The Mojave Rattlesnake ndi chakupha kwambiri. Imapezeka makamaka kumadera achipululu kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States, komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha Mexico, ndipo, malinga ndi asayansi, ili ndi poizoni wakupha kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse ya rattlesnakes. Mojave rattlesnake ndi pafupi 3.3 kutalika (avareji), kutalika kwakutali mikono 4.5. Mtundu wa njokayo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera kubiriwira wobiriwira mpaka bulawuni, womwe umaloleza kuphatikiza mosavuta ndi chilengedwe.

Mankhwala amodzi a rattlenake amapha kwambiri. Kuluma kwamodzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi kuchedwetsa zizindikiro, kumapangitsa anthu kuti aziona mopepuka kuluma kwawo. Komabe, patangopita maola ochepa, mavuto amawonedwe, zovuta zolankhula, kumeza, ndi kufooka kwa minofu kumachitika kawirikawiri. Kuphatikiza apo, poizoni nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zovuta kupuma.

# 9 Philippine cobra

Cokra wa ku Philippines ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri yomwe imapezeka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa zilumba za Philippines. Malingaliro ndiwosakhazikika ndipo ali ndi khola lomwe limatha kudzutsidwa mukawopsezedwa. Kutalika kwakanthawi kobiri kuli pafupifupi 3.3 mapazi. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti ma cobras ena aku Philippines amafika kutalika kwa 5.2 mapazi. Philippine cobra nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otsika ndi nkhalango ku Philippines, ndipo amapezeka pafupipafupi ndi madzi abwino.

Ululu wa cobra wa ku Philippines ndi wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi postynaptic neurotoxin yomwe imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kupuma kwa omwe akuvutika nawo. Amadziwikanso kuti amachititsa kuti ziwalo zamitsempha ziwonongeke. Zizindikiro za kulumidwa kwa cobra zimaphatikizapo kugaya mseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, chizungulire, kutsegula m'mimba, kuvutika kulankhula komanso / kapena kupuma. Mosiyana ndi Mojave rattlesnake, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mofulumira (mkati mwa mphindi makumi atatu). Ngakhale pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuthana ndi poizoni, samapambana nthawi zonse, chifukwa kuluma kwa cobra nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa imfa. Kuti zinthu ziziipiraipiratu, cobra wa ku Philippine amathanso kudulira poyizoni anthu omwe angakhudzidwe nawo, zomwe zimapweteketsa anthu kwambiri (kuphatikizapo khungu lakhungu).

10. Rattlesnake

Mbale zimapezeka ku North, Central ndi South America. Zonsezi ndi zakupha, ndipo kuluma kwa rattlesnake ena kumatha kupha. Iwo ali ndi dzina lawo losangalatsa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa khungubwe - kukula kwa mchira. Ngozi ikafika, mchira umayamba kugwedezeka ndikupanga kung'amba. Nyama zonse zapafupi nthawi yomweyo zimangolingalira zomwe mng'aluwu ukusonyeza.

Ululu wa njoka iyi uli ndi katundu wa hemotoxic: umayambitsa coagulopathy (magazi amasiya kuvala), komanso umayambitsa kufa kwa ziwalo ndi minofu. Kuchokera pazovuta zake, minyewa yamkhosi ya munthu imakhala yolimba ngati mwala. Mankhwala oopsa kwambiri a rattlesnakes amakhala ku North America - diamondi. Kuluma kumodzi kokha kwa zokwawa zokwanira kupha 15,000. Kuchokera ku poizoni wake, osati zotupa zokha zomwe zimatha kuchitika, koma ziwalo zamisempha ya kupuma.

Pali mwayi wochepetsera mwayi wamwaliro mpaka 4%: chithandizo chanthawi yake chachipatala chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa omwe akuzunzidwa. Koma chilonda chochokera pakuluma chimatsala.

Chidwi Amawerengera ana amphaka am'madzi kuti ndi owopsa kuposa anthu okhwima chifukwa samatha kuwongolera poizoni amene watulutsidwa.

9. Tenon waku Australia

Spinetail ili ndi mutu wozungulira wokhala ndi pakati. Iye si wamtali komanso wokongola. Chimafanana ndi chopondera. Koma zinthu za poizoni m'minyewa yake zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Woimira uyu reps samanyoza kudya abale ake. Akuukira njoka kuchokera m'malo obisika. Imfa yakuwukira kwa tenon waku Australia imabwera chifukwa chasiya kupuma ziwalo. Poizoni wake ndi neurotoxic. Zotsatira zakupha zitha kuchitika patatha maola asanu ndi limodzi ngati mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wotsitsimutsayo amathandizanso kuti azizindikira amene akuvutika. Mwayi wokhala ndi moyo popanda kulandira mankhwala ulinso woposa 50%.

