo wa njuchi za njuchi zimatengera nthawi yobadwa (kasupe, chilimwe, nthawi yophukira), kukula kwa ana, kukula kwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, matenda, nyengo, ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi mtundu wa njuchi.

Mitengo yopanga zipatso kwambiri, yolimba komanso yolimbana ndi matenda ndi njuchi za mtundu waku Central Russia. Anthu amtunduwu amatha kupirira nyengo yozizira (miyezi 7-8). Osagwirizana ndi kutentha kochepa Ukraine steppe zosiyanasiyana.

Mosavuta kuzolowera zovuta za njuchi za Krainsky mtundu. Munthawi yovuta ku Russia, a Carpathian amaberekera nyengo yachisanu bwino. Kummwera kwa dzikolo, mitundu ya Buckfast ndi Caucasus ndiyotchuka.

Malo abwino ayenera kupangidwira njuchi za mtundu uliwonse:

• mulingo woyenera kwambiri
• nyengo yachisanu yozizira
• siyani chakudya chokwanira m'ming'oma,
• tengani njuchi malo abwino ndi mbewu zambiri za uchi.

Kodi njuchi yogwira ntchito ndiingati?

Kutalika kwa njuchi zogwira ntchito kumatsimikizira nthawi ya maonekedwe awo. Tizilombo timabadwa mu njuchi kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yotentha sikukhala nthawi yayitali. Kuchokera kutuluka kwawo kuchokera ku khungu kupita kufa kumadutsa kuchokera ku mphamvu 4-5 milungu. Kusanya njuchi kumakhala mpaka masiku 40 mu banja lolimba la njuchi, komanso yofooka - masiku 25 okha. Pali zoopsa zambiri m'moyo wawo. Nyengo yotentha imakulitsa nthawi yanu yamoyo.

Anthu omwe adawonekera kubanja la njuchi pafupi kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena kugwa, amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Amadziwika kuti ndi njuchi yozizira, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wawo imawerengeredwa m'miyezi. Mukugwa kwawo amadya m'matangadza, mungu.

Palibe ana osungidwa mu njuchi nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, njuchi zogwira ntchito zimadya nthawi zambiri, zimangokhala chete, ndikuganizira moyo. Pofika masika, nthawi ya mazira ikawonekera, amasunga thupi lamafuta, amagwira ntchito yolera-njuchi mu banja la njuchi. Sakhala ndi moyo mpaka nthawi yotentha, akumwalira pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi njuchi yamfumu imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Popanda chiberekero, moyo wathunthu mu banja la njuchi ndiosatheka. Nthawi yake yotalikilapo ndi yayitali kuposa ya drones ndi njuchi zantchito. Mwakuthupi, imatha kukhathamira komanso kusungika kwa zaka 4-5. Zoyala zazitali zimapezekapezeka m'mgulu la njuchi zolimba. Chiberekero chimasunga zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali ngati chimasungidwa bwino komanso kudyetsedwa bwino.

Nthawi zambiri, chiberekero chimakhala mu banja la njuchi kwa zaka 2-3. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, thupi la mayi limatha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Zachuma zikamatsika, kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amachepetsa, banja la njuchi limachotsa chiberekero ndi chaching'ono. Mfumukazi ya njuchi, yotengedwa kukhuta, yakhala zaka zosakwana zisanu.

Zochuluka motani!

M'madera a njuchi, ma drones amakokana pafupi ndi chilimwe. Popeza afika zaka 2 milungu, ali okonzeka kukwaniritsa ntchito yawo - kuphatikiza chiberekero. Amwayi omwe amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi thupi la mfumukazi amafa atangotulutsa umuna.

Ena mwa iwo amamwalira pomenya nkhondo ndi ma drones ena a muchiberekero. Zidole zankhondo zazimphona zomwe zatsala kwakanthawi zimakhalabe mng'oma mothandizidwa kwathunthu. Amadyetsedwa ndi njuchi. Nthawi yokolola uchi itatsala pang'ono kutha, ma drones amathamangitsidwa mumng'oma. M'mabanja a njuchi komwe chiberekero chafa kapena kusabereka, ma drones ena amatsalira.

