Chitsanzo: Taxobox Zomera za Griffon (lat. Gyps fulvus) - mbalame yayikulu yakudya nyama yabanja, nkhandwe. Kugawidwa kumapiri owuma ndi malo otsika kumwera kwa Europe, Asia ndi North Africa. Kudera la Russia, limangokhala m'mapiri a Caucasus, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina limachitika kutali ndi malire a dera lino. Mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi pang'onopang'ono zikuchepa, ngakhale World Conservation Union mpaka pano siziwona ngati yotetezeka.
Kutanthauzira Sinthani
Khosi lalikulu kwambiri lomwe lili ndi mapiko aatali komanso mchira waukulu. Kutalika kwa thupi 93-110 cm, mapiko a 234-269 masentimita. Maonekedwe amanjenje ndi mutu wawung'ono wophimbidwa ndi zoyera pansi, mulomo wolumikizika pakamwa, khosi lalitali ndi kolala la nthenga zazitali, komanso mchira wamfupi wokuzungulira. Mtundu wamba wamtunduwu ndiwofiirira, pang'ono pang'ono wopepuka wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ochokera pansi. Youluka komanso yofiyira yakuda, pafupifupi yakuda. Mchenga umakhala wachikasu, buluzi imakhala imvi, miyendo imachita imvi. Mtundu, amuna ndi akazi sasiyana wina ndi mnzake. Zambiri mwa mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zotuwa komanso zofiirira zambiri.
Mbalame yomwe ikuuluka, kuchokera pamalo athyathyathya komanso yovuta kutuluka. Mlengalenga, amadziwongola m'khosi mwake, ndikutsitsa mutu wake ndikukonzekera mapiko oyambira (amaoneka ngati "zala zokhala ndi fan '). Wingspan osowa, wodekha komanso wakuya. Kufuula sikumakhala kokwanira mokwanira, ngakhale kuyerekezeredwa ndi mavu ena kumamveka koyankhula. Liwu - kumveka kosiyanasiyana kwa mawu osokosera ndi mawu okokomeza, omwe amapangidwa makamaka akamagwira nyama kapena atchuthi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magulu.
Kukonzanso Sinthani
Monga lamulo, zisa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a 20 awiriawiri. Maanja okwatirana amakhalabe moyo wawo wonse. Chisa, chopangidwa ndi nthambi ndipo chimayikidwa mkati ndi nthambi ndi mapesi a udzu, chimakhala pansi ndipo nthawi zonse chimabisidwa pamiyala yolimba kwambiri kapena m'miyala yamiyala. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi magulu amtundu wa kubereka. Nyengo ya kuswana imayamba molawirira kwambiri - malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka ku Spain, kale mu Januware, mbalame zikukonzekera chisa, ndipo mu February-Marichi zimangoonekera. Nyengo yakukhwima, banjali limagwirizana, likuyenda mlengalenga. Asanayambe kukhwima, yamphongo imakhala ndi njira yowoneka bwino - imayenda patsogolo pa mkazi, kugwada, ndikudzaza mchira wake ndikufalitsa mapiko ake.
Mu clutch pali dzira limodzi (kawiri kawiri) la mtundu woyera, nthawi zina limakhala ndi mitsempha ya bulauni. Kukula kwa dzira (82.2-105.5) x (64-74.7) mm. Onse awiri amakhala ndi masiku 47-57. Makulitsidwe ali ndi wandiweyani - pomwe mbalame imodzi ili mchisa, yachiwiri ikuyang'ana chakudya. Pakusintha kwa ntchito, dzira limasinthira mosamala. Mwana wakhanda nthawi zonse amakhala yekha, akabadwa, imakutidwa ndi loyera, pomwe mwezi umodzi umasinthidwa ndi wachiwiri, loyera. Imadyetsedwa ndi makolo akumwa. Kutha kuwuluka kumawonekera mochedwa - pausinkhu wa miyezi 3-4 (m'masiku a 113-159), komabe, zitatha izi mwana wa nkhuku amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi makolo ake. Amalandira ufulu wodziyimira patatha miyezi itatu. Kutha mu mbalame zazing'ono kumachitika zaka 4-7. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chikufika zaka 40.
