Electric eel (lat. Electrophorus umeme) ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zochepa zomwe apanga luso lotulutsa magetsi, zomwe sizimalola kungathandizanso kuyang'ana, komanso kupha.

Nsomba zambiri zimakhala ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimatulutsa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi losunthira ndi kusaka zakudya (mwachitsanzo, nsomba za njovu). Koma sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wogwira omwe akukhudzidwa ndi magetsi awa, monga momwe magetsi amachitira!

Kwa akatswiri azachilengedwe, eel yamagetsi ya Amazonia ndichinsinsi. Zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala a nsomba zosiyanasiyana.

Monga ma eel ambiri, amafunika kupuma mpweya wam'mlengalenga kuti ukhale ndi moyo. Amathera nthawi yake yambiri pansi, koma amadzuka mphindi 10 zilizonse kuti amize mpweya, motero amapeza 80% ya mpweya womwe amafunikira.

Ngakhale ma eels amakhala ngati mawonekedwe ake, magetsi amayandikira pafupi ndi nsomba zam'mapanga zomwe zimakhala ku South Africa.

Video - eel imapha ng'ona:

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Eel yamagetsi idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1766. Izi ndi nsomba zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhala ku South America kutalika konse kwa Mtsinje wa Amazon ndi Orinoco.

Malo okhala malo okhala ndi madzi ofunda, koma otentha - misonkho, mitsinje, dziwe, ngakhale madambo. Malo omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa m'madzi samawopa magetsi amagetsi, chifukwa amatha kupuma mpweya wam'mlengalenga, pambuyo pake umakwera pamwamba mphindi 10 zilizonse.

Uwu ndi nyama yolusa usiku, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ochepa kwambiri komanso yodalira magetsi ake, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito poyang'ana malo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chithandizo chake, amapeza ndikuwonetsa nyamayo.

Ma eel amagetsi achichepere amadya tizilombo, koma anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana amadya nsomba, amphibians, mbalame, ngakhale nyama zazing'ono zomwe zayendayenda mu dziwe.

Moyo wawo umathandizidwanso ndikuti mwachilengedwe alibe pafupifupi olengedwa mwachilengedwe. Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kwamagetsi mazana asanu ndi limodzi sikungaphe mamba, komanso kavalo.

Kufotokozera

Thupi limakhala lokwera, lopangidwa mozungulira. Awa ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, mwachilengedwe ma blackheads amatha kukula mpaka 250 cm kutalika ndi kulemera kopitilira 20 kg. Mu aquarium, nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa, pafupifupi 125-150 cm.

Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 15. Kupanga zotulutsa ndi magetsi mpaka 600 V ndi mphamvu yapano mpaka 1 A.

Eel ilibe dorsal fin; mmalo mwake, imakhala ndi faini yautali kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito posambira. Mutu wake wakhazikika, ndi kamwa lalikulu lalikulu.

Mtundu wa khungu ndi imvi zakuda kwambiri ndi khosi lalanje. Wachinyamata wamafuta azitona okhala ndi mawanga achikasu.

Mlingo wamagetsi womwe umatha kupanga eel ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa nsomba zina za banja lawo. Amachipanga mothandizidwa ndi chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri, chopangidwa ndi zinthu masauzande ambiri zomwe zimapanga magetsi.

M'malo mwake, 80% ya thupi lake imaphimbidwa ndi zinthu zoterezi. Akapumula, palibe zotulutsa, koma pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira imapangidwa mozungulira iye.

Nthawi zambiri imakhala 50 kilohertz, koma imatha kupanga ma volts 600. Izi ndizokwanira kufinya nsomba zambiri, ndipo ngakhale chinyama chofanana ndi kavalo, ndizowopsa kwa anthu, makamaka okhala m'midzi yam'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Amasowa gawo lamagetsi kuti azilingalira pamlengalenga ndikusaka, koma adatha kudziteteza. Amakhulupiriranso kuti mothandizidwa ndi gawo lamagetsi, amuna amafuna amuna.

Ma eel awiri amagetsi mu aquarium imodzi nthawi zambiri samagwirizana, amayamba kulumikizana ndikunjenjemera. Pankhaniyi, komanso momwe akusaka, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi eel yamagetsi imodzi yokha.

Zovuta pazomwe zili

Kusunga eel yamagetsi ndikosavuta, pokhapokha mutatha kuipatsa ndi malo owerengera komanso kulipira chakudya chake.

Monga lamulo, ndizosasangalatsa, zimakhala ndi chidwi chodya chakudya ndipo zimadya pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya chakudya chama protein. Monga tanena kale, imatha kupanga pafupifupi ma volts a 600, chifukwa chake akatswiri am'madzi odziwa ntchito okha ayenera kuisamalira.

Nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ndi amateurs achangu kwambiri, kapena m'malo osungira nyama komanso m'malo owonetsera.

Kudyetsa

Predator, ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimatha kumeza. Mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri mumakhala nsomba, nyama zakuthambo, zoweta zazing'ono.

Nsomba zazing'ono zimadya tizilombo, koma nsomba zazikulu zimakonda nsomba. Poyamba amafunika kudyetsedwa nsomba zam'mimba, koma amatha kudya zakudya zamaproteni monga fillet nsomba, shrimp, nyama yosenda, etc.

Amamvetsetsa mwachangu nthawi yomwe adzadyetse ndikuwuka pansi kupempha chakudya. Osawakhudza ndi manja anu, izi zitha kukupweteketsani magetsi kwambiri!

Amadya Goldfish:

Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi. Kwa iye, buku la malita 800 kapena kuposerapo likufunika kuti lizitha kuyenda ndikuyenda momasuka. Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale ali mu ukapolo, ma eels amakula kupitirira 1.5 metres!

Ana amakula mwachangu ndipo pang'onopang'ono amafunikira kuchuluka kambiri. Konzekerani kuti mudzafunika aquarium kuchokera ku malita 1,500, ndi zina zambiri kuti musunge angapo.

Chifukwa cha izi, magetsi a eel satchuka kwambiri ndipo amapezeka makamaka ku malo osungira nyama. Ndipo inde, akadagwedezekabe ndi magetsi, amatha kupha mwadzidzidzi mwini wosalowa m'dziko labwino.

Nsomba yayikuluyi yomwe imasiya zinyalala zambiri imafunikira fayilo yamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi bwinonso kunja, chifukwa nsombayi imaphwanya chilichonse chomwe chili mkati mwamadzi.

Popeza ali wakhungu kwenikweni, sakonda kuwala kowala, koma amakonda kucha kwamadzulo ndi malo ambiri achitetezo. Kutentha kosungira 25-28 ° С, kuuma 1 - 12 dGH, ph: 6.0-8.5.

Eel yamagetsi: kufotokozera

Eel yamagetsi imawoneka kwambiri ngati njoka. Alinso ndi khungu loterera, thupi lalitali lophimba komanso mutu wosalala wokhala ndi pakamwa lalikulu. Nsombayi ilibe dorsal fin; ma anal autali amathandizira kusambira bwino bwino.

Mu malo achilengedwe, ma mutu amdima wamagetsi amatha kukula mpaka mamita atatu m'litali ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu makumi anayi. M'madzi am'madzi, nsomba zamtunduwu sizidutsa mita ndi theka kutalika. Akazi ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi amuna.

Pamwambapa, khungu la eel ndilobiriwira kapena lakuda. Mimba ya nsomba yamagetsi yokhala ndi chikasu chamkaso kapena lalanje. Achinyamata a azitona a brown brown omwe amakhala ndi mawanga achikaso.

Kutsogolo kuli ziwalo zonse zofunika, zomwe zimakhala ndi 20% yokha ya thupi, zina zonse ndizoyendetsa zamagetsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu masauzande ambiri zomwe zimapanga magetsi. Chiwalochi chimakula pambuyo pobadwa. Ngati mungakhudze mwachangu masentimita awiri ndi dzanja lanu, mutha kumva kupweteka kwakanthawi. Mwana akamakula mpaka 40 mm, mphamvu zidzachuluka.

Ziwalo zamagetsi

Choyimira chabwino cha eel chili kutsogolo kwa thupi, zoipa, motsatana, kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba imakhala ndi gawo lina lamagetsi lomwe limakhala ngati limapezeka. Ndi ziwalo zitatu zamagetsi zomwe zimasiyanitsa cholengedwa ichi ndi nyama zina zonse. Zimalumikizana, izi zimathandizira kuti ngakhale zochulukitsa zazing'ono zamagetsi zimakhala zamphamvu, chifukwa choti chiwonjezerocho chikuwonjezedwa. Zotsatira zake, amakhala wolimba kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kutsogolera kuimfa ya wina yemwe adzakumana naye.

Chifukwa cha ziwalo zamagetsi, eel amapeza nyama yake ngati radar. Kupatula izi, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Makamaka panthawi yakuswana, pamene yamphongo imalira kwambiri, ndipo yaikazi imayankha ndi yayitali.

Eel ikakhala m'malo modekha ndikupumula, magetsi samachokera, koma akayamba kukhala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito, pamamangidwa malo amagetsi.

Malo okhala chilengedwe

Ma eel magetsi amapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Guiana, koma makamaka m'malo achilengedwe omwe amakhala m'chigawo cha South America kumadera a mitsinje a Amazon ndi Orinoco. Zolengedwa zodabwitsa zimakonda madzi ofunda ndipo zimakonda madamu abwino atsopano. Malo abwino kwambiri a nsomba zamagetsi ndi ma bays, malo otsetsereka, madambo komanso kusefukira kwamadzi.

Moyo

Ziphuphu zamagetsi mpaka pano sizikumveka konse. Mwachitsanzo, moyo wawo wamtchire sunakhazikitsidwe. Pokhala ndi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi, zazikazi zimatha kukhala zaka 10 mpaka 22, zamphongo zimatha kukhala pansi pazaka zomwezo kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 15.

Monga tanena kale, chinthu chosiyanitsa ziphuphu ndi ziwalo zake zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi chinthu chinanso chodabwitsa - amapumira mpweya. Izi ndizofunikira kwa iwo, chifukwa makina opumira a zimphona zamagetsi ndi zovuta kwambiri komanso amapangidwira kuti nsomba zimayenera kusambira pafupipafupi ndi posungira komanso kupuma mpweya. Chifukwa cha izi, akuda amatha kutuluka mu dziwe kwa maola angapo.