Zosangalatsa! Kutaya nthawi yayikulu - masekondi 0,13.

8. Viper

Banja lanjoka limayimira mitundu yopitilira 200. Amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza ku Russia. Kuti munthu apulumuke kuzizira ndi kufa ndi njoka, amanjoka amabisalanso nyengo yachisanu. Zimakhala m'malo obisika, nthawi zina zimasonkhana m'magulu a anthu ambiri.

Zowonadi! Njoka yodziwika ndi njoka yokhayo yomwe imakhala kunja kwa Arctic Circle.

Sandy efa imawoneka kuti ndiwodetsa kwambiri wa njoka. Amakhala ku India ndi China. Zomwe zimachitika ndi katundu woti agwire ntchito mvula ikadzayamba. Amasenda wolakwiridwa, wakuikidwa m'mchenga kapena masamba adagwa.

Vipers imakhala ndi mano owopsa kwambiri kotero kuti, kutseka pakamwa pawo, amakakamizidwa kuti awagwadire ndi nsonga kumbuyo. Mano awa m'munsi amakhala ndi zolumikizana zapadera zomwe zimachita ngati mikoko.

Zosangalatsa! Mano oopsa kwambiri ali ndi njoka ya ku Gabon. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 5 m.

Mtima wa wolumidwa umayamba kugunda pang'onopang'ono, kupsinjika kumatsika pang'onopang'ono. Dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo limatupa, limayamba kupweteka, mwina kutuluka magazi. Wovutikayo akumva ululu m'thupi lake lonse, kupweteka kumeneku kumamveka mpaka miyezi iwiri. Zotsatira zomvetsa chisonizo zingakhale kuyamba kwaimfa kuchokera pakusungidwa kwa kupuma pambuyo pa masabata 1-2.

7. Philippine cobra

Simungasokoneze kukongola uku ndi wina aliyense: nyumba yotseguka bwino imawoneka yokongola komanso yowopa. Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala padziko lapansi. Njoka yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi ndiye mfumu cobra. Ndipo Filipino imadziwika kuti ndi cobra woopsa kwambiri. Cobra yemwe akuwoneka kuti wadzidzimuka wakweza kutsogolo kwa thupi kotero kuti amatha kuyang'ana m'maso mwa munthu.

Poizoni wake ali ndi katundu wa neurotoxic. Imfa chifukwa chakuluma imachitika mwachangu kwambiri - mkati mwa theka la ola, chifukwa kupuma ndi mtima zimadwala ziwalo. Pankhaniyi, kuwonongeka pakhungu sikumawoneka kwenikweni. Kusintha, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba kumawonedwa.

Zosangalatsa! "Kulavulira" kwa sumu ya Philippine cobra kukhoza kutalika kwa 3 mita.

6. Njoka Yanjoka

Njoka yanjoka ndi ya banja lachiwonetsero. Zambiri zofunika ku Australia ndi kuzilumba zoyandikana nazo. Amasiyana kwambiri maonekedwe, koma onse amagawana chinthu chimodzi - poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri.

Thupi la njoka zamtundu waku Australia zitha kukhala zofiirira, zakuda kapena maolivi muutoto wokhala ndi mphete zowala. Anthu okhala m'malo ozizira nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu wakuda: mdera lakuda, labwinolo limatenga kutentha.

Njoka yanjoka saphonya. Nyama imafera pomwepo. Wokhudzidwayo akumva ululu wam'deralo, dzanzi. Pambuyo maola ochepa, kuchitidwa kwa poizoni wa neurotoxic kumagwira ntchito yake: ziwopsezo zamisempha ya kupuma komanso kumangidwa kwamtima.

5. Black mamba

Pali mitundu 4 yokha ya mambas yomwe imakhala padziko lapansi. Onsewa amakhala ku Africa. Kuluma kowopsa kwambiri kumapangitsa anthu am'deralo komanso kuwopa mambas, ndikuwapatsa ulemu waukulu.

