Pali ma subspecies pafupifupi 15, ndipo nthumwi za banja lolemekezeka zimakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi: ku Europe, Morocco, China, kummawa ndi kumwera kwa Asia, Australia ndi madera ena. Wapiti deer Kodi ndilo dzina lodziwika lanyumba zamtunduwu ku North America.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Anthu okhala ku Canada ndi America amatanthauza chinyama wapiti mawu achingerezi "elk" ku Europe amatanthauza moose. Kusokonezeka kwina m'mazina kumachitika chifukwa chakuti zazikulu zazikulu zimasiyanitsa zonse zazikazi zofiirira ndi zofiirira. Pali zolakwika m'matembenuzidwe amalemba.

Kodi ndi ziti wapiti? Ku North America, mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi, iwiri amaonedwa kuti yatha, ina yonse imapezeka m'maiko osiyanasiyana ku USA ndi kumpoto komwe kuli nkhalango ndi Canada.

Zonse zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nyanga zazikulu zokhala ndi nthambi, ndikupanga korona wokongola. Kusiyana kwamtundu waung'ono: agwape akuluakulu amakhala ku Manitoba ku Canada, ndi ang'onoang'ono kumwera chakumwera kwa California. Ngakhale "kulemera kwa korona", nyama ndizabwino komanso zonyada. Lingaliro la abulu ofiira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo onse.

Mayina amtunduwu ku China amatanthauzidwa kuti "zochulukirapo", chifukwa chake kufunika kwa wapiti kwa anthu kwakhala nako kale. Deer adasakidwa chifukwa cha nyama, zikopa, nyanga, kotero kuchuluka kwawo kudachepetsedwa, subspecies ambiri adasowa chifukwa chakutaya malo. Ngakhale pakusaka kwawoku ndikosaloledwa ndipo madera awo ambiri asungidwa ndi malo osungirako nyama, nyamayo yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira chifukwa chowopseza kutha.

Wapiti amadula mpaka mita 1.5 kutalika kwake, kukula kwake komweko kutalika kwa thupi. Makulidwe akuwonjezeka chifukwa cha nyanga mosiyanasiyana mpaka 2 m ndi njira zambiri komanso maukonde, omwe unyinji wawo umafika 16 kg. Kugwetsa nyanga kumachitika chaka chilichonse m'nyengo yozizira, kenako amabwerera.

Kulemera konse kwamphongo wamkulu ndi 300-400 kg. Yaikazi imalemera zochepa ndipo ilibe nyanga. Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi mtundu wa imvi, wachikasu.

Kukula kwamtunduwu ndi kwamtundu, koma ndikamakula, nyamayo imayamba kutulutsa. Mbawala yabwinoyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi "kalilole", malo akulu oyera achikasu kumunsi kwa mchira. Izi zimathandiza zinyama kupezana m'nkhalango zamtchire kutali kwambiri.

Malo okondweretsa a wapiti agwape ndi nkhalango zamapiri, malo ochepa ndi osinthana ndi zigwa zotseguka zokhala ndi ma forbs. Kupha mitengo mwachisawawa ndi mitengo yotetemera ndipo malo ophuka opitilira muyeso amakopa nyama ndi zakudya zabwino.

Makhalidwe a wapiti ndi moyo

Wapiti amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo atsogoleri awo ndi akazi achikulire. Amuna amakhala moyo wawo mpaka nthawi yachikhalidwe. Zochita za Deer zimawonekera madzulo ndi usiku. Sakonda dzuwa, masana pokhapokha kuli mitambo pomwe amapita kukadutsa. Wapiti pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala akugwira ntchito yofunafuna chakudya pama msipu ndi m'makope.

Amuna ndi akazi amasungidwa padera, kupatula nyengo yakukhwima, yomwe imayamba kumayambiriro kwa autumn, mu Seputembala. Pakadali pano, abambo akuyenera kutsimikizira mphamvu za mtsogoleri ndikuwongolera mphamvu zawo ndi omwe akuwafunsira. Gon ikhoza kuwoneka m'mapaki a America.

Liwu lofuulira la wamwamuna wamalonda limakhala lokwera komanso lotsika, nthawi zambiri limangopita ndi likhwangwala kapena kubangula. Kufuula kwa wapiti kukubaya, nthawi zina kumakhala kofanana ndi kansalu. Phokoso lomwe latulutsidwa tsopano ndi nkhani yomwe akatswiri amafufuza apeza kuti mapangidwe apadera amathandizira kuti mpweya uzituluka m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kusintha kumatulukamo chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa mphuno komwe kudutsa mumtsinje kumayenda. Phokoso lalitali kwambiri limabadwa kuchokera kusuntha kudutsa mu glottis. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafanana ndi kamtengoko kamayandikira ubulu wofiyanso pafupi.

Kulira kochititsa chidwi kumakumbutsa otchulidwa mufilimuyo "Lord of the Rings" - Nazgul. Wogwirizira wapiti sakudziwa ngakhale momwe angawopere alendo kupita kumalo osungira nyama, kuyitanitsa abale.

Kukhulupirika kwa Deer kulibe, wopambana pa duel amalandira ufulu wonse kwa akazi achinyama. Zimakhala mpaka kuzizira, mpaka kutopa ndi kutopa zimayambitsa. Akazi oyembekezera amakhala ochenjera, ndipo m'mabusa amapatsa mwayi amuna, omwe amapezanso mphamvu nthawi yozizira.

Chakiti Chakudya

Zakudya za agwape zimakhala makamaka ndi mafoloko, mphukira zamasamba, masamba ndi masamba, zipatso zakugwa, ma acorn ndi mtedza. Kucha zipatso kukhala mankhwala kwa artiodactyls. Munthawi yachisanu yozizira, apititi amadya makungwa a mitengo komanso singano zina.

