Chuma chowonjezera kwambiri chotchuka, chiweto choyambirira golide. Nyimbo zokongola komanso nyimbo zosangalatsa mbalame sangasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi.
Ngati muziwasamalira moyenera kuyimba mbalame amatha kumvetsera chaka chonse. Nthawi yokhayo - nthawi yosungunula golide amagwa, koma osakhalitsa. Zojambula zonyezimira sizinapite patali kuposa momwe munthu aliyense wokondedwa wa canary amapangira. Amayimba mokongola kwambiri panthawi ya ndege yoitanira anthu, kuyesera kuti adziyang'anire kwambiri momwe angathere.
Mverani mawu a carduelis
Kuyenda kwa mbalameyi kumatha kusilira. Carduelis atakhala pansi samawoneka kawirikawiri, amakonda kukhala mlengalenga, kuthawa. Chifukwa cha mapira ake ofiira-achikuda ndi chikasu, sizingatheke kusokoneza wina aliyense.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Mbalame yosangalatsayi ndi ya banja lokongola. Wachepera mfuti yamalonda yagolide ngakhale mpheta sizimagwira, ndipo zimakhala zazitali 12 cm kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira.
Ndipo kulemera kwake sikoposa 20 magalamu. Mwana wankhuku wamkulu amasiyana ndi mbalame zina zonse pamavuto ake owala. Pokhapokha pamutu, mapiko ndi mchira wake zimawoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapatsa chidwi mbalameyo ndikulimbikitsa mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino.
Mphumi, masaya, ndi m'mimba mwake ndi zoyera mbu. Carduelis mlomo wazunguliridwa ndi mphete ya utoto wofiira. Mapikowo adakutidwa ndi maula owala achikasu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti anapiye ang'ono alibe chozungulira chokhala ndi milomo yawo. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi longitudinal tasgation m'chigawo chakumbuyo ndi chifuwa.
Wamkazi Carduelis pafupifupi wosiyana ndi wamwamuna. Pokhapokha maula ake pang'ono pang'ono. Mukayang'ana pa carduelis, mumadabwa momwe chilengedwe chokongola chimatha kupanga mwaluso. Koma kupatula kukongola kuli talente yeniyeni komanso yosayerekezeka. Mbalame ya Goldfinch ikumveka yosangalatsa. Chojambulachi chochititsa chidwi ndi nyimboyi chili ndi nyimbo 20 zapadera.
Zikumveka kuti nthawi yomweyo zimamva zosiyana. Zina ndizosangalatsa, zoseketsa, zosangalatsa khutu. Ena, m'malo mwake, ndi akuthwa, owuma ndikudula khutu. Zinadziwika kuti mwa akazi, kuimba kumakhala kaphokoso kwambiri kuposa momwemo Amuna a Carduelis, chifukwa chake, ndi omwe amalangizidwa kuti azilakalaka kunyumba. Europe, Western Siberia, Asia Minor ndi Central Asia, North Africa ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri a Carduelis.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kuuluka mozungulira zigawo za kumpoto kwa Europe. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi malo akeawo. Koma onsewa ndi olumikizidwa chifukwa chokonda madambo otseguka, minda ndi minda yolimba. Kutentha, Carduelis amasambira ndipo limodzi amakhala moyo wosamukasamuka, pofunafuna malo abwino okhala.
Kuyandikira kugwa, amapanga gulu la ziweto. Hafu yayikulu ya mbalamezi imakhalabe nthawi yozizira, ochepa amawulukira kumwera. Chifukwa chake, yankhani mosafunikira funso golide wa mbalame yosamukasamuka kapena ayi zosatheka. Mitundu ina yamtima wamtima siziopa nyengo yozizira.
Kuphatikiza pa chakuti mbalame yokongola mwanzeru imeneyi imatha kuyimba mokongola, ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu chifukwa imawononga mosavuta kuchuluka kwa tizilombo zomwe zimawononga chuma cha dziko.
Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha mbalame
Zizolowezi za mbalamezi zimakhala zofanana. Mutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi nyimbo zakunja ndi mtundu wa kuyimba. Zachisa, amasankha malo okwezeka.
Awiriwa amakhala pa mtunda wokwanira kutalikirana. Amphongo amakhala mwamakhalidwe pafupi ndi zisa. Amakhala pamwamba pamtengo, amakhala mosasunthika, amasuntha mbali zonse ndikuimba. Mkazi akangomusiya chisa chake, mwamunayo am'bwerera kwa iye ndikuyamba kuyankhulana kumene awiri okha akumvetsa.
Mu nthawi ya masika, zokambirana zotere nthawi zambiri zimatha mating. Zidole za Carduelis zimapangidwa mwaluso, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo ya moss ndi bark ya mitengo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtima wamtima uli ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, mu hemp, Amuna amangoyimba pokhapokha kuchuluka kwake kwasonkhanitsidwa.
Amayamba nyimbo yovuta komanso yosimba. Ma greenbacks omwe amayimba nyimbo zawo zowakumbutsa zambiri, motero amalumikizana mogwirizana. Ndipo zimawuluka kotero kuti zisokonezedwe ndi mileme. Ma Goldfinches ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera - amasinthana ndi munthuyo, momwe zinthu ziliri kunyumba. Amatha kukhala osavuta kusintha kuposa mbalame zina, kuphunzitsa, komanso kuphunzitsa njira zina zosavuta.
Khalidwe losangalatsa, kukongola komanso luso loimba mosangalatsa zimapangitsa kuti mbalameyi ikhale yokondedwa ndi anthu ambiri, chifukwa chake, ngati pali kusankha pakati mbalame mbalame ndi zamkati, ndiye kawirikawiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ambiri asankha izi.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Goldfinch - mtundu wa mbalame womwe ndi gawo lalikulu lamtundu wa carduelis kuchokera ku finch ya banja. Ma Goldfinches amabwera m'njira zingapo. Amasiyana pakati pawo ndi malo okhala, zizolowezi zina ndi zina zakunja. Komabe, ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofanana. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yonse ya ma carduelis amakonda kukhala pamphepete mwa nkhalango ndi malo otseguka.
Kanema: Goldfinch
Kodi dzina "golidefinch "linachokera kuti? Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu. Mtundu woyamba ukunena kuti nyamayo idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha zovala zawo zoyipa. Mawonekedwe owala, osadziwika bwino amasiyanitsa mbalamezi ndi zotsalazo. Mtundu wachiwiri - dzina "Goldfinch" limachokera ku Latin "Carduus". Mawuwa amatanthauza nthula. Ndi mbewu iyi, kapena makamaka mbewu zake, zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri za carduelis.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Mtengo waukulu wamafuta agolide samangokhala mawonekedwe ake okongola, kuyimba kosangalatsa. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti mbalamezi ndizothandiza kwambiri alimi, okhala m'midzi. Kwa tsiku limodzi amawononga tizilombo tambiri tambiri timene timawononga mbewu.
Mitundu ya carduelis imaphatikizapo mbalame zambiri: greenfinch, siskin, Carduelis, kuvina kwa tap. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa carduelis? Mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe: kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika masentimita khumi ndi awiri, kulemera - magalamu makumi awiri. Carduelis amakhala ndi minofu yolimba, mutu wozungulira, mulomo wawung'ono koma wakuthwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kwa achibale ena ndi kunenepa. M'mitundu ya mbalamezi muli mitundu yakuda, yoyera, yachikaso, yofiyira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Goldfinch
Pofotokozera ma golide agolide, wina sangathe koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma epithet owala kwambiri. Maonekedwe a nyamayo imamenyedwa ndi chipolowe cha mitundu, mgwirizano. Miyeso ya thupi la nyama ndi yaying'ono. Carduelis ndiochulukirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta wamba. Kutalika kwa matupi awo sikawonjeza masentimita khumi ndi awiri. Mosiyana ndi mpheta zomwezo, carduelis amakhala ndi thupi lowonda. Amakhala ndi minyewa yolimba bwino, miyendo imakhala yosakhwima, nsapato zakuthwa komanso mkamwa yaying'ono wokhala ndi malekezero osaloledwa.
Mtundu wa nyama ndi wosiyana, kutengera mitundu. Mwachilengedwe, kuli ma Yemeni, omala-amtondo, amutu wakuda, amutu otuwa. Palinso mitundu yambiri yamasamba awo. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi yotsiriza: yokhala ndi mutu wakuda ndi imvi.
Pali zosiyana zina pamitundu yawo, mtundu wake:
- Goldfinch carduelis nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wofala. Uwu ndi mitundu yambiri yamtima wama Carduelis, womwe umagawidwa ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia. Mutu wa mbalameyo ndi wakuda, nthenga zoyera zimapezeka pamasaya, ndipo mapiko ake ndi akuda ndi achikaso. Mbalame zokhala ndi mutu wakuda zimadziwika ndi malire a mdomo wofiira,
- ma golide okhala ndiimvi amasiyana utoto wowala, wotsika. Mbalamezi zimakhala makamaka ku Asia, Siberia. Zowonjezera zazimvi zokhala ndi imvi zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mithunzi iwiri yayikulu: bulauni ndi imvi. Komabe, belu la nthenga zofiira limapezekanso kuzungulira mulomo.
Chosangalatsa: Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa Carduelis wachikazi ndi chachimuna ndi zizindikilo zakunja. Wasayansi wodziwa zambiri yekha ndi amene amatha kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Zachikazi za nyama izi ndizofanana ndimawonekedwe owala. Mzere wofiirira wochepa thupi womwe uli pansi pa mulomo ndi womwe ungawatulutse.
