Sacral vertebrae archeopteryx sizinakhalire limodzi, pomwe mbalame zamakono zimatha kuphukira, kupatula, komanso gawo la caudal vertebrae fuse kukhala fupa limodzi - gawo lovuta. Sacral msana archeopteryx lili ndi ma vertebrae 5, omwe ali ofananitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa vertebrae a dinosaurs. Msana wopindika wa mbalame zamakono umaphatikizapo 1 vertebra, yomwe ndi gawo la sacrum yovuta. 21-23 ya fudal vertebrae yoyeserera ya archeopteryx imapanga mchira wa bulu wautali. Mu mbalame zamakono, the caudal vertebrae fuse fupa limodzi - pygostyle, yomwe imathandizira nthenga za mchira. | mafupa a archeopteryx
Zikwangwani archeopteryx Popanda mawonekedwe owumbika, omwe mbalame zamakono zimapereka mphamvu ya chifuwa, kugwirizira nthiti. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, m'mafupa archeopteryx nthiti zamkati mwake zidalipo, monga momwe zimapezekera zambiri, kuphatikiza ma dinosaurs, koma sizimapezeka mu mbalame zamakono.
Monga mbalame zamakono ndi ma dinosaurs, ma clavicles archeopteryx Anasankha kupanga foloko yaying'ono. Mafupa a m'chiuno cha pelvic (iliac, sciatic ndi pubic) ku Archeopteryx sanakulire limodzi fupa limodzi, mosiyana ndi mkhalidwe wa mbalame zamakono.
Mafupa a Pubic archeopteryx adatembenuka pang'ono, ngati ma dinosaurs, koma osati mbalame zamakono. Komanso mosiyana ndi mbalame zamakono, mafupa a pubic archeopteryx inamaliza ndikukula monga mtundu wa "boot", womwe umadziwika ndi ma dinosaurs. Kuphatikiza apo, monga mu dinosaurs, malekezero a distal amafupa a pubic adalumikizana, ndikupanga syicphysis yayikulu, mu mbalame zamakono kupezeka kwa pubic symphysis kulibe. Kutsogolo kwamtsogolo archeopteryx inatha ndi zala zitatu zopangidwa bwino. Zala zitatu archeopteryx opangidwa ndi ma phalange awiri, atatu ndi anayi, motsatana, ngati m'madinosa. Zala archeopteryx ndinamaliza ndi zikhadabo zazikulu komanso zopindika. M'manja archeopteryx panali mafupa am'madzi a mbalame zamakono, zomwe zimadziwikanso mu ma dinosaurs. Mafupa ena a dzanja ndi mafupa a metacarpus sanakulire limodzi fupa wamba, mosiyana ndi mbalame.
Kuchokera pachilichonse chofotokozedwa chimatsatira archeopteryx Kapangidwe ka mafupa ndipatali kwambiri ndi mbalame. Ali ngati dinosaur.
Ziwonetsero za Archeopteryx:
Zala zam'manja zinali zofunikira kwambiri pakulongosola. archeopteryx ngati wobalitsira mbalame. Mafuta okhala ndi nthenga zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi zambiri samasungidwa. Kupulumutsa Nthenga archeopteryx chopangidwa chotheka ndi phulusa laphala lamoto, momwe malo onse a nyamayi amasungidwira. Mapaundi archeopteryx zofanana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zamakono komanso zotsika.
Archeopteryx wokhala ndi nthenga za ntchentche, nthenga zowongolera (zofunikira kuti ziziwuluka), ndi nthenga zazitali. Ntchentche ndi nthenga archeopteryx kapangidwe kazinthuzo kamafanana ndi nthenga za mbalamezo (nthenga pakati, mapepala oyambira ndi zotengera zachiwiri, zokoleza zochokera kwa iwo). Nthenga archeopteryx yodziwika ndi asymmetry ya fan, yomwe imakonda mbalame zamakono zitha kuwuluka. Nthenga za mchira wake zinali zochepa.
Kusiyana kwa mbalame zamakono kunawonedwa popanda mapiko - gulu lina la nthenga losunthika pachala chamanthu. Zowimbitsa thupi archeopteryx osafotokozedwa bwino, akufufuzidwa bwino pokhapokha pa chithunzi chabwino cha Berlin. Apa archeopteryx adavala "mathalauza" nthenga zopendekeka bwino kumapazi ake, mawonekedwe ake ena anali ndi zosiyana (mwachitsanzo, ma barbs sanali kwina, ngati aja ofunda), pomwe ena anali olimba, kulola kuthekera kwa kuuluka. Kumbuyo kwake kunali gawo la nthenga za contour, zolimba komanso zolimba (ngakhale sizolimba mokwanira poyerekeza ndi nthenga zouluka), zofanana kwambiri ndi nthenga za contour pa thupi la mbalame zamakono. Nthenga zina zonse za toyesa archeopteryx ali amtundu wa "pseudo-downy" ndipo sangadziwike kuchokera pazingwe za dinosaur za Sinosauropteryx: zofewa, zomwazikana ndipo, mwina, zofananira kwambiri ndi ubweya - zidakutira mbali zonse zotsala za thupi (komwe zimasungidwa), komanso gawo lotsikira la khosi. Palibe chizindikiro cha maula pakhosi komanso pamutu. archeopteryx. Ngakhale angakhale atakhalapo, ngati ma dinosaurs ambiri okhala ndi mbee, izi zitha kukhala zopanda kusungika kwa zitsanzo: zikuwoneka kuti zochuluka kwambiri archeopteryx idagwera pamiyala patapita kanthawi pang'ono pamwamba pamadzi, ikusambira kumbuyo. Mutu, khosi ndi mchira nthawi zambiri zimakhota m'munsi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti toyesa archeopteryx atangoyamba kuwola pamene anaikidwa. Ma minofu ndi minofu yotsitsimuka ndipo matupi amatenga mawonekedwe amtundu womwe wapezeka. Zingatanthauzenso kuti khungu linali litayamba kufewetsa ndi nthawi imeneyo. Kuganiza kumeneku kumachirikizidwa chifukwa chakuti, m'malingaliro ena, nthenga zouluka zidayamba kugwa panthawi yomwe imizidwa kumiyala. Chifukwa chake nthenga za mutu ndi khosi zimatha kugwa, pomwe nthenga zokhazikika kwambiri.
