Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Pamtunda |
Subfamily: | Amphaka ang'ono |
Onani: | Caracal |
- Felis wachifundo
- Lynx wopha
Caracal, kapena steppe lynx (lat. Caracal caracal from the Turkic "kara-kylak" - wakuda khutu) - nyama yolusa ya mphaka. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyama yankhondo imadziwika kuti ndi lynxes (Lynx), pomwe imafanana ndi mawonekedwe, komabe, chifukwa cha ma genetic angapo, adadzipatula kukhala amtundu wina. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo imayandikana pang'ono ndi ma lynxes kuposa amphaka ena, pomwe ikuyandikira kwambiri phokoso ndi machitidwe achilengedwe. Caracal idalinso pafupi ndi maloya aku Africa, pomwe imawoloka bwino ukapolo.
Mawonekedwe
Kunja, imafanana ndi lynx, koma yaying'ono, yocheperako komanso yofananira. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 65-82 masentimita, mchira ndi 25-30 cm, kutalika kwake kufota ndi pafupifupi masentimita 45, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 11-20 makilogalamu. Makutu okhala ndi ngayaye (mpaka 5 cm) kumapeto. Burashi yopangidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba imapangidwa pazamba, zomwe zimathandizira kuyenda pamchenga.
Ubweya ndi wamfupi komanso wonenepa. Mtunduwu umafanana ndi North American Puma (Puma concolor): mchenga kapena ofiira ofiira, oyera pansi, zilembo zakuda m'mbali mwa muzzle. Maburashi ndi kunja kwa makutu ndi zakuda. Mitambo yakuda yamakedzana imakhala yosowa kwambiri.
Ntchito Zogawa ndi Magulu Aang'ono
Imapezeka m'mphepete mwa mapiri, kumapiri kwa chipululu, zipululu ndi mapiri a Africa, kumapeto kwa Arinsan Peninsula, Asia Minor, ndi Middle East. Ndi yaying'ono ku CIS: imapezeka m'madambo akumwera kwa Turkmenistan, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian imafika ku Chigawo cha Mangyshlak, nthawi zina imawoneka kum'mawa ku Kyrgyzstan ndi Bukhara dera la Uzbekistan. Ku Russia, anthu osakwatira omwe amapezeka ndi nyama atha kupezeka kumapiri ndi zipululu za Dagestan, koma chiwerengero chonse sichikupitilira anthu 100. Akatswiri a Abu Dhabi Environmental Protection Agency mu february 2019 kwa nthawi yoyamba mzaka 35 adalemba mawonekedwe a munthu woipa mu UAE.
Magawo amtundu wa Caracal ndi magawidwe ake:
- Caracal chikhodzodzo - ku Sudan ndi South Africa,
- Caracal caracal algira - ku North Africa,
- Caracal zowononga zowononga - ku Namibia,
- Caracal caracal lungwaneensis - ku Botswana,
- Caracal caracal lucani - ku Gabon,
- Caracal caracal michaelis — Anthu aku Turkmen , ku Turkmenistan (masanjidwe omwe ali pangozi, osati anthu oposa 300),
- Caracal caracal nubica - ku Sudan ndi ku Ethiopia,
- Caracal carecal poecilictis - aku Nigeria,
- Caracal caracal schmitzi — Wachifundo achimwenye , kuchokera ku Arabia kupita ku Front India.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Caracal imagwira makamaka usiku, koma imawoneka nthawi yozizira komanso masika masana. Zovala zamiyala ndi zotchingira za zingwe ndi nkhandwe zimakhala pobisalira iye, nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana. Amuna amakhala m'magawo akulu, ndipo madera achikazi, ocheperako, amakhala pamphepete.
Ngakhale nyamayo ali ndi miyendo yayitali, sangathe kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali, monga amphaka onse, amasaka, kubisala yemwe akumugwirirayo ndikumupeza ndi matalikidwe akulu (mpaka 4,5 m). Ndi zochulukirapo pakuchulukirapo komanso zikhadabo zakuthwa kwambiri, chojambulachi chimatha kuthamangitsa mbalame zochepa pagulu la ntchentche. Komabe, chakudya chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka ndi makoswe (ma gerbil, jerboas, squirrels), haola tolai, mbali zina zazing'ono zazing'ono, ndi mbawala ku Turkmenistan. Nthawi zina imapezanso nkhata, zironda, zirombo, tizilombo, tinyama tating'onoting'ono, monga nkhandwe ndi mongooses, nthiwatiwa zazing'ono. Imatha kugwira nkhuku, kuukira ana a mbuzi ndi mbuzi. Caracal imatha kukhala yopanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, imapeza madzi kuchokera pakudya.
Monga nyalugwe, nyama yam'madzi imakoka nyama yakufa pamtengo kuti iwabise kwa adani ena.
Kuswana
Kubereka kumachitika chaka chonse, mkazi amatha kukhala ndi zibwenzi zitatu. Pambuyo pamimba m'masiku 78-81, ana a 1-6 amabadwa. Mpaka afikire mwezi umodzi wazaka, zazikazi amazisamutsa kuchoka ku deniti kupita ku ina kamodzi patsiku. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, makatoni achichepere amasiya amayi awo ndikukhazikika pazinthu zawo. Amakhala okhwima pofika miyezi 16-18.
Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo
Ku Africa, makamaka Kummwera, nyamayi ndi yofala kwambiri ndipo imawonedwa ngati tizilombo. Pali chikhalidwe chapadera chosaka nyama zam'nyanja: chimakopedwa ndi zida zodziwirira kulira kwa khola lovulala kapena mbewa, ndipo usiku amawombera kuchokera pansi pa nyali. Kuphatikiza apo, ku South Africa, makatoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mbalame (makamaka guinea fowl) kuchokera kumayendedwe a ndege zankhondo.
Mapepala okhala ndi nyama zaku Asia ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo alembedwa mu CITES Appendix II.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Malo omwe ali mumtundu wa obadwira amphaka pa nyama yam'madzi amasiyana pang'ono, koma akukhulupirira kuti amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi galu wamphaka ndi golide. Kakhalidwe ka nyama zam'madzi ndizosiyana ndi azinzake a feline. Ma servals ndi ma caracals ndi ofanana kukula, koma ma servals amasaka m'malo okhala chonyowa, pomwe ma caracals amamatira m'malo owuma.
Mbiri yakupezeka kwa mitundu ya nyama
Caracal ndi mdyerekezi wa banja la mphaka. Anthu aku Africa amati caracal ndi malo a Barbary. Mwambiri, zojambula zotchedwa caracals zimadziwikanso kuti amphaka am'chipululu komanso steppe lynxes. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma caracals amadziwika chifukwa cha ma lynxes, chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti mitundu iyi ndi yofanana kwambiri. Komabe, pambuyo pake amphaka am'chipululu adapeza ma genetic omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina. Dzinalo "caracal" latanthauzidwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Turkmen kukhala "khutu lakuda" (karakulak).
nyama ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha makutu ake achilendo
M'mbuyomu, asaka (India, Africa, Persia) ankapita kukawedza. Osaka osakwanitsa sakanakwanitsa kutengera kutafuna kwa nkhumba, chifukwa chake osankhawo adagwera: ocelots ndi caracals. Steppe lynx imatha kugwira mosavuta masewera (mapikoko, ma pheasants, ndi zina), maula ndi anthambo. Amphaka am'chipululu ndi zolengedwa zofatsa, motero zimasinthidwa mosavuta.
Mu 1998, wosakanikirana ndi nyama yamwana wamtembo ndi ya Abyssinian adabadwa kumalo osungira nyama a ku Moscow. Unali mtanda wodutsa wa amphaka amtundu wina, chifukwa zotsatira zake zinali zosayembekezeka. Ndipo pambuyo pake, mu 2007, akatswiri a ku America ofufuza zam'madzi amayesa kudutsa mitunduyi, koma zinyalala zinali ndi mphaka umodzi wokha, chifukwa asayansi sanathe kumaliza ntchito yawo (pulogalamu ya Caraket). Pakadali pano, ma hybral amphaka zanyumba ndi zoweta amatchuka pakati pa okonda nyama zosowa. Tsopano azindikiridwa ngati mtundu wina ndi magulu angapo nthawi imodzi, kuphatikiza ISU ndi TICA.
Chifukwa cha mbiri yosangalatsa ya nyama ku India, nyama yamoto imatchedwa "cheetah kwa osauka." Amakhulupilira kuti munthu aliyense amatha kuthana ndi steppe lynx.