Kodi golidi wagolide amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Goldfinch kuthawa
Mitundu yonse yama carduelis imakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - mbalame zimakonda ufulu, chifukwa moyo wawo amasankha malo otseguka. Itha kukhala dimba losowa, nkhalango m'malire, mitengo yolimba. Nyengo ya nyama izi sizichita gawo lapadera. Amasinthasintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Zotsalira zokhazokha ndizotsika kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri. Chofunikira kwambiri posankha malo okhala nyama zotere ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya choyenera, madzi pafupi.
Ma Goldfinches amatha kutchedwa kuti mbalame zokhazikika. Ndi nyama zochepa chabe zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira zomwe zimachoka zisa zawo ndikupita komwe kumatentha. Ena onse amakhalabe nthawi yachisanu m'nyumba zawo. Nyama izi ndizambiri komanso ndizofala. Malo awo achilengedwe amaphatikizapo: Russia, Caucasus, Africa, Asia, gawo lakumadzulo kwa Europe.
Mbalame zimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero chawo chachikulu kwambiri chimakhala ku Europe, ndiwo ma golide agolide ochepa kwambiri ku Africa. Komanso, mawonekedwe a carduelis amakhudzanso zakukhazikika. Blackheads amakonda kukhala ndi chisa makamaka ku Europe. Ku Africa ndi Asia, amapezeka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ma Carduelis okhala ndiimvi amakhala ku Asia, Siberia, ndi Kazakhstan. Ku Europe, ndizosowa kwenikweni.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe golide wagolide amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Dzinalo limanenanso za kukongola kwa mbalamezi, chifukwa kuweruza poona maonekedwe awo, ma golide enieni ndi osalimba, ang'ono, zolengedwa zokongola, komanso kusiyanasiyana kwake kwamitundu kungafanane ndi mtundu wa mitundu ya mitundu ya paradiso.
Ndipo pano wina sangasangalale ndikusilira zodabwitsa za chilengedwe, zokhoza kupanga ungwiro wotere. Goldfinch - kuyimba mbalamezokhudzana kwambiri ndi mitengo. Ndipo onse awiriwa omwe akuyimira ufumu wokhala ndi mbeewa ndi amtundu wofanana.
Kukula kwake, zinyenyeswazi za Carduelis ndizofanana ndi mpheta. M'malo mwake, mitundu yambiri imakhala yocheperako, yokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 12 (ngati simuganizira kukula kwa mchira) ndi kulemera pafupifupi 20 g.
Zodzikongoletsera zapadera za mbalame zotere (izi zimatha kuwonedwa mwa chidwi ndi momwe zimawonekera mokongola Goldfinch mu chithunzi) ndizo: Mitundu yamutu wamutu, yofiira kutsogolo ndi chingwe chakuda kumbuyo ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera mbali, chikaso chowala ndi mapiko akuda, mchira wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera.
Carduelis ali ndi mitundu yambiri yowiwalika
Pamasaya ndi m'mimba, maula ake ndi oyera oyera bwino. Utoto wamtundu wamtambo ndi loyera utatu wopindika, wokulirapo kumapeto. Mbali yayikulu yakumbuyo ndi chifuwa ndi kuwala. Miyendo ndi ya pinki.
Izi ndi zizindikiro zakunja kwa mbalame yamtundu womwe umadziwika ndi dzina: golide wagolide, kapena wotchedwa mosiyana - wamutu wakuda, chifukwa cha mzere wa utoto wakumbuyo kumbuyo kwa mutu.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthumwi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalamezi ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ya mitundu yambiri, yomwe ndi yotheka komanso yapadera pakati pa zovala za nyimbo. Liti zopatsa mtima amayamba kukula, nthenga zawo zimangokulirapo pakukula.
Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha mbalamezi ndi luso lawo polankhula. Kutha kwa mbalame ngati izi kuyimba bwino bwino kumakwaniritsa kukongola kwakunja kwa mbalame zodabwitsazi.
Amatha kubereka, malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa, pafupifupi angapo a mitundu yosiyana kwambiri, yosafanana ndi inzake.
Carduelis akuyimba wokongola komanso wophatikiza, wokhoza kutulutsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana osangalatsa ndi mitundu yosangalatsa. Nthawi zina, mawu a mbalamezi amakhala okoma modabwitsa. Koma zimachitika kuti zikumveka, kukhala zosasangalatsa, kugunda makutu ndi chikwapu ndi tweet yoyambirira.
Mverani mawu a carduelis wamba
Komwe golide wagolide amakhala? Mitundu yamitundu yokhala ndi mapikoyi ndiyofunika kwambiri, ngakhale kumpoto kwa Europe sikuphatikizidwamo. Vutoli lili m'malo otentha a zolengedwa zam'mlengalenga. Koma mbalame zoterezi zimatha kupezeka kum'mwera kwa Finland ndi Scandinavia.
Amatenga mizu yake ndikumverera m'madera ochokera ku Ireland kupita kumayiko a Portugal, m'malo otseguka a Russia - ku Western Siberia, ndipo amakhalanso madera otentha a Central ndi Asia Little, ku Afghanistan, Pakistan, ndi kumwera kumadera a North Africa.
Kuphatikiza pa makutu amutu wakuda omwe tafotokozawa, palinso mitundu ina m'chilengedwe. Iliyonse mwa kukhalapo kwa machitidwe ena, mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu wake wamtunduwu kuchokera kwa enawo, osiyana mosiyanasiyana, makulidwe amitundu yambiri komanso malo okhala. Koma zosiyana zama Cardinal, monga lamulo, sizimawonedwa.
Mitundu ina yotchuka kwambiri yazovala ngati izi tingaitchule pano.
- Golide wokhala ndi mutu wa imvi ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa wamutu wakuda amene watchulidwa pamwambapa. Ndipo thupi lake nthawi zina limakhala lalitali masentimita 17. Amasiyananso chifukwa kunalibe mitundu yoyera ndi yoyera yakuda. Imakonda kukhazikika kumapiri akumwera kwa Siberia, kufalikiranso ku Central Asia kupita kumadera akumpoto kwa India.
Grefinch wokhala ndiimvi
- Linnet ilinso yayikulu pang'ono kuposa mtima wamba. Amuna amtunduwu ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri. Chapakatikati, amakhala ndi mbali zofiirira komanso zoyera. Mphumi, thupi ndi chifuwa ndizowoneka bwino mu mithunzi yowala ofiira, ngakhale kuti utotowu mulibe m'mitundu yambiri ya akazi.
Zochititsa chidwi za kuyimba pakati pa oimira zamtunduwu. Amphongo zazimuna zamtunduwu zimangoyimba, zimalumikizana mu ma ensembles achilendo. Ndipo nyimbo zomwe amasindikiza ndizodziwika chifukwa chogwirizana komanso zovuta kuzichita. Mbalame zotere zimapezeka ku Eurasia komanso kumadzulo kwa madera aku North Africa.
Linnet amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa carduelis
- Zelenushka adatchedwa dzina la mtundu wamadzi obiriwira kumbuyo. Ilinso ndi khosi imvi, mapiko akuda okhala ndi yellowness, ndi mchira wa mtundu womwewo. Kukula kwa mbalamezi ndikofanana ndi mpheta. Mwachisoni, kuyimba kwawo, mosiyanasiyana, sikusiyana mu phokoso, ndipo mamvekedwe omwe amapanga ali ofanana ndi kulira kwa phokoso.
Mbalame ya Greenfinch
- Siki yoyaka ndi yaying'ono ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 12 g. Kapangidwe kake ka utotoyo ndi kofiyira ndi kuphatikiza kwakuda ndi koyera. Mbalame zotere zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, nkhalango zowala, zimapezeka m'matchire, zimagwirizanitsa magulu osankhika.
Ino ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kukongola kwapadera kwamapulogalamu, imagwidwa kwambiri. Pa msika wakuda uli ndi mtengo wosangalatsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa zamphiko zotereku kwatsika kwambiri.
Tsopano m'malo achilengedwe amapezeka kokha kumadera akutali a Venezuela, komwe amatetezedwa mwanjira, koma, ngakhale izi, zimagulitsidwa mosaloledwa kuti zigulitsidwe kwa okonda zachilendo.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, sisitimu woyaka uja adakola nsomba zambiri
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kufotokozera kwamtima ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndikutchula phindu losakayikitsa lomwe mbalamezi zimabweretsa, kuwononga tizirombo tambiri timalo zobiriwira ndi mbewu zamtengo wapatali. Gulu la mbalame zotere m'minda ndi nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe - alendo siachilendo. Amasiya zisa zawo, kumagwirizira m'matumba ndikupita kukafunafuna chakudya cham'tsogolo.
Zakudya za akuluakulu zimaphatikizapo makamaka mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mitengo mpaka zitsamba ndi zitsamba. Chithandizo chapadera kwa mbalamezi ndi mbewu ya nthula, sorelo wa kavalo ndi squoke.
Ziphuphu zimakonda kudyetsa ana. Munthawi zosavomerezeka, pakakhala zovuta za kukhalapo kwa mbewu zochuluka, mbalame zotere zimasamukira kudyetsa zina, pogwiritsa ntchito namsongole yaying'ono, masamba ake ndi masamba kuti zitheke.
Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zosunthazi zikuwonetsa chidwi chodabwitsa. Amalumpha mwachangu mumitengo. Pink poker tidbits ndi zojambulajambula, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku ma birch catkins, amatha bwino kuwumitsa, atakhala panthambi zoonda.
Zakudya zopangidwa ndi okonzeka komanso zosakanikirana zapamwamba ndizoyenera zam'nyumba. Amathanso kudyetsedwa ndi zopondera, tirigu, mazira owiritsa, zouma ndi zowuma.
Tisaiwale za chakudya chanyama. Makamaka, ndizotheka kudyetsa ziweto zotere ndi mphutsi za ufa bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza makamaka nthawi yozizira, komanso nyerere pupae. Madzi omwe amaperekedwa kwa omwe akumwa amayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse ndikusintha pafupipafupi.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Ngakhale ali mu ukapolo, mbalame zokongola izi ndizokonzeka kubereka nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Popeza imakhala m'khola, wamkazi imamanga chisa cha ana ake. Chachikulu ndichakuti mwiniwakeyo amawapatsa zida zomangira zofunika: khungwa la mitengo, moss, ndere, khungwa la birch, zidutswa za ubweya.