M'malo mwake, mamba wakuda ndi osowa kwambiri. Dzinalo limayamba chifukwa cha mtundu wakuda wamkati wamkamwa. Ili ndiye njoka yayitali kwambiri ku Africa: mpaka ma 4 mita. Mambas zakuda nthawi zina zimakonda kukakhala kumalo abwino kopuma. Imatha kukhala yopanda kanthu, yowumbika pakati pamiyala, ngakhale khoma la nyumba kapena bango.

Zowonadi! Mamba yakuda ndiye njoka yothamanga kwambiri. Akamaukiridwa, amatha kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri kuposa 20 km / h.

Mamba yakuda ndi njoka "yamanjenje" kwambiri, yokonzekera kuukira pangozi pang'ono. Ngakhale akuyenda mwachangu kwambiri, amakweza mutu wake ndi khosi pamwamba pamtunda, kuti nthawi iliyonse mutha kugunda mdani.

Poizoni wa njoka uyu ndiowopsa! Kuluma kumodzi ndikokwanira kuvulaza anthu 25. Ngati simupereka mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu, mwayi wakufa ndi 100%. Wovutikayo amamva kupweteka kwambiri pamalo a chotupa. Kenako chikumbumtima chake chimayamba kusokonekera, mgawo umaonekera m'maso mwake, uku akunjenjemera ndi kukhumudwa m'thupi lake. Kusanza, kusanza, pomaliza, kumangidwa kupuma, chikomokere ndi kufa zimawonjezeredwa mwachangu. Sizingatenge theka la ola.

4. Taipan gombe

Taipan ndi membala wa banja la spid. Ili ndiye poizoni wamkulu kwambiri ku Australia ndipo New Guinea ndiowopsa kwa anthu. Pofuna kusangalatsa anthu akumaloko, amakonda malo okhala anthu ambiri ndipo amapezeka kangapo konse. Ichi ndi chiweto chachikulu kwambiri. Mano oopsa a taipan okulirapo kuposa 1 cm. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'modzi pakokha kungakhale mpaka 400 mg.

Zoipa za Taipan ndizakufa. Kutumizira m'modzi ndikokwanira kupha akuluakulu 12. Palibe ndi mmodzi yemwe amene adapulumuka pambuyo poti waukiridwa kale. Ngati mupereka chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu, odwala omwe ali ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri sangakhale nawo. Poizoniyu samangokhala ndi mafupa amtunduwu, komanso umagwiritsa ntchito coagulopathic, amathandizira kupanga mapangidwe amwazi m'magazi ndi kutsekeka kwamitsempha yamagazi.

3. Malaika amtundu wa buluu

Njoka iyi imapezeka ku Indonesia ndi Southeast Asia. Malaika Krai ndi nyama yomwe imakonda kudya usiku. Ndimakonda kusaka njoka zina. Akaluma, krait samamasula wovulalayo, koma amakakamira nsagwada kangapo kuti poizoniyo alowerere mwakuya momwe angathere.

Poizoni ndi neurotoxin wamphamvu kwambiri. Imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa cobra. Nthawi 16! Kuchokera pamachitidwe ake, ziwalo zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri. Hafu ya tsiku ndi yokwanira kufa.

2. Mfumu ya bulauni kapena mulga

Woyimira wina wa proid, mulga amakhala ku Australia. Uyu ndiye mwini wake wa bulauni wokongola komanso khosi lonse. Panthawi yowukira, khosi limakulitsidwa, koma silimapanga khasu.

Poizoniyo ndi woopsa kwambiri. Kuluma kumodzi kumatha kukhala ndi 150 mg. Ngakhale achinyamata, omwe ndi achikulire, ndi omwe amafa. Koma mfumu ya bulauni sikuti nthawi zonse imatulutsa poizoni, ndipo si kuluma konse komwe kungaphe. Amatha kuthamangitsa nyama yake kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuluma mobwerezabwereza. Nditakumana ndi mfumu ya bulauni, ndibwino kusuntha, chifukwa mayendedwe ake amayenda pang'onopang'ono.

1. Taipan McCoy kapena Njoka Yachinyengo

Australia ... Komwe kuli njoka zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi. Taipan, njoka yoyipa, njoka yankhanza - mayina ambiri anapatsidwa kwa iye ndi munthu chifukwa chaukali, kuthamanga ndi mphamvu ya poizoni. Uwu ndiye njoka yoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi! Wachiwiri aliyense wovulazidwa ku Australia ku Queensland amakhalabe atamwalira ndi kulumala kwa taipan. Taipan McCoy amakhala kumtunda, kumadera achipululu komanso ku Australia.