Kufotokozera kwa Zipululu Zamtchire
Caracal imatha kutchedwa kope laling'ono la lynx. Mphaka wamtchire amasiyanitsidwa ndi chithunzi chochepa komanso mtundu wolimba. Kutalika kwa caracal kumayambira masentimita 65 mpaka 82. Ngakhale mphakayu amalemera pang'ono - mpaka 20 kg. Zazikazi zowonda nthawi zina zimangofika makilogalamu 10 okha.
ma caracals ndi amphaka ang'ono-ang'ono
Ndidamuwona mzanga ku Skype, amakhala ku Texas, ali ndi famu yake ndipo adatenga Caracal. Kunena zowona, ndinangophunzira kwa iye kuti pali mphaka. Nditawona, ndinali ndi nkhawa, nthawi yomweyo ndinayang'ana pa intaneti ndikuyang'ana amphaka awa. Chisomo chawo ndi chiyani. Kuti mutenge nyama chotere, muyenera kukonzekera m'maganizo. Ndiudindo waukulu ngati ngakhale ana aang'ono aang'ono, akasewera, amatha kuluma manja ndi magazi, ndizowopsa kuganiza momwe "mphaka" uyu amaseweredwa.
LucindaYES, wogwiritsa ntchito kale pamsonkhanowu
https://forum.zoologist.ru/viewtopic.php?id=5334
Zambiri zakunja
Zojambula pamapewa zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 45. Ubweya wa mphaka ndi wamfupi komanso wandiweyani. Mtundu wa chovalachi ndi mchenga kapena terracotta. Pamimba ndi chifuwa, tsitsi lopepuka. Pali malo ena akuda pa muzzle (mbali zamkamwa, m'malo ammphuno ndi pamwamba pamaso). Maso enieniwo amakhala akuda, monga kumaso kwa khutu. Maburashi pawokha amawoneka okongola kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 5. Mitengo ya Caracal imapezekanso. Amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda (pafupifupi wakuda). M'chilimwe, mtundu wa mtundu uliwonse umakhala wopepuka. Zachilengedwe zinapereka mphaka ndi utoto uwu kuti ubise kubisala. Mtundu wachikasu wa "kuphatikizika" kwamtambo ndi mchenga, amphaka amtundu wofiirawo sawoneka m'dothi.
Kutalika kwa mchira wa mphaka wamtchire kumatha kufika masentimita 30. Amphaka awa amakhala ndi miyendo yothina koma yamphamvu, pomwe pali tsitsi lalifupi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mutchera mosavuta mumchenga.
mukawona chithunzi choyandikira cha chonyansa, mudzakumbukira mawonekedwe ake kwamuyaya
Maso a caracal ndi amondi ooneka ngati amondi komanso amtundu wama amber (nthawi zina amakhala amtundu wobiriwira kapena wamtambo).
Ndidauzidwa kuti maso a caracal anali amtambo. Ngakhale akatswiri azamalo amati izi sizingatheke. Ndinakumbukira kuti mumphaka zazing'ono zamphaka zapakhomo, maso awo anali amtambo komanso amtambo. Maso awo akapanga, mtundu wamaso umasintha. Zowonadi, pazithunzi, maso amtambo amapezeka m'matumbo amoto. Akuluakulu, maso ndi ofiira kapena obiriwira. Mithunzi imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kuyatsa kapena zithunzi.
Khalidwe Lakutchire Lakumtchire
Ngakhale zilombo zimadyedwa ndi amphaka, amphaka a ana opeza amakhala mogwirizana ndi amphaka ena am'madzi. Amphamvu, amakonda kukhala m'malo amodzi. Komabe, zonyansa sizitchedwa kuti zopanda malire. Ndizosasintha kwambiri, choncho amakonda kuchita chilichonse malinga ndi dongosolo latsopanolo.
Ataleredwa kwa munthu, pang'onopang'ono zaukhondo zimakhala chiweto chokoma mtima komanso chosangalatsa, kukonda munthu wake. Woimira aliyense wamtunduwu ndi mphaka yemwe akusamba, choncho nyamayo sikukana kusewera ndi mwini wake kapena abale ena. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti usaiwale kuti koyamba mphaka ndi nyama yolusa. Pokhala chisangalalo, mphaka imatha kuvulaza munthu mwangozi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma caracals amadziona ngati olamulira gawo lawo. Nyama imayenderana ndi ziweto zina, koma imachita mantha panthawi yomwe mlendo akuwoneka. Komanso amphakawa amachita chidwi kwambiri. M'menemo amawoneka ngati agalu. Ngati wina agogoda pachitseko kapena mawu osamveka akumveka, nyamayo ndiye adzakhala woyamba kuthamangira kukaphunzira gwero la mawu. Katoni samamera, koma amalira ndi kulira ngati mimbulu. Mwanjira imeneyi, nyamayo ikuwonetsa grin yake. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mphaka akuganiza kuti akufuna kudya nyama (chakudya) kuchokera kwa iye kapena ngati pali chiwembu chowopsa cha anthu / nyama.
Moyo Wachipululu
Akatuni amakhala kumadambo kumapiri ndi kumapiri. Amphaka sakonda zipululu zopanda kanthu, chifukwa amasankha malo okhala ndi malo okhala (tchire, mitengo yaying'ono, etc.). Amphaka amtchire amatha kupita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amatha kupirira chilala. Tchuni zimafunikira ndi nyama kuti zitha kubisala pakatentha kwambiri masana.
Katoni amasaka usiku, ndipo amagona masana. M'nyengo yanjala (nyengo yachisanu ndi masika), nyama zamkati zimasaka masana. Kuti atsatire nyama zawo, amphaka amabisala m'miyala ya m'mapiri, m'ming'alu ya nyama zazikulu komanso mumitengo. Mwa njira, nthawi zina malo omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphaka kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana. Caracals samasinthasintha kuti ayende mtunda wautali, choncho ndikosavuta kwa iye kuti atsate omwe akumugwira ndikumupeza ndi kudumpha kamodzi. Wotsogola amatha kudumpha mpaka mamita 4.5 kutalika.
Amphaka am'chipululu chamtchire amakonda kukhala kwayekha. Munthu aliyense "adapatsidwa" tsamba lake, amphaka amateteza gawo lawo kuti lisasunthidwe ndi ena oimira mitundu. Amuna amakhala m'malo ambiri odyetsa, ndipo akazi amakhala okhutira ndi madera otumphukira.
Zakudya za Caracal
Zovala zamphamvu, zakuthwa komanso kuthekera kudumphira kutali ndikutali zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo igwire mbalame zingapo nthawi imodzi. Ngati gulu linalake likukhala pafupi ndi chilombo, amphaka atha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu. Chakudya chachikulu cha mphaka wamtchire ndi tizilombo komanso nyama zazing'ono zamiyendo inayi:
- nyongolosi
- jerboas
- anzeru
- zokopa
- zingwe zazing'ono
- gazelles (ku Turkmenistan).
Pafupipafupi, tiziromboto, ma hedgehogs ndi zodzitukumula zimayamba kuvutika ndi amphaka. Nthawi zambiri, nyamayi imatha kugwira nkhandwe kapena mongoose. Ngati nyama zomwe zalembedwazo zitasiya kupezeka pagawo la nyama yolusa, nyama zam'mimbazi zimatha kulimbana ndi nkhuku kapena ana a nkhosa / ana. Pamodzi ndi nyamayo, nyamayo imalandira madzi. Izi zikufotokoza kulekerera chilala kosavuta. Payokha, madzi amphaka awa ndiosankha. Ngati wophedwayo sanadye nthawi yomweyo, nyamayo imabisala nyama yake ngati mseru. Nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ngati nkhokwe. Kukula kwa mphaka wamtchire kumadalira phindu la kusaka. Masewera obisalira atha kutambasulidwa kwa masiku angapo ngati adani ena sakupeza.
