Nyanja ya Japan ndi dziko modabwitsa wokongola. Gawo lakummwera limasiyana kwambiri ndi kumpoto kwa nyengo komanso chikhalidwe cha gombe. Ngakhale kuti Sakhalin ndi zilumba Japanese nadzawasankhula nyanja ku nyanja, namondwe zambiri ikubwera kuno, chikhamu mafunde akuluakulu, zomwe zimachititsa nyanja ya Japan si kudzilimbitsa shipping. Palibe pogwiritsa wotchuka pano, koma nyanja imeneyi ili yofunika kwambiri chuma malonda a m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Russia.

1. Mphepo zamkuntho ndi kamvuluvulu nthawi zambiri zimadutsa pamwamba pa Nyanja ya Japan. Makamaka chiwerengero chawo n'chachikulu m'dzinja.

2. Bakuman mamita khumi kutalika si zachilendo, ndipo namondwe makamaka aakulu msinkhu wawo angakhale apamwamba.

3. Gawo lakumpoto la Nyanja ya Japan nthawi yozizira nthawi zambiri limazizira ndipo limakutidwa ndi ayezi.

4. nyanja ya Japan ali maina angapo. Kotero, anthu a Korea South kuzitcha izo Nyanja East, ndipo DPRK izo amatchedwa East Korea Sea. Mamapu a mayiko ambiri nthawi yomweyo akuwonetsa mayina awiri oyamba.

5. Anthu ena m'madzi a m'Nyanja ya la Japan amasamukira kum'mwera kwa mbali otentha kwa dzinja.

6. nyanja onse kutsuka Russia, ndi Japan kuti ali olemera mu nkhani za kuchuluka kwa zamoyo kukhalamo.

7. Mwa mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya nsomba. tikukhala mu nyanja ya Japan, mazana awiri ndi nsomba.

8.Also, ndi mitundu khumi kwa nsombazo moyo mu nyanja ya Japan. Mwamwayi, palibe ngakhale imodzi yomwe imapweteketsa munthu. Koma ndiye pali ting'onoting'ono modabwitsa kuti akhoza kupha ndi kukhudza munthu wa khungu.

Geography ndi nthaka

Nyanja ya Japan idapangidwa nthawi ya orogeneis pagawo la zisumbu zaku Japan ku Miocene.

Panopa, nyanja ya Japan okha ku Russia kumtunda komanso Sakhalin Island kumpoto, ku Korea Peninsula kumadzulo ndi zilumba Japanese wa Hokkaido, Honshu ndi Kyushu kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera. Iwo olumikizidwa kwa nyanja zina mwa m'mavuto zisanu: ndi Chitata Khwalala pakati pa Asia kumtunda komanso Sakhalin, ndi Laperouse Khwalala pakati Sakhalin ndi Hokkaido, ndi Tsugaru Khwalala pakati Hokkaido ndi Honshu, ndi Kangmon Khwalala pakati Honshu ndi Kyushu, ndi Korea Khwalala pakati pa Korea Peninsula ndi Kyushu.

Korea Strait ili ndi West Channel ndi Tsushima Strait mbali zonse za Chilumba cha Tsushima. Straits anapanga nthawi posachedwapa miyala. The wamkulu wa iwo ali Tsugaru ndi Tsushima. Chaposachedwa kwambiri ndi Laperouse Strait, yomwe idapangidwa zaka 60,000-11,000 zapitazo. m'mavuto onse osaya kwambiri ndi munthu pazipita akuya mamita pafupifupi 100 kapena zochepa. Izi saphunzira madzi kuwombola ndi nyanja, potero kusakonda nyanja ya Japan ku nyanja wapafupi ndi nyanja.

