Tetra Diamond (Moenkhausia pittieri) Eigenmann, 1920.
Mmodzi mwa oimira zokongola kwambiri za mtundu wa haracinov, wopezedwa ndi wofufuzayo Egeinmann mu 1920 ndipo patatha zaka 10, adatenga malo olimba m'mizinda yamamadzi.
Russian: Diamond Tetra, Moencausia Diamondi
Banja: Characinic
Mtundu: Moenkauzia (Minekhausia)
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
South America: vuto ku Lake Valencia kapena Tacarigua (Spanish: Lago de Valencia) m'chigawo cha Carabobo ndi Aragua kumpoto kwa Venezuela ndi matupi amadzi oyandikana.
Nyanjayi ili pakati pa mapiri awiri ndipo ndiyo nyanja yachiwiri yokulirapo kuVenezuela. Ubwino wamadzi nthawi zambiri umakhala wovuta kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi zochita za anthu pantchito zachuma ndi mafakitale. Chifukwa chake, pali kusinthasintha kwazomwe kumachitika (njira yakuwonongeka kwa madzi abwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa "michere", makamaka ma nitrogen ndi phosphorous) komanso kutulutsa kwamadzi / algae. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mitundu yamitundu ya nsomba yatsika ndi pafupifupi 60% kuchokera pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri.
Imakhala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, opitilira nyanja, komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono.
Oimira ambiri amtunduwu, omwe amaperekedwa kuti azigulitsa nyama, akuwerengedwa kwakukulu pamafamu ogulitsa ku Asia.
Kufotokozera
Thupi lili ngati mawonekedwe ozungulira, okwera komanso pang'ono pang'ono pambuyo pake. Pali mafuta, mchira umakhala ndi mbali ziwiri.
Mtundu waukulu ndi wachikasu ndi tint yofiyira, kumbuyo kumatha kukhala imvi kapena mtundu wa bulauni, ndipo pamimba pamakhala oyera, opangidwa ndi siliva. Zipsepse ndi imvi zakuda ndi kusintha koyera. Mzere wamtambo wa buluu wochokera kumiyendo mpaka mchira.
Mbali yakumtunda ya iris ndi yofiira. Mamba ponseponse pang'onopang'ono m'thupi lanu, momwe limatchulidwira, ngakhale ndi okhwima okha omwe amakhala ndi utoto wowala, achinyamata ndi owoneka bwino.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Zojambula zimawonetsedwa pakusunga anthu osachepera 5-7, ndipo pagulu la achibale a 10-15 amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri: amphongo amawonekera pamaso pa akazi, akuwonetsa michira yawo ndikuwonekera ndi mamba awo a diamondi.
Kusankha bwino kwa aquarium wamba. Izi ndi nsomba zokongola komanso zamtendere, zamphongo zimakula mosiyanasiyana mabanja awo. Awa ndi oyandikana nawo abwino a viviparous ambiri, masamba, ma tetras ena komanso anthu wamba a m'munsi, monga Corridoras kapena Loricaria catfish. Itha kupezeka ndi ma gourami omwe amapezeka kwambiri komanso ma cichlids ochepa.
Ngakhale ali ndi mbiri yotchera zipsepse, mchitidwewu nthawi zambiri umasinthidwa, ndikusungidwa m'gulu, nthawi zambiri mikondo iliyonse imakhala m'magulu ake. Monga pafupifupi ma tetras onse, zimamveka bwino kwambiri pamaso pa anthu amtundu womwewo ndipo, monga lamulo, ndizamanyazi pang'ono ndikasungidwa mosakwanira.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi, komanso owala kwambiri. Kutalika kwa matupi awo m'chilengedwe kumatha kufika 6.5 cm, ndipo mu aquarium, monga lamulo, iwo si akulu kuposa 4.5 cm.
Diamond Tetra - Amuna
Ziphuphu mumphongo ndizitali kwambiri. Ma anal amapeza mawonekedwe okalamba ndi zaka, zomwe zimapitilira kupitirira miyambo ya caudal. Akazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mimba lokwanira.
Kubwezeretsa kwa tetras ya diamondi
Pofika miyezi isanu ndi inayi ma tetras a diamondi khalani okhwima pogonana (nthawi zina kutha msanga kumadza pambuyo pake).
Kwa kubereka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zazikazi zomwe pamimba, pomwe zimayang'aniridwa kuchokera pamwambapa, zimachulukana kupita kwa anus.