Njokayo imazunza womenyedwayo ndi liwiro la mphezi, popanda kuphonya ndikugunda mobwerezabwereza.

Taipan ndiye njoka yapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poizoni wa Cobra ndiwofupika nthawi 200. Kuluma kamodzi kokha kwa Taipan kumatha kupha mbewa 300,000 kapena anthu 100.

Njoka Ya Nyanja Ya Belcher

Wapitilira muyeso wathu. Uwu ndiye mutu wa njoka zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ma sumu a Taipan ndi ochepa kwambiri nthawi 100 kuposa a Belcher. Dontho la poizoni ndilokwanira kupha akuluakulu mazana angapo.

Belcher ndiwokwera. Amakhala moyo wake wonse m'madzi. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Southeast Asia ndi madzi aku North Australia. Njoka izi sizingathe kuyenda pansi, ndikugwetsedwa kumtunda, zimafa msanga. Amtendere kwambiri ndipo samagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zakufa: kotala yokha yoluma ndiyomwe ili ndi poizoni. Anthu pafupifupi samavutika ndi misonkhano ndi Belcher. Cholinga chake ndi kusasamala kwa asodzi panthawi yomwe akugwira maukonde.

# 8 Viper Akufa Njoka

Njoka yolusa ngati njoka ndi njoka yaululu kwambiri ku Australia, New Guinea ndi madera ozungulira. Amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa njoka zoyipitsitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ngakhale Viper Yakufa ili ndi mawonekedwe a chinjoka, kwenikweni ndi membala wa banja la njoka, lomwe limaphatikizapo cobras ndi mambas akuda. Njoka izi ndizachifupi, zokhala ndi mitu yotalikilatu komanso masikelo ang'onoang'ono okongoletsa thupi lake. Zili ndi mbewa zazikulu, komanso "nyambo" kumapeto kwa mchira wawo, wofanana ndi nyongolotsi yaying'ono. Modabwitsa, njoka imatha kugunda munthu yemwe wavulala nayo ndikulowetsa poyizoni m'masekondi osakwana 0,15.

Nyoka Yakufa ndi neurotoxin woopsa kwambiri. Kulumwa kumapha kwambiri ndipo kumatha kupha munthu mkati mwa maola 6 ngati chithandizo sichikupezeka. Monga njoka zina zomwe zili pamndandandawu, poizoni nthawi zambiri umayambitsa ziwengo, komanso kutsekeka kwathunthu kwa dongosolo la kupuma. Ngakhale mapiritsiwa adapangidwa, kufa kumakhalabe chifukwa chakuluma kwawo, popeza mankhwalawa angachedwetse kukula kwa zizindikiro mpaka pang'ono.

# 7 Njoka yanjoka

Njoka ya akambuku ndi njoka yapoizoni yomwe imapezeka kumadera akumwera kwa Australia ndi Tasmania. Njoka za Tiger ndizotalika pafupifupi 3.93 kutalika ndipo zimabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera ndi komwe zimapezeka (maolivi, chikasu, lalanje, bulauni ndi zakuda). Monga cobras, njoka ya akambuku ndiyopanikizika kwambiri ndikuwopa thupi kuti ikweze mutu wake pamwamba pamtunda. Njoka ya akambuku nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, madambo komanso madambo.

Mwa kulumidwa ndi njoka ku Australia pakati pa 2005 ndi 2015, njoka zam'mimba zimaluma pafupifupi 17 peresenti ya onse omwe amaluma mderali. Mwa zolumwa 119, anthu anayi anafa chifukwa cha zovuta. Ululu wa njoka yamkati umakhala ndi neurotoxins zamphamvu, ma coagulants, myotoxins ndi hemolysins. Zizindikiro zakulumwa kwawo kumaphatikizapo kupweteka kwambiri phazi ndi khosi, kumva kutulutsa thupi, thukuta kwambiri, dzanzi, kupuma movutikira komanso kudwala ziwalo. Imfa kuchokera ku kulumidwa ndi njoka zolumwa sizinapezeke pafupifupi 60%.