Nsomba, zofanana ndi njoka zikuluzikulu, sizingadzitame chifukwa cha masomphenyawo, ndipo zimakhazikika nthawi zambiri usiku.

Ziphuphu ndizopangira zamagetsi; iwo sangatchedwe azinyama. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo nsomba, mbalame zazing'ono, amphibians. Nthawi zina nyama zam'madzi zodyerazi zimatha kudya nyama zing'onozing'ono. Chifukwa chake atha kukhala odziwika kuti ali m'gulu la adani.

Kuswana

Zambiri zodabwitsa ndi zolengedwa zachilendozi sizomwe zalembedwa. Maofesi amtundu wamagetsi amabala m'njira yosangalatsa kwambiri. Wamphongo, pogwiritsa ntchito malovu ake, amamanga chisa momwe chachikazi chimayikira mazira. Ndizodabwitsa kuti kuchokera kumodzi umodzi woterewu pafupifupi ma eyeloni sauzande handiredi sauzande amabadwa.

Makanda obadwa kumene nthawi yomweyo amadya mazira omwe amayi awo amadzabereka mwana wawo woyamba. Ana amisala yamagetsi amakhalabe pafupi ndi kholo mpaka ziwalo zawo zoyambira zitakula.

Zogwirana ndi eel yamagetsi?

Eel, ngakhale yamagetsi, amaonedwa ngati nsomba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ikhoza kugwidwa, ngati ina iliyonse, ikamapita kukawedza. Koma sizosavuta - zolengedwa izi ndizowopsa, motero sizingafune kugwidwa, ngakhale nyama ya eel imawoneka kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali.

M'malo omwe ma eel amagetsi amapezeka m'madziwe, eni mudzi abwera ndi njira yosavuta yogwira nsomba zowopsazi. Ngati mutafunsa zomwe mungachite kuti mukagwire akuda ndi njira yomwe anakhazikitsayo, yankho lake limakhala lachilendo kwambiri - agwidwa ng'ombe! Chowonadi ndi chakuti ng'ombe zimafunikira kuti zithetse magetsi oyambira. Asodzi akuwona kuti ng'ombe, mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zina zonse, zimalekerera mchenga kugwedezeka ngati nsomba, motero ziweto zimangoyendetsedwa mumtsinje ndi ma edolo ndikudikirira kuti Burenki ayimire pamenepo ndikuthamangira m'madzi.

Khosolo la ng'ombe ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yoti ayendetse kumtunda ndikugwiritsa ntchito maukonde wamba kugwira ma eel omwe amachoka pamtsinje, omwe panthawiyo amakhala otetezeka kwathunthu. Kupatula apo, zilombozi sizingathenso kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, zotulutsa chilichonse chotsatira chimakhala chocheperako kuposa cham'mbuyomu. Pofuna kubwezeretsa mphamvu zam'menya, nsomba zimatenga nthawi. Uku ndikusodzi kopanda nsomba, koma nsomba sizodabwitsa!

Madzi achilendo komanso amatope a Amazon amabisa zoopsa zambiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi magetsi a eel (lat. Electrophorus elekitirodi ) ndiye yekha woimira gulu la magetsi la eel. Imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America ndipo imapezeka m'misika yaying'ono yapakatikati komanso kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wamphamvu wa Amazon.

Kutalika kwa eel yamagetsi wamkulu kumakhala mita imodzi ndi theka, ngakhale nthawi zina zitsanzo za mamitala atatu zimapezekanso. Nsomba zotere zimalemera pafupifupi 40 kg. Thupi lake limakhala lokwera komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Kwenikweni, eel iyi siili yofanana ndi nsomba: palibe mamba, kungokhala mchira ndi zipsepse zamatumbo, kuphatikiza apo imapumira mpweya wamlengalenga.

Zowonadi ndi zakuti misonkho komwe magetsi ammadzi amakhala osachepera komanso kwamitambo, ndipo madzi momwemo amakhala opanda mpweya. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chapatsa nyamayi ziwalo zapadera zamkati pamkamwa, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe eel imatenga mpweya mwachindunji kuchokera kumlengalenga wakunja. Zowona, chifukwa cha ichi ayenera kukwera pamphindi 15 zilizonse. Koma khunyu litatuluka mwadzidzidzi m'madzi, limatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa maola angapo, bola kuti thupi ndi pakamwa lisaphe.

Mtundu wa malasha amagetsi ndi bulawuni wa maolivi, womwe umalola kuti anthu ena azikumbukira. Pakhosi pokhapokha pamutu pake pali lalanje owala, koma zoterezi sizingathandize omwe akumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha magetsi a eel. Akayamba kugwedezeka ndi thupi lake lonse loterera, zotulutsa zimapangika ndi mphamvu yakufika pa 650V (makamaka 300-350V), yomwe nthawi yomweyo imapha nsomba zazing'ono zonse zapafupi. Nyama ikugwera pansi, ndipo wolunjayo am'nyamula, am'meza yonse ndikuinyoza chapafupi kuti apumule pang'ono.

Ndikudabwa kuti amatha bwanji kupanga zotulutsa zotere? Kungoti thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimakhala ndi maselo apadera. Maselo amenewa amalumikizana motsatana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamitsempha. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli kuphatikiza, kumbuyo kumakhala opanda. Mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwa koyambirira ndipo zimadutsa motsatana kuchokera ku chiwalo kupita ku chiwalo, zimapeza mphamvu kugunda moyenera momwe zingathere.

Eel yamagetsi palokha imakhulupirira kuti yapatsidwa chitetezo chodalirika, motero sichifulumira kudzipereka ngakhale kwa mdani wamkulu. Panali nthawi zina pamene ma eels sanadutse ngakhale kwa ng'ona, ndipo anthu ayenera kupeweratu kukumana nawo. Zachidziwikire, ndizokayikitsa kuti kutulutsa kumapha munthu wamkulu, koma zotengeka kuchokera kwa iye sizingakhale zosasangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kusazindikira, ndipo ngati m'madzi muli madzi, wina akhoza kumira.

Eel yamagetsi ndiwankhanza kwambiri, imawukira nthawi yomweyo ndipo sachenjeza aliyense za zolinga zake. Mtunda wotetezedwa kuchokera pa mita eel siosakwana mamita atatu - izi zikuyenera kukhala zokwanira kupewa malo owopsa.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga magetsi, eel ilinso ndi imodzi, mothandizidwa nayo yomwe imasokoneza chilengedwe. Wodziwikiratu uyu amapeza mafunde am'munsi-ochepa, omwe, pobwerera, amadziwitsa eni ake za zopinga zomwe zili kutsogolo kapena kukhalapo kwa zolengedwa zoyenera.

Eel yamagetsi ndiyo nsomba yoopsa kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zonse zamagetsi. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa anthu ovulala, iye ali patsogolo pa mbiri yoyipa ya piranha. Eel iyi (mwa njira, ilibe chochita ndi ma eel wamba) imatha kupatsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Ngati mutenga chidendene chaching'ono m'manja mwanu, mukumverera pang'ono, ndipo mukuganizira kuti ana ali ndi masiku ochepa okha ndipo ali ndi masentimita awiri okha, ndikosavuta kulingalira zomwe mungapeze mukamakhudzana ndi eel. Munthu yemwe amalumikizana motere amalandila kumenyedwa kwa 600 V ndipo mutha kufa nayo. Mafunde amagetsi amphamvu amatumiza eel yamagetsi mpaka ma 150 pa tsiku. Koma chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale ali ndi chida chotere, eel amadya nsomba zochepa.

Kupha nsomba, magetsi am'madzi amanjenjemera, kumasula ndalama. Wovutikayo amamwalira nthawi yomweyo. Eel amagwira pansi, nthawi zonse kuyambira kumutu, kenako, ndikukhazikika pansi, amasenda nyama yake kwa mphindi zingapo.

Ma eel amagetsi amakhala m'mitsinje yopanda ku South America; amapezeka m'madzi a Amazon. M'malo omwe eel amakhala, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuperewera kwa oxygen. Chifukwa chake, ma eel amagetsi ali ndi mawonekedwe. Black mutu umakhala pansi pa madzi pafupifupi maola awiri, kenako umayandama pamwamba ndikupumira pamenepo kwa mphindi 10, pomwe nsomba wamba zimangofunika kuyandama kwa masekondi angapo.

Ma eel amagetsi ndi nsomba zazikulu: kutalika kwa akuluakulu ndi 1-1,5 m, kulemera mpaka 40 makilogalamu. Thupi limakwezedwa, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pake. Khungu limakhala lopanda chovala. Zipsepse zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi magetsi eel amatha kuyenda mosavuta mbali zonse. Makatani amtundu wakuda wamagetsi ndi bulauni, kunsi kwa mutu ndi mmero ndi lalanje owala. Mitundu ya achichepere ndiyopanikiza.

Chosangalatsa kwambiri pakupanga ma eels wamagetsi ndi ziwalo zamagetsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi 2/3 kutalika kwa thupi. Mtengo wabwino wa "batire" uyu uli kutsogolo kwa eel, zoipa - kumbuyo. Magetsi ochulukitsa kwambiri, malingana ndi momwe akuwonera m'madzi am'madzi, amatha kufikira 650 V, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako, ndipo kwa mita mita ya nsomba sapitilira 350 V. Mphamvuyi ndiyokwanira kuyatsa mababu amagetsi asanu. Zida zazikulu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eel kuteteza motsutsana ndi adani komanso kupha ziwalo. Pali chinthu china chowonjezera chamagetsi, koma gawo lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi ilo limagwira ntchito yofikira lochulukirapo: mothandizidwa ndi zosokoneza zomwe zikupezeka mkati mwamundawu, eel amalandira chidziwitso pazopinga m'njira kapena kufalikira kwa zomwe zingapangidwe. Pafupipafupi pazotulutsazi ndi zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimatsala pang'ono kufalikira kwa munthu.

Madziwo, omwe amapangidwa ndi ziphuphu zamagetsi, samapha anthu, komabe ndiowopsa. Ngati, kukhala pansi pa madzi, kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, mutha kusowa chidwi.