Amuna ndi akazi amasungidwa mosiyanasiyana, ochulukirapo komanso osiyanasiyana pakudya kuti awonongeke kwa milungu iwiri.
Kutulutsa ochepa wobzalidwa madzulo. Monga kuwaza, mtsuko wamagalasi wathunthu wokhala ndi voliyumu ya 10 l ndi madzi ochepa (16-20 cm) ndi malo otsika ndi 600 sq. Cm imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Madzi okhazikitsidwa kwa masiku 4-5 ayenera kukhala ofewa (1-3 ° dGH), acidic pang'ono (pH 6.8), ndi kutentha madigiri angapo kuposa pamtunda wa 26-28 ° C. Musaiwale za kusefa kudzera mwa peat. Kuwala kwadutsa kumayenera kukhala kozama kwambiri.
Daimondi tetra - chachikazi
Ukonde wotetezedwa umayikidwa pansi pa nyanja ndikuyika chitsamba cha chomera chaching'ono. Kutambalala kumakutidwa ndi galasi kochokera kumwamba, monga nthawi yamasewera, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimadumphira mu aquarium.
Zomera zimachitika m'mawa wotsatira. Njira zowonongera zokha ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Wamphongo amafalikira mafinya ndi ma fins, ndipo ngati akuvina, amayenda mozungulira wamkazi.
Kuchekera kwamagulu ndikothekanso, mwanjira imeneyi anthu omwe ndi amuna ndi akazi okhaokha amayikidwa m'malo owoneka ochepa (pakhoza kukhala chiwerengero chofanana cha amuna ndi akazi).
Yaikazi imazungulira mazira pafupifupi 300-400 okhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 1 mm. Kubalalika ndi chiwawa kwambiri. Mazira amadziphatika pang'ono pofesa mbewuzo, kenako ndikugwera mchonde.
Opanga amakonda kudya mazira awo, chifukwa pamapeto pa kutulutsa, akuyenera kuwaika.
Pambuyo pake, mankhwalawa - sera-omnipur (omwe amatha kulowedwa ndi methylene buluu) amawonjezeredwa kumadzi, ndipo aquarium imasinthidwa popanda kuzimitsa motulutsa.
Kubwatcha mphutsi kumayamba pambuyo pa maola 24. Pamasiku 4-5 otsatira, mphutsi zimadya pa yolk sac, pang'onopang'ono zimasandukira. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi amayamba kusambira. Poyerekeza ndi ma tetras ena, mwachangu diamondi ndi zokulirapo pang'ono.
Chakudya choyambira kwa iwo ndi ma ciliates, mu masiku angapo amatha kale kusinthana kuti adye ndi Artemia nauplii ndi microworm.
Pazaka izi, mwachangu ndiwofatsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa madzi osunthika kumakhala kosalekeza.
Ndikamadya pafupipafupi komanso moyenera, ana amakula msanga, koma osati koyenerera. Popewa kuwonetsedwa kwa cannibalism pakati pa mwachangu, ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi kukula.
Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mu mwezi umodzi mwachangu amatha kusamutsira ku malo otsetsereka kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala kotheka 23-25 ° С.
Wamng'ono diamondi tetra, ngakhale yofanana kukula ndi nsomba zachikulire, imakhala yocheperako, koma sipadzakhala nthawi yambiri ndipo ikakhala yabwino imasandulika nsomba zabwino kwambiri. Iliyonse yomwe imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi dzina lake.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti muzisunga m'madzi ofewa.
Oyenera bwino pama aquariums wamba, amtendere, koma akhama kwambiri. Zimasuntha nthawi zonse ndipo zimakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse, ndipo ndikakhala ndi njala zimatha kudula masamba osalimba.
Koma, ngati zidyatsidwa zokwanira, zimangosiya mbewuzo zokha.
Monga ma tetras onse, diamondi imakhala m'matumba, ndipo muyenera kukhala ndi anthu 7.
Kudyetsa
Omnivorous, tetra ya diamondi amadya mitundu yonse ya chakudya, chisanu kapena chofukula.
Maziko a zakudya amatha kukhala mbewu monga chimanga, ndikuphatikiza apo mumawadyetsa amoyo kapena achisanu - chakudya cham'magazi, artemia
Ndipo, motero, ndiwosankhika ndipo amatha kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri. Sakonda kuyatsa kowala kwa diamondi, ndikofunikira kuti mthunzi wa aquarium ukhale.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'madzi oterewa amawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi kumafunikira, mpaka 25% ndi kusefera. Magawo a madzi amatha kukhala osiyana, koma amakhala olondola: kutentha 23-28 C, ph: 5.5-7.5, 2 - 15 dGH.