Khwangwala amadya kwambiri, motero zakudya zake zimadziwika nthawi zonse: udzu umaponderezedwa, tchire tating'ono timadulidwa. Kusaka zakudya kumapangitsa kuti magulu azigwada azungu azingoyendayenda. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimapita kutchire ndikupeza kuti ndizokhalamo sizivuta: zimavomereza chisanu ngati malo okhalamo, makungwa a mitengo mozungulira amawombedwa.

M'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi, chidwi cha agwape chimamangirizidwa ndi tchire lomwe limatsukidwa kumtunda. Zimachitika kuti nyama zija zitakwera m'madzi ndikugwera m'madzi akuya mpaka mita 5 kuchira. Nthata zazing'ono zimayamba kudya mafuta amkaka ndi mkaka wakuda kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi.

Koma, pang'onopang'ono, potsatira chikhalidwe chake, amayesa maluwa oyamba ndi zitsamba zazing'ono zazing'ono. Msipu umatukuka msanga kwa nyama zazing'ono - 1-2 kg patsiku! Kenako mbawala yomwe yakula imasankha yokha momwe ingakhalire yodula. Wapiti ali ndi fungo labwino.

Kubala kwa Wapiti komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Deer amakhala wokhwima pofika zaka 1.5-2. Koma kusiyana pakati pa abambo ndikuti samaloledwa kuthamanga kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, akuyenera kuwonetsa kuti ali ndi mphamvu, wathanzi komanso wamphamvu pakubadwa kwawo, kubereka.

Pokhala ndi mphamvu, agalu achinyamata amakhala otakataka ndikufuula za ufulu wawo. Mawu a amuna amamveka kwa 5-10 km. Pa nthawi yotsika, nyama zimakhala zankhanza komanso zokonzeka kumenyedwa ndi aliyense, zimatha kuukira munthu.

Zochita zawo zamasiku onse zimasintha: amamwa kwambiri, amachepetsa thupi, amadula nthambi ndikuguguduza mitengo, kumenya pansi ndi ziboda zawo ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zomwe apeza. Kulimbana kwa otsutsa sikuchitika nthawi zonse, koma zikafika pakulimbana, ndiye kuti nyamazo zimamenya nkhondo mpaka kumapeto. Panali nthawi zina omwe omenyanirana anali ofanana nyanga kuti asabalalike ndipo onse awiri anafa ndi njala.

Tambala woyamba amawonekera mwa mkazi mzaka zitatu. Amayi ake amubisalira m'maudzu audzu kuchokera kumadyera pafupi. Patatha sabata limodzi, mwana amayamba kusuntha kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa amayi ake ndipo pang'onopang'ono amaphunzira zonse mwachitsanzo.

Live wapiti kuthengo mpaka zaka 20, komanso m'malo osungirako - mpaka zaka 30. Mbidzi zofiira za Wapiti zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yopanda vuto komanso yabwino kwambiri, ngakhale zili ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso nyanga zokhala ndi nthambi. Kukongola ndi chisomo zimawapangitsa kukhala chuma cha dziko.

Deer: kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi mbawala imawoneka bwanji?

Dees ndi la chordate, artiodactyl mamina, banja la agwape (agwape). Dzina lathu loti "ngwazi" iyi limachokera ku “mbira” yakale ya Asilavo, monga makolo athu amatcha nyama yonyowa.

Kukula kwa nguluwe kumasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wake, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa khungubwe lalikulu kumayambira pa 0.8 mpaka 1.5 metres, kutalika kwa thupi ndi mita 2 ndikulemera 200 kg. Pomwe pali kachilomboka kakang'ono kamtunda kotalikira mita imodzi yokha ndipo sikamaposa 50 kg.

Thupi lonyowa kwambiri lili ndi agwape ooneka bwino, ali ndi zomanga zofanana, khosi lalitali, komanso mutu wotsekera pang'ono.

Maso a agwape ndi akhungu la chikasu- chikasu, ma buluu ozama amapezeka pafupi.

Agulu ena amatha kudzitamandira ndi miyendo yopyapyala, pomwe ina ndiyifupi, koma kupatula agwape ali ndi minofu yolimba yamiyendo, yomwe imawathandiza kupulumuka. Zowonadi, sichiri pachabe kuti iye ndi m'modzi mwa nyama makumi awiri mothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi, kuthamanga kwa dewala othawa adaniwa amathanso kufikira 55 km pa ola limodzi.

Mano a Deer ndiwonetsero wazaka zake, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuvala ndi kung'ambika (kupera kwa fangs ndi incisors) katswiri wazam'tsogolo amatha kudziwa zaka zake.

Khungu la Deer limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limatha kukhala lochepa thupi mchilimwe komanso kutentha kwakuzizira nyengo yachisanu. Mtundu wa chovala cha agwape nthawi zambiri amakhala wa bulauni, bulauni, imvi kapena ofiira.

Nyanga zachitsulo

Nyanga zaikazi yokhala ndi agwape ndiyofunika kutchulidwe mwapadera, chifukwa ichi ndi chokongoletsetsa chooneka bwino cha nyama iyi, yomwe ili ndi mitundu yonse ya agwape (kupatulapo ngulu wopanda nyanga) ndi amuna okhaokha. Zachikazi sizikhala ndi njuchi, komanso, kuphatikiza ndi nyama zamphongo, zazimuna ndi zazikazi (ngakhale zazikazi zokhala ndi nyanga zokhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono kuposa zazimuna).