Zisa za Carduelis nthawi zonse zimakhala zachilendo komanso zomata bwino
Pamalo abwino, mayi woyembekezera amayikira mazira a buluu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi madontho (amathanso kukhala obiriwira ndi zoyera mu kachidutswa kofiyira, kutengera mtunduwo) zochuluka mpaka zidutswa zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Amawathandizira kuti azimuyang'anira, osafuna kuthandiza wamwamunaCarduelis. Ntchito zake zimakhala ndi umuna. Ndipo pamapeto pa njirayi, ndikwabwino kusamutsa wopusa wina wokhala ndi khungu lina.
Anapiye okongola omwe amawoneka posachedwa akukula mwachangu. Ndipo m'masabata awiri ali pafupi kukonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Komabe, ndibwino kuti muziwasunga pafupi ndi mayiyo sabata lina, kuti pomaliza pake alimbikire ndikukhala olimba.
Carduelis achinyamata mwana wankhuku
Chingwe obadwira mu ukapolo, akukula, monga lamulo, amakhala ochezeka komanso ochezeka kwa anthu, makamaka kwa ana. Amatha kudziwa zinthu, kufufuza zinthu ndipo amaphunzira mosavuta zinthu zosangalatsa.
Mwachilengedwe, Carduelis peyala ndi Kubwera kwa masika. Ndipo ntchito yomanga nyumbayi yatha kumapeto kwa Meyi. Carduelis chisa - nyumba yokongola kwambiri komanso yokongola, yopangidwa ndi mbale. Utoto wake umafanana ndi malowa ndipo umamangidwa mwanjira yoti mawonekedwewo sawoneka motsutsana ndi nthambi za mitengo (nthawi zambiri imakhala yotupa kapena ya Aspen).
Ndipo imayamba nthawi ya chibwenzi, pomwe o njonda amadziyang'anira chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo ndikuchita nawo mawonekedwe. Ngati pa nthawi ngati izi ziwoneka kuti nzanga atuluka chisa, ndiye kuti wopemphedwa kuti amusamalire nthawi yomweyo amuthamangira. Yaikazi imatulutsa nthenga ndikugwedeza mapiko ake. Chotsatira ndi kuwongolera.
Mwachilengedwe, abambo a carduelis amathandizira anzawo kudyetsa anapiye awo, ngakhale sanatenge nawo nawo gawo loteteza. M'madera abwino nyengo, Carduelis ali ndi nthawi yopanga ana ochuluka ngati awiri. Nthochi zimayamba kudyetsedwa ndi mphutsi, koma zikamakula, zimayamba kudya zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu.
Ma Carduel omwe ali mu ukapolo nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa anzawo akumtchire, nthawi zina amafika zaka 20. Koma m'chilengedwe, nthawi iyi ya zaka zisanu ndiyifupi. Komabe, panyumba kusunga moyo wa mbalame zimatengera chidwi cha mwini, zoyesayesa zake ndi kufunitsitsa kusamalira chiweto chake.
Tcherani khutu!
Komabe, chozizwitsa kwambiri cha Carduelis ndikuyimba kwawo. Imagunda kwambiri kuposa mtundu wake wodabwitsa. Akuyerekeza kuti mbalamezi zimatha kusewera pafupifupi timitengo 20 tosiyanasiyana.
Zambiri zamawu a Carduelis amadziwika ndi chithumwa komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina, kutsekemera. Koma mbalame zimathanso kupanga phokoso losasangalatsa kwambiri. Inde, kuyimba kwa zolengedwa izi kungakhale kwachikale.
Habitat
Malo okhala Carduelis ndi akulu kwambiri. Amatha kupezeka ku Europe konse kupatula zigawo zakumpoto, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa.
Finland, Norway, Ireland, Portugal, Pakistan - awa ndi mndandanda wocheperako womwe mayiko omwe nyimbo iyi imakhala. M'dziko lathu, amakhalanso ndi moyo.
Grefinch wokhala ndiimvi
Kukula kwa nthumwi yamtunduwu ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zomwe zimakonda Carduelis. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhala 0,17 m. Mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera mu utoto mulibe. Malo okondedwa ali kum'mwera kwa Siberia, China, kumpoto kwa India.
Kuphatikiza apo, alipo amisili okhuthala, Yemeni, American carduelis.
Goldfinch ali mu ukapolo
Monga momwe tazindikira kale, pamakhala ma Carduelis. Koma lero ndikodziwika bwino kuti mudzikhala ndi chiweto chokhala ndi mbewa. Ma Goldfin ndi oyenereradi ntchito imeneyi. Izi ndichifukwa cha mitundu yowala ya maula, chakudya chosasamala komanso mawonekedwe okongola modabwitsa.
Ndikokwanira kuti mwana wankhuku akamva kulira kwa munthu wamkulu kamodzi kamodzi kuti aphunzire kuyimba modabwitsa ndi kukula. Mukamagwira nkhalangoyi m'nkhalango, imatha kubereka mwachangu kwambiri. Komanso, mbalameyo imaphunzitsidwa mosavuta panjira zosiyanasiyana.
Zinthu zake
Carduelis ayenera kusungidwa m'malo abwino. Ndodo za mmenemo ziyenera kukonzedwa mu zowonjezera za 1.5 cm kapena kuchepera. Ndibwino ngati muphatikiza - chimacho chimapangidwa ndi mitengo, ndipo ndodo - zachitsulo.
Malo achitetezo akuyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula komanso kuyatsidwa bwino. Komabe, kuwala kwadzuwa kolunjika sikuyenera kuloledwa kupewetsa kutentha kwambiri.
Carduelis imaloledwa ngakhale kulandiridwa pa khonde kapena m'munda. Mpweya wabwino umakhala ndi phindu pa thanzi la mbalame.
Pomaliza, tazindikira kuti golide waulere ndi mphatso yabwino kwambiri. Mutha kuwonetsa kwa anzanu komanso abale anu polemekeza holide iliyonse. Adzaona kuyamikira kwanu.
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame yagolide
Zoyimira mbalamezi zimakhudzana ndi zikondwerero, zomwe kenako zidatengera dzina la banja la dzina lomweli. Kukula kwa thupi ndi kocheperako (12 cm, kuphatikiza mchira) kuti ngakhale mpheta imawoneka ngati m'bale wachikulire. Kuchuluka kwa mbalameyo kumakhala mkati 20 g. Mu anapiye omwe amalowa gawo la kukula, nthenga zimayamba kuwoneka bwino. Chithumwa chapadera chimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa gawo kumtunda kwa mchira, mapiko ndi malo amutu. Modzipereka, mumayamba kuzindikira komwe mawu oti "mawonekedwe oyipa" adachokera.
Kwa munthu wamkulu, malo ambiri ofiira ozungulira mulomo kuzungulira mlomo, mapiko pamwamba amakhala utoto wautoto. Pamimba, masaya ndi mphumi ndi nthenga zoyera bwino. Ana aang'ono amatulutsa mawonekedwe a bere ndi kumbuyo, kapena m'malo - multicolor kumayendedwe a mbali. Kuyang'ana mwachangu sikungapeze kusiyana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi anzawo. M'malo mwake, nthenga za theka la theka lokongola zimapumira pang'ono.
Kuyang'ana zithunzi zokhala ndi zojambula ngati ma golide, munthu amangodzipereka mwanzeru chuma chambiri cha mayi! Zambiri zam'manja zimathandizira kukongola kwakunja kwa mbalameyo. Goldfinch imatha kupanganso nyimbo zingapo zokongola pafupifupi ziwiri.
Zomwe zimapangidwa zimatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo losiyana kotheratu: kuchokera kumagulu omveka okoma omwe makutu amadziwika bwino mpaka ma tweti osasangalatsa. Akazi, monga zolengedwa zokonda kwambiri, amaimba mopitilira muyeso poyerekeza ndi kugonana kwamphamvu. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuwona kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pakakhala chikhumbo chopanga Carduelis mu nyumbayo.
Ndipo komabe, mtundu uliwonse wa carduelis uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera pamakhalidwe kapena chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, lingani. Amuna amtunduwu amatha kuyimba pokhapokha atapangidwa mu "bird ensemble" yokhala ndi anthu angapo. Kuyimba kwawo ndi kuphatikiza kovuta kwa mawu, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala a melodic.
Phokoso lomwe amapanga ma greenfinches silikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kuyimba kwa mbalame. Mwacionekele, iyi ndi nthabwala yosangalatsa ya mavu. Ponena za mtundu wouluka, pali kale fanizo ndi mileme.
Kodi Carduelis amakhala kuti?
Ma Goldfinches asankha malo otseguka a North Africa, Asia Little, ndi Western Siberia. Koma nyengo za kumpoto kwa Europe sizikugwirizana nawo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamak Carduelis adagawana okhaokha madera omwe amakhala. Nthawi zambiri amasankha mitengo yamtengo wapatali, minda ndi minda yamtchire, pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Chapakatikati, ma golide amatenga maukwati, amawuluka kuchokera malo ena kupita kwina, mpaka atasankha malo okhalamo.
Pakutha kwa chilimwe, Carduelis amayamba kujowina - ndizosavuta kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu. Komabe, mbalame zina zimachoka kudziko lakwawo, kukakhala nyengo yozizira kumayiko otentha akum'mwera. Chifukwa chake, sizipereka chifukwa chofotokoza momveka bwino kuti carduelis ali m'gulu la mbalame zosamukira. Kupatula apo, pali mitundu yosiyana yomwe imatha kulekerera kutentha pang'ono.