Kuswana
Kalata ya diamondi imaberekanso chimodzimodzi mitundu yambiri ya tetra. A aquarium payokha, yokhala ndi kuwala pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti kutseka galasi lakutsogolo.
Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ochepa kwambiri ziyenera kuwonjezerapo, mwachitsanzo Javanese moss, pomwe nsomba imayikira mazira.
Kapena, tsitsani pansi pa aquarium mothandizidwa ndi ukonde, chifukwa ma tetras amatha kudya mazira awo. Maselo amayenera kukhala okulirapo kuti mazira athe kudutsa.
Madzi owaza amayenera kukhala ofewa ndi acidity ya pH 5.5-6.5, komanso wankhanza gH 1-5.
Matenda a diamondi amatha kutuluka m'mpaketi, ndipo nsomba zingapo khumi ndi ziwiri ndi njira yabwino. Opanga amapatsidwa chakudya chamoyo kwa masabata angapo asanatulutsenso, ndibwino kuti azisunga padera.
Ndi zakudya zoterezi, zazikazi zimalemera msanga kuchokera ku caviar posachedwa, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kusunthidwa.
Kubalalika kumayamba m'mawa wotsatira. Kuti opanga asadye caviar, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gululi, kapena mutangofesa kumene kuti muwokere. Mphutsi zimaswa pambuyo pa maola 24-36, ndipo mwachangu amasambira m'masiku atatu.
Kuyambira pano ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kudyetsa, chakudya choyambirira ndichosasangalatsa, kapena chakudya chamtunduwu, chifukwa kukula kumatha kusinthidwa mwachangu pa nauplii artemia.
Chovala chokongoletsera cha nyumba iliyonse yam'madzi, chowala ngati kuwala kwa diamondi, ndi momwe mungafotokozere mwachidule nsomba yaying'ono yogwira ntchito yotchedwa diamondi tetra.
Inde, nsomba yaying'ono, yomwe imakula kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6, imawoneka yokongola kwambiri chifukwa cha mamba ake owala. Ngakhale pakuwoneka pang'ono, titha kuona kuti mtundu waukulu wa tetra flakes ndi mtundu wa imvi ndi utoto wotuwa. Koma ikagwera m'mbali zowala, thupi lake limanyezimira ngati mwala. Kwenikweni, chifukwa cha ichi nsomba idatchedwa.
Kukula kwa utoto kumakhalapo mwa akulu okha, ndipo akazi ndiopatsa zambiri kuposa amuna. Pamiyeso yawo ya “diamondi” yochepa kwambiri.
Nsomba imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owuma, thupi limasunthidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali. Mwa njira, mwa akazi ndi okuluyira. Zipsepsezo ndi zazikulu, zaimaso zazikulu, mchira wake umakhala wolimba.
Kutalikirana kwenikweni kwa dorsal fin ndiko kotchedwa adipose fin. Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa dorsal ndipo ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la nsomba zonsezi.
Maso ozungulira pang'ono amakhala ndi mawonekedwe: mawonekedwe a mbali yawo yapamwamba ndi ofiira.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi . Kukongoletsa miyala ya diamondi kumadya pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse: chakudya chochepa chamoyo kapena zakudya zouma zouma. Samanyalanyaza zakudya zamasamba. Ngati ma tetras sakulandila chakudya chomera, amatha kutsina masamba a mbewu zomwe zikupezeka mnyumba yamadzi.
Chakudya sichikuyenera kugwa pansi kwambiri, chifukwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mchitidwe wankhanza, ma tetras sangathe kunyamula chakudya pansi.
Mtundu
Thupi la nsombayi limakutidwa ndi masikelo akuluakulu siliva omwe amawalira, amawalitsa kuwala. Zipsepse ndi translucent, ndi wofatsa tint buluu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika, amuna okha ndi omwe amavala zovalazo. Akazi amawoneka wofatsa kwambiri komanso ma diamondi pazero zawo ndizochepa kwambiri. Koma chingwe chobiriwira chimadutsa m'thupi, chomwe sichimadziwika kwambiri mwa amuna. Mafuta omaliza mwa akazi ndi otuwa pinki.