Eel yamagetsi ndi yankhanza. Itha kugunda popanda chenjezo, ngakhale ngati palibe chowopseza. Ngati china chake chagwera m'gawo lachitetezo champhamvu, ndiye kuti eel sangabisike kapena kuyandamitsidwa. Ndikwabwino kwa iye mwini kuti ayende m'mbali mwa ngalande yamagetsi panjira. Simukuyenera kusambira kwa nsomba iyi pamtunda wosakwana mamitala atatu, iyi ndiye gawo loyambira kwambiri la eel.

Mwa oimira ochepa nyama, pali eni luso lotha kupanga komanso kusungira magetsi. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi (Electrophorus umeme).
Nsomba zodabwitsazi zimakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono kumpoto kwa South America, komanso kumunsi ndi pakati pa Amazon. Ngakhale ma eel yamagetsi amakhala m'madzi ngati nsomba, kapangidwe kake ka thupi kamapangitsa kupumira m'mlengalenga. Amalandira gawo lirilonse la mpweya, kukwera m'mwamba, pafupifupi kamodzi m'mphindi 15. Mwachidule, imatha kumira ngati ikulephera kutuluka nthawi. Kutha kupumira mpweya kumalola eel kusiya madzi kwa maola angapo.

eel yamagetsi - chozizwitsa choopsa cha chilengedwe

Koma mtundu wodabwitsa kwambiri wa nsomba'yi amaonedwa kuti ndi wokhoza kupanga magetsi. Popeza madzi ndiwotsogolera bwino, ndizofunikira kuti khunyu ilibe mavuto amagetsi. Kodi zimachitika bwanji?

Eel ili ndi ziwalo zapadera, zokumbutsa za zitini za batri. Amakhala pafupifupi 40% ya thupi lake. Selo iliyonse yomwe ikupanga lero ilimo mkati mwake muli ma ioni ochepa omwe sanaoneke bwino, ndipo kunja kwa selo, ma ayoni amakhala ndi milandu yoyenera.

Mwachilengedwe, magetsi oterewa ndi osatsutsika. Koma kuchuluka kwa maselo oterewa kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 10 miliyoni mumtambo umodzi, voliyumu imatha kufika ma volts 500! Pali pafupifupi 700 maunyolo wolumikizana ofanana mbali iliyonse ya thupi la khunyu. Kutulutsa kwawo kokwanira kuli pafupifupi 1 amp!
Kugwedezeka kwa magetsi kotereku kumatha kugwetsa hatchi, kuwumitsa maola angapo, komanso kupha munthu, koma sizimapweteka eel iyokha. Izi ndichifukwa choti timagulu tiwiri tating'ono timapereka mpata wothira. Khungu la eel limakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kuzisintha, ndipo ma cell amagetsi amalumikizika okha, ndipo amapatula mbali zina za thupi.

Magetsi a eel amagwira ntchito zingapo. Izi ndizodzitchinjiriza, ndi njira yosakira, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito poyenda. Eel sangathe kupanga magetsi nthawi yayitali. Nthawi iliyonse, zotulukazo zimayamba kuchepa. Zimatenga maola angapo kuti zibwezeretse zonse.
Anthu okhala m'deralo amadziona kuti ndi zabwino. Koma kugwira eel ndikupha! Asodzi a nsomba adawona kuti ng'ombe "zimatha" kuteteza nsomba zamagetsi, chifukwa chake zimagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza "mabatire amadzi". "Okhazikika" okhala ndi nyanga amaponyedwa mumtsinje, ndipo eels, kuteteza gawo, amenya alendo. Ng'ombezo zikasiya kukuwa ndi kuthamangira kumtunda, zimayendetsedwa pansi. Kenako maukonde amakwiya, koma otetezeka kale.

Anthu adaphunzira za nsomba zamagetsi kwanthawi yayitali: ngakhale ku Egypt Egypt adagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kukomoka kuti agwire khunyu, mawonekedwe a eel yamagetsi adalimbikitsa Alessandro Volta lingaliro la batri lake lotchuka, ndipo a Michael Faraday, "bambo wamagetsi", adagwiritsa ntchito eel yomweyo monga zida zasayansi. Akatswiri amakono amadziwa zomwe zitha kuyembekezedwa kuchokera ku nsomba zotere (pafupifupi maimili pafupifupi eel amatha kupanga ma volts a 600), kuwonjezera apo, ndizodziwika kapena zochepa kuti majini amapanga chizindikiro chodabwitsa - chilimwechi gulu la akatswiri a majini ochokera ku University of Wisconsin ku Madison (USA) lofalitsidwa ndi mndandanda wathunthu wamatumbo amagetsi a eel. Cholinga cha "mphamvu zamagetsi" ndizowonekeranso: zimafunikira pakuwusaka, kuyang'ana m'malo ndi kutetezedwa ndi adani ena. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe sichinadziwike - ndendende momwe nsombazo zimagwirira ntchito kugwedeza kwawo kwa magetsi, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yanji.

Choyamba, pang'ono pokhudza wamkulu.

Madzi achilendo komanso amatope a Amazon amabisa zoopsa zambiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi magetsi a eel (lat. Electrophorus elekitirodi ) Ndi yekhayo woyimira gulu lamagetsi amagetsi. Imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America ndipo imapezeka m'misika yaying'ono yapakatikati komanso kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wamphamvu wa Amazon.

Kutalika kwa eel yamagetsi wamkulu kumakhala mita imodzi ndi theka, ngakhale nthawi zina zitsanzo za mamitala atatu zimapezekanso. Nsomba zotere zimalemera pafupifupi 40 kg. Thupi lake limakhala lokwera komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Kwenikweni, eel iyi siili yofanana ndi nsomba: palibe mamba, kungokhala mchira ndi zipsepse zamatumbo, kuphatikiza apo imapumira mpweya wamlengalenga.

Zowonadi ndi zakuti misonkho komwe magetsi ammadzi amakhala osachepera komanso kwamitambo, ndipo madzi momwemo amakhala opanda mpweya. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chapatsa nyamayi ziwalo zapadera zamkati pamkamwa, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe eel imatenga mpweya mwachindunji kuchokera kumlengalenga wakunja. Zowona, chifukwa cha ichi ayenera kukwera pamphindi 15 zilizonse. Koma khunyu litatuluka mwadzidzidzi m'madzi, limatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa maola angapo, bola kuti thupi ndi pakamwa lisaphe.

Mtundu wa malasha amagetsi ndi bulawuni wa maolivi, womwe umalola kuti anthu ena azikumbukira. Pakhosi pokhapokha pamutu pake pali lalanje owala, koma zoterezi sizingathandize omwe akumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha magetsi a eel. Akayamba kugwedezeka ndi thupi lake lonse loterera, zotulutsa zimapangika ndi mphamvu yakufika pa 650V (makamaka 300-350V), yomwe nthawi yomweyo imapha nsomba zazing'ono zonse zapafupi. Nyama ikugwera pansi, ndipo wolunjayo am'nyamula, am'meza yonse ndikuinyoza chapafupi kuti apumule pang'ono.

Eel yamagetsi imakhala ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimakhala ndimbale yamagetsi yamagetsi - maselo amisempha osinthika, pakati pa ziwalo zomwe zimatha kupanga kusiyana. Matupi amakhala ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a kulemera kwa nsomba izi.

Komabe, ma eel yamagetsi amathanso kupanga magetsi ochulukitsa ndi voliyumu yotsika - mpaka 10 volts. Popeza saona bwino, amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati radar kuti azitha kuyang'ana nyama.

Ziphuphu zamagetsi zimatha kukhala zazikulu, mpaka ma 2,5 kutalika ndi 20 kilogalamu. Amakhala m'mitsinje ya South America, mwachitsanzo, ku Amazon ndi Orinoco. Amadyetsa nsomba, amphibians, mbalame, komanso nyama zazing'ono.

Popeza ma eel yamagetsi amatenga mpweya kuchokera kumlengalenga, imayenera kukwera pamwamba pamadzi. Amayenera kuchita izi kamodzi kamodzi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, koma izi zimachitika pafupipafupi.

Mpaka pano, anthu ochepa amafa amadziwika atakumana ndi magetsi eel. Komabe, kugwedeza kwamagetsi kambiri kumatha kubweretsa kupuma kapena kulephera kwa mtima, chifukwa chomwe munthu amatha kumira m'madzi osaya.

Thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maselo apadera. Maselo amenewa amalumikizana motsatana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamitsempha. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli kuphatikiza, kumbuyo kumakhala opanda. Mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwa koyambirira ndipo zimadutsa motsatana kuchokera ku chiwalo kupita ku chiwalo, zimapeza mphamvu kugunda moyenera momwe zingathere.

Eel yamagetsi palokha imakhulupirira kuti yapatsidwa chitetezo chodalirika, motero sichifulumira kudzipereka ngakhale kwa mdani wamkulu. Panali nthawi zina pamene ma eels sanadutse ngakhale kwa ng'ona, ndipo anthu ayenera kupeweratu kukumana nawo. Zachidziwikire, ndizokayikitsa kuti kutulutsa kumapha munthu wamkulu, koma zotengeka kuchokera kwa iye sizingakhale zosasangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kusazindikira, ndipo ngati m'madzi muli madzi, wina akhoza kumira.

Eel yamagetsi ndiwankhanza kwambiri, imawukira nthawi yomweyo ndipo sachenjeza aliyense za zolinga zake. Mtunda wotetezedwa kuchokera pa mita eel siosakwana mamita atatu - izi zikuyenera kukhala zokwanira kupewa malo owopsa.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga magetsi, eel ilinso ndi imodzi, mothandizidwa nayo yomwe imasokoneza chilengedwe. Wodziwikiratu uyu amapeza mafunde am'munsi-ochepa, omwe, pobwerera, amadziwitsa eni ake za zopinga zomwe zili kutsogolo kapena kukhalapo kwa zolengedwa zoyenera.