Mtengo wa Carduelis samangokhala ndi luso lokongola lamawu komanso kukongola kwamisala kwamapulogalamu. Mbalamezi zimaseseratu tizirombo ta mbewu zaulimi, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kwa eni malo.
Khalidwe la mbalame
Kutchulidwa kwina kulikonse komwe kumatha kusiyanitsa mtundu wina wamtima wamkati sikumawonedwa. Kusiyana kochulukirapo kulipo mu mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa mawu, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Amamanga zisa m'mitengo.
Kuyandikana kwa awiriwiri a vivo mbalame sazindikira. Chifukwa chake kuti mtunda wautali pakati pa zisaonedwa kuti ndi wabwinobwino. Mbalame zimakwera kunthambi zazitali kwambiri, komwe, ngati mawotchi, zimazungulira mbali ina kapena ina, ndipo, kuposa apo, zikuwoneka kuti sizimayima kwakanthawi.
Zachikazi zimatha kusiya chisa pazifukwa zina. Koma wamphongo, popanda kuganiza kwakanthawi, amathamangira kwa wokondedwa wake. Nthawi yomweyo amalankhulana. Ngati zikuchitika mu nthawi yophuka, kenako zokambirana, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana.
Mchitidwewu umathandizira kuti mtundu wa Carduelis upitirire kupitilira, sikuti umayendetsedwa mokhazikika, i.e. apa chisonkhezero chachikulu chimapezeka ndi malo. Ndizomveka chifukwa chake mitundu yomwe yasankha dera lomwe lili ndi nyengo yozizira sathamangira kumanga zisa. Mwambiri, nthawi ya carduelis imayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikutha kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ena a iwo amatha kuyikira ndi kuwaswa mazira ngakhale kawiri m'miyezi ingapo.
Panthawi yopanga zisa, Carduelis amawonetsa luso lapamwamba. Sikuti mbuye aliyense adzatha kupanga china chake chofunikira chidwi, chokhala ndi khungwa la mitengo kokha, mbewa zachitsulo ndi udzu?
Mbalame za Carduelis zili m'gulu la mbalamezi, ndizosavuta kucheza ndi anthu. Komanso sizovuta kuti mbalame zisamalire, kumvera ndikuwaphunzitsa momwe angachitire zanzeru zoyambira. Alandiratu monga ma macaw.
Ndizopindulitsanso kukhala ndi mbalame zamtima wabwino chifukwa zimadya pafupifupi pachilichonse chomwe mabungwe awo amawagwira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, kutengera mtundu wa carduelis, zokonda zitha kuperekedwa kokha ku mbewu zamasamba kapena, mosiyana, mbewu zobzalidwa. Komanso, tizilombo tiyenera kupezekanso m'zakudya.
Kufotokozera kwamtima
Kunja, mbalame yagolide yagolide imafanana ndi duwa lowala bwino. Kuphatikiza pa utoto wonyezimira, mbalameyi imakhala ndi mawu odabwitsa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imasungidwa. Izi si ziweto zokongola. Makina agolide, osakulirapo ngati mpheta wamba kukula, komabe, kukula sikukhudza chidwi cha mbalame.
Kuyimba kwake kodabwitsa ndikufanizira ndi nightingale kapena canary, ndipo ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha nyamayo, madzi osefukira amatha kusangalatsa chaka chonse. Pangokhala kanthawi kochepa kosungunuka, monga lamulo, golide wagolide wagoneka.
Kodi golidi wagolide amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Carduelis wamwamuna
Ma Goldfinches amakonda kupeza chakudya chawo limodzi ndi abale awo. Sakonda kuwuluka kuti adye okha. Gulu la zophatikiza golide ndizosatheka kuzindikira. Mbalame zambiri zowala, zokongola nthawi yomweyo zimawonekera. Gulu la maofesi agolide nthawi zambiri limayang'ana chakudya m'minda, m'minda, kumidzi, kumapeto kwa nkhalangoyi. Pomwe akusaka chakudya, amasiyanitsidwa ndi dexterity, elegance. Carduelis amatha kuyenda mwachangu ngakhale panthambi zowonda kuti afikire mbewu kapena mbozi.
Zakudya za Carduelis okhala zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo:
- tizilombo tina zovulaza. Mbalamezi zimatulutsa nkhalango, minda, mbewu zamitundu yambiri. Mtunduwu umayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu,
- mbewu. Amadya nthangala za ma cones, nthula, burdock, mbewu zina zambiri,
- kubzala chakudya. Mbalame zikaona kuti sizikusowa nthangala ndi tizilombo, zimathanso kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi chakudya chamasamba: masamba, nthambi zowonda, udzu,
- mphutsi, mbozi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achikulire kwambiri. Zakudya zotere zimapezeka makamaka podyetsa ana.
Chochititsa chidwi: Pokhala ndi kudyetsa, Carduelis amasankha gawo lawolawo, poganiza kuti kwawo ndi kwawo. Mbalame zazing'onozi sizimakonda mpikisano, chifukwa chake zimatha kumenya nkhondo ndi mbalame zina, zomwe zidaganiza zokhala ndi pompopompo.
Monga taonera kale, Carduelis nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kunyumba. Kuti adye, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi: hemp, pine, dandelion, plantain, mphutsi, tizilombo tating'ono, osakaniza Canary, masamba, zitsamba, zipatso, maqanda. Tisaiwale za kufunika kwa madzi abwino. Mbalame izi zimakonda madzi. Iyenera kusinthidwa kawiri pa tsiku.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Carduelis ndi m'modzi mwa oimira mbalame, omwe machitidwe awo ogonana samadzionetsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mawonekedwe owoneka samasiyanitsa Carduelis wa "Mnyamata" ndi "msungwana". Makalidwe a akazi ndi onse ali ofanana. Ndipo izi ndizovuta zazikulu kwa iwo omwe akufuna kugula carduelis. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri amuna amayimba mu mbalamezi.
Amayimba mokongola komanso mochulukirapo panthawi ya "kuitana ndege" akafuna kukopa chidwi cha akazi. Akatswiri ena otsogola amati akazi amatha kuimba, koma ndizosatheka kuneneratu izi zisanachitike.
Ngakhale - kuyimba kwa akazi ndi kosangalatsa komanso kokongola. Koma ngati muli ndi mwayi komanso mutakhala ndi nyimbo - musazengereze, idzakusangalatsani ndi nyimbo yake kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupatula apo, Carduelis amaimbidwa ngakhale kumbuyo kwa zitsulo, pomwe nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 20. Komanso, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nyimbo zopitilira makumi awiri mu repertoire yawo. Chifukwa chake, kwa makasitomala omwe amafunitsitsa kugula nyimbo yotsimikizika kapena ingokhala ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, upangiri wathu wosatsutsika.
Pofuna kumvetsetsa kuti ndi mbalame yanji yomwe imagonana, ndibwino kuyiganizira osati payekhapayekha, koma pagulu. Mwachitsanzo, iwo amene akufuna kusankha wamkazi amakhala bwino akungoyang'ana mbalame yakuwala. Komabe zimasiyana pakawonekedwe kakang'ono, kumveka bwino komanso kukongola kwa maula. Amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, umakhala wokhutira.
Ndiyeneranso kuyang'anira kukula kwa mbalamezo. Monga zimayembekezeredwa mu nyama zambiri, yamphongo ndi yayikulu kuposa wamkazi kukula. Ali ndi thupi lalikulupo, komanso mulomo. Komanso, mutapendereranso, mwaimuna, mdera lomwe mbali ziwiri za mulomo zatsekedwa, tsitsi lalitali pang'ono lazowoneka bwino limawoneka, lomwe limawoneka ngati m'mbali mwa masharubu mwa amuna. Chifukwa chake, kuyerekezera ndikuwonetsetsa bwino tsatanetsataneyo kudzathandiza kugula nyama yoyenera.
Mtundu wakuda wonenedwa pamutu wachikaziwo umayera. Mtanda wopezeka kumbuyo kwa Carduelis wachikazi uli ndi imvi. Kuzungulira maso achikazi kuli "mivi" yambiri yakuda ya nthenga zakuda. Chifukwa chake, ziwembu zofiira zoyera sizimafika ku iris. Mwaimuna, kumtunda kwa mafiyamu ofiira, kumakhala, kumakhudza diso, osagwirizana ndi stroko yakuda.
Mitundu ya Carduelis
Kumayambiriro kwa nkhani yathu, mafotokozedwe a zofala kwambiri, koma kutali ndi mitundu yokhayo ya carduelis, mutu wakuda umaperekedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ina ingapo yomwe imasiyana osati malo, komanso deta yakunja.
Woyimira pang'ono ndi golide wokhala ndi imvi.Kutalika kwa thupi lake kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira kukhoza kufika masentimita khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri, mosiyana ndi masentimita khumi ndi awiri opanda mutu. Mtunduwu ukufalikira kuchokera kumpoto kwa India mpaka kumadera akumwera kwa Siberia.
Mtundu wa mutu wake ulibe matupi akuda ndi oyera, palinso mawonekedwe owala akhungu loyera thupi lake. Mtundu waukulu wa manambala athupi lanu ndiwotuwa kwambiri, kuzungulira mulomo, womwe ndi wofiyira.
Linnet ndi mtundu wina wa carduelis. Amasiyana osati akunja kokha, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a kugonana. Zachikazi sizimawoneka zokopa, koma anyani amphongo oyenda mochenjera. Chapakatikati, mimba zawo zimapakidwa bulauni ndi mbali zoyera. Ndipo chifuwa ndi gawo lalikulu la thupi limasiyanitsidwa ndi ma tupi ofiira, omwe azimayi, mwatsoka, amakanidwa.