Maonekedwe a thupi
Muthanso kudziwa kugonana kwa nsomba izi ndi kukula kwa thupi, chifukwa zazikazi ndizocheperako. Kuphatikiza apo, ziphuphu za amuna zimakhala zazitali komanso zapamwamba, makamaka zapakhosi. Thupi la diamondi ya diamondi ndi lathyathyathya, lalitali pang'ono.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndikuwona gulu la nsomba izi, chifukwa pakati pa abale ake tetra imayamba kuwonetsa. Amuna amathamangitsa wina ndi mzake, akumenyeka ndi miyala ya mamba, akumakhazikika kutsogolo kwa akazi, ndikukuinya zipsepse zake. Pakadali pano, mtunduwo umada ndipo thupi la diamondi ya tetra limayamba kuponyedwa mkuwa. Kuti muwone zonse ndi maso anu, nthawi yomweyo pezani anthu 10-15. Mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu zambiri ndikusankha dothi lakuda, kuti nsombazo zizikhala bwino. Komabe, ma tetras ndi mafoni kwambiri, choncho musaiwale za malo omasuka kusambira pakati pa nkhalango yazomera. Tetra ya diamondi imatha kusungidwa ndi harazinki ena ndi nsomba zazing'ono zamtendere.
Momwe mungasungire mu aquarium
Moenkhausia pittieri kuyambira kalekale anali wokondedwa wa asitikali ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kusintha kumeneku kumalumikizidwa osati ndi zokongoletsera zake zabwino, komanso ndi kusazindikira kwawo komanso kuphweka kwa zinthu.
Aquarium . Pa zikhalidwe zabwinobwino zam'madzi, nsomba yayikulu sayenera konse. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la anthu 7 likhonza kuyikidwa mu "mtsuko" wama lita 70, ndipo ziweto zimakhalako bwino.
Magawo amadzi . Kutentha kwamadzi koyenera kumayenera kusungidwa kuchokera madigiri +22 mpaka +28, ndipo mulingo wa pH uzikhala wopanda mbali (magawo a 6-7). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Diamond Tetra imamva bwino m'madzi ofewa, choncho dH iyenera kukhala mkati mwa madigiri 2-15. Osachepera 20% ya madzi am'madzi azisinthidwa sabata iliyonse, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ake ndi othandizira kusintha.
Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito peat ngati zosefera.
Kuwala Aquarium iyenera kukhala yocheperako, ndipo maola masana masana asaposa maola 12.
Kugwirizana . Mtundu wina womwe umapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kukhala ndi nsomba iyi ndi mwamtendere komanso modekha. Chifukwa chake amakhala bwino ndi mitundu ina ya banja la Kharatsin, ma cichlids ang'ono, komanso mitundu yotchuka ngati rassol, neon ndi zebrafish.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi . Ma diamondi okongoletsa ndi kukongoletsa amadya pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya: zakudya zazing'ono zomwe zimakhalapo kapena zakudya zouma. Samanyalanyaza zakudya zamasamba. Komanso, ngati ma tetras sakulandila chakudya chomera, amatha kutsina m'mphepete mwa masamba a mbewu zomwe zikupezeka mnyumba yamadzi.
KULENGA
Kalata ya diamondi imaberekanso chimodzimodzi mitundu yambiri ya tetra. A aquarium payokha, yokhala ndi kuwala pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti kutseka galasi lakutsogolo. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ochepa kwambiri ziyenera kuwonjezerapo, mwachitsanzo Javanese moss, pomwe nsomba imayikira mazira. Kapena, tsitsani pansi pa aquarium mothandizidwa ndi ukonde, chifukwa ma tetras amatha kudya mazira awo. Maselo amayenera kukhala okulirapo kuti mazira athe kudutsa.
Madzi owaza amayenera kukhala ofewa ndi acidity ya pH 5.5-6.5, komanso wankhanza gH 1-5. Matenda a diamondi amatha kutuluka m'mpaketi, ndipo nsomba zingapo khumi ndi ziwiri ndi njira yabwino. Opanga amapatsidwa chakudya chamoyo kwa masabata angapo asanafalikire, ndikofunikira kuti azisungika padera. Ndi zakudya zoterezi, zazikazi zimalemera msanga kuchokera ku caviar posachedwa, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kusunthidwa.
Kubalalika kumayamba m'mawa wotsatira. Kuti opanga asadye caviar, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gululi, kapena mutangofesa kumene kuti muwokere. Mphutsi zimaswa pambuyo pa maola 24-36, ndipo mwachangu amasambira m'masiku atatu. Kuyambira pano ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kudyetsa, chakudya choyambirira ndichosasangalatsa, kapena chakudya chamtunduwu, chifukwa kukula kumatha kusinthidwa mwachangu pa naupilii brine shrimp.