Kugwa kwa magulu a njuchi: zoyambitsa

Nthawi yoyamba yomwe matenda atsopano adalembedwa ndi alimi a njuchi mu 2016. Madera a njuchi adayamba kutha kuchokera ming'oma. Amachitcha KPS - kugwa kwa banja la njuchi. Ndi CPS, msonkhano wathunthu wa njuchi umawonedwa. Mng'oma mumakhala ana ndi chakudya. Njuchi zakufa sizikakhalamo. Nthawi zina, chiberekero ndi anthu ena ogwira ntchito amapezeka mng'oma.

Cholinga chakuthengo kwa njuchi

• kutalika kotentha kotentha, kupezeka kwa ziphuphu mu Seputembala,
• unyinji wa mabanja a njuchi nthawi yachisanu,
• Kuchepetsa kukula kwa chisa pokonzekera nyengo yozizira,
• Mafunso oyipa.

Ili ndiye mndandanda wa zifukwa zotheka kusonkhanitsidwa kwa mabanja a njuchi, ngakhale asayansi alibe chidziwitso cholondola. Malinga ndi alimi ambiri a njuchi, chifukwa chachikulu chosonkhanitsira njuchi ndizosautsa komanso kusowa kwa machitidwe othandizira anti-mite. Amakhulupirira kuti tizilombo mu banja la njuchi zimakhudzidwa ndi njira yolumikizirana yatsopano (3G, 4G).

Pomaliza

Banja lamtchire lolimba limadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri, ana olimba, komanso nthawi yayitali ya moyo. Zochepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mphamvu ndi njira kuposa banja lofooka. Chitsimikizo cha banja lolimba la njuchi ndi chiberekero chaching'ono chopatsa zipatso, malo okwanira odyetserako, mng'oma wofunda, wopezeka ndi zisa za uchi.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yayitali ya njuchi yogwira ntchito

Banja limodzi la njuchi limatha kukhala masauzande aanthu, pomwe kuchuluka kwawo sikukhazikika, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yayifupi yamoyo komanso kutuluka kwachinyamata kwatsopano. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza nthawi yayitali njuchi ndikulimba kwa banja - chonde chikamakula kwambiri, ana ake amakhala akhama komanso akhama. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yokhala njuchi yogwira ntchito imadalira nthawi yomwe imatuluka komanso kutuluka. Popeza chiberekero chimaberekera ana kangapo pamsika, omwe adawoneka m'ndimeyo amakhala olimba, sadzasowa mphamvu pakuwotcha timadzi tokoma komanso kusunga chakudya nthawi yachisanu. Njuchi zogwira ntchito zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito nthawi yonse ya chilimwe zimakhala zochepa - pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala thukuta timakhala pafupifupi miyezi 6.

Mtundu wazakudya zomwe zimadyedwa komanso kuchuluka kwake pazakudya zonse zofunika ndikofunika kwambiri kwa njuchi. Njuchi zimakhala zocheperako m'malo omwe amawoneka kuti ndi opanda bwino chifukwa cha maluwa ndi mitengo. Kutalika kwa moyo wa njuchi zomwe zimawonekera kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira zimadaliranso kwambiri mikhalidwe ya nyengo ndi kutentha kwa nyengo m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti anthu ena amangozizira, osadikirira kutentha.

Chifukwa chake, njuchi zogwira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri mumng'oma, zimapatsa banja chakudya, zimatulutsa timadzi tokoma komanso kutulutsa uchi. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi utsogoleri wa banja la njuchi, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa mamembala ake komanso momwe zinthu ziliri m'moyo ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti oyambitsa njuchi azitha kulinganiza bwino ntchito ya njuchi.