Caracal osiyanasiyana komanso gawo la zachilengedwe
Makatuni okhala m'mayikidwe a mayiko ndi ma kontinenti ambiri:
- maiko angapo ku Africa,
- Chilumba cha Arabia
- Asia Wamng'ono
- Pafupi ndi East,
- m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian,
- madera akumwera kwa Turkmenistan,
- kum'mawa kwa Kyrgyzstan
- Uzbekistan (dera la Bukhara).
caracal wakhala niche yonse mu chakudya
Ku Russia, zikatuni zimapezeka ku Dagestan kokha (m'malo opezekapo kumapeto). Mtundu wa caracal uli ndi mitundu ingapo:
- Caracal caracal (Sudan ndi South Africa),
- Caracal caracal algira (North Africa),
- Caracal carrenal senyerensis (Namibia),
- Caracal caracal lungwaneensis (Botswana),
- Caracal caracal lucani (Gabon),
- Caracal caracal michaelis (Turkmenistan),
- Caracal caracal nubicus (Sudan ndi Ethiopia),
- Caracal carecal poecilictis (Nigeria),
- Caracal caracal schmitzi (Arabia, India).
osakwatira omwe amapha nyama nawonso amapezeka ku Russia
Makatoni amakhala pamiyala yonse pachabe. Predator amawononga makoswe ndi tizirombo. M'madera ouma, ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa makoswe amatha kudya zotsalira za mbewu zomwe zasowa kale. Kuphatikiza apo, amphaka amtchire amapha mbalame. M'malo achipululu mumatha kukhalanso mbalame zochulukirapo, kukula kwake kungakhale kosadalirika, komanso kuyesa kwachuma ichi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati mbalameyo ikuduladula tizilombo.
Kwa mamiliyoni a zaka, chilengedwe chakhala chikukula pakati pa nyama. Kuti zotsalira za chilengedwe zisasokonezedwe, makatuni amayeneranso kukhala okhudzidwa. Kuchuluka kwa anthu sikudzakhudzidwa ngati amphaka amtchire atafa chifukwa cha mano a zilombo zazikulu. Lynx, fisi, mimbulu yolusa komanso nyama zina zazikulu zimatha kulimbana ndi mphaka-lynx. Komabe, malire osalimba amasweka pamene munthu alowa nawo masewerawa.
Desert Cat Moyo Wokugwidwa
Ngati m'mbuyomu zolemba za caracal zimawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha umphawi, tsopano ndi njira inanso yozungulira. Mwana wamphaka wambiri amawonongeratu ndalama zambiri, ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake zimatha "kuuluka" tambala wokongola, kotero anthu achuma okha ndi omwe angathe kugula chiweto chodziwika bwino. Munthu amene wabweretsa mphaka wamtchire ayenera kudziwa malamulo oyendetsera nyama. Caracal ndioyenera kukhala m'nyumba yanyumba, chifukwa pakufunika kuyenda pafupipafupi. Pa chiwembu chanu mutha kupanga ndege. Malowa ayenera kuti azingidwa ndi mpanda wokwera. Kuphatikiza apo, mu aviary payenera kukhala nyumba yaying'ono yotenthetsera nyama (ma caracals samalekerera kuzizira).
Zosamalidwa
Ngati mphaka-lynx watengedwa kuti azikonza pakhomo, ndiye kuti chiwetocho chimayenera kuyenda. Ngati izi sizinachitike, wolusa amasula zonse mnyumba mwake. Kuyenda ndi chiweto chanu ndizotheka pokhoma. Komanso, kubowola pang'ono sikungathandize, mukusowa chida chokhala ndi lamba wolimba (ngati agalu akulu). Kuti mphaka uyime modekha ndi zingwe, muyenera kuphunzitsa kolala yanu kuyambira ubwana. Ngakhale mutapanda kutulutsa nkhuku, valani kolala kamodzi pa tsiku kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 (nthawi yomweyo).
Panali nthawi ina pomwe ndinkafuna leash yolimba. Kuphika mtengo kwambiri komwe ndidapeza kunali kotalika (pafupifupi 5 cm) ndi wandiweyani (pafupi 0.5 cm). Koma poyenda koyamba, adasiyana ndi kolala.Likukhalira kuti ngakhale khola lolimba kwambiri komanso kolala yapamwamba kwambiri sizisunga chilombo cholimba ngati chikugwirizana ndi mafuta wamba a aluminium. Chifukwa chake, pamalangizo a okonda agalu odziwa ntchito, ndimayenera kugula nyama yatsopano. Amabwera m'njira zingapo. Chodalirika kwambiri - chidutswa chimodzi, chosawotchera mphete. Mphepete mwa carbine chotere ndiyifupi (pafupifupi 1 cm) yomwe ili mbali yayitali. Ndipo ndidagula mpheteyo padera.
Sikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi mphaka wolimba kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ana aang'ono. Mwana amatha "kusewera" cholusa mwanjira yoti abwezere, koma os kuwerengera mphamvu zake. Kuti nyamayo isakande aliyense, ayenera kudula nsapato zake. Ndikwabwino kuzolowera izi kuyambira ubwana, chifukwa munthu wamkulu ndi wovuta kwambiri kuti agonjetse, ndipo njira yodulira ziboliboli siosangalatsa.
kusunga zanyumba kunyumba kumatenga nthawi yambiri komanso khama
Kusamba nyambo sikofunikira konse. Nyamayo imatha kudzilimira yokha, chifukwa chake njira yamadzi imangolimbikitsidwa pokhapokha mwadzidzidzi. Koma muyenera kuyang'ana pafupipafupi ndikuyeretsa ngodya zamaso ndi makutu. Kuti muyeretse makutu anu muyenera kuphatikizira ndi masamba a thonje ndi mtundu wina wamafuta (kapena mafuta odzola). Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, ngati muvulaza mphaka, ikhoza kukuluma. Ndipo mukuyeneranso nthawi zina kuthana ndi mphaka wakuthengo. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugula burashi yokhala ndi maburashi achilengedwe kapena ma minitens a massage. Chofunikira kwambiri pochita izi ndikuti nyamayo iyenera kuganiza kuti imakodwa kuti izisangalatsa. Mwanjira imeneyi chilombo chidzagonja. Mokulira, chinthu chachikulu pankhani ya maphunziro akhunyu si kuwonjezerera. Mphaka zonsezi siziyenera kulangidwa.
Ndipo ndimakonda kwambiri zodzola. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa ma servals, koma chikhalidwe chawo ndimachidziwika bwino, popeza ndakumanapo ndi lynxes kuyambira ndili mwana. Chifukwa chake nditha kunena motsimikiza kuti: Ngakhale zirombo zazikulu ngati lynx sizimenya munthu. Pafupifupi konse. Kupatula kumatheka pokhapokha pokhapokha: mukamapita kumalo ogona ndi ana, lynx imayima pamsewu wanu ndikuwachenjeza, ndipo mumatenga sitepe. Pokhapokha amatha kuthamanga. Ma Lynxes sadzakumana ndi munthu monga choncho, koma ayenera kukhala ndi njira yobwererera (malo omwe angapite). Chifukwa chake, simungayese kukakamiza lynx kuti ichite kena kake kapena kuwalanga poyiyendetsa pakona - ikuwukira.
Julia L., wogwiritsa ntchito pa forum
http://chins.ru/showthread.php/12163- Ocelot- Karakal- Serval-- Savannah / tsamba8
Kanema: Chowetera choopsa
Monga mphaka wina aliyense, caracal imazolowera bwino threyi. Koma muyenera kukonza malo abwino kuchimbudzi. Mphaka wamtundu wanthawi zonse m'chipindacho ndi wongoyenera kamphaka wamtchire wamtchire. Wachinyamata wamavuto sadzakhalanso mmenemo. Muphika uyenera kukhala wokulirapo ndi wozama. Chosefera chingakhale chilichonse, koma chamtundu wake chizolowera chilombo (chimanunkhira utuchi). Matayala amayenera kukhala m'chipinda chachete, kutali ndi phokoso lakunja. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuchita pafupipafupi kupewa kupewa kwa helminthiases, komanso vaccinations. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera "kupanga zibwenzi" ndi veterinarian yemwe angakuchezereni nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, a caracal amatha kukhala ndi zaka 20.
Caracal Margosha akadali ocheperako kwa miyezi iwiri yokha. Koma amapita kukatundu wamphaka wamba pa thewera, ndipo anakana kukhuta.
tsabola, wogwiritsa ntchito pamchezo (mwiniwake wa caracals)
https://forums.zooclub.ru/showthread.php?t=95713
Momwe mungadyetsere zoziziritsa kukhosi
Zakudya zanyumba siziyenera kukhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe
Kukhala ndi Caracal ndi munthu kumafunika kudyetsedwa nyama. Ili ndiye gawo lalikulu la zakudya. Zakudya zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zama protein:
- nyama yamtundu uliwonse
- nyama yotseka,
- nyama ya kalulu ndi kalulu,
- chakudya makoswe
- chidole cha nkhuku (nkhuku, bakha, etc.),
- nyama yokazinga ndi nkhuku,
- nsomba zosaphika.