Ma Tetras ndi amtendere komanso okongola, amaphunzitsa nsomba, motero zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuti muwone momwe amagwirira ntchito, makamaka panthawi yopanda zipatso,
Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1920, pomwe kuchuluka kwa tetras mu Nyanja ya Valencia adayamba kutsika kwambiri, tsopano nsomba zambiri ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kubereka,
Nsombazi zimatha kutha msinkhu pomtha miyezi isanu ndi itatu, nthawi yomweyo zimapanga mtundu wathunthu.
G. Fominsky, Nizhny Novgorod.
Kuchulukana kwa ma cichlids aku Malawi kwapita kale, zokonda zake, ma chain-catfish, zosefukira ndi alendo ena achilendo atuluka. Mobwerezabwereza, asodzi aku Russia akutsitsimutsa chidwi chawo chotayika mu nsomba za haracin. Ndipo izi ndizachilengedwe, popeza ma characinid ambiri amawasiyanitsa ndi maonekedwe owala, osayenda, opanda ulemu, amatha kusungidwa ngakhale m'midzi yaying'ono yam'mizinda, ndipo ndi luso linalake mwiniwakeyo amapeza ana mosavuta kwa iwo. Imodzi mwa nsombazi idzafotokozedwa.
(ndi pansi pa dzinali kuti amadziwika ndi okonda kwambiri), kapena Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann, 1920, adabwera ku Russia kuchokera ku Germany koyambirira kwa 60s. Tekesi yamakono imakhala ndi mitundu 40 ya moenkausy, koma mwina yoyenera kwambiri pakusungabe pittery mu aquarium. Kwawo diamondi tetra ndi Venezuela, kapena m'malo mwake, gombe la Nyanja ya Valencia, mitsinje ya basi ndi Tikvirito. Mu vivo diamondi tetra imafika kutalika kwa 6 masentimita, mu aquarium 4-4.5. Thupi lathyathyathya limakutidwa ndi masikelo akuluakulu a siliva, omwe chilichonse chimawoneka bwino.
Mwa amuna, ndalama ya dorsal imakhala yofanana. Ma anal fin okongoletsedwa ndi frill yoyera imakulitsidwanso. M zipsepse zamtchire ndizowonekera, zopanda utoto, zina zonse ndi tint yamtambo wamtambo. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna, zovala zawo ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo masikelo awo owoneka bwino ndi ochepa kwambiri, malingaliro awo omaliza amakhala ozunguliridwa, ena onse amafupikirako kuposa amuna. Kuchokera pansi pa malaya, pamakhala mzere wobiriwira wonenepa womwe umadutsa thupi, komwe kulibe amuna. Mafuta onenepa ndi pinki.
Kusunga ma tetras a diamondi sikovuta. Asodzi amadzimva bwino m'madzi apampopi pa T = 22-24 ° C, pH = 7, ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa sabata mpaka 10-15%. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi thanki yophulika (malita 10-12 pa mabanja akuluakulu), yobzalidwa ndi masamba a mitengo ya cirrus, kaomba, cryptocoryns, echinodorus, ferns. Dothi: miyala yakuda, dongo labwino kapena mchenga wowuma. Kuwala ndizochepa (20-watt fluorescent nyale 50-60 malita). Ponena za kudyetsa, nsombazo sizokoma: zimadya chakudya chilichonse chamoyo, zimakonda zokonda zakudya.
Maonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndikukonzanso utoto ma tetras amondi owoneka bwino akapanga gulu la anthu 15-20. Amuna, kuthamangitsa wina ndi mnzake, kuzungulira zazikazi, kukuzizira zipsepsa zawo ndikukumbukiranso amuna. Maonekedwe a thupi ndi zipsepse zakuda zimalephera nthawi ngati izi, masikelo amataya mkuwa. Panthawi yamayendedwe, kutulutsa kumachitika nthawi zambiri, koma ndizosatheka kuti mazira azisungidwa. Kwa ana angapo ma tetras a diamondi wolowa mu chotengera chosiyana ndi mphamvu ya malita 10 ofikira kapena magalasi osalala. Kuwaza madzi kumakonzedwa m'njira zingapo. Njira yosavuta ndikuphika madzi owiritsa usiku, kutsanulira mumtsuko kuti utulutsidwe komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa maola ambiri. Mutha kutenga madzi kuchokera ku aquarium komwe opangawo amakhala, kusakaniza ndi gawo lomwelo kapena kudutsa mizere ya ion-sinthani ndikulola kuti liyime kwa masiku awiri. Akatswiri ena am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochokera kumatchire, mvula kapena matalala Nizhny Novgorod haraciners nthawi zambiri amapita motere. Komabe, chifukwa cha malo osavomerezeka am'malo otetezeka, madzi oterewa ayenera kutsukidwa.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kutentha kwamadzi pa nthawi yophukira kumasungidwa pa 26-27 ° C; dGH yamadzi yomwe idapezedwa ndi njira zomwe zili pamwambapa nthawi zambiri imakhala 4-6 °, pH = 6.5-7. Zofunika kuwonjezera pofukiza ndi acidifying infusions kapena decoctions (peat, alder cones, oak bark) kumalo osungira. Madzi azikhala m'malo owerengeka kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu.