Chochititsa chidwi: Mitundu yambiri ya agwape amaswa nyanga zawo zakale pachaka, ndipo zatsopano zimayamba kukhala m'malo mwake. Nyanga zamapazi zimakhala ndi cartilage, kenako ndikukhala ndi minofu yamafupa, kukula kwawo kumadalira kwambiri thanzi la agwape, ndikadzaza kwambiri, momwe amadziwira zimakula msanga.

Okhala okhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha nthawi zambiri samatulutsa nyanga zawo (pafupifupi kamodzi zaka zingapo) kapena samazitaya konse.

Omwe akutsutsa agwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo chitetezo, komanso kuukiridwa. Mutha kufunsa, bwanji mukumenyanirana ndi nkhonya zamtendere? M'malo mwake, abulu aamuna nthawi zambiri amakondana wina ndi mzake chifukwa chachikazi, pomwe amakula ndi nyanga, wamkazi amapambana ndi nyanga zolimba. Reindeer amagwiritsanso ntchito nyanga za chipale chofunda kuti akumbe zitsamba kuti akwaniritse mphukira zomwe zimakonda zakudya zake.

Kodi agulu amakhala kuti?

Popeza agwape amakhala osazindikira malo awo ndipo amakhala omasuka, kumapeto ndi kumapiri, kumapiri kwa tundra ndi kolamba, kumatha kupezeka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi. Deer amakhala m'maiko ambiri ku Europe ndi Asia (kuphatikiza Ukraine), North ndi South America, kuli agalu omwe amakhala ku Africa, Australia ndi New Zealand.

Kodi mbawala amadya chiyani?

Popeza ngwazi ndi nyama yodziwitsa, chakudya chake zimadalira malo omwe agwape amakhala, kapena makamaka, pamizimba yam m'malo amenewo. Ngwazi zambiri zimadya masamba, mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo, udzu, nthambi zamitengo, komanso khungwa la mitengo, lomwe limathandiza kwambiri pakudya. Khwangwala sadzakana kusangalala ndi zipatso za maapulo, mapeyala, zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Reindeers omwe amakhala mu tundra amakonda kudya moss, omwe amakumba pansi pa chisanu ndi nyanga zawo.

Adani a deze

Muzochitika zachilengedwe, mimbulu ndi zimbalangondo ndi mdani woopsa wa agwape, pomwe agalu nthawi zambiri amatha kuthawa mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yawo yolimba. Komabe, gulu la mimbulu, makamaka likuchita zinthu mogwirizana, limathamangitsa galu wokalamba kapena wodwala. Komanso mdani wowopsa wa agwape ndi mlenje wa anthu, akupha nyama yodabwitsayo ya nyanga zake, yomwe kenako imapachikidwa ngati njira yosaka kwinakwake pafupi ndi poyatsira moto.

Khalidwe labwino

Aguluzi ndi nyama zosamukidwa zomwe zimakhala m'mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya anthu 10-30. M'nyengo yotentha, amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, momwe mitengo ndi udzu wambiri umakhala zakudya zabwino kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, amayesa kuyendayenda m'nthaka zomwe sizingafike, popeza ndi pomwe mumapezeka chipale chofewa kwambiri, motero, chakudya chochuluka pansi pa chipale chofewa.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa agwape ndi elk

Ngakhale abambo ndi agogo ndi abale apamtima ndipo nthawi zina moose amatchedwa molakwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri, pali kusiyana pakati pawo:

• Kusiyanaku koyamba kuli ngati nyanga; mu mphalapala, nyanga zimamera mozungulira padziko lapansi, komanso ndizokhala ndi nthambi zazikulu ngati fosholo. Nyanga za mphonje nthawi zonse zimakwezedwa.
• Chidacho ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa nguluwe, kulemera kwake kumafika mpaka 655 kg, pomwe kulemera kwa ngwazi zokulirapo sikupitirira 350 kg.
• Miyendo ya mphonje ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala kuposa ya agwape.
• Mosiyana ndi agwape, mbalame za m'mimbazi sizisonkhana ng'ombe, zimakonda kukhala zokhazokha, ndi akazi awiri amuna.

Kumanzere kuli ngwazi, kumanja kuli koloko.

Deer: kufotokozera ndi chithunzi. Kodi nyama imawoneka bwanji?

Kukula kwa oimira banja ndi kosiyana kwambiri. Kukula kwa reindeer kumayambira 0,8 mpaka 1.5 metres, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2 metres, ndipo kulemera kwa ngwazi ndi pafupifupi 200 kg. Kankhokwe kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kamtunda kamakwana mita imodzi ndipo sikamaposa 50 kg.

Thupi lonyowa kwambiri limasiyanitsidwa ndi agwape ofiira, omwe ali ndi zomanga zofanana, khosi lalitali komanso mutu wowala, wowongoka pang'ono. Maso a agwape ndi a bulauni, otuwa, okhala ndi maluwa okuya omwe amakhala pafupi. M'maso pang'onopang'ono pang'ono.

Mitundu ina ya agwape imakhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala, yokongola, ina yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi, koma imalumikizidwa ndi minofu yolimba ya miyendo ndi kupezeka kwa zala kufalikira mbali, yolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba.

Mano a Deer ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha zaka zake. Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kupera kwa mapangidwe ndi ma incisors, kupindika ndi mbali ya kupendekera, katswiri amatha kudziwa zaka za mbawala.

Mitundu yonse, kupatula ngwazi yamadzi yopanda nyanga, imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyanga zophukira (zotchedwa antlers), ndipo amuna okha ndi omwe amasiyana m'mafupa.

Reindeer ndi mtundu wokhawo wa mbawala zomwe zazikazi, kuphatikizapo zazimuna, zimakhala ndi nyanga, koma zazing'ono kwambiri.