Nyanjayi imagawika magawo atatu: beseni la Yamato kumwera chakum'mawa, chigwa cha Japan kumpoto ndi chigwa cha Tsushima (chigawo cha Ullung) kumwera chakumadzulo Nyanjayi ya Japan ndi yochokera kunyanja ndipo ndi malo ozama kwambiri a nyanja, pomwe boti la Tsushima ndilopanda pake. ndi kuya pansipa 2300 m. The maalumali chokhala wa kunyanja lonse pa gombe kum'mawa, koma pa gombe kumadzulo, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja Korea, iwo ndi yopapatiza, ndi avareji pafupifupi 30 Km.

Kumpoto kuli mashelufu atatu osiyana (pamwamba pa 44 ° N). Iwo ndi masitepe pang'ono anapambutsa kum'mwera, ndi kumizidwa ankalemekeza pa kuya kwa 900-1400, 1700-2000 ndi 2300-2600 m. Chinthu otsiriza akutsikira zikuchepa kuti akuya pafupifupi 3,500 mamita kwa chapakati (kuya) gawo la nyanja. Pansi pa gawo ili ndi lathyathyathya, koma ali ndi zowaza zingapo. Komanso zitunda m'madzi kuuka kwa 3,500 mamita; iyo nkutha kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera kudutsa pakati pa chigawo chapakati.

The Japanese zone m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya nyanja imakhala ya Okudziri lokwera, Sado lokwera, Hakusan mabanki, Wakas lokwera ndipo Oka lokwera. Yamato Ridge ndiyachokera kuzungulira bara ndipo ili ndi granite, rhyolite, andesite ndi basalt. pansi pake m'goli ali ndi boulders thanthwe chiphala. Ambiri m'madera ena a m'nyanja akuchokera zikuluzikulu. Nyanja zofika mpaka 300 m ndizachilengedwe ndipo ndizophatikizidwa ndi matope, mchenga, miyala komanso miyala. Madipoziti pakati pa 300 ndi 800 mamita okutidwa ndi m'dambo hemipelagic (ndiye chiyambi theka-zikuluzikulu); m'dambo awa wapangidwa buluu matope wolemera mu organic. Pelagic miyala ya matope ofiira aziyankhula m'madera zakuya.

Palibe zilumba zazikulu munyanja. Ambiri mwa anthu ang'onoang'ono ili pafupi kugombe la kum'mawa, kupatula Ullyndo (Korea South). Zilumba zambiri kwambiri ndi: Moneron, Rebun, Risiri, Okushiri, Oshima, Sado, Okinoshima, Askold, Russian, Putyatin. Mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndiowongoka ndipo mulibe misewu yayikulu kapena zophimba, mitundu yamtunda ndiyosavuta pafupi ndi Sakhalin ndikuwomba kwambiri kuzilumba za Japan.

The kumalo yaikulu: Peter Wamkulu Bay, Sovetskaya Gavan, Vladimir Bay, Olga, Posyet Bay mu Russia, East Korea Bay mu Korea North, Ishikari (Hokkaido), Toyama (Honshu) ndi Wakasa (Honshu) mu Japan. capes otchuka monga Lazarev, Gromov, mu Russia, Krillon pa Sakhalin, Nosappu, Tappi, Rebun, Rishiri, Okushiri, Daso ndi Oka ku Japan, ndipo Musa Dan mu Korea North.

Momwe kuchuluka kwa mafunde padziko lonse kumachepera pakuyambilira kwa nyengo yomaliza yamadzi oundana, zovuta za Nyanja ya Japan zinauma ndikutseka chimodzi. Kuya ndipo, chotero, otsiriza chatsekedwa ndi kumadzulo njira ya Korea Khwalala. Pali kutsutsana ngati izi zachitika kapena ayi, akusandutsa nyanja ya Japan mu yaikulu ozizira kumtunda nyanja.