Asanatulutsire, ndikofunika kuti opanga mbewu kwa masiku 6-8 ndikuwadyetsa kwambiri akhwangwala kapena chakudya china chamoyo. Kuti zikangotuluka, opanga samadya kaphala, pansi pake pamatidwa ndi ukonde kapena zovala zopangira zovala (makamaka zobiriwira kapena zofiirira). Magulu onyansa ang'onoang'ono a mbewu zing'onozing'ono amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo cha caviar. Kwenikweni, gawo lapansi pang'onopang'ono diamondi tetra safuna. Koma mukayika tchire zingapo za cryptocoryne, Indian fern, hygrophilia, kapena 3-4 nthambi za ambulia, cabomba, etc. pa ukonde wotetezera, sizingavute. Kuwala kumakhala koperewera komanso kusokoneza. Ndibwino ngati kuwala kwachilengedwe kusinthidwa kuchokera pawindo kumachitikanso. Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito nyali zoyaka ndi mphamvu ya 15-25 watts.
Kuchepetsa kuwaza kumachitika bwino madzulo. Ngati nsomba zili pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kutuluka kwamawa kumachitika. Nthawi zina kutchera kumachedwa ndi 2-3, osachepera masiku 5, ndipo chachikazi chimabisala pachibwenzi champhongo chamtundu wamimba. Monga lamulo, kuchedwa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti mazira omwe ali m'mimba mwa amayi sanapeze gawo lokhazikika. Pankhaniyi, kuti mupangitse kufalikira, zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndikuwonjezera 1.0-1.5 l yamadzi ofewa okhala ndi T = 29-30 ° C kutulutsa.
Kubala kwamuna diamondi tetra kulondola chachikazi, kugogoda caviar kuchokera mwa iye. Zimatenga maola 1.5-2, nthawi zina motalika, kutengera kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zikufuna komanso momwe ziliri. Monga lamulo, wamkazi amataya mazira 350-400, pomwe osachepera 40-60% amakhala ndi umuna m'matumba oyamba.
Pambuyo pofalikira, opanga amabzala. Zomera ndi ukonde, kugwedeza mazira kwa iwo, zimachotsedwedwa m'malo omwe amatulutsa. Poletsa kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya, methylene buluu kapena tripaflavin imawonjezeredwa kumadzi. Jar tetra dziwa. Ndikofunika kupitiliza kuthandizira. Mmodzi amatha kuchita mosiyanasiyana: m'malo mwa 60-70% madzi ndi madzi atsopano omwewa ndi kutentha. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere gawo la caviar.
Pafupifupi tsiku limodzi, ku T = 26-27 ° C, mphutsi zowoneka bwino zimawonekera. Amagona pansi kapena kumamatira kukhoma la chokho. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi pali kufalikira kwa ana. Malek ndi wamkulu, wolimba, wakuda ndi utoto wopindika. Njira yodyetserayi ndiyosavuta: masiku awiri oyambilira amapereka ciliator kapena chikhalidwe, makamaka makina ozungulira mwachilengedwe ngati "fumbi lokhalokha". Ndi chakudya ichi, achinyamata amakula patsogolo pathu. Patatha sabata limodzi, imasinthidwa kukhala mphutsi zosakanikira, chakudya chochepa-chopatsa, komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Ndikudya zochuluka komanso zoyenera patsiku la makumi awiri la mwachangu diamondi tetra kufikira 1 cm kutalika, komabe kukhalabe osagwira. Pofika chaka chimodzi, amayamba kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi makolo awo. Tsopano nthawi yakwanira kuziwasandutsa mu aquarium wokula. Posachedwa asanakhazikitsidwe, amayamba kuuma pang'onopang'ono (izi ndizofunikira kuti mwachangu akhazikike) ndikufanizira magawo ena a kuwaza ndi kuwaza kwamadzi, ndikuwonjezera magalasi 1-2 amadzi kuchokera ku aquarium tsiku ndi tsiku ndi opanga. Ndizoyenera kuphatikiza njirayi ndikudyetsa, ndikumasulira plankton mugalasi ndi madzi a aquarium ndikuthira zomwe zili munthaka.
Pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi itatu, achinyamata amakhala ndi ziwongola dzanja za diamondi zazikulile, mpaka kutengera luso logonana, ndipo ali okonzeka kutenga nawo mbali pakubala.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Diamond tetra (Moenkhausia pittieri) adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Egeinmann mu 1920. Amakhala ku South Africa, m'mitsinje: Rio Blue, Rio Tikuriti, Nyanja ya Valencia ndi Venezuela. Amasambira m'sukulu, amadya tizilombo tomwe tatsamira pamadzi ndikukhala m'madzi.
Amakonda madzi amchere am'nyanja kapena misonkho yoyenda pang'onopang'ono, yokhala ndi mbewu zambiri pansi.
Nyanja za Valencia ndi Venezuela ndi nyanja ziwiri zazikulu kwambiri pakati pa mapiri awiri. Koma, chifukwa chakuti nyanjayi imakhala ndi poizoni ndi feteleza omwe amatulutsa kuchokera kuminda yapafupi, anthu okhala mmenemu ndi osauka kwambiri.
Aquarium
Kukula kwa aquarium kumasankhidwa pamlingo wa malita 10-15 pa nsomba ziwiri zilizonse. Gulu laling'ono lifunika aquarium yokhala ndi kukula kwake kuchokera 60 * 37.5 cm - pafupifupi malita 70.
Ndili mawonekedwe okongola osinthika omwe angamve bwino m'misipu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale sindimakonda kuwala kowala. Koma imawoneka bwino m'madzimadzi obzalidwa kwambiri, komwe imawonetsa utoto wokwanira.
Muli malo oyenera kukhalamo malo omwe mumapezeka anthu ambiri okhala ndi masamba obiriwira ozungulira pachitunda, mbewu zoyandama, malo opanda malo osambira, kuyatsa ndi nthaka yakuda.
Itha kusungidwa mu aquarium yokhala ndi biotope ya Amazonia. Gwiritsani ntchito mchenga wamtsinje ngati gawo lapansi ndipo ndi koyenera kuwonjezera nkhokwe zochepa. Masamba owerengeka ochepa (beech kapena thundu) amaliza zosangalatsa zosangalatsa maonekedwe. Zowunikira ziyenera kuzimiririka mokwanira.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mwachilengedwe, amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi ma invertebrates omwe amakhala m'madzi kapena amagwera mmenemo.
Omnivore, azidya zonse zomwe mungapereke. Zabwino kwambiri ndi utoto - chakudya chokhazikika chokhala ndi chakudya chochepa komanso chauve monga nsungu zamagazi, daphnia ndi artemia, komanso phala ndi ma granule owuma.
Kuonera Zakugonana
Amuna amakhala ocheperako komanso opanda chakudya chokwanira kuposa zazikazi, omwe amakhala ndi miyeso yambiri. Akacha, amakhala ndi ziphuphu zakumaso, zamkati, ndi ziphuphu. Amuna amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, pomwe mwa akazi amakhala osawoneka.
Kubwezeretsa kwa tetra ya diamondi
Pakucheka, nsomba zimasankhidwa zomwe (zikaonedwa kuchokera pamwamba), pamimba limakulira kumaloko. Mosamala kwambiri muyenera kukonzekeretsa zazikazi kuti ziberekenso ana. Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana komanso kwapamwamba.
Msuzi wozungulira womwe uli pansipo uyenera kukhala wokwanira malita 15. Kutentha kwamadzi - 26-27 ℃. Pansi khazikitsani khoka lachitetezo, ikani pang'ono. Opanga amabzala m'malo oyala kuyambira madzulo. Kutulutsa kumachitika m'mawa. Caviar imalumikizidwa ndi masamba a mbewu, zotsalazo zimagwera ukonde. Pambuyo pa tsiku, mphutsi zimatuluka. Pakupita ntsiku zina zitatu, iwo atoma kusambira. Mwachangu ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Ma cyclops, artemia nauplii amatha kukhala chakudya panthawiyi. Ma tetam a diamondi amakula pofika miyezi 8.