Kuphatikiza apo, steppe lynx imafunikira mavitamini ndi michere. Kuti thupi la mphaka lisamavutike ndi kuchepa kwawo, mutha kugula mavitamini apadera (poyamba muyenera kufunsa dokotala). Dyetsani nyama yomwe imadya kawiri pa tsiku. Kukula kotumidwa kumawerengeredwa potengera kulemera kwa nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, caracal imafunikira madzi oyera. Mbale yamadzi imayenera kutsukidwa tsiku lililonse. Ngati muli ndi mphaka wamtchire, ndiye kuti malamulo odyetserawo akhoza kukhala osiyana. Chifukwa chake ana amphaka ang'ono kwambiri amadyetsedwa mkaka. Izi ziyenera kuchitika osachepera mwezi umodzi.
Mwana wa mphaka ayenera kudyetsedwa mkaka kwa mwezi umodzi
Pang'onopang'ono, zidzakhala zofunikira kupereka zakudya zowonjezera kuchokera ku chimanga. Mphalati imadziwikitsa kuti ikakonzeka chakudya chokalamba. Pakatha mwezi, mutha kuyesa kupereka nyama (m'magawo ang'onoang'ono).
Ana a caracal amakula, adayamba kudya nyama, koma Butuz (caramel) amakonda mkaka pakadali pano.
tsabola, wogwiritsa ntchito pamchezo (mwiniwake wa caracals)
https://forums.zooclub.ru/showthread.php?t=95713
Nthawi ina, tidasiyidwa ndimphaka kuchokera kwa mphaka wa oyandikana nawo (adawabweretsa, ndipo iyemwini adasowa kwamuyaya). Ndinkadzidyetsa tokha. Choyamba, mkaka udapinda mapaipi, kenako ndikudyetsa kudzera mu nipple (kuyika nipple pa penicillin vial). Amawopa kupereka mkaka wa ng'ombe, adagula mkaka wa mbuzi. Dokotala wodziwika bwino wazaka zam'madzi anena kuti kwa ana a makanda obadwa kumene, mkaka wa munthu wina uyenera kukhala wonenepa kwambiri, motero tidawupaka ndi madzi owiritsa (1: 1).
Thanzi Lakuthengo Lakutchire
Ngati nyamayi imasungidwa bwino, imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe ikakhalira kuthengo (zaka 15 mpaka 15). Ziphuphu zakutchire zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo sizinapangidwe kumatenda aliwonse. Pazifukwa izi, ziweto zilizonse zolusa zitha kulankhula chisamaliro chosayenera. Apa kutenga nawo gawo kwa veterinarian kumatenga gawo lofunikira.
makatoni okhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chamthupi
Mphaka uyenera katemera koyamba m'miyezi itatu, ndipo pakatha mwezi wina uyenera kubwerezedwanso. Katemera wovomerezeka ayenera kukhala katemera motsutsana ndi matenda otsatirawa:
Ngati chiweto sichikumva bwino, zizikonzedwa patsiku lina. Makamaka chisamaliro chikuyenera kulipira katemera wa achinyamata. Nthawi yakusintha kwa mano, nyama zotsogola zimatha kutentha kwambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukayezetsa veistinarian miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Dokotala wodziwa bwino yekha wothandizidwa ndi akatswiri amatha kudziwa chlamydia yemwe amadwala. Chinyama chimatha kukhala chonyamula matendawa popanda mawonekedwe owoneka. Ngati chinyama sichinagulidwe kuti chiziswana, iyenera kukhazikitsidwa / kusungidwa. Chifukwa chake sangalembe gawo, kuphatikiza apo, nyama zosalala ndizokhazikika komanso zachikondi.
Ndikhulupilira kuti mutha kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi veterinarian wanu. Ndilumikizana ndi veterinarian yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi mphaka wanga. Kuphatikiza apo, maubale ochezeka amathandizira wothandizira kuti asayiwale za ife. Sindikukumbukira malingaliro onse omwe adotolo "amat" adatipatsa. Koma akudziwa kuti tili ndiulendo wautali wopita ku chipatala (ali tsidya lina la mzindawo), chifukwa chake amathanso kuyimba kuti amukumbutse za zinazake.
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu
M'madera ena ku Africa, pamakhala nyama zambiri, motero zimadziwika kuti ndi nyama wamba. Mphaka wamtchire imatha kuvulaza minda ndi minda, chifukwa chake imasakidwa ngati tizilombo. Kuchulukitsa dala kwamtunduwu kunapangitsa kuchepa kwa mitundu.
umodzi mwazinthu zopangika ukhoza kutha
Ku Central Asia, kuli nyama zochepa kwambiri. Imodzi mwamasamba (Caracal caracal michaelis) wokhala ku Turkmenistan amadziwika kuti ali pangozi. Palibenso anthu opitilira 300. Amabukuwa adalembedwa mu Zakumapeto II CITES (mndandanda wamitundu ya nyama malinga ndi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna).
Caracal ndi mtundu wa zilombo zomwe zimadya nyama zamphaka. Amadziwika kuti amphaka amtchire ndi nkhokwe zam'chipululu. Amakhala m'matanthwe ndi kumaponda, amakhala moyo wawekha ndikusaka nyama zazing'ono. Makatoni ali ngati nkhumba ndi lynxes. Amakwerekanso mitengo mosadumphadumpha. Komabe, iwonso akhoza kugwidwa ndi adani. Caracal imatha kusinthidwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonzekeretsa owerenga. Akapolo, amphaka amtchire amafunika kudyetsedwa nyama. Kuti chipululu cha lynx chikhale ndi moyo wautali komanso chathanzi, chimayenera kupereka chisamaliro chabwino komanso kutenga nawo mbali veterinarian.
Maonekedwe, malongosoledwe a caracal
Mowoneka, nyamayo imafanana ndi lynx, koma ili ndi kukula kochepa thupi, imasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yowonekera. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumakhala pakati pa 65-82 masentimita, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira ndi 25-30 cm ndi kutalika kwa nyama kufinya kwa masentimita 44-46. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu sikuyenera kupitirira 13-22 kg. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa nsonga za makutu a mabrashi otuwa mpaka 50 mm. Pazithunzi pali tsitsi loluka, lomwe limathandiza kuti nyamayo iziyenda mosavuta ngakhale pamchenga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zina opanga mankhwalawa amapezeka kumalo achilengedwe. Mitembo yotereyi imadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri, wosakhazikika pamtunduwu, pafupifupi madontho akuda.
Thupi limakutidwa ndi ubweya wamfupi komanso loyera. Kutsuka kwa tsitsili kumafanana ndi ubweya wampando waku North America, ndipo umaimiriridwa ndi mchenga kapena bulawuni wokhala ndi bulauni wokhala ndi gawo loyera. Gawo lotsatira la muzzle limasiyanitsidwa ndi zilembo zakuda, zooneka bwino. Zoyang'ana m'makutu ndi kunja kwa makutu zakuda. Poyerekeza ndi mchenga wamchenga, mapira ophulika sakhala osawoneka. M'chilimwe, nyama yolusa imasungunuka, ndikusintha ubweya wake ndi chopepuka, koma chovala chofanana ndi chowala.
Zochita ndi malo
Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amapha nyama amapezeka ku Africa, ku Peninsula ya Arabia, ku Asia Minor komanso ku Middle East. Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha ma stepp lynx omwe amakhala kum'mwera kwa Turkmenistan, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi chigwa cha Mangyshlak, komanso kum'mawa kwa Kyrgyzstan ndi Bukhara kudera la Uzbekistan. M'dziko lathu, anthu osakwatirana amapezeka kumapeto ndi zipululu kudera la Dagestan.
Khalidwe la Steppe Lynx
Ma steppe lynxes amagwirizana bwino ndi oimira ena ambiri amphaka wa mphaka. Makatuni samalowa m'malo achipululu nthawi zambiri, koma amatha kulekerera chilala mosavuta ndikupita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Masana, makatuni amathawira ku kutentha kwa masana m'nkhalango zowuma, ndipo usiku ukagwa amasaka. Caracal imadziwika ndi moyo wokha, ndipo malo ake omwe amakhala ndi zakudya amatetezedwa mosamalitsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula kwa malo otetezedwa kwa akuluakulu ophukira lynx ndikosangalatsa, ndipo kumatha kusiyana 4 km mpaka 300 km kapena kupitilirapo, pomwe akazi amasankha madera ochepa.
Zovala zamkati ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso makutu abwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyama zodya nyama zizigwira mwakachetechete komanso moyenera. Nyamayo ikapezeka, nyamayo imakonda kuigwira. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi miyendo yolimba, mbalameyi imatha kuthamangitsa nyama kwa nthawi yayitali, motero imasaka nyama yobisalira.