# 6 Chain njoka

Njoka yotchera njoka, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "njoka ya Russell", ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri yochokera ku banja la njoka. Zimachitika makamaka ku Southeast Asia, China, Taiwan ndi India. Njoka zakufa izi zimatha kutalika mikono 5.5 komanso m'lifupi mwake mainchesi sikisi. Nyoka zamanjenje zokhala ndi mitu yopingasa yokhala ndi nkhope zozungulira (komanso zokwezedwa). Mitundu yawo ndi yosiyana ndi njoka zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikasu komanso zofiirira. Mitengo ya njoka ndizofala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamabusa kapena m'nkhokwe. Zimakhalanso zofala mozungulira pamafamu, koma zimakonda kupewa malo okhala nkhalango komanso mabowo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopatsa thanzi kwa njoka ndi makoswe. Zotsatira zake, njoka izi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kuzungulira malo, chifukwa chakuti makoswe ndi mbewa zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi anthu.

Njoka zamatumbo zimatulutsa poyizoni kuluma kwake, zomwe ndizowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu pa 40-70 mg. Zizindikiro zodziwika za kulumidwa ndi njoka zimaphatikizira kutaya magazi kwambiri (makamaka m'mkamwa ndi mkodzo), kutsika kwamphamvu kwa magazi (ndi kugunda kwa mtima), matuza, necrosis, kusanza, kutupira nkhope, kulephera kwa impso, ndi magazi. Kwa anthu omwe amafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwino. Komabe, kupweteka chifukwa chakumwa nthawi zambiri kumatha pafupifupi milungu inayi ndipo amadziwika kuti amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi. Pafupifupi 29 peresenti ya opulumuka amakhalanso ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma pituitary gland.

# 5 Black mamba

Black Mamba ndi mtundu wa njoka zapoizoni kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Mamba amadziwika kutalika kwake, pafupifupi 6.6 mpaka 10 mapazi. Mitundu ina ya Black Mambas yafika pamtali wamtali pafupifupi 14.8, ndikupangitsa njoka yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Black mamba imakonda kukhala imvi komanso yakuda, ndipo akuluakulu amakhala amdima kwambiri kuposa achichepere. Amadziwikanso kuti njoka imakhala pansi komanso pamitengo. Zotsatira zake, amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nkhalango komanso miyala. Ndi m'maderawa pomwe Black Mamba nthawi zambiri imadyera mbalame ndi nyama zina zazing'ono.Popeza kuthamanga kwambiri (pafupifupi mamailosi 10 pa ola limodzi), njoka imatha kugwira mosavuta zochuluka zaizomwe imadya.

Mosiyana ndi njoka zina, Black Mamba nthawi zambiri imaluma zingapo. Ululu wake, womwe umakhala makamaka ndi ma neurotoxins, umayambitsa zizindikiro mkati mwa mphindi khumi ndipo nthawi zambiri umafa ngati mankhwalawa satumizidwa mwachangu. M'malo moyambitsa edema ndi necrosis (monga kulumidwa ndi njoka yayikulu), njoka yakuda ya Mamba nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kumva kwamphamvu, kutsekemera kwachitsulo mkamwa, kuthyolana kwa m'mizere, kusowa kwa mitsempha, kusawona bwino kwa ziwalo komanso kupunduka kwa dongosolo la kupuma. Kugona kwambiri, kusalankhula, nseru, kusanza, ndi thukuta kwambiri ndizofala. Anthu olumidwa ndi Black Mamba amakhala osakwanira mphindi makumi anayi ndi zisanu ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa patadutsa maola 7, pokhapokha atalandira chithandizo mwachangu.

# 4 Mesh njoka yakuda

Njoka yofiirira yomwe ndi njoka yakupha kwambiri yomwe imakhala kum'mawa ndi pakati Australia, komanso kum'mwera kwa New Guinea. Njokayo ndi yochepetsetsa ndipo ili ndi kutalika kwamtali mikono isanu ndi iwiri. Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, njokayo nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira, ndipo njoka zina zimayamba kuwoneka ngati zakuda. Njoka zimapezeka pafupifupi m'malo onse, kupatula nkhalango zowirira kuzungulira Australia. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamafamu, chifukwa choti nyama yawo ndi mbewa. Njoka ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa cha zazing'ono zazing'ono, malirime amdima komanso maso akuda. Alinso osungulumwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala otakataka kwambiri masana.