Katswiri wa zanyama Kenneth Catania waku Vanderbilt University (USA), akuwona ma eels wamagetsi omwe amakhala mu malo okhala ndi zida zam'madzi, adazindikira kuti nsomba zimatha kubalalitsa betri yawo m'njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana. Loyamba ndi lamagetsi otsika-voliyumu pansi kuti lichepetse pansi, chachiwiri ndi kutsatana kwamagalasi awiri kapena atatu okwanira ma millisecond angapo, ndipo pamapeto pake, njira yachitatuyo ndi volley yayitali yamphamvu yamagetsi komanso okwera kwambiri.

Eel ikaukira, imatumiza ma volts ambiri ku zowonjezera pa pafupipafupi (njira yachitatu). Ma millisecond atatu kapena anayi a kusanthula kotero ndikwanira kulimbikitsa wolakwiridwayo - ndiye kuti titha kunena kuti eel imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma frequency akewo amapitilira zida zamakedzana: mwachitsanzo, Tizer wakunja amatulutsa mapaundi 19 pamphindi, pomwe eel - yokwanira 400. Popeza wofinya wozunzidwayo, ayenera, osangotaya nthawi, kuyigwira mwachangu, apo ayi wogwirayo angadziwenso.

M'nkhani ina mu Science, a Kenneth Catania alemba kuti "mfuti yodutsa" imangokhala ngati mnzake wakunyumba, zomwe zimayambitsa minyewa yodzipweteka kwambiri. Makina ochitapo kanthu adatsimikiza kuyesa kwachilendo, pomwe nsomba yokhala ndi chingwe chowonongeka chidayikidwa mu aquarium kuti ipangile, ndipo chotchinga chamagetsi chovomerezeka chimalekanitsa. Nsombazo sizimatha kuwongolera minofu, koma adadziyanjanitsa okha chifukwa chogunda kwamagetsi. (Eel idakwiya kuti iphulike ponyera mphutsi kwa iye ngati chakudya.) Ngati ma cell a poizoni am'madzi adalowetsedwa mu nsomba ndi chingwe chowonongeka, ndiye kuti magetsi ochokera ku eel alibe mphamvu pa izo. Ndiye kuti, chandamale chamagetsi chamagetsi chinali ndendende zamagalasi zomwe zimayendetsa minofu.

Komabe, zonsezi zimachitika pamene eel yatsimikiza kale kulanda. Ndipo ngati migodi ikubisala? Ndikusuntha kwamadzi ndiye kuti simupeza. Kuphatikiza apo, eel imasaka usiku, ndipo nthawi yomweyo singadzitamande chifukwa cha maso okongola. Kuti apeze nyama, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina yachiwiri: magawo awiri a mphamvu zitatu. Kutulutsa uku kumatsimikizira chizindikiro cha ma neuron a mota, ndikupangitsa minofu yonse ya omwe angakhudzidwe nayo kuti achite mgwirizano. Eel, titero, amamuuza kuti adzipeze: kuphipha kwa minofu kumadutsa m'thupi la wolakwiridwayo, kuyamba kununkha, ndipo khunyu limagwira kugwedeza kwamadzi - ndikumvetsetsa komwe kubisako kunabisala. Mofanananso ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi chingwe chowonongeka, idasiyanitsidwa ndi khunyu ndi cholepheretsa kale magetsi, koma eel imatha kumva mafunde amadzi kuchokera pamenepo. Nthawi yomweyo, nsombayo idalumikizidwa ndi chowonjezera, kotero kuti minofu yake idalimba pothandizidwa ndi yemwe akuyesera. Zinapezeka kuti ngati khunyu limatulutsa “kufufuma pang'ono”, ndipo nthawi yomweyo nsomba zimakakamizidwa kuti zizisungunuka, ndiye kuti eel imakumana nayo. Ngati nsombazo sizinayankhe mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye kuti eel, sikunatero ayi - sanadziwe komwe inali.

Nkhaniyi imapezekanso m'zilankhulo izi: Thai

Khalidwe

Eel yamagetsi ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri ku South America. Amakonda maiwe abwino atsopano komanso otentha. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuonedwa pa Amazon kapena Orinoco. Imatha kukhazikika m'zigwa zomwe zidasefukira ndi madzi komanso m'malo otsetsereka a nkhalango zamvula.

Pokhala m'malo osungirako okhala ndi mpweya wambiri m'madzi, nsomba zimakakamizidwa kuti zizipuma pang'ono kuti zipume pang'ono. Kutha kupuma kwa oxygen kumamuthandiza kuti akhale pamtunda kwa maola angapo, pokhapokha ngati thupi lake komanso milomo yake yanyowa.

Eel amakhala moyo wapadera. Amakhala nthawi yayikulu pansi pa mtsinje kapena nyanja, kubisala pakati pa zitsamba ndi mitengo. Nthawi ndi nthawi amadzuka kuti adzazenso mpweya watsopano. Alibe mapapu. Chifuwa chamkamwa chimakutidwa ndi zotengera zapadera zomwe zimatha kuthira mpweya.

Nsombayo imakakamizidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito mphindi 10 zilizonse kuti ipeze gawo la mpweya. Amakhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo saigwiritsa ntchito konse kuti athe kuwona. Chomaliza chimachokera kumimba kupita kumchira. Ndi iyo, amatha kusambira mopita kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo.

Kubisala pakati pa zomerazi, nthawi ndi nthawi eel imayang'ana malo ozungulira ndi magetsi.

Mwanjira imeneyi, amatha kupeza munthu wosagwedezeka. Khungu lake limakhala ndi zida zambiri zomwe zimatha kutengera zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nyama zina.

Pothamangira pakubisala, mlenjeyo amadikirira nyama yake, kenako amaiyambitsa ndi zotulutsa. Ndi mano ofooka, amameza mnzake.

Pakati pawo, ma eel amalankhulana pazofowoka zopanda mphamvu. Wamphongo wamkulu amatulutsa mokweza mawu pafupipafupi, pomwe akazi amagwiritsa ntchito zazifupi komanso zazitali.

Onani zomwe "Eel eel" ili mu mabuku otanthauzira ena:

magetsi amagetsi - Eel yamagetsi. eel yamagetsi (Electrophorus umemeus), nsomba mu banja la ma acorn a magetsi. End End ku South America. Thupi limakhala lokwera (pafupifupi 2 m), lolemera mpaka 20 makilogalamu, palibe zipsepse zamkati ndi zamkati. Pamwambapa ndiobiriwira maolivi a maolivi okhala ndi mitundu yowala ... ... Latin America Encyclopedic Reference

Gulu la nsomba. Mtundu wokha wa banja. Ali ndi ziwalo zamagetsi zokhala ndi pafupifupi. 4/5 ya kutalika kwa thupi. Amapereka zotulutsa mpaka 650 V (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa). Kutalika kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 m, kulemera mpaka 40 makilogalamu. M'mitsinje ya Amazon ndi Orinoco. Chomwe chimayenera kukhala chodziletsa. ... ...

Gulu la nsomba. Mtundu wokha wa banja. Ili ndi ziwalo zamagetsi, zokhala pafupifupi 4/5 kutalika kwa thupi. Amapereka kutaya kwa 650 V (nthawi zambiri kocheperako). Kutalika kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 m, kulemera mpaka 40 kg. Amakhala m'mitsinje ya Amazon ndi Orinoco. Chomwe chimakhala ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

HYMNOT KAPA ECHITSI EEL Bony nsomba pamenepa. matope, madzi.ku America, imatha kupanga magetsi amphamvu. kuwomba. Mtanthauzira mawu ena akunja ophatikizidwa mchilankhulo cha Russia. Pavlenkov F., 1907. HYMNOT kapena EICOP EASTER ... ... Kamwini ka mawu akunja a chilankhulo cha Russia

- (Electrophoro umeme) wa banja la Electrophoridae wa cyprinidae. Amakhala m'madzi oyera a ku Central ndi South America. Thupi limakhala maliseche, mpaka 3 m.Malemera mpaka 40 kg. M'mbali mwake muli ziwalo zamagetsi. Dorsal ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Fish neg. cyprinids. umodzi. malingaliro abanja. Ali ndi sitima yamagetsi. ziwalo okhala pafupifupi. 4/5 ya kutalika kwa thupi. Amapereka kutaya kwa 650 V (nthawi zambiri kocheperako). Chifukwa kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 m, kulemera mpaka 40 kg. Amakhala m. Amazon ndi Orinoco. Chomwe chimayenera kukhala chodziletsa. Labu ... ... sayansi yachilengedwe. Buku la Encyclopedic

magetsi amagetsi - elektrinis ungurys statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Electrophoroususus angl. magetsi a eel rus. eel ryšiai in term ia:: platesnis terminas - elektriniai unguriai ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

Onani nsomba Zamagetsi ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus ndi I.A. Efron

Mphaka wamoto ... Wikipedia

ETSOGOLO, yamagetsi, yamagetsi. 1. adj. kumagetsi. Zamagetsi zamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi. Mtengo wamagetsi. Kutulutsa kwamagetsi. || Zosangalatsa, ndikupanga magetsi. Galimoto yamagetsi. Chomera. ... ... Kufotokozera kwachidziwitso Ushakov

Mabuku

• Spark ya moyo. Magetsi m'thupi la munthu, Ashcroft Francis. Aliyense amadziwa kuti magetsi amayendetsa magalimoto, sizikudziwika kuti zomwezi zitha kunenedwa za ife eni. Kutha kuwerenga ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zalembedwa, kuwona ndi kumva, kuganiza ...

Madzi achilendo komanso amatope a Amazon amabisa zoopsa zambiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi magetsi a eel (lat. Electrophorus elekitirodi ) ndiye yekha woimira gulu la magetsi la eel. Imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America ndipo imapezeka m'misika yaying'ono yapakatikati komanso kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wamphamvu wa Amazon.

Kutalika kwa eel yamagetsi wamkulu kumakhala mita imodzi ndi theka, ngakhale nthawi zina zitsanzo za mamitala atatu zimapezekanso. Nsomba zotere zimalemera pafupifupi 40 kg. Thupi lake limakhala lokwera komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Kwenikweni, eel iyi siili yofanana ndi nsomba: palibe mamba, kungokhala mchira ndi zipsepse zamatumbo, kuphatikiza apo imapumira mpweya wamlengalenga.