Ndege kapena kukonzekera:
Momwe nthenga zimayimira archeopteryx anali ndi katundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira kuthawa. Koma archeopteryx analibe zina zambiri zosinthika zokhala ndi mbalame zouluka, zamakono komanso zosatha, chifukwa chake, zimango za kuthawa kwake ndi kuthawa kwawo kunali koyambirira kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mbalame zam'tsogolo. Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa ofufuza pa nkhani ya archeopteryx amatha kuuluka mwachangu kapena kungochita mapulani.
Kupanda archeopteryx keel, supracoracoid tendon, komanso mtunda wocheperako wa mapewa ndi unyolo wongoyerekeza, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, zikusonyeza kuti archeopteryx anali wokhoza kukonza ndege. Kuyang'ana kwapakati pa cholumikizira pakati pa scapula, coracoid ndi humerus chikuwonetsa kuti Archeopteryx sanathe kukweza mapiko pamwamba pa msana - mkhalidwe wofunikira kuti mapiko azitseguka mu mbalame zamakono. Wokokomeza adayikidwa patsogolo kuti kuthawa kwakukonzekera kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi kayendedwe kakang'ono ka mapiko popanda kubweza kumbuyo. Ofufuza ena amati archeopteryx zimasiyana ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonzekera bwino maonekedwe a thupi, komanso kukula kwamapiko. Kuphatikiza apo, akuwonetsa kuti fupa sternum kapena boomerang-ngati foloko, kapena coracoid woboola pakati archeopteryx ikhoza kukhala ngati malo ofunikira a minofu omwe amayendetsa mapiko. Ochirikiza mfundo zotere amaganiza kuti archeopteryx anali wokhoza mtundu wina wa ndege zoyambilira.
Ngakhale mafupa archeopteryx kubwezeretsedwa, koma kubwezeretsa bwino magwiridwe antchito ndikovuta kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, funso loti archeopteryx kapena kungokonzekera kuti nthawi yayitali ikhale yotseguka.
Khalidwe la Archeopteryx:
Sizovuta kukonzanso moyo archeopteryx. Pali malingaliro angapo pankhaniyi. Ofufuza ena anena kuti archeopteryx, zidasinthidwa makamaka munjira ya moyo wapadziko lapansi, pomwe ena amati njira ya moyo archeopteryx ambiri amitengo. Kusapezeka kwa mitengo sikumatsutsana ndi lingaliro ili - mitundu ina yamakono yam mbalame imangokhala m'mitengo yotsika. Magawo osiyanasiyana a morphology archeopteryx zimawonetsa zonse za dziko lapansi komanso zamisamba. Kutalika kwa miyendo ndi mapazi okwera kunathandiza kuti olemba ena amvetse za chilengedwe archeopteryxzomwe zimatha kudyetsa onse munkhaka, ndi pansi komanso ngakhale m'mbali mwa nyanja. Ambiri mwa omwe amadyera anali ochepa, ochepa ovutitsidwa archeopteryx adagwira nsagwada zake, zazikuluzikulu - zibwano.
Kusiyana ndi kufanana ndi mbalame zamakono
- Iye, monga mbalame wamba, amadya nyongolotsi, tizilombo ndi abuluzi ochepa, koma sanawadulire, koma ikani mkamwa mwake ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo.
- Anali ndi mafupa opepuka (opanda kanthu mkati) nthenga ndipo adapangidwa ndi kolala " foloko "komanso anali nawo mano ndi mchira wokhala ndi ma vertebrae 20 ngati ma dinosaurs.
Choyamba mbalame?
Archeopteryx, chifukwa chofanana ndi mbalame ndi ma dinosaurs, akuti ndi njira yotayika posinthika. Komabe, tsopano asayansi akukhulupirira kuti iye Sanali kholo la mbalame zamakono, koma anali pafupi ndi ma dinosaurs apadziko lapansi.
Adabwera izi atasanthula fanizo la zinthu zambiri zophatikiza, ndikuphatikiza mu gulu limodzi ndi Xiaotingia zhengi dinosaur.
"Ma dinosaur awa ndi ofanana ndi Archeopteryx machitidwe a thupi lonse, ali ndi mutu wofanana, lamba wamapewa wamtali, matambawo olimba, komanso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mafupa a m'chiuno" - amafotokoza yemwe akutsogolera phunziroli ku China Academy of Sciences - Xing Xu.
Apa mbalame yotchedwa dinosaur imakhala zaka 150 miliyoni zapitazo.
Kukula kwa njira yothandizira. Monga ndilembetsani ku njira. Mdziko la ma dinosaurs mukadali zosangalatsa kwambiri!
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