Mbalamezi zimakhazikika kumaiko a Eurasia, komanso kumadzulo kwa North Africa. Linnet limasiyana osati mu data yakunja, komanso zomwe amakonda. Mukuwona, mtundu uwu wa carduelis umakonda kuyimba limodzi. Komanso, "nyimbo" sizimveka zopanda ntchito. Kuyimba kwawo ndi kogwirizana komanso kopitilira muyeso.
Goldfinch greenfinch ali ndi mthunzi wobiriwira wa nthenga kumbuyo kwake. Mtundu wobiriwira umafikanso pamutu, mapiko ndi mchira wa mbalameyo. Mchira ndi mapiko agawika malo amvi ndi obiriwira, khosi ndi imvi. Kukula kwake, mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi mpheta. Tsoka ilo, koma kuyimba kwake kuli ngati mpheta. Kugula mtundu wamtundu wa Carduelis, simuyenera kudalira madzi osefukira; nyimbo zake zimakhala ngati njuchi.
Siki yoyaka moto ndiye woimira gulamu wowala kwambiri wa mitundu iwiri. Gawo lalikulu la thupi lake laling'ono limapakidwa utoto wowoneka ngati malalanje. Amatsimikiziridwanso bwino ndi ziwembu zakuda ndi zoyera.
Kuthengo, amabwera pamodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, akukhala kudera lotentha, nkhalango ndi minda yotentha. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano zimatha kupezeka m'malo osowa kwambiri m'chipululu cha Venezuela, chifukwa chokongola mawonekedwe awo, mbalamezi zidagwidwa mosagwirizana.
Habitat, malo okhala
Carduelis ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kukhala kutali ndi zigawo zakumpoto za dziko lapansi. Malo omwe amakhala kwawo amakhala ku North Africa ndi Central Asia, ndipo ma golide agolide amapezekanso ku Western Siberia, Asia Minor ndi Europe, kupatula zigawo zawo zakumpoto.
Mutha kukumana nawo kum'mwera kwa Scandinavia kapena Finland. Mitundu ya mbalame imafikira kumadera akumpoto a Africa.
Iwo ndi mafani a minda yosanja komanso nkhalango. Ngakhale zomwe amakonda zimasiyanabe kutengera mitundu ya mbalame zinazake, onse a Carduelis mosakondera amakonda minda. Mu nthawi yophukira, mbalamezi zimapanga magulu awiriawiri kuti zibereke ana, kenako ndikupita kukawafunafuna malo, mwa malingaliro awo, abwino kwambiri pomanga chisa.
Carduelide gawo
Carduelis ndi cholumikizira chofunikira mumtambo wazakudya. Ndizoyendayenda m'nkhalangoyi, chifukwa zimatha kuchotsa tizirombo tomwe timamera pamitengo ya mitengo ndi mbewu. Kusiya nyumba zawo, amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti akapeze chakudya.
Nthawi zambiri, zoweta za carduelis zimapezeka kumidzi ndi kumayiko olemera ndi tizilombo kapena mbewu. Gawo lalikulu la zakudya limagwera nthangala za mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Zonse zimakwanira mosakondera, koma nthula ndi nthangala za burdock zimawonedwa ngati zokondedwa.
Munthawi yakusowa kwa chakudya cha mbewu, amasinthana ndi menyu wazomera wokhala ndi masamba ndi thunthu loonda. Mphutsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa ana. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zopangidwa ndi mafakitale ngati chakudya chokonzera nyumba.
Mwanjira imeneyi ndi pomwe ziweto zimatha kukonza mndandanda wosiyanasiyana monga kuthengo. Nthawi yomweyo, obalaza ophwanyika, amadyera owuma kapena achisanu, ndi dzira la dzira yophika amakhala ovala bwino pamwamba. Monga chakudya cha nyama, mphutsi za nyerere ndi mphutsi za ufa ndizofunikira.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Mbalame zomwe zimaberekera golidefinch mwachindunji zimatengera zamtundu wake, komanso malo omwe adzapatsidwe mpaka kalekale. Kuthengo, nthawi yoswana imayandikira kuphulika. Ndipo ntchito yomanga chisa cha banja yatha mu Meyi. Nyumbayo imawoneka bwino komanso yopanda chidwi, idapangidwa mwaluso kuchokera kuzinthu zopezeka pafupi kuti ziphatikizane ndi malowa. Yaimuna imanyowa wamkazi, pambuyo pake imakhala yopanda ntchito.
Ngati awiriwo akusungidwa mu khola lomwelo, ndibwino kukhazikitsanso mwamunayo mutathira umuna. Ndipo wamkazi amayamba kukonza chisa. Kuthengo, imagwiritsa ntchito nthambi zing'onozing'ono, nsanza, mbewa, furu yabwino, etc. ngati zida zomanga. Ali mu ukapolo, amafunikira kupereka izi mwakanthawi.
Chisa chotsirizidwa, chachikazi chimayikira mazira okongola. Kukongola kwake ndikuti amabiriwira pamtali wa utoto wofiirira. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala pafupi ndi khola. Pambuyo kuwaswa, anapiye amatuluka, omwe amatha milungu ingapo atatha kudzilamulira okha.
Mbalame ya Goldfinch. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, moyo ndi malo a Carduelis carduelis
M'nkhalango zachilendo, mapaki, minda, minda yakhitchini ndi malo owonongeka, mungapeze mbalame yowala kwambiri ngati mpheta, Carduelis. Mzere wofiyira wambiri kuzungulira mlomo ndi kumbuyo kwamaso m'masaya ndi m'mimba ndikugwira. Chifuwa chimakhala chofiirira, chisoti chachifumu, kumbuyo kwa mutu komanso nsonga za mapiko ndi zakuda ndi mzere wawung'ono wachikasu. Chachikazi chimakhala chosasiyana ndi chilichonse chachimuna.
Goldfinch Mbengo: Kufotokozera
Goldfinch amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pamitengo ndi zitsamba. Carduelis amakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo kumapeto kwake amasonkhana pagulu ndipo amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Amadyetsa makamaka mbeu za namsongole - burdock, burdock, sorelo wamahatchi. Carduelis ndiwofatsa kwambiri ndipo amaloledwa pafupi, kukulolani kuti muwone momwe mbalame zimakhalira ndi mbewu.
Ndikayamba masika, gulu la Carduelis amabwerera kwawo ndipo amagawika magulu awiriawiri kuti akapiye. Amapanga zisa pamipanda, mitengo yazipatso ndi mitengo ina yabwino. Mu chisa, chachikazi chimayala zobiriwira 4-5 kapena zofiirira zofiirira zofiirira, zomwe amadzilimbitsa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Mkazi m'modzi amamanga chisa, ndipo champhongo chimabwera ndi nyimbo zake zabwino.
Nyimbo ya Carduelis ndiyosangalatsa komanso yosiyanasiyana. Akuyimba, sakhala phee, koma amatembenuka mbali ndi mbali.
Nthawi zina amapezeka komanso okondedwa kwambiri ndi okonda Carduelis, mu nyimbo yomwe nyimbo zake zimamveka, zofanana ndi kulira kwa belu. Amatengera mafuko amtundu wina mosavuta kuchokera ku nyimbo za mbalame zina.
Goldfinch sachita mantha ndi kuzizira: m'masiku ozizira bwino nyimbo yake yaphokoso imamveka yosangalatsa kuposa masiku amasiku otentha. Mkazi samayimba nyimbo.
Nkhuku zimadyetsedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zake. Popita nthawi yotentha, Carduelis amakhala ndi nthawi yakukula ana awiri, kenako anapiye akuluakulu ndi achinyamata amayamba kuuluka limodzi ndikudya zipatso za zitsamba zosiyanasiyana.
Goldfinch amamuzolowera munthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amatulutsa nthangala molunjika m'manja mwake. Ma Goldfinches amatha kusungidwa mumakhola wamba okhala ndi mafupa am'madzi ndi kabati yazitsulo okhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 30X25X20 (ndipo makamaka pokhapokha, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsa mbalame zopanda mphamvu). Mbalame imadyetsedwa ndi chisakanizo cha tirigu: mapira 40%, hemp 10%, mbewu za canary 10%, linse 10% ndi mbewu za burdock 30%. Kuphatikiza apo, katatu pa sabata ndikofunikira kupatsa ant pupae (mazira) osakanizidwa ndi kaloti wowotchera ndi mikate yoyera yophwanyika, komanso zidutswa za maapulo otsekemera, amadyera ndi chakudya chamchere - choponderezedwa choko kapena mwala wankhonya. Selo izikhala ndi madzi oyera komanso oyera nthawi zonse.
Ndi kusamalitsa mosamalitsa komanso kudyetsedwa koyenera, golide wagolide amakhala mu ukapolo kwanthawi yayitali. Carduelis imatha kukhala ndi canary yachikazi ndikupeza ma hybrids, omwe amawayerekezera ndi canaries amakhala amdima komanso amtundu wofiirira kuzungulira mulomo, ngati carduelis, koma mthunzi wosazungulira. Zophatikiza zachimuna zimakhala ndi mawu onenepa.
Tags: za Carduelis a ana, kufotokozera, mbalame ya carduelis, chithunzi, momwe angadyetse, kukonza nyumba.
Motley ndi warbler wa banja lansipanali adatchedwa dhahabufinch (lat. Carduelis Carduelis) pazifukwa ziwiri. Woyamba mwa iwo ndi zovala zake zabwino komanso zowala. Chifukwa chachiwiri chikukhudzana ndi dzina la Chilatini la mbalame. "Carduus" m'Chilatini amatanthauza nthula yemwe mbewu zokongola zake amakonda kudya.
Mbalameyi ndiyonso yaying'ono kukula, pafupifupi kukula kwa mpheta. Kulemera kwa ma golide agolide akuluakulu kumakhala pafupifupi 20 g, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mpaka 12 cm, mapiko ndi pafupifupi masentimita 22-25. Ma golide agolide amakhala ndi mutu wowonda kwambiri, wosweka wokhala ndi mutu wozungulira, khosi lalifupi komanso mulomo wawung'ono.
Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kuchokera ku mitundu ina ndi kukhalapo kwa mitundu yowala yachikaso, yofiyira, yakuda ndi yoyera mumaulu. Carduelis wamkulu ali ndi zokongoletsera ziwiri pamutu pake - chipewa cha nthenga zakuda ndi malire ofiira a bezel. Mwa abambo, lingaliro lotere ndilofalikira kuposa chachikazi, kotero kuti amatha kusiyanitsidwa, chifukwa apo ayi samasiyana. Masaya a Carduelis ndi oyera, kumbuyo ndi kofiirira, pamimba pali ofiira. Mchira wake ndi mapiko ake ndi zakuda bii ndi mawanga achikaso ndi mikwaso yoyera.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: chachikazi Goldfinch chachikazi
Carduelis amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika. Nthawi yawo yambiri amathera paketi, akusunthasuntha kuchokera kumalo amodzi kupita kwina. Izi ndi nyama zogwira ntchito. Siziwoneka mwamtendere atakhala pa nthambi. Ma Goldfinches amakonda kuuluka ndikuchita bwino. Amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga, nthawi zonse amaoneka kuti ndi owala chifukwa cha mbalame zina.
Ntchito ina yomwe mbalamezi zimakonda ndikuimba. Amayimba kwambiri, amakhala ndi mawu osangalatsa. M'mawu awoawo, ndalama iliyonse yagolide imakhala ndi zovala zopitilira makumi awiri. Nyimbo zina zimakhala zosakomera kumva kwa anthu, zokumbutsa mawu amanjenje. Koma nyimbo zambiri za Carduelis ndizabwino kwambiri, zofanana ndi nyimbo za canaries. Chofunikira kwambiri mwa mbalamezi ndi luso lawo lapadera loloweza pamtima ndikusewera mawu osamveka.
Makhalidwe a carduelis atha kufotokozedwa ngati odekha. Mbalame zimayenda mosavuta pagulu lalikulu. Nyama sikuwonetsanso mkwiyo kwa munthu, imazolowera mwachangu. Ndi njira yoyenera, mutha kukweza chiweto chanzeru, chomvera kuchokera ku mtima. Kukhumudwa kwa carduelis kumawonekera pokhapokha polimbana ndi gawo komanso nthawi yoteteza ana awo. Mbalamezi zimachita nsanje kwambiri ndi gawo lawo, osalola alendo kusawadziwa, ndipo amatha kumenya nkhondo ndi mbalame yomwe idakhalako.
Mawonekedwe Amphamvu
Monga nthumwi zina za banja labwino, Carduelis ndi mbalame yokongola. Mwachilengedwe, amadya nthangala za zitsamba zamtchire - nthula, dandelion, burdock, mpendadzuwa, chicory, mpendadzuwa. Mlomo wakuthwa komanso wocheperako umalola Carduelis kupukusa mbewu, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumaluwa omata.
Ma Goldfinches amadyetsa anapiye awo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndipo iwonso nthawi zina amawonjezera zakudya zawo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Zovala zagolide
Zomwe zimachitika pakubala, kutalika kwa nyengo ya kubereka komanso zina zokhudzana ndi ana zimadalira mitundu ya Carduelis ndi malo omwe amakhala nthawi zonse. Mwachilengedwe, Carduelis amayamba kuchulukana ndi kufunafuna wokwatirana naye kumapeto kwa February. Potentha, nthawi yakukhwima ikhoza kuyamba kumayambiriro. Mbalamezi zimakhazikika mwachangu ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kumanga chisa chawo.
Njira yopangira chisa cha mtima wamtima uli ndi zina:
- zonse zimachitika ndi mkazi,
- mawonekedwe a nyumba ya carduelis amafanana ndi mbale zokutira,
- chisa chimapezeka pamitengo yayitali, kutali ndi thunthu. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyamayi ikuyesetsa kuteteza ana amtsogolo kwa adani
- chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a udzu, mbewa, nyemba, ulusi wam'madzi, mizu.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, nthawi zambiri ma Carduelis amagawika pawiri, amakhala ndi chisa chawo. Kenako, gawo lalikulu limaperekedwa kwa wamwamuna. Amayenera kutenga mkazi. Akazi amayikira mazira pafupi ndi chilimwe. Mu malo amodzi mumakhala mazira pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi. Mazira ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wopepuka wa chipolopolo. Yaikazi imakola iwo kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri, kenako anapiyewo.
Kukula kwachinyamata kwathunthu ndikusamalidwa ndi makolo kwa milungu ina iwiri. Kenako ali okonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha, chifukwa chake amathamangira mnyumbamo mwachangu. Komabe, poyamba, kukula kwachichepere kumakonda kukhala pafupi ndi chisa cha kholo, chifukwa kwakanthawi ambiri makolo amadyetsa ana awo ndi tizilombo ndi mphutsi.
Kufalikira mu chilengedwe komanso kusamuka
Mwa moyo, Carduelis adasankhidwa ndi madera ambiri. Europe, Asia, North Africa, Caucasus, Western Siberia ... Komwe kumapezeka mbalameyi! Koma zopanga zagolide sizimakonda kusuntha. Mbalame zimakonda kukhala malo okhala komanso malo, chifukwa zimatero zimangoyenda mozizira kwambiri. Kenako Carduelis ochokera kumpoto chakum'mawa amapita kumwera.
M'magawo onse omwe amagawidwa, Carduelis amasankha mbali zowala za nkhalango zowoneka bwino, mapaki, ndi minda yokhala ndi malo okhala. Sakonda nthito zazingwe, koma khalani pansi pomwe pali zitsamba zambiri ndi namsongole kuti adzipezere chakudya - mbewu zingapo.
Adani achilengedwe a Carduelis
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Goldfinch
Mawonekedwe owala, achilendo a Carduelis ndiye mwayi wawo waukulu pakati pa mbalame zina. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imakhala chifukwa cha mbalameyi. Kuchokera pamtundu wamtundu wa Carduelis ndizovuta kudziwa zomwe zimadya. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mbalame zolusa zimayesetsa kusaka mbalamezi. Chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi, akambuku ndi zina zolusa zimagwira mwakachetechete mlengalenga kapena pansi, pomwe omalizirawo amasaka chakudya.
Palibe chowopsa kwa Carduelis ndi nyama zina zolusa. Ankhandwe, zofiyira, nsapato, amphaka amtchire samakondanso kukondwerera mbalamezi. Izi zimawavuta. Zimasaka mbalame pansi, pomwe carduelis amayang'ana tizilombo kapena mbewu kuti adye. Chovuta chagona chifukwa choti ma carduelis nthawi zambiri amadya m'matumba. Wotsogola amayenera kutenga gawo limodzi lokha mosasamala, popeza gulu lonse limapita kumwamba.
Agologolo, akhwangwala, othandizira nkhuni nawonso ndi adani a zokumbira zagolide. Nyamazi zimakonda kupha zisa. Amaputa anapiye opanda chitetezo pomwe makolo awo kulibe. Agologolo amaba mazira. Nthawi zina ziweto zimatha kuvulaza mbalame. Amphaka amatha kugwira mosavuta ndikudya mbalame yaying'ono. Komabe, izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Carduelis amakonda kukhala kutali ndi nyumba za anthu. Ndipo, zoonadi, mdani wa zofukiza zagolide ndi munthu. M'mayiko ena, anthu amagwira mbalamezi mwadala kuti azisamalira m'nyumba, koma si aliyense amene amadziwa kusamalira nyama yotere, ndipo imafera mu ukapolo nthawi yomweyo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Goldfinch ku Russia
Mitundu ya carduelis imaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, mwa yomwe Carduelis imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri. Nyama izi zimaswana mwachangu, zimatha kupirira nyengo zosiyanasiyana, kupatula nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Carduelis si mbalame zomwe zili pangozi. Malo awo otetezera: Zovuta Zosafunikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi, mbalame zimasunga mitundu yake ndikuchuluka kwake.
Kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumalo achilengedwe ndizokhazikika. Mbalame sizisamukira, zimangokhala. Mwanjira yapadziko lonse, kuchuluka kwa ma Carduelis ndikokhazikika, koma pali ma subspecies omwe akuyenda pang'onopang'ono koma akutsikira. Zinthu zingapo zimabweretsa vuto pa kuchuluka kwa mtima. Zofunikira kwambiri ndizodula mitengo yayikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zoyipa pokonza minda ndi minda. Mwanjira imeneyi, munthu amangolanda nyama chakudya ndi pogona.
Zochititsa chidwi: Carduelis ndi mbalame zazing'ono koma zamtendere. M'mikhalidwe yamtchire, amakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zitatu, ali mu ukapolo - zaka zoposa khumi.
M'mayiko ena, Carduelis adayamba kutetezedwa ndi boma. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi chidwi chowonjezeka cha anthu mu mbalame zowoneka bwino izi. Anthu adayamba kugwira zikwama zagolide kuti aziwasunga kunyumba. Komabe, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti golide wamtchire adzakhalabe wamtchire. Ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera zomwe ndizoyenera kukonzanso nyumba.
Carduelis ndi mbalame zokongola, zokongola ndi mawu odabwitsa. Mitengo yawo yokopa imakondweretsa, koma si zabwino zokhazokha za nyama. Chofunikanso chimodzimodzi thandizo lawo. Carduelis amadya tizirombo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Komanso golide - mbalame yomwe imatha kukhala chakudya chokhulupirika, chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa. Ma Goldfinches apakhomo atha kugulidwa pafupifupi mgulu lililonse lalikulu la ziweto.
Mitundu ya mbalame
Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya Carduelis ndi imvi komanso imvi. Carduelis onenepa kwambiri komanso Yemen amakhalanso pawokha. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yambiri ya mbalameyi.