Nyengo

Nyengo ya ku Japan ndi yotentha. Kumpoto ndi kumadzulo mbali ya kunyanja yozizira kwambiri kuposa kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa. Mu miyezi ozizira (January - February), ambiri mpweya kutentha kumpoto kwa nyanja ndi za -20 ° C, ndi kumwera za +5 ° C. Nyama yotentha imabweretsa mpweya wotentha komanso wofunda. Wapakati kutentha kwa mwezi otchulidwa (August) m'chigawo chakumpoto ndi za +15 ° C, m'madera kum'mwera za +25 ° C. Mu autumn, chiwerengero cha chimphepo chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho mphepo ukuwonjezeka. Mafunde akulu kwambiri ali ndi kutalika kwa 8-10 m, ndipo ndi typhoon mafunde apamwamba amafikira kutalika kwa 13 m.

Mafunde

Pamwamba mafunde kupanga mkombero kuti imakhala ofunda Tsushima panopa mu Primorsky kum'mawa ndi ozizira kumadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe am'madzi akuchokera ku −1-0 ° C Kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kumafika ku + 10 - + 14 ° C kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa. Spring Kutentha kumatanthauza kuwonjezeka mwachilungamo mofulumira kutentha madzi mu nyanja. Mu chilimwe, kutentha pamwamba madzi limatuluka kuchokera 18-20 ° C mu kumpoto ndi kwa 25-27 ° C kum'mwera kwa nyanja. Kugawika kwa kutentha kwaima sikungofanana nyengo zosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyanja. Mu chilimwe, mu kumpoto kwa nyanja, kutentha kwa 18-10 ° iwowa C mu wosanjikiza wa 10-15 m, ndiye akutsikira zikuchepa kuti +4 ° C pa kaja 50 mamita ndipo kuyambira yakuya 250 m, kutentha sichitha pafupifupi 1 ° C. Mu chapakati ndi kum'mwera m'madera a kunyanja, kutentha madzi amachepetsa ndithu bwino ndi kuzama, nufikira +6 ° C pa kaja wa mamita 200, kuyambira akuya 250 m, kutentha magwiridwe padziko 0 ° C.

Mafunde

Mafunde mu nyanja ya Japan ali bwinobwino umaonetseredwa, kuti digiri wamkulu kapena wamng'ono, m'madera osiyanasiyana. Mlingo kusinthasintha apamwamba ali anamuona pa kwambiri kumpoto ndipo kwambiri m'madera kum'mwera. Kusintha kwa nyengo yam'madzi nyengo yam'madzi kumachitika nthawi yomweyo pamwamba pa nyanja yonse; kukwera kwakukulu kumawonedwa m'chilimwe.

Ice chivundikiro

Malinga ndi zikhalidwe ayezi, nyanja ya Japan akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo zitatu: ndi Chitata Khwalala, malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja Primorye ku Cape Povorotny kuti Cape Belkin ndi Peter Wamkulu Bay. M'nyengo yozizira, ayezi samawonedwa nthawi zonse ku Tatar Strait ndi Peter the Great Bay, m'madzi ena onse, kupatula mbali zotsekedwa ndi mbali zina kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa nyanja, sizimapangika nthawi zonse. Dera ozizira ndi Chitata Khwalala, komwe mu nyengo yozizira oposa 90% ya chisanu anati m'nyanja likakhazikitsidwa komanso m'madera ena. Malinga ndi kafukufuku yaitali, nthawi ya nyengo ndi ayezi mu Peter Wamkulu Bay masiku 120, ndipo mu Chitata Khwalala - masiku kuchokera masiku 40-80 kum'mwera kwa chipata, mpaka 140-170 ku mbali ya kumpoto.