Mitundu yambiri ya agwape ofunda kwambiri imagwetsa nyanga zawo chaka chilichonse. M'malo mwake, atsopano amabwera kumene, amakula nthawi yayitali, kenako amakula ndi minofu yamafupa. Nyanga zokhala ndi mbewa zimamera kutengera chakudya chake; Zamoyo zokhala m'malo otentha sizimataya nyanga zake kwa zaka, ndipo okhala m'mphepete mwa equatorial sazitaya konse.

Ntchito yayikulu ya nyanga za agwape ndi kuteteza ndi kuukira, ndipo mwayi wa munthu wamwamuna wopambana mu duel kwa agwiritse akazi amatengera mphamvu zawo. Reindeers amagwiritsa ntchito nyanga ngati zida, kukumba chisanu kuti afikire ku reindeer moss. Nyanga zosefukira zazikazi zazikazi zodziwika bwino ndi masentimita 120.

Deer amataya nyanga

Ndipo ngwazi izi zakula nyanga za atypical

Khungu la nswala limakutidwa ndi ubweya, wochepa thupi komanso wamfupi m'chilimwe, komanso nthawi yozizira imakhala yayitali.

Mtundu wa ubweya wamphaka umatengera mitunduyo ndipo imatha kukhala ya bulauni, yofiirira, yofiirira, yofiirira, imvi, yofiyira, yofewa, yopanda mawanga.

Deer ndi nyama yomwe ili pakati pa makumi awiri othamanga kwambiri.

Kuthamanga kwa mbawala yothawa kuthamangitsa kumatha kufika 50-55 km / h.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa agwape ndi agwape

Roe deer, amenenso ali m'gulu la agwape, amasiyana ndi ena m'njira zingapo:

• Nyanga za Roe zilibe nthambi, ngati mbawala.
• Mbawala za Roe, mosiyana ndi agwape, sizidzadya nkhuni za mitengo, apo ayi zakudya zawo ndizofanana.
• Pali kusiyanasiyana pakudya kwa ana, ngati agulu achikazi amadyetsa ana awo ataimirira, khwangwala amapita pansi.

Kumanzere kuli agwape, kumanja kuli nguluwe za agwape.

Mbawala zofiira

Makhalidwe a mawonekedwe:

• Kulemera - 250 kg
• Kutalika - mpaka 230 cm
• Nyanga iliyonse imakhala ndi njira zisanu ndi zitatu.
• M'chilimwe, mtundu wa ubweya umakhala wofiirira, nthawi yachisanu - imvi.

Malo omwe amakhala ndi Far East, Transbaikalia, Altai, Korea ndi North China.

Mawonekedwe

Mitundu yamagulu abula ofiira ndiyosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, agulu akulu okwanira ndi opiti amalemera oposa 300 kg ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa mamilimita 2,5 kutalika kwa masentimita 130-160, ndipo bukhara laling'ono la Bukhara limalemera zosakwana 100 kg ndipo limakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 175-190. mawonekedwe a nyanga. Mwachitsanzo, agulu aku Europe ali ndi njira zambiri, ndipo agwape alibe korona, koma lipenga lokhala ndiwambiri ndipo limapereka njira za 6-7.

Moyo. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Deer amakhala moyo wokhalitsa kapena wamisala. Omwe akukhala m'madera otsika amakhala m'malo a mahekitala 400, osachepera ndipo samayendayenda. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zokwanira chilichonse, chakudya ndi malo okhala. Kwa iwo omwe amakhala kumapiri, dera limodzi silabwino.

Chithunzi chabwino kwambiri

Chaka chilichonse amasoloka mtunda wautali (50-150 km) kuti apeze malo okhala ndi zakudya zambiri komanso nyumba zabwino (chipale chofewa). Masinthidwe amachitika nthawi yozizira, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo ya kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May, pomwe matalala onse asungunuka ndipo zonse zikutuluka, agalu amabwerera kumapiri, kumalo awo akale.

Nthawi zambiri amapuma kumapeto kapena kumata, kutengera nyengo yanji. Ngati kwatentha kwambiri, amatha kukwera m'madzi kuti akonzenso kenako kuti ayambe pang'ono. Ndipo nthawi yozizira, kuti akonze malo obisika komanso ogonera, amapeza pang'ono ndikukweza chisanu, ndikupanga dzenje lokhala ndi kabowo. "Misasa" yotere imakupatsani mwayi wobisala kuzizira, mphepo ndi chisanu.

Zitsamba m'miyoyo yawo yonse amasonkhana kapena amakhala. Poyamba ,ikazi imatsogolera gulu laling'ono, lomwe limaphatikizapo mbadwa zake. Kenako ikasiyidwa, gulu loterolo limasonkhana mnyumba yamphongo ndi yamphongo yayikulu. Akakhwima, nyama zazing'ono ndi ana ena achimuna atha kulowa nawo gululo. Kukula kwa ng'ombe kumatha kukhala kuyambira 6 mpaka 30 kapena kupitilira zolinga.

Mbawala zofiira zimadyera makamaka udzu. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba agwa, singano, makungwa ndi nthangala za mitengo ndi tchire zosiyanasiyana. Chofunikira pa chakudyacho ndi mchere, womwe amapeza m'miyala ya mchere komanso nthaka.

Kufunika kwachuma kwa dewala wofiira

Agulu ofiira akhala ndi dzina laudindo wosaka kwambiri. Kubwezeretsa deya ndizofala pazifukwa zingapo.

Zakudya zanyama zambewu zokhala ndi machiritso. Mphamvu yama venice ndi 155 Kcal pa magalamu 100 aliwonse, alibe mafuta. Pali mavitamini ndi michere yambiri nyama yambewu. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza ndi venison mu chakudya chosowa vitamini komanso matenda ochepa a metabolism. Nyama siyikhudzanso dongosolo lamtima ndipo imathandizira kuti ubongo uzigwira ntchito. Vitamini B1 (thiamine), yemwe amapezeka m'mimba yambiri ya venison, amachepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha fodya ndi mowa pa thanzi la munthu.