Ma sumu okhala ndi njoka yakuda amapha ndipo amapha anthu ambiri (ku Australia) kuposa njoka zamtundu uliwonse. Kuluma khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi pakati pa 2005 ndi 2015 ku Australia, kuluma khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kunali koopsa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kulumidwa ndi njoka zimaphatikizanso kutseka magazi, kugwa kwamwadzidzidzi magazi, magazi akulu, komanso kulephera mtima. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizaponso kulephera kwa impso, kunyansidwa kwambiri komanso kusanza, komanso mutu. Zizindikiro zimayamba mwachangu (mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kuluma). Komabe, kutengera kuchuluka kwa poyizoni yemwe walumidwa panthawi yakuluma, anthu ena amadziwika kuti amapeza zizindikiritso zoopsa pakangotha ​​mphindi ziwiri zokha. Neurotoxicity sichioneka kawirikawiri njoka ikaluma, chifukwa ululu wake nthawi zambiri umakhudza dongosolo la mtima wa ozunzidwayo. Ngakhale mankhwalawa akhala akupezeka kuyambira 1956, kusintha kwachangu kwa matendawa nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyaza mapindu a wodwala, popeza ovutitsidwa nthawi zambiri amafa pomangidwa ndi mtima asanaperekedwe thandizo.

Taipan McCoy (Oxyuranus microlepidotus)

Taipan McCoy, yemwe amatchedwanso Taipan wakunyanja, ndiye njoka yolusa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poiz wa Taipan ndi woopsa kwambiri kuposa nthawi imodzi ndi cobra. Kuluma kamodzi kwa Taipan McCoy ndikokwanira kupha anthu pafupifupi 100.

Komabe, pali nkhani yabwino. Mpaka pano, sipanapezeke munthu mmodzi womwalira kuchokera kuluma kwa Taipan McCoy. Chifukwa chiyani? Chowonadi ndichakuti ngakhale chimakhala chambiri, ndi njoka yamtendere. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu samakumana nawo kuthengo. Akaluma munthu, ndiye kuti imfa imachitika pafupifupi mphindi 45.

Munthu woyamba kudziwa njokayo anali Frederick McCoy wa malo osungira nyama ku Britain. Zinachitika mu 1879. Kenako taipan idawonekanso mu 1882. Pambuyo, kwa zaka 90, palibe munthu m'modzi yemwe adakumana naye. Osachepera palibe zolembedwa. Mwa njira, chifukwa cha izi, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ku Taipan komwe kulibe.

Njoka ya brown Snake (Pseudonaja textilis)

Njoka zamtundu wakuda zokhala wachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi mwa zakumwa za mitundu mitundu. Zodziwika kwambiri ku Australia.

Monga momwe ziliri ndi taipan, sikuti ndi nyama yamtopola kwambiri, yomwe imakonda kubwereranso m'malo mokangana ndi munthu. Ndipo ngakhale atakuluma, mwayi woti adzabayirapo poizoni ndi 50:50.

Ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, nthumwi zachinyamata za mtunduwu zimatha kupha munthu kamodzi kokha. Poison Pseudonaja textilis muli ma neurotoxins ndi ma coagulants. Pakuluma, magazi amawundana (zotsatira za coagulants) ndi ziwalo (zomwe zimachitika ndi neurotoxins).

Blue Krait (Bungarus femus)

Ili ndi njoka yokongola kwambiri yam'nyanja. Koma mawonekedwe ake ndi onyenga. Uku ndiye kulingalira kowopsa kwambiri. Imapezeka ku Asia ndi Indonesia. Alibe usiku. Poizoni wa Blue Kraot ndi woopsa kwambiri mwakuti ngakhale 50% ya anthu omwe amalandira mankhwalawa amamwalirabe.

Koma pali nkhani yabwino. Monga momwe zilili pamtundu wamtunduwu, iyenso siamwano. Awa ndi nyama zam'nyanja zamanyazi zomwe sizifuna kuyanjana ndi anthu.

Ponena za ziwerengero, sizosangalatsa kwambiri. Pafupifupi 85% ya anthu omwe alumidwa ndi njoka iyi amwalira.

Coastal Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus)

Coastal Taipan ndi mtundu wachitatu kwambiri padziko lonse wa njoka. Pakuluma kwa taipan ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, magazi amawunjikana mwa munthu ndipo kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumachitika, zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo. Anthu ambiri amafa mkati mwa ola limodzi chifukwa cholumidwa. Ndikosatheka kupulumuka popanda mankhwala.

Pali magulu atatu am'madzi amtundu wa taipan, omwe ali ndi poizoni.