Mawonekedwe oyamba a ayezi amapezeka pamtunda wa ma bandi ndi ma bays, otsekedwa ndi mphepo, mafunde ndikukhala ndi chosanjika pamtunda. Mu kotentha mu Peter Wamkulu Bay, ayezi woyamba aumbike mwa khumi lachiwiri la November, ndi Chitata Khwalala, pa nsonga za Sovetskaya Gavan, Chikhacheva ndi Nevelsky Khwalala, mitundu ayezi chachikulu ali anaona kale kumayambiriro November. Kumayambiriro ayezi lomenyera Peter Wamkulu Bay (Amur Bay) amapezeka oyambirira November, mu Chitata Khwalala - mu theka lachiwiri la October. Chakumapeto - kumapeto kwa Novembala. Kumayambiriro December, kupanga ayezi chivundikiro m'mphepete mwa nyanja Sakhalin Island uli wachangu kuposera pafupi gombe kumtunda. Choncho, mu kum'mawa kwa Chitata Khwalala pa nthawi iyi pali ayezi kuposa kumadzulo. Pakutha kwa Disembala, kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kuli kofanana, ndipo atatha kufanana ndi Cape Surkum, njira yolowera m'mphepete: kuchoka kwake m'mphepete mwa gombe la Sakhalin kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kudutsa kumtunda waukulu kumayendetsedwa.

Mu Nyanja ya Japan, ayezi chivundikiro ukufika chitukuko pazipita ake m'ma February. Pafupifupi 52% ya Chitata Khwalala ndi 56% ya Peter Wamkulu Bay okutidwa ndi ayezi.

Kusungunula ayezi kumayamba mu theka loyambirira la Marichi. Mu mwezi wa March, madzi lotseguka Peter Wamkulu Bay ndi lonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja gombe kuti Cape Zolotoy kungathetsedwe ayezi. Malire a ayezi chivundikiro mu Chitata Khwalala recedes kumpoto chakumadzulo, ndi kum'mawa kwa ayezi chopapatiza imayeretsedwa pa nthawi imeneyo. Kuyeretsa koyambirira kwa nyanja kuchokera mu ayezi kumachitika mu khumi eyiti ya Epulo, pambuyo pake - kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni.

Flora ndi zinyama

Dziko m'madzi a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Japan ndi osiyana kwambiri. M'madera ozizira a kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo, maluwa ndi nyama zam'madzi zotentha zidapangidwa, ndipo kum'mwera kwa nyanja, kumwera kwa Vladivostok, malo abwino otentha amapezeka. Gombe la Far East, chisakanizo cha madzi otentha ndi kotentha zomera amapezeka. Pano mukhoza kupeza nyamayi ndi squids - oimira ankaikira nyanja ofunda. Nthawi yomweyo, makoma ofukula okhala ndi ma anemones a nyanja, minda ya kelp - kelp - zonsezi zimafanana ndi mapiri a Nyanja Yoyera ndi Barents. Mu Nyanja ya Japan, pali unyinji waukulu wa starfish ndi nyanja urchins, a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, pali ophiuras, nkhanu, nkhanu yaing'ono (Kamchatka nkhanu zimapezeka kuno mu May, ndiyeno iwo kupitirira m'nyanja). Pa matanthwe ndi miyala moyo yowala ascidia wofiira. Mwa akatswiri, ma scallops ndizofala kwambiri. Nsomba, agalu nyanja, ruffs nyanja, pollock, fulonda, SIM, chum nsomba nthawi zambiri amapezeka.

Zosangalatsa ndi zokopa alendo

Kuyambira mu 1990s, gombe la Nyanja ya Japan ku gombe la Primorye likuyamba kukonzedwa mwachangu ndi alendo odzaona malo komanso alendo. The kutsogolera anali zinthu monga Kulipira kapena zosabvuta pa kuyendera zone malire, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyendera zonyamula kuzungulira dziko, zomwe zinkapangitsa tchuthicho East ndi Far pa Black Sea gombe mtengo kwambiri, komanso nambala kwambiri magalimoto munthu amene anapanga gombe la Primorye Kufikika kwa anthu a Khabarovsk ndi dera Amur.