Magazi a Maral amatha kubwezeretsanso mphamvu za anthu ndikuchepetsa kukalamba. Kuyambira kale, asamu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zodabwitsazi, kukakamiza anthu kuti azimwa magazi atsopano. Anthu okhala ku Altai ndi Kumpoto akadali kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa podulira anthu oswa. Kugwiritsa ntchito magazi a nyama pathupi la munthu kumatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi. Ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Mankhwala ena amapangidwa kuchokera ku magazi a agwape.

Zoweta za Maral zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe ntchito. Khola limodzi lofiirira limatha kupatsa ana awiri anyani m'moyo wawo wonse kuyambira kuyambira zaka ziwiri. Nyanga zimadulidwa ndi chopukusira kapena hacksaw, malo odulawo amakonzedwa ndi njira ya cauterization.

Njirayi, yosasangalatsa kwa mbawala, ilibe zotsatira zoyipa. Pakapita nthawi, nyanga zimayambiranso kubwerera.

Pamaziko a zolembera za Altai maral, kukonzekera Pantokrin kumapangidwa. Imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi ndi yankho la mowa. Kuphatikizikako kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthamanga kwa magazi, kufooka kwa minofu ya mtima komanso kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Posachedwa, malo osambira ochiritsira opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mwana wakhanda wam'madzi atchuka. Kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira za antler mu cosmetology monga othandizanso kukonzanso komanso mafuta odzola mabala pakhungu ndi ponseponse.

Nyanga za nyama iyi ndi kunyada kwake. Ndi zibaba zamadzi zokha mu abambo onse awiri omwe alibe izi. Akazi oimira ambiri amtunduwu nawonso alibe nyanga. Komabe, pali nyama zomwe akazi ndi amuna amakhala ndi mafupawo. Chifukwa chake, agwape olemekezeka aku North America mwa akazi amakhalanso ndi nyanga. Ndi okhawo omwe ali ndi amuna ocheperako.

Mitundu yambiri imaponya nyanga pachaka. M'malo mwake, zophuka zatsopano zimayamba kukula. Nyanga zokhudzana ndi chitukuko poyamba zimakhala ndi cartilage. Pambuyo pake, maziko ake amakula ndi mafupa owonda. Khola la zophukazo limatengera kwathunthu zomwe amadyera amadya.

Deer amafunika nyanga kuti awonjezere mwayi wawo wopambana akamenyana ndi mdani. Nthawi zambiri amalimbana okhaokha wamkazi. Reindeer ali ndi nyanga m'magulu onse awiri. Nyamazi zimagwiritsa ntchito mafupa awo kukula kuti azikumba timadzi tosunthika kuchokera pansi pa chisanu.

Membala wamkulu pabanjapo

Nyama yayikulu kwambiri pabanja la agwape ndi mphalapala (lat Magazi onse) Akuluakulu amatha kutalika mamita 2.3 mu kufota ndikulemera 655 kg. Kutalika kwa msambo wamwamuna ndi pafupifupi mamita atatu. Thupi lalifupi kwambiri la nyamayo limasiyana pang'ono ndi miyendo yayitali pamapazi akulu.

Poyerekeza ndi ena oimira banja la agwape, phokoso la elk limakhala lalitali kwambiri, lokhala ndi milomo yayikulu. Mosasamala kanthu za jenda, chovala cha ubweya wa nyama chimapakidwa utoto wakuda, ndipo m'mimba ndi miyendo ndizowepuka kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo ndi m'mbali. Otsutsa a moose ali ndi mawonekedwe osyasyalika kuposa oyimira amtundu wina. Ichi ndichifukwa chake moose ali ndi dzina "sukhaty".

Moose amakhala kumayiko ambiri kumpoto kwa Hemisphere, ndipo amakhala pamtunda kuchokera kumalire a kumpoto kwa tundra kupita kumadera a nkhalango kumwera kwa Europe ndi North America. Amakhala m'matanthwe kapena m'malo onyowa, ngakhale chakudya chimasakidwa kumapeto kwa nkhalango kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Zakudya za mphalapakati zimakhala zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi ma bowa, bowa, zipatso, algae, nthambi zamitengo ndi tchire yaying'ono.

Makulidwe a Habitat

Msipu wofiyira

Red deer imakhala m'dera lomwe kukula kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa zakudya zake. Chakudya chochulukirapo, chocheperako chimakhala chocheperako. Nyama zimayika malo awo, ndipo anthu ochokera ku gulu lina salinso kudutsa malire, ndipo ngati atalowa m'gawolo mwangozi, amathamangitsidwa mwachangu ndi anthu akuluakulu omwe akuwonetsetsa kuti malo omwe akukhala ndi osavomerezeka. Pa mahekitala 1000, gulu la agwape anayi limatha kukhala ndi chakudya, ndipo mwina anthu 30, kutengera mphamvu yakudya malowo.

Agulu okhala m'mapiri amakhala moyo wosasunthika, mu kugwa amapita kumapiri, kumapiri kwenikweni kwa mapiri, ndipo kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira amapita kukapeza chakudya. Chisanu choyambirira chikangogwa, zazimayi zomwe zimakhala ndi ana zimapita kumalo osamba nthawi yachisanu, pambuyo pake amuna amuna amasunthira kumapazi a akazi. Nyama izi zimasambira mwangwiro, chifukwa chake zopinga zomwe zili mumtsinje sizili zoopsa kwa iwo.