Nyama za Caracal zimatha kusoka, makoswe osiyanasiyana, mbalame, ma hedgehogs, zopondera, anyani, antelopes ang'ono, mongooses, komanso ankhandwe ndi mitundu yonse ya zokwawa. Wotsogoza wamkulu amatha kuthana ndi nyama zomwe zimakula, zomwe ndi zochulukirapo kawiri kuposa kanyama. Nyama zing'onozing'ono zimaphedwa ndi kuluma kamodzi mwamphamvu, ndipo nyama yayikulu, monga lamulo, imafa ikamazungulira. Nyamayo imabisalira zotsala za chakudya chosakonzeka, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, chimadya pakapita kanthawi.
Adani akuluakulu a caracal
Zinyama zazikulu kwambiri monga mkango ndi ma fisi zimatha kugunda steppe lynx, pomwe ma caracth amathawira munkhokwe zowuma. Adani azachilengedwe amaphatikizanso mimbulu yolusa ndi agalu a alabai, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuteteza nkhosa.
Posachedwa, nyama zamoto zimawonongedwa dala ndi anthu, chifukwa chofunikira kuteteza ziweto kuti zisagwidwe. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa chiwerengerocho kunathandizira kukhazikitsa kwa steppe lynx mndandanda wazitetezedwe zotetezedwa, ndipo kusaka nyama yamtunduwu ndizoletsedwa m'gawo la mayiko a CIS.
Kudera lakale la India, komanso ku Persia, mbalamezi zimakonda kupha nyama zakuthengo monga anangumi, ma buluzi, nkhwangwa. Kusaka kwamtunduwu kunali kotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu osauka, chifukwa ma caracals anali otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa anyama, komanso samafunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso chakudya chochuluka.
Zinali zosavuta kusamalira nyama yotere, koma nyama yolumikizidwa bwino yokhala ngati nyama yabwino komanso yosangalatsa. Masiku ano, kusunga nyama yamphaka yayikulu kunyumba kwakhala chizindikiro cha chuma komanso kutchuka kwambiri. Ma caracel osavomerezeka amatengedwa ndi anthu ambiri olemera ngati ziweto zosowa. Komabe, mtengo wa nyama yokoma motere ndi wokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake, si aliyense amene angagule ndi kupitiliza kukonza nyumbayo.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza, ukhondo
Simungalandire nyama yokhazikika yokhazikika ngati muli ndi ana asukulu zamsukulu zakunyumba. Kusamalira kunyumba kwa steppe lynx kumafuna ndalama zambiri, komanso nthawi ndi kuyesetsa. Kusamba nyama ndikotheka pokhapokha mwadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza kwakanthawi, komanso ukhondo wamaso ndi khutu, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira pakhomo. Pamafunika nthawi kuti muchepetse zopanga. Ndikofunika kuphunzitsa mphaka wamtchire kutayikira komanso kolala kuyambira ubwana, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosavuta kuyenda ndi nyama.
Zofunika! Mukasunga nyama munyumba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera kuyenda mumsewu, chifukwa nyama yodyerayi imafunikiradi masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuthamanga.
Ndikofunika kugula nyama zowonongera m'nyumba zapakhomo, kumene wowetedwa ndiweto amafunika kukonzera ndege yapadera yamtundu uliwonse wa zida zosangalatsa ndi zochitika zamagalimoto.
Sitepe yotsika imatha kudumpha bwino, motero gawo liyenera kumangidwa ndi mpanda wokwanira bwino. Nyama siyilekerera kuzizira kwambiri, kotero malo okhala mlengalenga amafunika kukhala ndi makina otentha kwambiri.
Masanjidwe
- C. c. algira - Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia,
- C. c. zachifundo - Central Africa ndi South Africa
- C. c. mimos - Namibia,
- C. c. lungwaneensis - Botswana ndi kumpoto kwa South Africa,
- C. c. lucani - Kumpoto kwa Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon ndi Republic of Congo,
- C. c. nubica - Cameroon, Ethiopia ndi kumwera kwa Sudan,
- C. c. poecilotis - Senegal, Nigeria, Niger ndi kumadzulo kwa Sudan,
- C. c. schmitzi - Afghanistan, kumadzulo India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Syria, kumwera kwa Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Uzbekistan.
Zomwe mungadyetse nyama
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, kudya kwanyama kumayimiriridwa ndi nyama, chifukwa chake, kunyumba, nyama ndi nyama, komanso hare, kalulu ndi makoswe wowotcha ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mutha kudyetsa steppe lynx ndi nyama yaiwisi yotsika mtengo kwambiri ya nkhuku, komanso nsomba ndi nyama yoboola.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zakudya za caracal ndi mavitamini ndi mchere. Monga lamulo, chakudya chimaperekedwa kwa wolusa zoweta kangapo patsiku, ndipo chigawocho chiyenera kuwerengedwa potengera zaka komanso kulemera kwa nyama yodabwitsayo. Pamalo opezeka ayenera kukhala mbale ya madzi oyera ndi abwino.
Habitat
Makatuni okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, amapezeka m'malo okhala mitengo, m'nkhalangozi ndi zitsamba, m'zipululu komanso m'matanthwe. Amphaka awa amakonda malo akunja a malo, makamaka kusintha kwa nkhalango / dambo. Ma steppe lynxes ali pamtunda wamitunda yoposa 3,000 mamapiri ku Ethiopia. Malo omwe ndi abwino ndi omwe amakhala ndi masamba ochepa. Poyerekeza ndi serval, caracal imatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri.Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'chipululu kapena malo otentha. Ku Asia, nthawi zina amapezeka m'nkhalango, zomwe sizisowa kwa anthu aku Africa.
Matenda a Steppe lynx, kupewa
Mosiyana ndi amphaka ambiri am'makola am'makomo, ma steppe lynx samatetezeka kumatenda komanso amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri mthupi. Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo ndizosasamalidwa kwa chiweto chachilendo, zinthu zokhudzana ndi zaka kapena chisamaliro chamadokotala osazolowereka popanda kupewa.
Zofunika! Steppe lynx ikhoza kukhala chonyamula chlamydia, koma mawonetseredwe aliwonse amtunduwu m'gulu lodana ndi nyama zosowa kwathunthu kulibe.
Katemera woyamba amaperekedwa kwa amphaka wambiri atakwanitsa miyezi itatu, ndipo kubwezeretsanso kumachitika mwezi umodzi. Kenako muyenera kutemera chiweto ku matenda a chiwewe. Katemera motsutsana ndi panleukemia, rhinotracheitis ndi calcevirosis amakhazikikanso. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira zodzitetezera munthawi yakusintha kwa dzino kapena ngati steppe lynx siyimva bwino. Kuyendera kosankhidwa kumafunika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
Zosautsa ndi mavuto a maphunziro
Monga lamulo, amphaka olimbidwa bwino komanso otetezedwa bwino sakhala akuipa. Kuti izi zitheke, nyama yamphongo yoyenera kudya iyenera kugulidwa ngakhale yaying'ono, kuchokera kwa makolo omwe asinthidwa kale. Ma steppe lynxes ndi amphaka osakhala amkhalidwe, osasinthidwa kuti azikhala m'gulu, chifukwa chake amphaka amtchire nthawi zonse amamenyana ndi abale awo ndikuwathamangitsa m'gawo lawo.
Oimira mitundu ina nawonso ndi ovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika za caracals zomwe zimagunda agalu omwe amapitilira kukula kwawo. Amphaka amtchire ndi mafoni kwambiri, amakonda masewera osiyanasiyana, amakonda mwachangu komanso amaphunzira.
Ngati chiweto chachilendo sichinakonzekere kuswana, ndiye kuti chosawilitsidwa kapena kutulutsidwa ndiye njira yabwino. Amphaka owoneka bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mkodzo, ndipo amphaka amtundu wake omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yake amakhala osinthika ndipo samawonetsa mkwiyo kwa eni ake.
Poti mugule, choti muziyang'ana
Ndikofunika kugula nyama yam'madzi mu nazale yapadera, momwe zingathekere kuwonera momwe agalu apangiridwe ndi ana awo agulitsidwe. Monga lamulo, nyama yochokera ku nazale idazolowera kale thirakiti ndi njira zoyambirira za ukhondo.
Nthawi zina malo osungirako nyama amagulitsanso nyama zakutchire, koma zoweta zachilengedwe zotere sizitha kukhala zosasangalatsa, ndipo zimavuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa. Mosamala kwambiri, muyenera kuthana ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa pa intaneti, pomwe nyama zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa zimapezeka kumalo achilengedwe.