Munthu woyamba kugwira taipan wam'madzi wam'madzi anali Kevin Badden waku Australia. Komabe, taipan uja adamluma ndipo adamwalira tsiku lotsatira, monga ma antidote ake anali asanapangepo.

Black Mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis)

Mamba yakuda si njoka yayikulu komanso yoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma potengera kuthamanga imakhala pamalo oyamba mu TOP iyi. Kuthawa mamba akuda ndizosatheka. Imatha kuthamanga mpaka 20 km / h.

Nthawi zambiri malo awo amakhala ku Africa. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yomwe tafotokozayi, iyi ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. Kuluma kamodzi kwa mamba wakuda ndikokwanira kupha akuluakulu 10-25.

Kutengera ndi kuluma kwake kunali kolimba komanso kuchuluka kwa mamba wakuda yemwe adayamwa, kufa kumatha mphindi 15-180.

Njoka Yanjoka (Notechis scutatus)

Njoka zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu waziphe kwambiri. Kuluma kamodzi ndikokwanira kupha munthu m'mphindi 30 zokha. Komabe, pali nkhani yabwino. Nthawi zambiri pambuyo pakuluma, munthu amakhala ndi maola 6-24 kuti atenge mankhwala. Komanso, pafupifupi 30-40% ya anthu amakhalabe ndi kuluma ngakhale popanda mankhwala oletsa kuperekera mankhwala (ngati atamwa mankhwala ochepetsa poizoni).

Zachidziwikire, monga mitundu ina yambiri, ichi ndi cholengedwa chamanyazi chomwe chimakonda kuthawa m'malo mopikisana ndi anthu.

Philippine cobra (Naja philippinensis)

Ma Cobras ali ndi mutu wapadera (wokhala ndi hood) womwe umawoneka bwino kwambiri komanso amatikumbutsa za Egypt wakale. Ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya ma cobras si njoka zowopsa, koma cobra wa ku Philippines ndi woopsa kwambiri. Kupatula kuti amatha kubayira poizoni, amathanso kuwavulira malo akutali mpaka mita 3.

Ngati waluma munthu, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa pakatha mphindi 30. Kupanda kutero, munthuyo adzafa.

Njoka Yokulira (Hydrophis belcheri)

Mtunduwu umakhala pafupi ndi malo otetezeka a Indian Ocean, New Guinea, Indonesia, Gulf of Thailand komanso gombe la Philippines (zolemba zina zimapezeka kugombe la Australia ndi Solomon Islands).

Mtunduwu ndi woopsa kwambiri kotero kuti kuluma kamodzi ndikokwanira kupha munthu pasanathe mphindi 30. Mwamwayi, njoka ya Belcher ndi mawonekedwe amanyazi omwe amakonda kupewa kucheza ndi anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi adaphunzira za amtunduwu ndikupeza kuti cholengedwa ichi chimatha kuwongolera chiphe chake, ndipo, pafupifupi, chimangodzivulaza kamodzi mwa zinayi za kuluma.

Poizoniyo mumakhala mulingo wambiri wa ma neurotoxins ndi myotoxins. Dontho limodzi ndilokwanira kupha anthu 1800.

Pa izi buku lathu lidatha, owerenga okondedwa. Tikukhulupirira kuti zoyesayesa zathu sizinali zachabe, ndipo zidziwitso zomwe tinapeza zinali zothandiza komanso zosangalatsa kwa inu.

# 3 Taipan McCoy

Taipan ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri yomwe imakhala ku Australia. Ndi membala wa banja la Elapid (lomwe limaphatikizapo cobras) ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa njoka zakufa kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano. Pali mitundu itatu yodziwika ya Taipan, monga "Coastal Taipan", "Inland Taipan" ndi "Taipan of the Central Ranges". Mitundu yambiri ya Taipan imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Queensland, komanso kum'mwera kwa Papua. New Guinea. Amadyanso makamaka makoswe, komanso nyama zina zazing'ono.

Poip ya Taipan imakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri ya neurotoxins. Kuluma kumodzi kuchokera ku Taipan nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti ziwalo zam'magazi ziwonongeke komanso kuvala magazi, kupewa magazi oyenda m'mitsempha. Ngakhale kuti pali njira yothetsera kulumidwa ndi poizoni wa Taipan, ochepa kwambiri omwe amapulumuka chifukwa chakuluma. Munthu m'modzi yekha adapulumuka ndikuluma njoka.