Zovala zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi

Pudu -Chuma chaching'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pali mitundu iwiri yokha yodziwika mu mtundu wa Pudu: south pudu (lat.Pudu pudu) ndi kumpoto pudu (lat.Pudu mephistophiles). Pudu ndi nswala yokhala ndi thupi lalifupi, kutalika kwake komwe sikamapitirira 90 cm, kutalika kwake kumafota kuchoka pa 30 mpaka 40 cm, kulemera kwa ngwazi kumayambira pa 7 mpaka 10 kilogalamu, ndipo kutalika kwa nyanga zazifupi ndi kuchokera 7 mpaka 10 cm. -Maso amdima, kumbuyo ndi kupukutira pang'ono, nthawi zina pafupifupi kwakuda.

Mbidzi ya pudu imakhala kumadera akumwera kwa Chile, Ecuador ndi Peru. Mbawala zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi zimadya masamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono zazitsamba ndi mitengo yotsika. Samapanga ng'ombe zazikulu, amakonda kukhala yekha, nthawi zambiri awiriawiri.

Gulu la agalu ofiira amakhala ndi anthu 3-6, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka. Khosali limakhala la mkazi wamkulu komanso ana ake pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Mpikisano umayamba mu Seputembala ndipo umadutsa mu Novembala. Munthawi imeneyi, abambo amakonza magulu a akazi kuyambira kuchuluka kwazikazi, omwe chiwerengero chawo chimatha kuyambira awiri kapena makumi awiri. Nthawi zina, amuna amakhala mosiyana. Kubangula kwamphongo kumatha kumveka kwa mwezi wathunthu, kumafalikira kwambiri, kwa makilomita angapo. Liwu la bulu wobangula limaphatikizaponso phokoso losiyanasiyana, kuyambira kumanzere mpaka pamunsi mpaka patali, kukumbukira za komweing. Matanthauzidwe olondola a mbawala ndi “mawu a lipenga”, ndiye kuti kulira kwa lipenga komwe kumayandikira kwambiri ndi mawu a mbawala wofiira. Mtundu wa buluzi wobangula akuwonetsedwa ndi ojambula muzojambulazo: mutu woponyedwa kumbuyo ndi nyanga zapamwamba, ziboda zofalitsa dziko lapansi - zonsezi ndi chikhalidwe cha nyama izi.

Pa nyengo yakubala, kumenyana pakati pa abambo kumatha, chifukwa nyama zimakhazikitsa ukulu. Otsutsa agogoda ndi nyanga, kuyesera kugwetsana pansi. Amuna ofooka mwachangu amachoka kunkhondo. Mutha kudziwa ngati wamwamuna ndi wamphamvu kapena wofooka, osati maonekedwe okha, komanso ndi mawu. Khwangwala wamphamvu komanso wodziwa zambiri amakhala ndi mawu osasa mawu komanso otsika, pomwe mbawala yaying'ono ndi yofooka imakhala ndi mawu omveka bwino. Nkhondo sizimatha kutha mwatsoka, ngakhale panali nthawi zina zomwe amphwayi akaswa nyanga zawo, kapena zinkalumikizana ndi iwo kotero kuti sanathe kudzimana okha ndikumangofa ndi njala.

Anthu opanda nyanga amapezeka pakati pa amuna - samachita nawo ndewu, koma amayesetsa kukhala chete m'nyumba ya munthu wina.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mphonje ndi mphodza?

Ngakhale abambo ndi agalu ali a banja limodzi, pali zosiyana zingapo pakati pawo.

• Zoweta za mphalapala ndi agwape zimasiyana: ma buluzi, amakula mozungulira patali ndi dziko lapansi ndipo ali ndi nthambi zazikulu ngati fosholo. Nyanga zazitali zimamera, ndipo sizachuluka kwambiri.
• Elk ndi wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa oimira agwape. Moose amatha kulemera mpaka 655 kg. Kulemera kwa ngongole sikupitirira 350 kg, pomwe m'mitundu yambiri kulemera kwakukulu kumachokera ku 150 kg.
• Miyendo ya buluzi ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala kuposa miyendo ya agwape.
• Kusiyana kumawonedwa mu gulu la nyama. Mphalapala, mosiyana ndi agwape, samapanga ng'ombe, koma amakhala yekha kapena awiriawiri.

Deer kumanzere, elk kumanja

Maonekedwe a chikhalidwe cha amuna

Crimea, European, North American, Siberia wofiira agwape ndi subspecies ena amadziwika ndi machitidwe ena. Nyama izi ndi zamanyazi, zaukali komanso zamanjenje. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amamenya nkhondo yayikulu ndi anzawo. Sangatchedwe kuti osewera.

Amuna achichepere, akulowa mgulu, amayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, amayesa kukantha wotsutsayo. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimabweretsa kuvulala kwamuyaya. Khalidwe ili limalola amuna kuti adziwe momwe alili, yemwe ali wamphamvu kuposa aliyense. Wopambana amatenga ufulu wokhala wokwatirana ndi wamkazi ndikusiya ana.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Amphongo amphongo ofiira amakhala okonzeka kubereka azaka zakubadwa ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo zazikazi zimatha msinkhu mwina - pafupi miyezi 14 mpaka khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi. Mimba zazikazi zazikazi zazikazi zazing'ono kwambiri zimakhala masiku 193-263, ndipo mwa achikulire ana nthawi zambiri amapezeka atatha masiku 228-243.

Mitundu isanu yamtunduwu imabadwa kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi. Munthawi imeneyi, zazikazi zazikazi zofiirira zonse zimalekanitsidwa ndi gulu la mitundu yosakanikirana ndikukwera mozama ndikuthengo komwe kuli m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Njira yobereketsa yaikazi yaikazi yaikazi imapangidwira mu ma nook osankhidwa a nyama. Akazi nthawi zambiri amabereka ana amphaka amodzi, koma nthawi zina mapasa amabadwa. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa ngwazi yatsopano kumakhala pafupifupi ma kilogalamu khumi.