Chinyama chathanzi chimadziwika ndi chilakolako chabwino, kusunthasuntha komanso kusewera. Ndikofunika kulabadira zamtundu wa mphaka pamaso pa anthu ndi momwe amaonera alendo. Musanagule, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mphaka womwe mukugula ulibe chizindikiro cha matenda, maso ndi makutu oyera. Chovalacho chizikhala chofewa komanso chonyezimira. Amphaka ayenera kukhala ndi chiphaso cha Chowona Chanyama, momwe muli zidziwitso za chipatala chamankhwala chazanyama zokhudzana ndi katemera amene wachitika.
Mtengo wa nyama
Mpaka pano, mtengo wamba wa kakhitchini wa mitengo yayikulu mdziko lathu lino umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi ma ruble 410-450,000. Makamaka omwe ali ndi mitengo yokwera mtengo ndi omwe amasungunuka, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yachilendo, komanso anthu oyenera kubereka. Mphaka wamtembo amapezeka mosavuta ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuchepera. Nyama yakale yokhala ndi zovuta kwambiri imazolowera eni akewo ndipo sizikhala bwino m'malo osadziwika.
Ndemanga za eni
Malinga ndi oberekeza odziwa zambiri a steppe lynx, umwini wakunyumba wakunja kwa nyumba yokhala ndi kampata yolumikizidwa ndizofunika kwambiri kusunga mphaka wamtchire. Dera lokhazikika la mpanda woterewu muyenera kukhala osachepera 15-16 m 2. Mchipindacho muyenera kukhazikitsa masitepe apadera, mashelufu kuti mudumphe, komanso chovala pazovala zamkati mwa chipika kapena barunda yamatamba yokutidwa ndi hemp twine.
Zofunika! Kulera khola lanyumba kuyenera kuyambira kuyambira ubwana. Mwa machitidwe ake pamasewera, steppe lynx amafanana ndi galu. Ngakhale makatuni ang'onoang'ono amakonda kuthamangitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikubweretsa kwa mbuye wawo.
Kwa masewera, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula zoseweretsa zamphamvu komanso zodalirika zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zolimba.. Nyamayi imazolowera mosavuta komanso kolala, zipsepse ndi phokoso ngati mphaka wamba. Steppe lynx, ngati kuli kotheka, ali bwino komanso amazolowera kuchimbudzi ngati matayala.
Caracal yakunyumba imakhala yobwezera kwambiri ndipo imakumbukira bwino malingaliro amwano kapena chilango chakuthupi. Pakubwezera, nyamayo imatha kukanda kapena kuluma mwini, komanso kuwononga mipando yonse m'nyumba. Ngati palibe kudzidalira, ndiye kuti kuphunzitsidwa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kukope akatswiri omwe angapangitse amphaka wakuthengo zovuta zonse zofunika ndikuyanjanitsa nyama mwachangu.
Kodi nyamayi imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Caracal Cat
Malo omwe amakhala ndi zozungulira kuchokera ku Africa kudzera ku Middle East mpaka ku India. Imasinthika bwino ndi moyo wankhalwe wamasiku onse mu savannah, nkhalango youma, chipululu, mapiri owuma komanso mapiri owuma. Ku Africa, nyama zam'madzi zimagawidwa kumwera kwa Sahara, koma zimawoneka ngati zachilendo ku North Africa. Ku Asia, madera ake amachokera ku Arabia Arabia Peninsula, Middle East, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan mpaka kumadzulo India.
Ku North Africa, chiwerengero cha anthu chikusowa, koma kumadera ena a ku Africa kudakali zoopsa zambiri. Malo awo okhala ndi chipululu cha Sahara ndi lamba wamatchire a West ndi Central Africa. Ku South Africa ndi Namibia, C. caracal ndi yochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti imaperekedwa ngati nyama yosasangalatsa. Anthu okhala ku Asia ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi aku Africa.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nthawi zina ma carac anaphunzitsidwa kusaka mbalame ku Iran ndi India. Anawaika m'bwalomo lomwe lili ndi gulu la nkhunda, ndipo ma bets amapangidwira kuchuluka kwa mphaka yomwe imapha mbalamezo mu kulumpha kamodzi.
Mitunduyi imakhala m'nkhalango, malo otetezedwa, malo otsetsereka, nkhalango zowirira, koma malo abwino okhala opanda mvula komanso kupezeka pogona. M'malo okhala m'mapiri, izi zimachitika pamtunda wamtunda wa 3000. Nyengo youma yokhala ndi chivundikiro chocheperako imakonda nyama. Poyerekeza ndi servals, ma caracals amatha kulekerera zambiri zouma. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'zipululu kapena malo otentha. Ku Asia, nyama za nyama nthawi zina zimapezeka m'nkhalango, zomwe sizimadziwika kuti nzika za ku Africa.
Ku Benin, Panjari National Park, makamera a msampha adalemba zojambula zamtoto. Kumtunda kwa Abu Dhabi, bambo wamakhola adapezeka akugwiritsa ntchito makamera a msampha ku Jebel Hafit National Park mu february 2019, womwe ndi mlandu woyamba kuyambira 1984. Ku Uzbekistan, caracal adangojambulidwa padera la chipululu cha Ustyurt landau komanso m'chipululu cha Kyzylkum. Pakati pa 2000 ndi 2017, anthu 15 adawoneka amoyo ndipo osachepera 11 adaphedwa ndi abusa.
Kodi nyama yamatumbo imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Caracal Desert Lynx
Makatoni ndiwosangalatsadi. Zigawo zikuluzikulu za zakudyazo zimasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala. Anthu aku Africa amatha kudya nyama zokulirapo, monga zilulu, pomwe mphaka waku Asia amadya timagulu tating'ono tating'ono, monga makoswe. Zinyama sizitha kuzunzidwa. Ngakhale nyama za m'matumbo zimadziwika chifukwa chodumphadumpha mochititsa chidwi akagwira mbalame, zoposa theka la chakudya chawo zomwe ndi zinyama m'magulu onse okhala.
Gawo lalikulu la menyu anyama ndi:
Nkhunda ndi phala ndizofunikira kumtundu.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina amatha kusaka:
- mapiri
- gazelle dorkas
- mbawala zamapiri
- Herenuk
- stenboki,
- Wopusa wachi Africa.
Zakudya zam'madzi zamtundu wa nyama zimadya nyama zamtunduwu, ngakhale izi sizinthu zodziwika bwino m'zakudya. Amakhala amphaka pakati pa amphaka a kukula kwawo ndipo amatha kupha nyama kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka katatu kulemera kwawo. Kudya kakang'ono kumaphedwa ndi kuluma kwa nape, pomwe kulasidwa kwakukulu kumawonongeka ndikuluma pakhosi. Nyama imakonda kugwidwa pamene nyambo ikulumphira pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yakumbuyo komanso yolowa kumbuyo.
Chosangalatsa: Caracal imatha kudumphira m'mwamba ndikuwombera mbalame 10-12 nthawi imodzi!
Asanadye nyama yake, nthawi zambiri nyama "imasewera" kwa mphindi pafupifupi 5-25, kusuntha ndi miyendo yake. Woyendetsa pang'ono atha kuponyedwa mlengalenga, kenako nkugwidwa. Zifukwa za izi sizikudziwika bwino. Monga nyalugwe, nyamayi imatha kukwera mitengo ndipo nthawi zina imasunga nyama yayikulu pama nthambi kuti ibwerere pambuyo pake. Izi zimalepheretsa nyama kuti idyedwe ndi mafisi ndi mikango, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo ipangitse bwino kwambiri momwe imasaka. Zovala zake zazikulu zokoka komanso miyendo yamphamvu zimamupatsa iye kukwera uku.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Lynx wopatsa
Caracal imatsogolera moyo wamadzulo, ngakhale zina zitha kuchitika masana. Komabe, mphaka ndiyobisalira kwambiri ndipo ndiyovuta kuyiona, kotero ntchito zake masana sizingachitike. Kafukufuku ku South Africa adawonetsa kuti ma caracals amakhala otakataka kwambiri pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsika pansi pa 20 ° C. Ntchito zimachepera kutentha kwambiri. Caracal nthawi zambiri imapezeka yokhayokha. Magulu okhawo omwe alembedwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi ana awo.