Nsomba za Characine nthawi zonse zimakhala zokonda za m'madzi. Chifukwa amadzimva kukhala opambana ngakhale m'mizinda yaying'ono ndipo, kukhala ndi chidwi, ma characinas amatha kudutsidwa popanda zovuta zambiri. Diamond tetra ndi woimira wina wabanja losakhulupirika ili.
Zochitika
Ngakhale olimba kwambiri komanso omwe amasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana, nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala ndi zingapo Zofunikira zomwe ndizofunikira ndipo motero zimanyalanyazidwa.
Chifukwa chake, kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino. Kuti gulu likhale ndi anthu asanu, tanki la 50-70 lita lidzafunika (nsomba zochulukanso - voliyumu yambiri). Fyuluta, compressor (ngati mwadzidzidzi mphamvu yazosefera yopanga sikokwanira) ndi chivundikiro ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi aquarium.
Ponena za magawo amadzi, palibe chovuta: kutentha ndi 22-28 ° С, acidity ndi 5.5-7pH, kuuma ndikofunikira mpaka 15-20 ° dH. Madzi sabata iliyonse amasintha mpaka kotala la voliyumu.
Dothi ndikusankha kwanu, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga. Kuwala kumawonekera Zopaka - kwanu ndi kufuna kwanu, koma mbewu ziyenera kuchita. Mitengo yayitali ndiyolandilidwa, ikupereka mthunzi wambiri, koma osangoipiririra - siyani mbali ya danga momasuka kuti ma tetras omwe amagwira azikhala ndi mwayi wokambirana.
Tetra Diamond - okhutira.
Dzina lasayansi: Moenkhausia pittieri (Moenkausia Pittieri).
Mayina odziwika: Diamond Tetra, Diamond Characin.
Tetra Diamond Care Level: Yosavuta.
Kukula kwake: 6cm (2.3 mainchesi).
- pH 6-7
- DH mitundu: 5-12
- t 0: kuchokera 24 0 С mpaka 28 0 С (75-82 0 F)
Diamondi Tetra amakhala m'malo am'madzi kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu.
Chiyambi: Kumwera America, beseni la Nyanja ya Valencia ku Venezuela.
Kutentha: kofanana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha ma tetras ena. Asungeni zofunika pazidutswa 5 kapena kupitirira mu aquarium imodzi.
Kuswana Daimani Tetra: Kuberekanso kumachitika monga ma characin ena. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimamera bwino m'masukulu, kotero masabata angapo asanatulutse, amuna onse ayenera kuchotsedwa pakati pa akazi. Munthawi imeneyi, aliyense ayenera kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi, pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapamwamba zambiri.
Popanga kubereka kwa Diamond Tetra gwiritsani ntchito malo ena otchedwa aquarium, omwe amatchedwa poyambira. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo oyenera kutalikiramo: kuwala pang'ono, galasi lochokera mumaliridwe am'madzi lophimbidwa ndi pepala, ndipo ukonde umayikidwa pansi (1-2 cm kuchokera pansi) kapena wobzalidwa ndi mbewu (zolemedwa ndi kulemera), monga Javanese moss . Madzi mu thankiyo akuyenera kukhala ndi kuuma kwa 1-5 0 dH, acidity pH 5.5-6.5 ndi kutentha kwa 26-27 0 C.
Kutulutsa kwa Diamond Tetra kumayamba m'mawa wotsatira atabzala pakubzala. Atangomaliza kuponya caviar, opangawo amatsukidwa (kuti asadye caviar).
Opatsa chidwi Tetra mwachangu pambuyo maola 36, ndipo atatha masiku enanso anayi amayamba kuwadyetsa infusoria, kenako artemia nauplii.
Kukula kwa Aquarium: Kwa gulu laling'ono, aquarium ya 80-120L ikulimbikitsidwa.
Kugwirizana kwa Diamond Tetra: Kuti achepetse zipsepse, ndizofunikira kuzisunga m'thumba. Pewani kuwasunga ndi nsomba zazikulu zomwe zingadye.
Zakudya / Zakudya za Ma Tetras a Diamondi: Kuthengo, amadya tizilombo, nyongolotsi ndi crustaceans. Kunyumba, azidzadya maphokoso kapena zida zogulira. Monga kuvala pamwamba kwakanthawi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chocheperako kapena chochepera.
Matenda a Diamond Tetra: Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo.
Dera: nsomba zimagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimayandikira pafupi ndi pansi pa pansi pamadzi.