Khola laling'onoting'ono limakhala ndi utoto wamtundu, womwe ndi wodziwika bwino kwambiri pamtunduwu, womwe umateteza kwambiri nyamayo ndipo imathandizira kuti isasunthe mosavuta m'malo ozungulira. M'masabata oyambilira a moyo, ndiye mtundu wowoneka bwino womwe umateteza kwambiri agwape ndipo umamupulumutsa kuti asawonongedwe ndi adani ambiri.

Izi ndizosangalatsa! Pakati pa amuna nthawi zina pamakhala anthu opanda nyanga omwe samenya nawo nkhondo zapakati pa nyama, koma amayesa kulowa mkatikati mwa anthu ena.

Reindeer adayamba kudya okha azaka za mwezi umodzi. Komabe, limodzi ndi kudya udzu, makanda amayamwa mkaka wachikazi.

Nthawi yovutayo nthawi zina imatha mpaka chaka chimodzi. Khola limakula mwachangu kwambiri komanso mwachangu mpaka pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pambuyo pake kukula kwake kumachepa, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kukula kwa nyama kumasiya.

Makhalidwe achikazi

Akazi, mosazengereza, amukira aliyense amene akusokoneza ana ake. Amenya nkhonya yolusa. Zachikazi sizimaliza wotsutsana nazo. Wotsogola ali ndi mwayi kuchoka pambuyo pake. Amuna samangomenya otsutsana nawo, koma kuwapondereza mpaka kufa. Chifukwa chake, mimbulu, ikaukira mbawala, ndi gulu lalikulu.

Zoopsa

Deer ali ndi zowopsa zochepa kuposa mitundu ina. Komabe, adalipo. Nthawi zambiri adani amawazunza pagulu. Komabe, izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Ma subspecies akumpoto, monga European, agwape ofiira, amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo kuyambira ali aang'ono. Nyama yofanana ndi wolverine imatha kubera mwana wakhanda. Amagwira nyama zopanda nzeru zomwe sizinadzipulumutse konse.

Ntchito zachikulire sizili pachiwopsezo. Wolverine amazidutsa. Ndi adani onse, agulu amalowa mu duel. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse amapambana.

Choopseza chachikulu cha agwape ndi munthu. Anthu akuopa nyama'zi. Amayesa kuthawa. Kuphatikiza apo, mchitidwewu umakhala wodziwika osati kokha panthawi yomwe wambulu akawona munthu. Nyama imathawa, ngakhale pakung'ung'udza pang'ono, kununkhira kwa munthu.

Wamkazi sateteza mwana wake wamwamuna asakuwona. Adzathawa. Mwamuna akatenga mbawala m'manja mwake, mkaziyo samenyanso mwamunayo. Amakhala pambali ndikuwona zomwe zikuchitika.

Zina

Nyama iyi ndiyachikhalidwe. Imachitika ndi gululi m'chilimwe. Kuchulukitsa kwa ziweto kumatha kukhala anthu 400. Masomphenya, kumva ndi kulawa masamba amakula bwino. Zomverera zonse zimakhudzidwa pakulankhulana kwa anthu ndi wina ndi mnzake.

Mbawala zofiira kuthengo zimatha zaka 20. Mu malo osungira nyama, kukhala ndi moyo kumatha kufika zaka 30. M'dziko lathu, mitunduyi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Amatetezedwa ndi anthu. Anthu ena amabzala ngongole zogulira nyumba.

M'mayiko ena, ngwazi zamtunduwu zimawonedwa ngati tizirombo. Amawononga alimi. Odyera amadya mbewu. Chifukwa chake, kusaka nyama izi kumayiko a North ndi South America ndikuloledwa. Komabe, njirayi iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi boma.

Masiku ano, ngwazi zamtunduwu ndizofunika pantchito yokopa alendo. Mankhwala, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amapangidwa kuchokera ku magazi ndi nyanga za nyama. Nyama ya nyama iyi ili ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa.

Mutaganizira mawonekedwe, malo komanso chikhalidwe cha nyama yokhala ngati agwape ofiira, mutha kukulitsa chidziwitso chanu chokhudza nthumwi yabwinoyi ya nyama zamtchire.

Opikulitsa

Mbawala zangati zofiira zimakula

Ma antlers (nyanga zosagwiritsidwa ntchito) ndiwofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala. Ulimi wa Antler reindeer udadzuka zaka zambiri zapitazo ndipo udafalikira ku Altai. Zovala zomwe zimapangidwira zolinga izi zimasungidwa mu zolembera zapadera, ma antlered amadulidwa kuchokera kuminyama yamoyo.

Madzi akumwa omwe amachokera ku antlers amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pharmacology monga mankhwala ophatikizira a tonic komanso adaptogenic. Ku USSR, deer antler extract adalembetsa pansi pa chizindikiro cha Pantokrin mu 1970. Mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo la zovuta mankhwala asthenia (ntchito yayitali), neurasthenia ndi ochepa hypotension.

Chombo

Mwa oyimilira amtunduwu, mimba imatenga miyezi 9 (masiku 240-260). M'mwezi wa Meyi kapena wa June, mwana amabadwa. Akazi amodzi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chovala chimodzi. Kukhala ndi pakati kawiri ndikosowa kwambiri.

Tambala amapangidwa mokwanira. Amalemera makilogalamu 15-16 pobadwa. Ziboda zawo zidakali zofewa. Mayi ndi mwana wake amakhala mosiyana mwana akabadwa kwa milungu ingapo. Yaikazi imateteza, kudyetsa ana ake kwa chaka chimodzi. Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali polera ana.