Caracal ndi nyama yokongola modabwitsa yopangidwa ndi masankhidwe achilengedwe. Imasinthidwa bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, imatha kukhalako popanda kumwa madzi, ndipo luso lake lodumpha limapatsanso umunthu.
Ichi ndi nyama yokhala pamtunda, amalemba malo okhala ndi mkodzo ndipo mwina, ndowe zosakutidwa ndi dothi. Amadziwika kuti nyama imodzi imatha kuthamangitsa zilombo zowirikiza kawiri kuposa izo. Nthawi yosaka nthawi zambiri imakhazikitsidwa ndi nyama, koma C. nyama nthawi zambiri imawonedwa pakusaka usiku. Ku Israeli, amuna amakhala ndi ma kilomita pafupifupi 220, ndipo akazi - 57 km². Madera achimuna kuchokera ku 270-1116 km² ku Saudi Arabia. Ku Mountain Zebra National Park (South Africa), madera achikazi amayambira pa 4.0 mpaka 6.5 km².
Maderawa amasunthana mwamphamvu. Mizere yooneka ndi penti ya nkhope nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yolankhulirana. Pali kulumikizana kwamatumbo ndi wina ndi mnzake posuntha mutu kuchokera kumbali kupita kumbali. Monga amphaka ena, ma caracal meows, growls, mendulo ndi oyeretsa.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Katuni a Caracal
Asanadutse, akazi amagawa mkodzo, fungo lake lomwe limakopa ndikuwadziwitsa abambo kuti ali okonzeka kukhwima. Kuyimba kosiyana muukwati ndi njira yokopa. Panali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana ya matingala omwe amawoneka ndi ma caracals. Abambo angapo akasamalira mzimayi, gulu limamenya nkhondo kuti limugone naye, kapena atha kusankha omwe akukwatirana naye, makamaka amuna akulu ndi akulu.
Matenga amapezeka ndi mabanja angapo mkati mwa sabata. Mkazi akasankha wokwatirana naye. Mabanja atha kukhala limodzi mpaka masiku anayi, pomwe kukopera kumachitika kangapo. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amuna ambiri amuna. Ngakhale kuti amuna ndi akazi onse amakhala achikulire pakati pa miyezi 7 ndi 10, kupatsirana bwino kudzachitika pakati pa miyezi 14 ndi 15.
Zachikazi zimatha kutentha nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka zakudya zazimayi. Pakakhala chakudya chochuluka (chomwe chimasiyana malinga ndi dera), chikazi chimakhala cha estrus. Izi zikufotokozera masiku oyambira kubadwa pakati pa Okutobala ndi Okutobala kumadera ena. Mkazi sangakhale ndi zinyalala zoposa chimodzi pachaka. Nthawi ya bere ndi kuyambira masiku 69 mpaka 81, ndipo wamkazi amabereka kuyambira pa 1 mpaka 6 kittens. Kuthengo, palibe ana oposa 3 pakubadwa.
Akazi amayika nthawi yambiri ndi mphamvu m'matumba awo. Khola la mitengo, dzenje losiyidwa, kapena phanga nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti abereke mwana komanso milungu inayi yoyambirira ya kubereka. Nthawi yomweyo, ana amayamba kusewera ndi kudya nyama. Chisamaliro chimapitilira mpaka mphaka atakhala ndi milungu pafupifupi 15, koma adzalandira ufulu weniweni m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu ndi umodzi.
Adani achilengedwe azachilengedwe
Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Caracal
Kudzibisira kwakunja ndiye chitetezo chachikulu kwa adani. Makatuni amakonda malo otseguka kuti azikhazikika, kotero akaopsezedwa, amagona pansi, ndipo chovala chake chofiirira chimakhala ngati chimabisala pompopompo. Kuphatikiza apo, amayenda mwachangu pamiyala yomwe imathandizanso kupewa nyama zazikuluzikulu:
Komabe, zilombozi sizimakonda kusaka nyama, mdani wake wamkulu ndi munthu. Anthu amawapha chifukwa chogwirira ziweto, ngakhale izi zimangochitika m'malo ena a nyama, koma zimayambitsa kufa kwakukulu (nyama 2219 m'dera limodzi). Izi ndizowona makamaka ku South Africa ndi Namibia, komwe mapulogalamu oyendetsa zilombo adayambitsidwa. Ngakhale ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, ma caracals amachulukirachulukira malo olimapo.
Amamenyedwanso chifukwa cha khungu lake komanso nyama yake, yomwe mafuko ena amawona kuti ndi abwino. Ngakhale kutayika kwa ntchito zamtunduwu ndizochepa, popeza zikopa za nyama sizofunikira pakati pa mayiko ena. Caracal imatha kukhala kuthengo kwa zaka 12, ndipo achikulire ena amakhala mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 17.
Ngakhale nyama zamphongo ndizodya nyama komanso nyama, mkango ndi fisi sizimazisaka nthawi zonse. Karkals ali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu pazachilengedwe monga kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina. Amatha chilichonse chomwe chilipo, ndipo amakhudza mphamvu zochepa posodza ndikupha. M'madera ena, nyama ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa kwambiri yomwe imapha mitundu ina ya omwe akuvutika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Caracal Cat
Kuchuluka kwa nyama zakuthengo sikudziwika, kotero kuwunika kwawo momwe anthu sangathere sikungatheke. Amadziwika kuti ndi osowa kapena ali pangozi ku Asia ndi North Africa. Pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Africa, amadziwika kuti ndi ochulukirapo komanso amagwira kulikonse kumene ali. Mitembo yokhala ndi poizoni yomwe imapha azisamba ambiri imamasulidwa ndi ma rancher kuti awononge zilombo.
Pakati pa 1931 ndi 1952, ma caracals 2,219 pachaka amafa ku South Africa panthawi yogwirira ntchito zolusa. Alimi aku Namibia omwe adayankha pazofunsidwa ndi boma akuti mpaka pano anthu omwe anaphedwa ndi carmbic alipo 2,800.
Chosangalatsa: Choopseza chowonjezereka ndicho kuwonongeka kwakuluzikulu kwa malo okhala. Pamene anthu akuyenda kudutsa m'deralo, nyama zimathamangitsidwa ndipo chizunzo chikukula.
Anthu akumderalo amapha nyama kuti ateteze ziweto. Kuphatikiza apo, akuwopsezedwa kuti asodza nyama ku Peninsula ya Arabia. Ku Turkey ndi Iran, makatoni nthawi zambiri amafa pangozi za pamsewu. Ku Uzbekistan, choopseza chachikulu cha nyama zanyumba ndikupha abusa kuti abwezere ziweto zomwe zawonongeka.
Osamala
Chithunzi: Caracal kuchokera ku Red Book
Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu aku Africa kwalembedwa mu CITES Appendix II, pomwe anthu aku Asia adalembedwa mu CITES Appendix I. Kusaka nyama za m'madzi ndi koletsedwa ku Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, India, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia ndi Turkey.Ku Namibia ndi South Africa, amadziwika kuti ndi "nyama yovuta", ndipo kusaka kumaloledwa kuteteza ziweto.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Caracal adalembedwa ku Uzbekistan kuti ikuwopsezedwa kuyambira 2009, komanso ku Kazakhstan kuyambira 2010.
Amakhulupirira kuti pafupi kutha ku North Africa, komwe kuli pangozi ku Pakistan, komwe kuli pangozi ku Jordan, koma khola pakati komanso kumwera kwa Africa. Kuchita malonda apadziko lonse ndi nyama monga zanyama ndizodziwika kwambiri ku USA, Russia, Canada ndi Netherlands. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ma kittens omwe amatumiza kumayiko ena kumawonedwa kuti ndi kotsika, pali zizindikiro kuti malonda awa akhoza kuchuluka.
Caracal yakhala pa mndandanda wa nyama zomwe sizikhudzidwa kwambiri kuyambira 2002, popeza zili ponseponse m'maiko opitilira 50 pomwe palibe choopseza nyamayo. Kutayika kwa malo okhala chifukwa kukukula kwaulimi, kumanga misewu ndi malo okhala ndiopseza kwambiri m'maiko onse.
Mbiri yakubadwa
Zipululu ndizosavuta kuzisintha. Chifukwa chake, ma Turks akale ndi achi Kazakh ochokera m'magulu osauka adapita nawo kokasaka nyama zam'madzi zofunafuna, zosaka nyama, anthambo, mbalame ndi izo. Popita nthawi, mafashoni a kusaka kotereku adatha. Pomwepo zidazimiririka ndikufunika kothetsa chipululu.