Goldfinch Goldfinch ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri yagolide. Malo ake akuluakulu amaphatikizapo Europe, West Asia ndi North Africa. Golide wa mutu wakuda amatchedwanso wofala ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa "mawonekedwe" achilendo a mbalameyi. Thupi laling'ono, chophimba chakuda kumutu kwake, masaya oyera, malire ofiira, mapiko akuda ndi achikaso - izi ndi zomwe mawonekedwe am'maso akuda agolide.
Wokhazikika ku Asia ndi Siberia. Amasiyana ndi mnzake mumakakulidwe akuluakulu komanso mtundu wowala. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimayang'aniridwa ndimtundu wa bulauni ndi imvi, mitundu yoyera - yoyera, yakuda - palibe. Koma mkombero wofiyira kuzungulira mulomo, ngati khadi yochezera yamtunduwu, umadziwikanso ndi golide wamutu wagolide.
Ma Goldfinches afotokozeratu kuchepa kwa kugonana. Wamkazi amakhala wopepuka pang'ono kuposa wamphongo, koma amasiyananso mukuimba nyimbo zosamveka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake okonda mawonekedwe a nyimbo amalangizidwa kuti azikhala ndi mtima wachimayi. Kuphatikiza apo, malire ofiira ozungulira mulomo wa akazi ndi opapatiza ndipo safika pamaso, mosiyana ndi amphongo.
Carduelis amasintha kwambiri kutengera nyengo yakukhala. Omwe akukhala kumpoto kwa mtunda nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo komanso opaka utoto, ndipo ma carduelis akumwera ndi owala komanso ang'ono.
Goldfinch sikuti amangokhala wokongola komanso wogwirizana, komanso ali ndi mawonekedwe amtendere komanso ochezeka. Chifukwa chake, ndizotchuka kwambiri pakati paokonda mbalame monga chiweto.
Kuti mukhale ndi mtima wokongola, muyenera khola osachepera 50 cm mulitali ndi mizere iwiri ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana ndi mphinjika. Mwachilengedwe, ma carduelis samagwera pansi, nthawi zonse amakonda kuwuluka ndikuyenda, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti awapangire bata kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, Carduelis amafunikira kuwala kwambiri ndipo amawopa kukonzekera. Zonsezi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukayika cell. Ngati mbalameyo siyichita bwino, khola limakutidwa ndi minofu yowala.
Ma Goldfinches amafunikiranso mbale yayikulu yakumwa ndi tank losambira losiyanamo.
Ration ya carduelis ikhala yosakanizika yofanana ndi mbewu za spruce, paini, hemp, dandelion, mpendadzuwa, plantain. Kusakaniza kwa Canary kumakhalanso bwino kwa carduelis. Panthawi yosungunuka, chakudya cha nyama chimawonjezeredwa - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nyongolotsi, michere yowonjezera - choko, dongo, mwala wa chipolopolo, miyala yaiwisi yaiwisi, chakudya chobiriwira - masamba, zipatso, amadyera.
Dyetsani mbalamezo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kawiri patsiku. Kuti musunthe pang'ono mtima, konzekerani chisakanizo cha kaloti wowiritsa ndi mazira.
Carduelis, monga nyama zonse zodya tirigu, amafunika madzi ambiri, omwe amasinthidwa kawiri patsiku.
Ngati amuna ndi akazi angapo atakhazikika m'khola lalikulu, atha kupanga awiriawiri ndi mtundu. Chikazi chimanyamula chisa chamtima. Kuti achite izi, amafunika kuyika zida zomangira m'khola - nthenga, masamba, udzu, makungwa.
Pachimake chimodzi cha ma carduelis pamakhala mazira 5 abuluu kapena obiriwira, omwe, atatha masabata awiri ataswa, amwana amabadwa. Pafupifupi masiku 20 iwo amakula ndikukula, kenako nkusiya chisa.
- Carduelis adazolowera anthu, ndipo amatha kubwerera kwa mwiniwake atawamasula kuthengo,
- kunyumba, Goldfinch amakhala zaka 15,
- atachoka pachisa, namsongole amakula pafupi ndi chisa masiku enanso 6 mpaka 10, ndipo makolo adyetsa mbalamezo,
- ngati zikhazikika mu khola lomwelo la carduelis ndi canaries, zimatha kubereka ana olowa nawo limodzi, mbalame zosakanizidwa zoterezi ndizowala kwambiri ndipo zimayimba mokongola kwambiri.
Kuyimba
Carduelis a amuna ndi akazi onse amayimba mokongola kwambiri. Onse m'chilengedwe komanso mu ukapolo, amalira pafupifupi chaka chonse, akungododometsa akungosungunuka. Kuyimba kwa Carduelis kumasiyanitsa mitundu 20 yopitilira muyeso.
Goldfinch - nyimbo. Zakhala zikutchuka kwambiri ndi okonda zachilengedwe. Ndizosangalatsa kumuwona kuthengo. Goldfinch ikuwoneka ndi maula owala ndipo mawu osangalatsa zomwe zimafalitsidwa. Kujambula kwake kumaphatikizapo zida zopitilira makumi awiri. Mwa mzimu wa nyenyezi yeniyeni, ali wokonzeka kupitiriza chiwonetsero chake tsiku lililonse.
Habitat
Malo okondweretsa mbalame ndi nkhalango zopepuka, zopepuka, mapaki, mabwalo, ndi malo obzala. Ziweto zawo zimapezeka m'malo owuma, malo osefukira am mitsinje kapena zipatso. Carduelis amakonda malo owala bwino ndipo samakonda nkhokwe zowuma.
Mlomo wotalika wautali ndiwofanana kugwidwa ndi tizilombo komanso kukoka mbewu kuchokera ku inflorescence. Carduelis amakonda zakudya zam'mera. Amadyetsa njere zamtchire ndi mbewu zobzalidwa, zimakhomera udzu wachichepere kasupe. Amakondwera kwambiri ndi burdock, nthula, burdock. Kupezeka kwa chakudya pafupifupi chaka chonse kunawonekera pakuphatikizidwa kwa mtima ndi malo okhala. Komabe, yankho lotsimikizika ku funso loti: ngati golide wagolide ndi mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi, kulibe.
Nthawi zambiri, Carduelis samasiya malo awo okhala. Mitundu yokhayo kuuluka nyengo yachisanu kumayiko otentha. Monga lamulo, zazikazi zimakhala mu ndege, ndipo nthawi yozizira yamphongo kumayiko awo. Posunga nyengo yozizira, ma Carduelis osamukira amasankha gombe la Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Central Asia. Chifukwa chake, ma carduelis ena ndi mbalame zosamukira, ndipo zina sizili.
Nyengo yoswana ndi kubereka
Kulera mbalame kumadalira malo awo: kumpoto kwa dera lokhalamo, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba. Pakutha kwa dzinja, Carduelis amayamba kukhala m'mgulu la anthu (oposa 40). Pamodzi amapanga ndege zazifupi posaka chakudya. Pofika kutentha, magulu awiriawiri amatsimikizika mkati mwa gululo omwe amayamba kuyang'ana pawokha malo osungira chonde.
Ntchito yomanga chisa ichitika mu Meyi. Zofunika pamalo omangawo ndi nthambi zazitali za mitengo yolingana kuchokera kumtengo ndi pansi. Monga zokongoletsa zina, mafuta opangidwa ndi golide wakuda ndiwopanga modabwitsa. Chisa chimakhala chowumbika nthawi zonse, cham'mphepete ndi malo ozimiramo. Mbali yamkati imakhala ndi zopindika zoonda zam'mera, moss, ndere. Makoma akunja ali pafupifupi kuphatikiza ndi khungwa la mtengowo. Kupeza chisa siophweka. Zobisa zazikulu - Chitetezo kwa alendo osadziwika: olusa, njoka kapena anthu.
Kupereka kuyika kwa malo okhala mbalame, machitidwe odzikuza aamuna amatha. Amakonda kukhala pamwamba pa mtengo pamwamba pa chisa chake ndikusefukira ndikuyimba. Pakadali pano, akufanana ndi waluso weniweni - amapanga kusuntha kwamitundu yonse, maula, mauta. Koma machitidwe ake adangolembera wowonera m'modzi - wamkazi. Amayankha kuitana ndipo banjali limaliza nyimboyo limodzi.
Mu chisa, chachikazi chimayikira mazira aang'ono a 4-6 panthawi. Kutalika kwakukulu kumangokhala masentimita 1.6-11.8 Mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana, kutengera mitundu ya makolo. Mtundu, mazira a carduelis akhoza kukhala:
- Mtundu.
- Buluu.
- Choyera mu chidutswa chofiira.
Nthochi zimaswa pakatha milungu iwiri. M'masabata oyamba amoyo, anapiye amakhala ngati anthu osatetezeka. Nthawi zonse makolo amadyetsa nsabwe za m'maso zawo. Chifukwa chake, kupulumutsa m'minda ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pang'onopang'ono, ana amasinthana kubzala chakudya ndikuyamba kudya njere, monga akulu akulu a mtima.
Gulu la mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera zigawo zimatha kupangira ana awiri a anapiye nthawi imodzi. Anapiye achikulirewo amasiya chisa cha makolo awo, koma poyamba amakonda kukhazikika pafupi. Ndi kugwa kokha sonkhanani m'magulu ndi mbalame zazing'ono zomwezo ndikuuluka kupita kwina.
Kukonzekera kwa khungu
Ndi kuyimba kwawo komanso maula ambiri owoneka bwino, Carduelis adakopa chidwi cha anthu kwa nthawi yayitali. Mafani a melodic trill adagwira makamaka nkhalango zam'madzi ndikukhala kunyumba. Zinapezeka kuti mbalameyi ilinso ndi mwayi wina wofunikira. Goldfinch amayamba kuzolowera ukapolo ndikuzolowera moyo kunyumba. Amatengera mawu atsopano, amaphunzira misampha yosiyanasiyana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nkhalangoyi ikhale yodziwika kwambiri mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri kusamalira m'nyumba.