Zowonadi ndi zakuti misonkho komwe magetsi ammadzi amakhala osachepera komanso kwamitambo, ndipo madzi momwemo amakhala opanda mpweya. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chapatsa nyamayi ziwalo zapadera zamkati pamkamwa, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe eel imatenga mpweya mwachindunji kuchokera kumlengalenga wakunja. Zowona, chifukwa cha ichi ayenera kukwera pamphindi 15 zilizonse. Koma khunyu litatuluka mwadzidzidzi m'madzi, limatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa maola angapo, bola kuti thupi ndi pakamwa lisaphe.

Mtundu wa malasha amagetsi ndi bulawuni wa maolivi, womwe umalola kuti anthu ena azikumbukira. Pakhosi pokhapokha pamutu pake pali lalanje owala, koma zoterezi sizingathandize omwe akumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha magetsi a eel. Akayamba kugwedezeka ndi thupi lake lonse loterera, zotulutsa zimapangika ndi mphamvu yakufika pa 650V (makamaka 300-350V), yomwe nthawi yomweyo imapha nsomba zazing'ono zonse zapafupi. Nyama ikugwera pansi, ndipo wolunjayo am'nyamula, am'meza yonse ndikuinyoza chapafupi kuti apumule pang'ono.

Ndikudabwa kuti amatha bwanji kupanga zotulutsa zotere? Kungoti thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimakhala ndi maselo apadera. Maselo amenewa amalumikizana motsatana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamitsempha. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli kuphatikiza, kumbuyo kumakhala opanda. Mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwa koyambirira ndipo zimadutsa motsatana kuchokera ku chiwalo kupita ku chiwalo, zimapeza mphamvu kugunda moyenera momwe zingathere.

Eel yamagetsi palokha imakhulupirira kuti yapatsidwa chitetezo chodalirika, motero sichifulumira kudzipereka ngakhale kwa mdani wamkulu. Panali nthawi zina pamene ma eels sanadutse ngakhale kwa ng'ona, ndipo anthu ayenera kupeweratu kukumana nawo. Zachidziwikire, ndizokayikitsa kuti kutulutsa kumapha munthu wamkulu, koma zotengeka kuchokera kwa iye sizingakhale zosasangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kusazindikira, ndipo ngati m'madzi muli madzi, wina akhoza kumira.

Eel yamagetsi ndiwankhanza kwambiri, imawukira nthawi yomweyo ndipo sachenjeza aliyense za zolinga zake. Mtunda wotetezedwa kuchokera pa mita eel siosakwana mamita atatu - izi zikuyenera kukhala zokwanira kupewa malo owopsa.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga magetsi, eel ilinso ndi imodzi, mothandizidwa nayo yomwe imasokoneza chilengedwe. Wodziwikiratu uyu amapeza mafunde am'munsi-ochepa, omwe, pobwerera, amadziwitsa eni ake za zopinga zomwe zili kutsogolo kapena kukhalapo kwa zolengedwa zoyenera.

Anthu adaphunzira za nsomba zamagetsi kwanthawi yayitali: ngakhale ku Egypt Egypt adagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kukomoka kuti agwire khunyu, mawonekedwe a eel yamagetsi adalimbikitsa Alessandro Volta lingaliro la batri lake lotchuka, ndipo a Michael Faraday, "bambo wamagetsi", adagwiritsa ntchito eel yomweyo monga zida zasayansi. Akatswiri amakono amadziwa zomwe zitha kuyembekezedwa kuchokera ku nsomba zotere (pafupifupi maimili pafupifupi eel amatha kupanga ma volts a 600), kuwonjezera apo, ndizodziwika kapena zochepa kuti majini amapanga chizindikiro chodabwitsa - chilimwechi gulu la akatswiri a majini ochokera ku University of Wisconsin ku Madison (USA) lofalitsidwa ndi mndandanda wathunthu wamatumbo amagetsi a eel. Cholinga cha "mphamvu zamagetsi" ndizowonekeranso: zimafunikira pakuwusaka, kuyang'ana m'malo ndi kutetezedwa ndi adani ena. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe sichinadziwike - ndendende momwe nsombazo zimagwirira ntchito kugwedeza kwawo kwa magetsi, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yanji.

Choyamba, pang'ono pokhudza wamkulu.

Madzi achilendo komanso amatope a Amazon amabisa zoopsa zambiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi magetsi a eel (lat. Electrophorus elekitirodi ) Ndi yekhayo woyimira gulu lamagetsi amagetsi. Imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America ndipo imapezeka m'misika yaying'ono yapakatikati komanso kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wamphamvu wa Amazon.

Kutalika kwa eel yamagetsi wamkulu kumakhala mita imodzi ndi theka, ngakhale nthawi zina zitsanzo za mamitala atatu zimapezekanso. Nsomba zotere zimalemera pafupifupi 40 kg. Thupi lake limakhala lokwera komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Kwenikweni, eel iyi siili yofanana ndi nsomba: palibe mamba, kungokhala mchira ndi zipsepse zamatumbo, kuphatikiza apo imapumira mpweya wamlengalenga.

Zowonadi ndi zakuti misonkho komwe magetsi ammadzi amakhala osachepera komanso kwamitambo, ndipo madzi momwemo amakhala opanda mpweya. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chapatsa nyamayi ziwalo zapadera zamkati pamkamwa, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe eel imatenga mpweya mwachindunji kuchokera kumlengalenga wakunja. Zowona, chifukwa cha ichi ayenera kukwera pamphindi 15 zilizonse. Koma khunyu litatuluka mwadzidzidzi m'madzi, limatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa maola angapo, bola kuti thupi ndi pakamwa lisaphe.

Mtundu wa malasha amagetsi ndi bulawuni wa maolivi, womwe umalola kuti anthu ena azikumbukira. Pakhosi pokhapokha pamutu pake pali lalanje owala, koma zoterezi sizingathandize omwe akumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha magetsi a eel. Akayamba kugwedezeka ndi thupi lake lonse loterera, zotulutsa zimapangika ndi mphamvu yakufika pa 650V (makamaka 300-350V), yomwe nthawi yomweyo imapha nsomba zazing'ono zonse zapafupi. Nyama ikugwera pansi, ndipo wolunjayo am'nyamula, am'meza yonse ndikuinyoza chapafupi kuti apumule pang'ono.

Eel yamagetsi imakhala ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimakhala ndimbale yamagetsi yamagetsi - maselo amisempha osinthika, pakati pa ziwalo zomwe zimatha kupanga kusiyana. Matupi amakhala ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a kulemera kwa nsomba izi.

Komabe, ma eel yamagetsi amathanso kupanga magetsi ochulukitsa ndi voliyumu yotsika - mpaka 10 volts. Popeza saona bwino, amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati radar kuti azitha kuyang'ana nyama.

Ziphuphu zamagetsi zimatha kukhala zazikulu, mpaka ma 2,5 kutalika ndi 20 kilogalamu. Amakhala m'mitsinje ya South America, mwachitsanzo, ku Amazon ndi Orinoco. Amadyetsa nsomba, amphibians, mbalame, komanso nyama zazing'ono.

Popeza ma eel yamagetsi amatenga mpweya kuchokera kumlengalenga, imayenera kukwera pamwamba pamadzi. Amayenera kuchita izi kamodzi kamodzi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, koma izi zimachitika pafupipafupi.

Mpaka pano, anthu ochepa amafa amadziwika atakumana ndi magetsi eel. Komabe, kugwedeza kwamagetsi kambiri kumatha kubweretsa kupuma kapena kulephera kwa mtima, chifukwa chomwe munthu amatha kumira m'madzi osaya.

Thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maselo apadera. Maselo amenewa amalumikizana motsatana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamitsempha. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli kuphatikiza, kumbuyo kumakhala opanda. Mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwa koyambirira ndipo zimadutsa motsatana kuchokera ku chiwalo kupita ku chiwalo, zimapeza mphamvu kugunda moyenera momwe zingathere.

Eel yamagetsi palokha imakhulupirira kuti yapatsidwa chitetezo chodalirika, motero sichifulumira kudzipereka ngakhale kwa mdani wamkulu. Panali nthawi zina pamene ma eels sanadutse ngakhale kwa ng'ona, ndipo anthu ayenera kupeweratu kukumana nawo. Zachidziwikire, ndizokayikitsa kuti kutulutsa kumapha munthu wamkulu, koma zotengeka kuchokera kwa iye sizingakhale zosasangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kusazindikira, ndipo ngati m'madzi muli madzi, wina akhoza kumira.

Eel yamagetsi ndiwankhanza kwambiri, imawukira nthawi yomweyo ndipo sachenjeza aliyense za zolinga zake. Mtunda wotetezedwa kuchokera pa mita eel siosakwana mamita atatu - izi zikuyenera kukhala zokwanira kupewa malo owopsa.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga magetsi, eel ilinso ndi imodzi, mothandizidwa nayo yomwe imasokoneza chilengedwe. Wodziwikiratu uyu amapeza mafunde am'munsi-ochepa, omwe, pobwerera, amadziwitsa eni ake za zopinga zomwe zili kutsogolo kapena kukhalapo kwa zolengedwa zoyenera.

Katswiri wa zanyama Kenneth Catania waku Vanderbilt University (USA), akuwona ma eels wamagetsi omwe amakhala mu malo okhala ndi zida zam'madzi, adazindikira kuti nsomba zimatha kubalalitsa betri yawo m'njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana. Loyamba ndi lamagetsi otsika-voliyumu pansi kuti lichepetse pansi, chachiwiri ndi kutsatana kwamagalasi awiri kapena atatu okwanira ma millisecond angapo, ndipo pamapeto pake, njira yachitatuyo ndi volley yayitali yamphamvu yamagetsi komanso okwera kwambiri.

Eel ikaukira, imatumiza ma volts ambiri ku zowonjezera pa pafupipafupi (njira yachitatu). Ma millisecond atatu kapena anayi a kusanthula kotero ndikwanira kulimbikitsa wolakwiridwayo - ndiye kuti titha kunena kuti eel imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma frequency akewo amapitilira zida zamakedzana: mwachitsanzo, Tizer wakunja amatulutsa mapaundi 19 pamphindi, pomwe eel - yokwanira 400. Popeza wofinya wozunzidwayo, ayenera, osangotaya nthawi, kuyigwira mwachangu, apo ayi wogwirayo angadziwenso.