Mpaka 80s ya zaka zapitazi, oimira mtundu wa Caracal amphaka amapezeka kokha kuthengo ndi malo osungira nyama. Ku Zoo ya ku Moscow, mphaka wamba yemwe nthawi zambiri ankangoyenda munyanja kupita kumalo ogwirira, pambuyo pake mphaka wamtundu wokongola kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, timabichi tating'onoting'ono tachika m'makutu a mwana wakhanda.
Nkhani yodutsa mosadukiza, yomwe idapangidwa bwino, idafalikira mwachangu kuzungulira madera onse owonekera. Abusa adayamba kubereketsa mtundu wina wa mphaka.
Pakadali pano, pakati pa okonda zachilendo, kutchuka kwa amphaka achinyama kukukula kwambiri - nyama zokongola zomwe sizili bwino.
Mtanda pakati pa caracals ndi amphaka am'nyumba walembedwa movomerezeka ngati mtundu wa Caracat.
Kutanthauzira kwa Caracal
Kuchokera pamafotokozedwe a mtunduwu titha kuwona kuti mphaka wa m'chipululu mu nyama zina zofananira ndi lynx: makutu okhala ndi ngayaye, ana owumba mozungulira, miyendo yayikulu, komanso thupi lamankhwala olimba.
Kupanda kutero, akuwoneka ngati munthu wapadera:
- Pindani mokongola thupi loyezera masentimita 65-85 kutalika. Kutalika kufota 40-45 cm.
- Mchira wautali.
- Mutu yaying'ono.
- Wopatsa phokoso. Pali zikope zakuda kuzungulira maso, komanso pamasaya.
- Mphuno yayikulu yakuda ndi chizindikiro cha pinki pakati.
- Kutambalala makutu akuda 4-5 masentimita okwera ndi masamba amiyala yakuda. Mkati mwa makutuwo "adakonzedwa" ndi m'mphepete yoyera.
- Manja akulu akulu.
- Short yochepa sing'anga pakati.
Desert lynx imakhala ndi utoto wolimba wamchenga wokhala ndi tint yofiirira kapena ya bulauni. Mimba, khosi ndi chibwano zimapaka zoyera.
Kulemera kwa nyama ya munthu wamkulu kumatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa 12-18 kg.
Utali wamoyo
Zodalirika zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa moyo wa nyama zamatumbo, kuthengo, zanenedwapo. Monga oimira ena amphaka amphaka, amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali mu ukapolo (ndi chisamaliro chabwino) kuposa kuthengo. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe amakhala nayo ali mu ukapolo inali zaka 20 (mzimayi wachikhalidwe chochokera, wobadwira ku ukapolo).
Khalidwe
Nyama izi zimatha kupita osamwa kwa nthawi yayitali. M'masiku otentha masana, amapuma, ndikusaka makamaka kuzizira - m'mawa, usiku ndi usiku. Masewera awo ndi ofanana ndi anyama, koma siopesa. Steppe lynxes imakwera mitengo ngati kuthamangitsidwa ndi agalu. Ngakhale atha kuonedwa kuti ndi amphaka othamanga kwambiri m'gulu lawolo, panthawi ya kusaka, amangokhala chete kenako ndikudumphira wogwidwayo, monga amphaka am'nyumba.
Ma Caracals ndi odumpha odabwitsa, ndipo amatha kudumphadumpha mpaka 3 mita kutalika. Chifukwa cha izi, amphaka amatha kubweretsa pansi pansi ndi mbalame zawo. Kuchokera nkhunda khumi mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri, zimatha kubweretsa kusaka kumodzi. Panthaŵi inayake, nyama zodyerazi zinkasungidwa ndipo zimaphunzitsidwa kusaka mbalame ku India ndi Iran. Anawaika m'bwaloli lomwe linali ndi gulu la nkhunda, ndipo anthu anali kubetcha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbalame zotsika. Makatoni anali kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakusaka anyani, maula ndi nkhandwe, komanso mimbulu.
Monga amphaka ambiri, ma steppe lynxes ndi usiku, ndipo amayenda mpaka 20 km usiku uliwonse kukafunafuna chakudya. Amagona m'makola, m'ming'alu, kapena pachitsamba chokuma, nthawi zina pamitengo.
Mitundu yakunyumba
Makatoni okhala ndi nyumba yayikulu kwambiri yolingana ndi kukula kwa thupi lawo. Nyengo, malo ndi kuthekera kwa kubereka ndizomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa nyumba ya anthu. Gawo la wamwamuna, monga lamulo, ndi zokulirapo kuposa wamkazi. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa nyumba zimatengera kupezeka kwa madzi. M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, nyumba ndizokulirapo. M'madera ena mu Africa, gawo la amuna limayambira 31 mpaka 65 km². Zachikazi m'dera lomwelo zimasunga 4 mpaka 31 km². M'madera ena ku Asia, amuna amakhala ndi nyumba kuchokera 200 mpaka 300 km². Gawo la wamwamuna limatha kuchuluka ndi amuna ena angapo, pomwe wamkazi amateteza gawo lake lonse kuti lizigwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha.
Kuyankhulana ndi kuzindikira
Kafukufuku wowona bwino wamtunduwu polankhulirana sanachitike. Zambiri zimachokera pakuwona anthu ogwidwa. Monga amphaka ena, makatoni okhala ndi malingaliro abwino ophatikizidwira kumva ndi kuwona. Ngakhale ma servals amadziwika chifukwa cha kumva kwawo modabwitsa, ma steppe lynxes amathanso, okha, kudziwa nyama yaying'ono ndi mawu. Wakuba utapezeka, amagwiritsa ntchito masomphenya akuthwa kuti ayang'ane. Ntchito yeniyeni ya makutuwo siimadziwika. Muukapolo, zojambulajambula zimadziwika chifukwa cha mawu awo. Amphaka awa amalira, kulira, kulavulira, ndi kuyamwa. Kulumikizana mwachisawawa kumawonedwa kunkhondo, pakati pa amuna, pa nthawi ya kubereka. Wothandizirana naye amakopeka ndi chizindikiro cha zojambula. Kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi la mkazi kumabweretsa kusintha kwamkodzo. Akazi akonzeka kukhwima, amayika gawoli ndi mkodzo wake, m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuti akope amuna omwe amazindikira fungo kudzera m'chigawo chokomera.
Zowopsa
Ngakhale kugawidwa kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu, m'malo ena osiyanasiyana, ma caracals amawonedwa ngati osowa ndipo ali pachiwopsezo. Popeza amatha kuukira ziweto, nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati vuto lonse. Ku North Africa, Arabia, Central Asia, Iran, ndi India, kutayika kwa malo okhala kumabweretsa ngozi zambiri pakupulumuka kwamtunduwu. Kummwera kwa Africa, komwe steppe lynxes ndizofala, amazitsatira mwamphamvu ngati tizirombo chifukwa chizolowera kupindula ndi ziweto. Komabe, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe aphedwa, kuchuluka sikuwoneka kuti sikukhudzidwa.
Utoto wautoto ndiye chitetezo chachikulu kwa adani. Pakakhala vuto m'malo otseguka, nyama zamakhonde zimagona pansi ndipo ubweya wawo wofiirira umakhala ngati kubisala pompopompo. Kutha kukwera mitengo posachedwa kumathandiza kupewa zilombo zikuluzikulu monga mikango ndi ziphuphu.
Ntchito pa zachilengedwe
Othandizira monga ma caracals amawononga zonse zomwe zingakwanitse ndipo amafunika mphamvu zochepa kuti agwire ndikupha. Njira yosaka iyi imakhudza kuwongolera kwa anthu osapembedza. M'madera ena, amtunduwu ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yochepa kwambiri yomwe imatha kupha ena omwe amadyera.
Wabwino
Ku India ndi Persia, nthawi ina adaphunzitsidwa kugwira masewera ndi ubweya. Chifukwa chake, amphaka amapatsa anthu chakudya ndi zosangalatsa. Nyama ndi zikopa ku West ndi Central Africa zimapereka chakudya ndi masamba owerengeka a anthu akumaloko. Mwamwayi makatoni, khungu lawo limakhala lofunikira kwambiri.
Chitetezo
Bungwe la Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) lisonyeza kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Asia mu Zakumapeto I, ndi ena onse a Kumapeto II. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu aku Asia sangathe kugulitsidwa kuti apeze phindu lililonse, koma amalonda amalola. Zakumapeto II zikulamula kuti malonda mu nyama izi azilamuliridwa ndikuvomerezeka ngati sizingakhale zovulaza.
Malinga ndi Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN, mitundu ya pepe ndi mitundu yocheperako kwambiri.