Kuti mukhale ndi nyengo yabwino, chiweto chokhala ndi mapiko chimafunikira khola lokwanira (kutalika kwa 40-50 cm). Zoyenera Kwambiri mitengo yamatabwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo. Mtunda pakati pawo soposa sentimita ndi theka. Kuti zitheke, pali mitengo yaying'ono mkati mwake, pomwe mbalame imakhala.
Khola lakhomalo limayikidwa pamalo abwino. M'nthawi yachilimwe, imatha kupita ku khonde kapena potetera. Kuti muthane kwambiri ndi zatsopano, ndikofunikira kuti khungu lomwe lili ndi carduelis likupezeka pamalo pomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala. Mwachitsanzo, m'khitchini kapena m'chipinda wamba. Chifukwa chake, mbalameyo imazolowera munthuyo mwachangu ndikusinthika.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ndege zazikulu zimapangidwa kuti zizisamalira mbalame. Oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala munthawi imodzimodzi mwa iwo. Carduelis amakhala omasuka m'malo oterowo, ngakhale amatha kuonetsa ulesi poyerekeza ndi ena okhala pamalopo.
Goldfinch - chithunzi cha amuna ndi akazi.
Kumanja mu chithunzi, Carduelis wachikazi
Carduelis ndi zovala zokhazokha za nyimbo zomwe zazimuna ndi zazikazi ndizosiyana mitundu. Chithunzi chomwe chili munkhaniyi kwa omwe adaganiza zoyamba kugula Carduelis, kusankha kwa mbalame kumakhala vuto nthawi zonse. Mukuti pali kusiyana kotani amene angagule mkazi kapena wamwamuna chachikulu! Amuna amayimba ndipo ena salipanso, koma kuyimbanso kwa akazi sikubwera ku Carduelis, ngakhale akatswiri ati kuti kuyimba kwa mkaziyo ndi kovunda kwambiri komanso kokongola, koma yesani kulingalira kuti ndi akazi ati omwe adzaimbe? Koma Carduelis ngakhale ali mu ukapolo amayimba kwambiri, pafupifupi chaka chonse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 20.
Mbalame ya Goldfinch - chithunzi chachikazi.
Pali zikwangwani zingapo zotsimikiza zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mudziwe mtundu wa mbalame:
- Chizindikiro choyamba komanso chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa Carduelis wachikazi ndi wamkazi kunyezimira, kumveka ndi kuyera kwa utoto wazambiri, Carduelis yachikazi ndiyosachedwa,
- Wamphongo anali wamkulu mwathupi kuposa wamkazi, ali ndi milomo yambiri, milili yakuda ikuwoneka mozungulira mulomo, ndipo pakadalipo tsitsi laling'ono lotchedwa "masharubu",
Golide wa mbalame yaimuna ndi yaikazi
- Mtundu wakuda wa "kapu" pamutu wamkati, simasiyana ndigolide,
- Carduelis yachikazi nthawi zonse imakhala yocheperako kukula, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osayenda, ndipo mtanda pamutuwu ndi wakuda,
- Mankhwala ofiira pamutu wa Carduelis wachikazi samafika m'maso,
- Komanso, monga kusiyana pakati pa chachikazi ndi chachimuna, wina nthawi zina amatha kupeza zofotokozedwera motere - mwa amuna mulifupi wa mzere wofiirira womwe umakhala pansi pa mulomo ndi 8-10 mm, mwa akazi - 4-6 mm, koma, mwatsoka, mwa mbalame zina Mzere uwu sungathe kukhala.
Komwe kuli mbalame mbalame.
M'minyama zamtchire, ma Carduelis amakonda kukhala pamphepete mwa nkhalango, m'minda ndi m'mapaki, ndi mapulo. Izi ndichifukwa choti wokondedwa zakudya zamtima ndi bokosi , komanso quinoa, nthula zazitali komanso chowawa sizimera pansi pa nkhalango, ndipo amakakamizidwa kuti akafufuze zakumwa zamtchire kunja kwa mudzi, kufunafuna chakudya pamafamu osiyidwa kale.
American Goldfinch - chithunzi
Mbidzi za mbalame za golide zagolide zimafanana ndi mbalame zina, mwachitsanzo, pamitengo yamautali, pamphepete mwa mapepala omwewo, minda ndi mapaki.
Kodi kugula Carduelis?
Kodi zopondera golide zimalowa kuti m'nyumba zathu? Kuchokera kumisika ndi m'masitolo, nthawi zambiri awa ndi mbalame zomwe zimagwidwa mumisampha yosiyanasiyana ndi okonda mbalame. Ndiyenera kunena kuti kugwira zovala za nyimbo kuli ngati matenda. Popeza ndinu kamodzi kokha, mutanyamula kakang'ono m'manja akanjenjemera uku, kukuyesani nkhondo, mutha kuyambiranso magulu a mbalamezi. Chifukwa chiyani ukundifunsa izi molakwika? Mwachitsanzo, bambo anga adaletsa kugwira mbalame ngati mwana chifukwa iwonso adalephera "kudwala" nawo, atadula pakati pa ana apamwamba kwambiri, kukhala awiriawiri, mpaka pafupifupi chaka chachiwiri.
Poyamba bambo adathawa kusukulu kuti akayang'ane misampha yake, kenako adadumpha kwathunthu. M'malo mopita kusukulu, adathawira kuchipululu kukagwira zigolide. Chifukwa chake, ndikukulangizani kuti muwerenge nkhani ya Mikhail Prishvin - "Goldfinch-turlukan", muphunzira zambiri zothandiza zokhudzana ndi mbalame yanzeru komanso yonyada iyi, komanso momwe amasaka ma golide ndi momwe amaimbira. Tsitsani kapena werengani nkhani ya Mikhail Prishvin "Goldfinch-turlukan." Mutha kuonanso kanema - momwe mungagwiritsire ma golide , ili m'munsi mwa tsambali.
A Goldfinches adakhala mnyumba yathu kuyambira nthawi yomwe ndimakumbukira. M'dzinja, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuchokera kumsika, bambo anga sanandigwiritse ntchito ma golide, ngakhale mapiko ndi zokutira nthawi zonse zimasungidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala m'khola lalikulu, nthawi zina pamayendedwe a ndege; Pofika masika, iwo adakhomera mbewu m'manja mwawo, ndikuwuluka mozungulira mozungulira nyumba, ndikukwera mu khola kokha usiku. Koma chakumapeto chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chidayamba, khola lomwe adasungika pamtima lidakhomedwa pamsewu, chitseko chidatsegulidwa, koma makhadiwo sanawonekere kufikira gulu la abale awo litawonekera, ndipo gulu la nkhosalo linawuluka nthawi yomweyo.
Zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri kuwonera ma golide athu akuyang'ana wokwatirana naye. Anathamangira pakati pa gululo ndi khola, anatsogolera banja lina m'khola lawo, nawuluka, koma atabwerako usiku kuti agone. Zinatenga milungu iwiri, koma chosangalatsa ndichakuti patatha pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka, mwina osati athu okha Carduelis, komanso ana awo afika kale kudzawachezera.
Mukudziwa mbalame ya golidi, mbalame yotsutsana modabwitsa, yokonda, poyamba, ngati siskin, osafuna kukhala mu ukapolo, wokonda kusankha, kusankha mtsogoleri mu paketi ndikumumvera kwathunthu. Komabe, mbalame ya golidi ndi mbalame yokhulupirika kwa mbuye wake, imatha kumuzindikira ndikupeza nyumba yake, ngati njiwa yonyamula.
Chifukwa chake, ndikulimbikitsa kuti muwerenge nkhani inanso yokhudza kukhulupirika kwa Shcheglova, mutha kuitsitsa ndikuwerenga. Ndikukhulupirira kuti sasiya mwana kapena munthu aliyense wopanda chidwi. Inemwini ndinachita chidwi ndi nkhaniyi yokhudzana ndi mtima wamasiku angapo, ndinakumbukira ubwana wanga ndipo ndichifukwa chake ndinasankha kulemba zomwe ndikukumbukira.
Powonjezera pang'ono kwa omwe aganiza kuti atenge mbalameyi, mitemboyo imayamba kuyimba mu ukapolo mofulumira, itatha miyezi iwiri, poyamba mwakachetechete komanso mosatsimikiza, ngati kuti kukuwa kapena kubera, ndiye mokweza kwambiri, ndipo pokhazokha ndikuzindikira inu, akutulutsa mawu okhathamira, nyimbo ngati nyimbo.
Mbalame za Carduelis zimamvetsetsa bwino tanthauzo la mawu ndi chikondi akamalankhula nawo. Ali ngati mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, atha kulowa kuyankhulana kwanu ndikuyesera kufuula TV. Ndikwabwino kusungira zolemba za golide kamodzi, koma ngati mungaganize zopanga zokhala ndi zoikamo golide mu khola limodzi, onetsetsani kuti mwakonza zoperekera zakumwa ziwiri ndi zakumwa ziwiri, apo ayi. ndewu pakati pa mtima osati kupewa. Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi amuna awiri amphongo kapena wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, wamkazi amasungidwa mumkhola womwewo ndi wamphongo, pazifukwa zina amakhala wolimba, ndibwino kusungitsa osayenera awiriwo kuti asungire mbalamezi ndikuwatalikirana patali.
Zithunzi ndi kanema wa Goldfinch 15 ndikuwona bwino kwa malongosoledwewo.
Mitundu / Mitundu - Carduelis Carduelis. Goldfinch wakuda akagolidefinch wamba