# 2 Mala Krai

Blue Krayt kapena Malay Krayt ndi njoka yapoizoni kwambiri yochokera ku banja la Elapid. Nthawi zambiri, njoka imafika kutalika pafupifupi 3.5 ndipo imasungidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yoyera mosiyanitsa ndi mipata yoyera. Blue Krayt imapezeka makamaka ku Southeast Asia, kuphatikiza Indochina ndi Indonesia. Amadyetsa kwambiri mbewa, njoka zina (kuphatikiza zina zamtambo wabuluu), zokwawa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti Blue Krayt amakonda minda, maenje, ngakhale nyumba malo ake. Blue Krayt imakondanso magwero amadzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja ndi maiwe. Zadziwikanso kuti Blue Krayt nthawi zambiri imakonda kusaka.

Ma sumu a Blue Krayt ali ndi mphamvu komanso ali ndi ma neurotoxin amphamvu kwambiri omwe amachititsa minyewa ya wovulalayo. Neurotoxins amapangidwa ndi preynaptic ndi ma postynaptic poizoni, omwe amadziwika kuti amakhudza mwachindunji luso la munthu polankhula kapena kuganiza momveka bwino. Mlomo wa Blue Krayt umakhudzanso kupuma kwamunthu, kupangitsa kukomoka chifukwa cha kulephera kupuma kwa maola anayi. Zizindikiro zina za kuluma kwa krait zimaphatikizira kupuwala, kupweteka kwambiri pamimba / kupindika, minofu yamaso yolimba, ndi khungu. Mosiyana ndi njoka zina, monga Chain Viper, yomwe imatulutsa 40 mpaka 70 mg wa poizoni pakuluma, Krayt imangotulutsa 10 mg yokha. Komabe, ngakhale zochepa izi ndizamphamvu kwambiri ndipo zimapereka zofanana ndi njoka zapoizoni zomwe talemba m'nkhaniyi. Ngakhale anthu nthawi zambiri samamva kupweteka chifukwa chakuluma kwa nkhwangwa (yomwe imawapatsa chitsimikizo chabodza), imfayo imakhala yosagawika kwa maola anayi ngati sichithandizo. Kufa kwa Blue Crack kumwalira ndi gawo lodabwitsa la makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu.

# 1 Belcher Nyoka Yanyanja

Njoka yam'nyanja ya Belcher ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri yochokera ku banja lachiphadzuwa. Ngakhale chinali chamanyazi komanso chamanyazi, Njoka ya Belcher Sea imadziwika kuti ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Njokayo ndi yaying'ono (pafupifupi mikono 3.5), yokhala ndi thupi loonda komanso maziko achikasu okhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira. Imapezeka kawirikawiri ku Indian Ocean, komanso ku Philippines, Gulf of Thailand, Solomon Islands komanso gombe lakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Australia. Nthawi zambiri, imachitika m'matanthwe otentha ndipo imatha kupumira kwakanthawi pafupifupi maola eyiti isanadutse. Zomwe zikuwoneka masiku ano zikuwonetsa kuti njoka yam'madzi ya Belcher nthawi zambiri imadya nsomba zochepa ndi eel.

Njoka yam'nyanja ya Belcher ndiyowopsa kwambiri kotero kuti kuluma kamodzi kumapha munthu pasanathe mphindi makumi atatu. Kafukufuku awonetsanso kuti poizoni wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa njoka ya Taipan. Mwamwayi, chikhalidwe chofewa ndi mawonekedwe a njoka nthawi zambiri samazilola kuti ziziwombera anthu. Komanso, kafukufuku wasayansi wawonetsa kuti njokayo ikhoza kuwongolera chiphe chake ndikuwulutsa poizoni mu kotala yokha.

Ululu wanjoka umakhala ndi ma neurotoxins komanso myotoxins ambiri. Dontho limodzi la sumu yake ndilamphamvu kupha anthu 1800. Zizindikiro zodziwika zakuluma kwawo: kusanza kwakuya ndi kusanza, kupweteka mutu kuchokera ku migraine, kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka kwambiri pamimba, chizungulire komanso kukokana. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kupuwala, kuchepa kwa minofu, kutulutsa magazi kwambiri, chifuwa, kulephera kupuma, komanso kulephera kwa impso. Ngakhale pali maantivitamini kuti athane ndi njoka yakupha, kulandira chithandizo mwachangu ndikofunikira kuti musafe.