M'nkhani ina mu Science, a Kenneth Catania alemba kuti "mfuti yodutsa" imangokhala ngati mnzake wakunyumba, zomwe zimayambitsa minyewa yodzipweteka kwambiri. Makina ochitapo kanthu adatsimikiza kuyesa kwachilendo, pomwe nsomba yokhala ndi chingwe chowonongeka chidayikidwa mu aquarium kuti ipangile, ndipo chotchinga chamagetsi chovomerezeka chimalekanitsa. Nsombazo sizimatha kuwongolera minofu, koma adadziyanjanitsa okha chifukwa chogunda kwamagetsi. (Eel idakwiya kuti iphulike ponyera mphutsi kwa iye ngati chakudya.) Ngati ma cell a poizoni am'madzi adalowetsedwa mu nsomba ndi chingwe chowonongeka, ndiye kuti magetsi ochokera ku eel alibe mphamvu pa izo. Ndiye kuti, chandamale chamagetsi chamagetsi chinali ndendende zamagalasi zomwe zimayendetsa minofu.

Komabe, zonsezi zimachitika pamene eel yatsimikiza kale kulanda. Ndipo ngati migodi ikubisala? Ndikusuntha kwamadzi ndiye kuti simupeza. Kuphatikiza apo, eel imasaka usiku, ndipo nthawi yomweyo singadzitamande chifukwa cha maso okongola. Kuti apeze nyama, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina yachiwiri: magawo awiri a mphamvu zitatu. Kutulutsa uku kumatsimikizira chizindikiro cha ma neuron a mota, ndikupangitsa minofu yonse ya omwe angakhudzidwe nayo kuti achite mgwirizano. Eel, titero, amamuuza kuti adzipeze: kuphipha kwa minofu kumadutsa m'thupi la wolakwiridwayo, kuyamba kununkha, ndipo khunyu limagwira kugwedeza kwamadzi - ndikumvetsetsa komwe kubisako kunabisala. Mofanananso ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi chingwe chowonongeka, idasiyanitsidwa ndi khunyu ndi cholepheretsa kale magetsi, koma eel imatha kumva mafunde amadzi kuchokera pamenepo. Nthawi yomweyo, nsombayo idalumikizidwa ndi chowonjezera, kotero kuti minofu yake idalimba pothandizidwa ndi yemwe akuyesera. Zinapezeka kuti ngati khunyu limatulutsa “kufufuma pang'ono”, ndipo nthawi yomweyo nsomba zimakakamizidwa kuti zizisungunuka, ndiye kuti eel imakumana nayo. Ngati nsombazo sizinayankhe mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye kuti eel, sikunatero ayi - sanadziwe komwe inali.

Eel yamagetsi ndiyo nsomba yoopsa kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zonse zamagetsi. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa anthu ovulala, iye ali patsogolo pa mbiri yoyipa ya piranha. Eel iyi (mwa njira, ilibe chochita ndi ma eel wamba) imatha kupatsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Ngati mutenga chidendene chaching'ono m'manja mwanu, mukumverera pang'ono, ndipo mukuganizira kuti ana ali ndi masiku ochepa okha ndipo ali ndi masentimita awiri okha, ndikosavuta kulingalira zomwe mungapeze mukamakhudzana ndi eel. Munthu yemwe amalumikizana motere amalandila kumenyedwa kwa 600 V ndipo mutha kufa nayo. Mafunde amagetsi amphamvu amatumiza eel yamagetsi mpaka ma 150 pa tsiku. Koma chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale ali ndi chida chotere, eel amadya nsomba zochepa.

Kupha nsomba, magetsi am'madzi amanjenjemera, kumasula ndalama. Wovutikayo amamwalira nthawi yomweyo. Eel amagwira pansi, nthawi zonse kuyambira kumutu, kenako, ndikukhazikika pansi, amasenda nyama yake kwa mphindi zingapo.

Ma eel amagetsi amakhala m'mitsinje yopanda ku South America; amapezeka m'madzi a Amazon. M'malo omwe eel amakhala, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuperewera kwa oxygen. Chifukwa chake, ma eel amagetsi ali ndi mawonekedwe. Black mutu umakhala pansi pa madzi pafupifupi maola awiri, kenako umayandama pamwamba ndikupumira pamenepo kwa mphindi 10, pomwe nsomba wamba zimangofunika kuyandama kwa masekondi angapo.

Ma eel amagetsi ndi nsomba zazikulu: kutalika kwa akuluakulu ndi 1-1,5 m, kulemera mpaka 40 makilogalamu. Thupi limakwezedwa, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pake. Khungu limakhala lopanda chovala. Zipsepse zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi magetsi eel amatha kuyenda mosavuta mbali zonse. Makatani amtundu wakuda wamagetsi ndi bulauni, kunsi kwa mutu ndi mmero ndi lalanje owala. Mitundu ya achichepere ndiyopanikiza.

Chosangalatsa kwambiri pakupanga ma eels wamagetsi ndi ziwalo zamagetsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi 2/3 kutalika kwa thupi. Mtengo wabwino wa "batire" uyu uli kutsogolo kwa eel, zoipa - kumbuyo. Magetsi ochulukitsa kwambiri, malingana ndi momwe akuwonera m'madzi am'madzi, amatha kufikira 650 V, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako, ndipo kwa mita mita ya nsomba sapitilira 350 V. Mphamvuyi ndiyokwanira kuyatsa mababu amagetsi asanu. Zida zazikulu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eel kuteteza motsutsana ndi adani komanso kupha ziwalo. Pali chinthu china chowonjezera chamagetsi, koma gawo lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi ilo limagwira ntchito yofikira lochulukirapo: mothandizidwa ndi zosokoneza zomwe zikupezeka mkati mwamundawu, eel amalandira chidziwitso pazopinga m'njira kapena kufalikira kwa zomwe zingapangidwe. Pafupipafupi pazotulutsazi ndi zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimatsala pang'ono kufalikira kwa munthu.

Madziwo, omwe amapangidwa ndi ziphuphu zamagetsi, samapha anthu, komabe ndiowopsa.Ngati, kukhala pansi pa madzi, kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, mutha kusowa chidwi.

Eel yamagetsi ndi yankhanza. Itha kugunda popanda chenjezo, ngakhale ngati palibe chowopseza. Ngati china chake chagwera m'gawo lachitetezo champhamvu, ndiye kuti eel sangabisike kapena kuyandamitsidwa. Ndikwabwino kwa iye mwini kuti ayende m'mbali mwa ngalande yamagetsi panjira. Simukuyenera kusambira kwa nsomba iyi pamtunda wosakwana mamitala atatu, iyi ndiye gawo loyambira kwambiri la eel.

Zambiri pazoyimira zamagetsi:

mitundu Related. Banja la ziphuphu limaphatikizapo mitundu 16, imodzi mwa izo ndi European eel.

Mtundu wa eel ndi maolivi-maolivi, thupi limafikira mamita awiri m'litali, mutu ndiwotalika komanso wosalala. Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi matupi oyenerera mchira, utali umene uli kumpanda atatu okwana kutalika thupi.

Kodi ma eel amagetsi amatulutsa bwanji magetsi?

Kusiyana komwe kungachitike chifukwa chofika 70 mV. Nembanemba wa thupi lomwelo ya magetsi njoka yam'madzi soda ndi maselo ndi njira kudzera omwe ndi sodium ayoni akhoza kulowanso selo. Nthawi zina, 1 sekondi imodzi, pampu imachotsa pafupifupi ma 200 a sodium mu cell ndi nthawi yomweyo imasunthira pafupifupi ma ioni a potaziyamu ambiri mu cell. Membrane wa microseter wokulira amatha kukhala ndi 100-200 mapampu awa. Kawirikawiri njira izi atsekedwa, koma ngati n'koyenera iwo kutsegula. Izi zikachitika, kuyipa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumapangitsa kuti ma sodium ion alowenso m'maselo. Kusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kuchokera -70 mpaka +60 mV kumachitika, ndipo khungu limapereka kutulutsa kwa 130 mV. Nthawi ndondomeko - 1 yekha MS. Maselo amagetsi amalumikizidwa ndi ulusi wamanjenje, kulumikizana kumakhala kokhazikika. Ma electrocyte amapanga mtundu wamizati womwe ulumikizidwe limodzi. The voteji okwana kwaiye mbendera magetsi ukufika 650 V, apano - 1a. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, magetsi amatha kufikira 1000 V, ndipo mphamvu yomwe ilipo ndi 2A.

Ma electrocyte (ma cell amagetsi) a eel pansi pa maikulosikopu

Pambuyo kumaliseche zotsatira kachiwiri mpope ion, ndipo magetsi matupi njoka yam'madzi mlandu. Malinga ndi asayansi ena, pali mitundu 7 ya ma ion mumasamba a ma cell a electrocyte. Komwe njira izi komanso kusinthana kwa mitundu mitundu kumakhudzira kuchuluka kwa magetsi.

The kumaliseche magetsi batire

Chachiwiri ndi kutsatirana kwa ma cell okwanira 2-3 okwera mphamvu okhala ma millisecond angapo. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eel posaka munthu wobisika komanso wobisika. Kamodzi anapatsidwa 2-3 mkulu voteji kumaliseche, minofu obisalamo wovulalayo anayamba ndi kuotcha, ndi ziphuphu zakumaso angazindikire chakudya angathe mosavuta.

Njira yachitatu ndi mndandanda wa kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwambiri. Njira yachitatu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma eel posaka, ndikupereka mpaka 400 pamphindikati. Njira pafupifupi zimandiwumitsa nyama iliyonse ochepa ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe (ngakhale anthu) pa mtunda wa mamita 3.

Ndani wina amene angathe kupanga magetsi?

Koma nsomba zochepa ndizomwe zimatha kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi. Izi cheza magetsi (chiwerengero cha mitundu), magetsi mlamba ndi ena.

Nsomba zamamba amoto (

Eel yamagetsi ndi nsomba yayikulu yotalika mita 1 mpaka 3, kulemera kwa eel imafika 40 kg. thupi elongated njoka yam'madzi - Njoka, ataphimbidwa ndi khungu imvi wobiriwira zopanda mamba, ndipo patsogolo ndi kuzungulira, ndipo uli pafupi ndi mchira flattened laterally. Eels amakhala ku South America, makamaka, ku Amazon.