Udindo mayiko malamulo

Malinga ndi Article 122 ya Msonkhano wa UN pa Lamulo la Nyanja, Nyanja ya Japan ndi nyanja yotsekedwa. Article 123 la Convention amapereka udindo limati kugwirizana ndi ntchito zinthu zawo pa kayendetsedwe ka chuma m'madzi Komabe, chifukwa mkangano DPRK, ndi Republic of Korea ndi Japan, kuyenda si panopa zikuchitika.

Funso la wotchula nyanja

Ku South Korea, Nyanja ya Japan imatchedwa "East Sea" (cor. 동해), ndipo kumpoto - North East Sea (cor. 조선 동해). The Korea mbali amanena kuti dzina la "nyanja ya Japan" anali oletsa anthu padziko lonse ndi Japanese Ufumu, chifukwa 1910-1945 Korea anagwiritsidwa ndi boma sankatha kulankhula pa nthawi ya buku kabuku "Borders wa nyanja ndi nyanja, "maganizo Korea sichinali n'komwe.

Pakadali pano, Korea sikuumirira mtundu umodzi wokha wa dzina loti "East Sea", koma amalimbikitsa kuti ofalitsa makadi azigwiritsa ntchito mayina onsewo limodzi mpaka mkangano utathetsedwa. Izi zapangitsa chakuti chiwerengero cha mayiko ntchito maina onse pa mapu awo pa nthawi yomweyo nthawi zonse kukula.

The mbali Japanese, nayenso, zikusonyeza kuti dzina la "nyanja ya Japan" opezeka pa mapu kwambiri ndipo ambiri amavomereza, ndipo limachita kokha kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la "nyanja ya Japan".

Zambiri zofunikira za Nyanja ya Japan

1. Nyanja ya Japan anatchuka zinthu sizimadziwika nyengochifukwa chake imawonedwa kukhala yowopsa. Nthawi zambiri mafunde kufika msinkhu wa mamita 10, ndipo namondwe woopsa iwo ali apamwamba.
2. Popeza madzi ake anasambitsidwa ndi m'mphepete mwa madera osiyanasiyana, dzina mwa nyanja sali yemweyo. Ku South Korea, akuti East, Ndi okhala DPRK amamutcha Achikhalidwe aku Korea. Kwa Russia, ndi mwachibadwa Japanese. M'mayiko ambiri, 2 mayina anasonyeza pa mapu.
3. Monga tanena kale, kumpoto kwa beseni okutidwa ndi ayezi m'nyengo yozizira, Amene kwambiri zodabwitsa alendo. Inde, theka la malo ake sakhala oundana chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa madzi. Ice chimasungunula kokha mwa mwezi wa June.
4. Chaka chonse pamwamba pa chiphaso madzi mvula zamkuntho zamphamvu ndi mafunde amkuntho. Koma makamaka zambiri zachilengedwezi kuukira chodabwitsa m'dzinja.
5. Mosiyana ndi nyanja ina, amenewa ndi Aperewera. Izi zinalola kuti boti laku Pacific likhale ndi anthu ambiri komanso zobiriwira pansi pamadzi.
6. Pa m'dera la gombe Russian m'chilimwe magombe lotsegukakomwe anthu akumaloko amasangalala kupuma. Koma, mwatsoka, kani nthawi yochepa ndi ndinapatsidwa nyengo kusambira.
7. Amadziwika kuti pa akuya zoposa 250 kuchokera kutentha madzi samatulutsanso pamwamba 0.
8. Ku nyanja ya Japan, mukhoza kutuluka mu Pacific Ocean kudzera 4 m'mavuto: Sangarian, Nevelsky, Korean ndi Larepuza.
9. Madzi a mitsinje yambiri yamapiri amawongoleredwa m'madzi ake, ndipo mchaka chonsechi ndimtsinje wonsewo zoposa 200 kiyubiki mamita.
10. Madzi kuwombola pa Nyanja East ndi Pacific Ocean ndi chovomerezeka m'magawo apamwamba okha amadzi. Pa kuya kwambiri, izi sizingatheke chifukwa kutentha otsika.
11. Ngakhale mwayi kumasuka pa gombe m'chilimwe, nyengo m'miyezi yotentha m'dera limeneli ndi chifumbi komanso mitambo. Ndiponso kwambiri chinawonjezeka chinyezi.
12. Far East Coast atsuka ndi nyanja ya Japan chichuluka golide, siliva, tini ndi tungsten. Ambiri mchere ena ncho mu dera wolemera.