Coarse eel imapanga kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa magetsi mpaka 1200 V komanso komwe kumakhalako mpaka 1 A. Ngakhale anthu ochepa a m'madzi amatulutsa zotulutsa kuchokera ku 300 mpaka 650 V. Chifukwa chake, eel yamagetsi imatha kukhala ngozi yayikulu kwa anthu.

Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi kudziunjikira kwambiri milandu magetsi kukha zomwe limagwiritsa ntchito kusaka ndi chitetezo zilombo zolusa. Koma eel si nsomba zokha zomwe zimapanga magetsi.

Nsomba zamagetsi

Kuwonjezera eels magetsi, kuchuluka yaikulu madzi oyera ndi saltwater nsomba amatha kupangira magetsi. Mwathunthu, pali mitundu mazana atatu oterewa ochokera m'mabanja osagwirizana.

Nsomba zambiri "zamagetsi" zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuyendera kapena kupeza nyama, koma anthu ena amakhala ndi milandu yambiri.

Zamagetsi cheza - cartilaginous nsomba, nsombazo Achibale, malingana ndi mtundu mwina ndi mlandu voteji 50 200 V, panopa mu mulandu malire 30 A. amenewa kuyang'anira akhoza kugunda nsomba aakulu.

Catfish yamagetsi - nsomba zamadzi oyera, zimafika mita imodzi kutalika, kulemera sikupitirira 25 kg. Ngakhale ilibe mtundu wocheperako, nsomba yamkati yamagetsi imatha kupanga 350-450 V, ndi mphamvu yapano ya 0.1-0.5 A.

Habitat njoka yam'madzi magetsi

Eel yamagetsi imakhala m'madzi amatope a South America, makamaka m'mitsinje ya Amazon ndi Orinoco. Amakonda kukhala m'madzi opanda phokoso, koma otentha, abwino komanso opanda mpweya wabwino. Kuyambira chikhalire analenga njoka yam'madzi magetsi lapadera mtima minofu pa kamwa, ndiye m'pofunika nthawi adzauka pamwamba, kupuma mpweya wabwino. Koma ngati magetsi am'madzi alibe madzi, amatha kukhala pamtunda kwa maola angapo. Kukhala panja kumatenga mphindi 10 kapena kupitilira apo, palibe mitundu ina yam'madzi yomwe imakhala kuposa masekondi 30 pamtunda.

njoka yam'madzi magetsi (Electrophorus electricus). Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Brian Gratwicke.

Mawonekedwe

Eel yamagetsi - nsomba ndizambiri. M'litali pafupifupi mamita 2-2.5, koma palinso atatu-mita payekha. Kulemera kwa nsomba izi ndi pafupifupi 40 kg. Thupi limachita njoka ndipo pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mbali, mutu ndi lathyathyathya. Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi angatchedwe nyama, osati nsomba - chifukwa cha kusowa wathunthu wa mamba. M'malo mwake, pamakhala khungu lotetezedwa ndi ntchofu. Zipsepazo zimapezekanso, kupatula pectoral ndi caudal, koma zimapangidwa mosadziwika - ndi thandizo lawo, magetsi a eel amayenda mosavuta mbali zosiyanasiyana. Nature anapatsa yapadera imeneyi kubisa imvi bulauni mtundu, amene amalola njoka yam'madzi kukhala padera pamene kusaka nyama. Komabe, utoto wamutu ungasiyane ndi mtundu wamba, monga lamulo, zimachitika ndi tint ya lalanje.

Mbali yapadera

Dzina la nsomba izi zikusonyeza mbali yake yapadera kupanga wamphamvu kukha magetsi. Kodi akuchita bwanji izi? Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi la eel limakutidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi maselo apadera omwe amalumikizana motsatana ndi njira zamanjenje. Kuyambira pachiyambi, kumaliseche ofooka chikutenga mphamvu ndi mapeto, chifukwa mu kumaliseche amphamvu kwambiri, amatha kupha osati mwachangu yaing'ono, komanso mdani zikuluzikulu. Mphamvu yotulutsa yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi 350V. Kwa anthu, sichimapha, koma chitha kukhumudwa. Choncho, pofuna kupewa ngozi zosafunika kwa njoka yam'madzi magetsi ndi bwino kukhala kutali, ndipo abwera pafupi.

Mutu wa nsomba yamagetsi ndi lalanje. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Arjan Haverkamp.

M'zigawo Kusaka

Ma eel yamagetsi amaukira popanda kuchenjeza ndipo samadutsa ngakhale chiwopsezo chachikulu. Ngati chamoyo chilichonse chikuwoneka pafupi ndi eel, pomwepo chimagwedezeka ndi thupi lake lonse, ndikupanga kutulutsa 300- 300 V, komwe nyama zonse zomwe zikupezeka pafupi nazo zimafa, makamaka nsomba zazing'ono. Popeza anadikira mpaka ziwalo nsomba lakuya pansi, njoka yam'madzi amasambira modekha kuti iye ndi kuwameza lonse, kenako mpumulo mphindi zochepa kugaya chakudya.

Ndizosatheka kugwira eel yamagetsi pa ndodo yosodza, kuchenjera uku kumamuvuta, popeza alibe maso abwino. Izi zidachitika mwamwayi. Pambuyo zithunzi wakhala kupita kunyumba, kumbuyo m'madzi. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Seig.

Eel yamagetsi - mfundo zosangalatsa

1. Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi ziribe kanthu kochita ndi njoka yam'madzi wamba. Ili m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi ray (Actinopterygii).
2. Mwa anthu amagetsi am'modzi, maso awo ndi owoneka bwino, pali lingaliro lasayansi lomwe kuti chifukwa cha ukalamba maso a nsomba amasiya kuwona konse. Ndipo maso, ndipo iwo kusaka makamaka usiku.
3. Ma magetsi amagetsi ndiwosangalatsa. Samadyetsa nsomba zochepa, komanso mbalame, amphibians, crustaceans, ngakhale nyama zazing'ono.
4. Gimnotus - mwini lalifupi mano, zilibe kutafuna chakudya ndi kumeza pafupi kwathunthu.
5. Pogwiritsa ntchito chotchinga chamagetsi, akuda amalankhulana.
6. Eel yamagetsi ili ndi malo opezeka ndi mafunde ocheperapo, mothandizidwa nayo imalandira chidziwitso cha zopinga zapafupi kapena nyama.
7. Ngati inu kutenga m'manja mwa achinyamata njoka yam'madzi magetsi, mudzakhala pang'ono kumva kulasalasa zotengeka.
8. Mwa kuchuluka kwa omwe akukhudzidwa, eel yamagetsi ili patsogolo ngakhale piranha yolusa.
9. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, eel yamagetsi imatchulidwa mu mbiri yakale ya zaka za zana la 17 ngati cholengedwa chachilendo chomwe chimakhala ku Antilles. Pambuyo pafupifupi zaka, nsomba anafotokozedwa ndi wasayansi wotchuka Alexander Von Humboldt.

Kwa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndikofunikira kupereka malo akuluakulu am'madzi, akulu kwambiri, opatsidwa kukula kwa nsombazo, ayenera kukhala osachepera 3 metres pafupi ndi khoma limodzi. Ndikofunika kuganizira zakuya kwachisungiko, yamagetsi imangokhalira kukwera pamwamba, kenako ndikutsikira pansi, molumikizana ndi izi ndikwabwino kuperekera kuya kwa thanki yamadzi osachepera 1.5-2 metres.

Zamagetsi njoka yam'madzi - chidutswa cha mpukutu wa Aquarium moyo. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: patries71.

Ndikothekanso kusunga munthu m'modzi m'madzi amodzi, chifukwa nthawi yomwe nsomba sizimakondana, ngakhale amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatha kuchita nkhanza kwa mnzake. Tionenso pamaso pa katundu wake wapadera magetsi, pali mitundu zina za zomera madzi angathe kukhalira ndi elektrougrem umakhala pafupi. Eel imakhala ndi masomphenya osazindikira bwino, imagwiritsa ntchito kuyendera magetsi pamaulendo am'madzi - imatulutsa magetsi ofooka (10-15 V), ndipo ngati chinthu chachilengedwe (chomwe chitha kuchitidwa) chikapezeka, mphamvu yotulutsa imakulanso.

Eel yamagetsi iyi imawonetsa bwino lomwe kukula (kutalika) kwa aquarium ndikofunikira. Photo by: Scott Hanko.

Ma aquarium omwe amakhala ndi ma eel yamagetsi safunikira kuti munthu azithandizira. Kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kutsika kuposa 25 digiri Celsius, kuuma - 11-13 madigiri, acidity (pH) mulingo wa 7-8. N'zochititsa gimnotus sakonda kusintha madzi pafupipafupi, pali nkhambakamwa nsomba yokha amalenga nyengo imene kudziunjikira matenda antimicrobials kumathandiza. Kupanda kutero, zilonda za pakhungu zimapezeka m'miyeso yamagetsi.

Amakonda mchenga wamchenga, kachilomboka kakang'ono kamaloledwa, kupezeka kwa masamba ochulukirapo kumalandiridwa, amakondanso malo okhalapo pansi - miyala, mapanga, driftwood.

Anthu adaphunzira za nsomba zamagetsi kwanthawi yayitali: ngakhale ku Egypt Egypt adagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kukomoka kuti agwire khunyu, mawonekedwe a eel yamagetsi adalimbikitsa Alessandro Volta lingaliro la batri lake lotchuka, ndipo a Michael Faraday, "bambo wamagetsi", adagwiritsa ntchito eel yomweyo monga zida zasayansi. Akatswiri amakono amadziwa zomwe zitha kuyembekezedwa kuchokera ku nsomba zotere (pafupifupi maimili pafupifupi eel amatha kupanga ma volts a 600), kuwonjezera apo, ndizodziwika kapena zochepa kuti majini amapanga chizindikiro chodabwitsa - chilimwechi gulu la akatswiri a majini ochokera ku University of Wisconsin ku Madison (USA) lofalitsidwa ndi mndandanda wathunthu wamatumbo amagetsi a eel. Cholinga cha "mphamvu zamagetsi" ndizowonekeranso: zimafunikira pakuwusaka, kuyang'ana m'malo ndi kutetezedwa ndi adani ena. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe sichinadziwike - ndendende momwe nsombazo zimagwirira ntchito kugwedeza kwawo kwa magetsi, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yanji.

Choyamba, pang'ono pokhudza wamkulu.

Madzi achilendo komanso amatope a Amazon amabisa zoopsa zambiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi magetsi a eel (lat. Electrophorus elekitirodi ) Ndi yekhayo woyimira gulu lamagetsi amagetsi. Imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa South America ndipo imapezeka m'misika yaying'ono yapakatikati komanso kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wamphamvu wa Amazon.

Kutalika kwa eel yamagetsi wamkulu kumakhala mita imodzi ndi theka, ngakhale nthawi zina zitsanzo za mamitala atatu zimapezekanso. Nsomba zotere zimalemera pafupifupi 40 kg. Thupi lake limakhala lokwera komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Kwenikweni, eel iyi siili yofanana ndi nsomba: palibe mamba, kungokhala mchira ndi zipsepse zamatumbo, kuphatikiza apo imapumira mpweya wamlengalenga.

Zowonadi ndi zakuti misonkho komwe magetsi ammadzi amakhala osachepera komanso kwamitambo, ndipo madzi momwemo amakhala opanda mpweya. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chapatsa nyamayi ziwalo zapadera zamkati pamkamwa, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe eel imatenga mpweya mwachindunji kuchokera kumlengalenga wakunja. Zowona, chifukwa cha ichi ayenera kukwera pamphindi 15 zilizonse. Koma khunyu litatuluka mwadzidzidzi m'madzi, limatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa maola angapo, bola kuti thupi ndi pakamwa lisaphe.

Mtundu wa malasha amagetsi ndi bulawuni wa maolivi, womwe umalola kuti anthu ena azikumbukira. Pakhosi pokhapokha pamutu pake pali lalanje owala, koma zoterezi sizingathandize omwe akumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha magetsi a eel. Akayamba kugwedezeka ndi thupi lake lonse loterera, zotulutsa zimapangika ndi mphamvu yakufika pa 650V (makamaka 300-350V), yomwe nthawi yomweyo imapha nsomba zazing'ono zonse zapafupi. Nyama ikugwera pansi, ndipo wolunjayo am'nyamula, am'meza yonse ndikuinyoza chapafupi kuti apumule pang'ono.

Eel yamagetsi imakhala ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimakhala ndimbale yamagetsi yamagetsi - maselo amisempha osinthika, pakati pa ziwalo zomwe zimatha kupanga kusiyana. Matupi amakhala ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a kulemera kwa nsomba izi.

Komabe, ma eel yamagetsi amathanso kupanga magetsi ochulukitsa ndi voliyumu yotsika - mpaka 10 volts. Popeza saona bwino, amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati radar kuti azitha kuyang'ana nyama.

Ziphuphu zamagetsi zimatha kukhala zazikulu, mpaka ma 2,5 kutalika ndi 20 kilogalamu. Amakhala m'mitsinje ya South America, mwachitsanzo, ku Amazon ndi Orinoco. Amadyetsa nsomba, amphibians, mbalame, komanso nyama zazing'ono.

Popeza ma eel yamagetsi amatenga mpweya kuchokera kumlengalenga, imayenera kukwera pamwamba pamadzi. Amayenera kuchita izi kamodzi kamodzi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, koma izi zimachitika pafupipafupi.

Mpaka pano, anthu ochepa amafa amadziwika atakumana ndi magetsi eel. Komabe, kugwedeza kwamagetsi kambiri kumatha kubweretsa kupuma kapena kulephera kwa mtima, chifukwa chomwe munthu amatha kumira m'madzi osaya.

Thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maselo apadera. Maselo amenewa amalumikizana motsatana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamitsempha. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli kuphatikiza, kumbuyo kumakhala opanda. Mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwa koyambirira ndipo zimadutsa motsatana kuchokera ku chiwalo kupita ku chiwalo, zimapeza mphamvu kugunda moyenera momwe zingathere.

Eel yamagetsi palokha imakhulupirira kuti yapatsidwa chitetezo chodalirika, motero sichifulumira kudzipereka ngakhale kwa mdani wamkulu. Panali nthawi zina pamene ma eels sanadutse ngakhale kwa ng'ona, ndipo anthu ayenera kupeweratu kukumana nawo. Zachidziwikire, ndizokayikitsa kuti kutulutsa kumapha munthu wamkulu, koma zotengeka kuchokera kwa iye sizingakhale zosasangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kusazindikira, ndipo ngati m'madzi muli madzi, wina akhoza kumira.

Eel yamagetsi ndiwankhanza kwambiri, imawukira nthawi yomweyo ndipo sachenjeza aliyense za zolinga zake.Mtunda wotetezedwa kuchokera pa mita eel siosakwana mamita atatu - izi zikuyenera kukhala zokwanira kupewa malo owopsa.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga magetsi, eel ilinso ndi imodzi, mothandizidwa nayo yomwe imasokoneza chilengedwe. Wodziwikiratu uyu amapeza mafunde am'munsi-ochepa, omwe, pobwerera, amadziwitsa eni ake za zopinga zomwe zili kutsogolo kapena kukhalapo kwa zolengedwa zoyenera.

Katswiri wa zanyama Kenneth Catania waku Vanderbilt University (USA), akuwona ma eels wamagetsi omwe amakhala mu malo okhala ndi zida zam'madzi, adazindikira kuti nsomba zimatha kubalalitsa betri yawo m'njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana. Loyamba ndi lamagetsi otsika-voliyumu pansi kuti lichepetse pansi, chachiwiri ndi kutsatana kwamagalasi awiri kapena atatu okwanira ma millisecond angapo, ndipo pamapeto pake, njira yachitatuyo ndi volley yayitali yamphamvu yamagetsi komanso okwera kwambiri.

Eel ikaukira, imatumiza ma volts ambiri ku zowonjezera pa pafupipafupi (njira yachitatu). Ma millisecond atatu kapena anayi a kusanthula kotero ndikwanira kulimbikitsa wolakwiridwayo - ndiye kuti titha kunena kuti eel imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma frequency akewo amapitilira zida zamakedzana: mwachitsanzo, Tizer wakunja amatulutsa mapaundi 19 pamphindi, pomwe eel - yokwanira 400. Popeza wofinya wozunzidwayo, ayenera, osangotaya nthawi, kuyigwira mwachangu, apo ayi wogwirayo angadziwenso.

M'nkhani ina mu Science, a Kenneth Catania alemba kuti "mfuti yodutsa" imangokhala ngati mnzake wakunyumba, zomwe zimayambitsa minyewa yodzipweteka kwambiri. Makina ochitapo kanthu adatsimikiza kuyesa kwachilendo, pomwe nsomba yokhala ndi chingwe chowonongeka chidayikidwa mu aquarium kuti ipangile, ndipo chotchinga chamagetsi chovomerezeka chimalekanitsa. Nsombazo sizimatha kuwongolera minofu, koma adadziyanjanitsa okha chifukwa chogunda kwamagetsi. (Eel idakwiya kuti iphulike ponyera mphutsi kwa iye ngati chakudya.) Ngati ma cell a poizoni am'madzi adalowetsedwa mu nsomba ndi chingwe chowonongeka, ndiye kuti magetsi ochokera ku eel alibe mphamvu pa izo. Ndiye kuti, chandamale chamagetsi chamagetsi chinali ndendende zamagalasi zomwe zimayendetsa minofu.

Komabe, zonsezi zimachitika pamene eel yatsimikiza kale kulanda. Ndipo ngati migodi ikubisala? Ndikusuntha kwamadzi ndiye kuti simupeza. Kuphatikiza apo, eel imasaka usiku, ndipo nthawi yomweyo singadzitamande chifukwa cha maso okongola. Kuti apeze nyama, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina yachiwiri: magawo awiri a mphamvu zitatu. Kutulutsa uku kumatsimikizira chizindikiro cha ma neuron a mota, ndikupangitsa minofu yonse ya omwe angakhudzidwe nayo kuti achite mgwirizano. Eel, titero, amamuuza kuti adzipeze: kuphipha kwa minofu kumadutsa m'thupi la wolakwiridwayo, kuyamba kununkha, ndipo khunyu limagwira kugwedeza kwamadzi - ndikumvetsetsa komwe kubisako kunabisala. Mofanananso ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi chingwe chowonongeka, idasiyanitsidwa ndi khunyu ndi cholepheretsa kale magetsi, koma eel imatha kumva mafunde amadzi kuchokera pamenepo. Nthawi yomweyo, nsombayo idalumikizidwa ndi chowonjezera, kotero kuti minofu yake idalimba pothandizidwa ndi yemwe akuyesera. Zinapezeka kuti ngati khunyu limatulutsa “kufufuma pang'ono”, ndipo nthawi yomweyo nsomba zimakakamizidwa kuti zizisungunuka, ndiye kuti eel imakumana nayo. Ngati nsombazo sizinayankhe mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye kuti eel, sikunatero ayi - sanadziwe komwe inali.

Eel yamagetsi ndi nsomba yayikulu yotalika mita 1 mpaka 3, kulemera kwa eel imafika 40 kg. Thupi la eel limakhala lotalikirapo - njoka, yokutidwa ndi khungu lobiriwira popanda khungu, ndipo kutsogolo limakulungika, ndikuwongoleredwa kuchokera kumbali pafupi ndi mchira. Eels moyo mu America South makamaka Amazon.

Coarse eel imapanga kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa magetsi mpaka 1200 V komanso komwe kumakhalako mpaka 1 A. Ngakhale anthu ochepa a m'madzi amatulutsa zotulutsa kuchokera ku 300 mpaka 650 V. Chifukwa chake, eel yamagetsi imatha kukhala ngozi yayikulu kwa anthu.

Eel yamagetsi imapeza ndalama zochulukirapo zamagetsi, zomwe zimatulutsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka komanso kuteteza kwa adani. Koma ziphuphu zakumaso - osati kukawedza, umene umabala magetsi.