Zosangalatsa za dziko m'madzi mwa nyanja ya Japan

• Mwa nyanja zonse zomwe zimatsuka m'mphepete mwa Russia, Japan imadziwika kuti ndi wolemera kwambiri komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazamoyo ndi zomera zomwe zimakhalamo.
• Umapezeka pano zoposa 900 ya nsomba ndi mitundu yopitilira 10 ya shaki. Za mitundu 200 ya anthu imvera nsomba.
• Pa nyengo yozizira, ena nsomba kupita yozizira ku mbali ya kum'mwera ya beseni, amene ali kutentha kwambiri ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo.
• Ngakhale kukhalapo kwa mitundu ingapo ya akhaki m'madzi awa, kwa anthu Musanyamule kuopseza. A kusamala ukufanizidwa ndi modabwitsa yaing'ono, zowawa zomwe pa khungu la munthu wamkulu koopsa.
• Kwakanthawi ndithu ku East Sea kunali koletsedwa whaling. Koma tsopano mitundu ingapo ya anamgumi, zisindikizo ngakhalenso ma dolphin zimakhala m'madzi ake. Minke anamgumi wakupha zinsomba ndi zinsomba umuna ali m'gulu la anthu ambiri otchuka.
• Komanso amakhala kuno nambala yaikulu mitundu molluskszomwe zimachita ngati zosefera zamadzi achilengedwe. Iwo mosavuta kulekerera nyengo yozizira ndi amatha amakula masentimita 70 m'litali.
• Udindo waukulu umachitika ndi kupezeka mussel m'madzi am'nyanja. Ndipotu, osati cholinga cha nsomba, komanso chakudya zothandiza nsomba okha ndi anthu ena. Amakhala odziwika kwambiri, ngakhale amakhala osasunthika, ndipo izi zimawapulumutsa kuti asatheretu. Nthawi zina ntchito zawo chakudya kungakhale koopsa. Ngati amakhala m'malo ovuta, ndiye kuti zovuta zonse zoyipa zimadutsa zokha. Choncho ndi bwino choyamba tikupeza malo awo.
• Shrimp wokhala Nyanja ya Japan amatha kukula 18 masentimita, ndipo chiwerengero chawo sichili ndi malire konse. Komanso m'madziwa moyo nkhaka nyanja - kwambiri nyama nyama zonse zopanda mafupa m'madzi kuti ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi cosmetology.
• Madzi awa ndi olemera osati zamoyo zokha, komanso mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Algae yekha ali ndi mitundu yopitilira 220, ndipo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi kelp. Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala ntchito osati kuphika, komanso cosmetology. M'malo ena amadzalidwa kale paminda.

Mwamwayi, nyanja ya Japan ndi chochititsa chidwi nkhani za kafukufuku ndi zinthu zakuthambo. Zidakwaniritsidwa kuti sizokhazo zomwe sizingachitike zokha, komanso ndizolemera kwambiri malinga ndi nzika za pansi pa madzi, poyerekeza ndi Black Sea. zinthu zake ali kwambiri zikuluzikulu, koma kufunika vuto zachilengedwe awonongedwa. Ngakhale zigawozi sizabwino kwenikweni paulendo wapa tchuthi, aliyense woyenda ayenera kupitabe kukawawona kukongola kwa Primorsky Territory ndikumva mphamvu zosawerengeka za nyanja yamkuntho.