Patatha masiku atatu atabadwa, agwape amakhala m'malo obisika. Sanasunthike panthawiyi. Mwanayo amakonda kubisala mu udzu wakuda. Amangoyenda kuti adyetse yekha. Patatha sabata limodzi, mwana amaphunzira kuyenda. Akuyesa kutsatira amayi ake. Pazaka 2 zokha, ana atha kudumpha kale, mwachangu.

Chithunzi

Deer - nyamayi ya artiodactyl, banja la agwape (agwape). Pali mitundu 51 yokha. M'mbuyomu, makolo a Asilavo amatcha chirombo mwanjira ina - "spruce", chifukwa chake dzinalo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi tabloid.

Kukula kwa nyama ndizosiyana; zimatengera mitundu. Tingoyerekeza kuti mphalapala imatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka, ngakhale kukula kocheperako ndi masentimita 80 basi, peritheum imafikira mpaka mamita awiri, ndipo unyinjiwo umafika kilogalamu mazana awiri. Khungu laling'ono limagwirizana kwathunthu ndi dzinalo - kutalika kwa ngwazi sikupita mita, ndipo misa - kuposa) ndi ma kilogalamu 50 okha.

Mtundu wamaso agwape ndi mandimu, kuchokera kwa iwo mumakhala masamba akulira. Akalulu ena ali ndi chozizwitsa) ngati miyendo yopyapyala komanso yokongola, ena amakhala okhutira ndi ayifupi. Ndipo m'mitundu yonse, amakhala olimba ndi minofu yolimba yamiyendo. Zilibe kanthu kuti munene kuti miyendo imathandiza ngwazi kukhalabe ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake amathawa zoopsa msanga - liwiro limatha kufikira makilomita oposa 50 maora. Mitundu yambiri imavala ubweya --wosakhwima mtima pakakhala mphindi yotentha pachaka pabwalo, ndi wandiweyani nthawi yozizira. Utoto umasiyanasiyana m'malo omwe chilombocho chimakhala - chimatha kukhala ndi zofiirira zakuda, zofiira zagolide kapena imvi.

Malinga ndi mano a nyamayi, katswiri wodziwa zinthu, popanda kuyesetsa mwapadera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chokhacho, amatha kudziwa kuti chilombochi ndi chakale bwanji poyang'ana momwe ma mbewa amavalira ndikusokedwa.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa agwape ndi elk

Mphalapala ndi abale amtundu wa agwape, ali ndi zofanana, koma anzawo amasiyana motere:

1. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kalembedwe ka nyanga. Mphalapala zimakula mosiyana ndi malo komanso nthambi ndi masamba ochepa. Nyanga za Reindeer zimawonekera kumwamba.
2. Elk ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri, yayikulu kuposa agwape. Phala la mphalapala limafika pa kilogalamu 650, ndipo cholembera pakati pa agwape chimalemera ma kilogalamu 350 okha.
3. Mutha kusiyanitsa ndi miyendo - mbandakucha uli ndi miyendo yofupikirapo komanso yopyapyala.
4. Ndipo pamapeto pake, mphalapakati - osafunitsitsa kukhala m'gululo. Tsatirani miyoyo ya zosowa padera. Nyerere. pamodzi kapena khalani awiriawiri - wamphongo ndi wamkazi.

Kodi nthanda ndi mphonda zimasiyana?

1. Khwangwala amakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha nyanga zake, zomwe zimakonda kubzala.
2. Zakudya za nyama izi ndizofanana, komabe nguluwe zimatha popanda makungwa a mitengo. Khwangwala amamuyang'anitsitsa mosangalala.
3. Ana amadyetsedwa ndendende mosiyanasiyana: nguluwe zimagona pakudya, ng'ombe zazikwanira.

Kodi ndikuyembekezera chiyani?

Pansi pazachilengedwe, mitundu yambiri ya agalu imakhala. Pali ena a iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi chachikulu.

Wokondedwa wotchuka
Wokongola kwambiri pabanjali, ndiovuta mogwirizana, nyumba yaying'ono. Mutha kusiyanitsa ndi malo owala pafupi ndi mchira, mawonekedwe amtunduwu. Panyanga pali nthambi zambiri, makamaka pamalangizo. Pazonse pali ma subspecies 15 omwe ali osiyanasiyana. Tengani, debu yaying'ono ya Bukhara ili ndi ma kilogalamu zana limodzi ndi masentimita 190 kutalika; subspecies yatsopano, maral, imalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 300, ingokhala ma sentimita 160 okha.

Habitat for baer deer red: Maiko aku Europe, Scandinavia, China, North Africa, (wobiriwira, onse ma kontrakitala aku America.

Reindeer
Kusankhidwa kwina ndi caribou. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Eurasia, ku tundra. Mtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu si wamphongo, komanso wachikazi. Amayeretsa chipale chofewa ndi kupeza chakudya ndi kulumanso. Mtunduwu ndi wokhawo womwe umadya nyama, kapena m'malo mwake, timiyala tating'ono tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala kumeneko. Thupi limakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi mamita awiri, unyinji uli mkati mwa 200 kilogalamu.

Khwangwala wamadzi
Mbiri yake ndiyakuti savala nyanga. M'banja lalikulu, laling'ono kwambiri - kutalika kwake sikutali mita imodzi, kulemera kilogalamu 9-14. Amakhala munkhalango za China ndi Korea. Amasambira kwambiri, amatha kusambira makilomita ambiri.

White Muzzle Doe
Ili nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha nkhope yolocha ndi mutu. Kutalika kwa m'mimba ndi mita 2.3, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 200. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe enieni m'mapiri a Tibet, komanso ku China.

Woyera-woukira musk deer
Amatchulidwanso kuti Virginian deer, malo ndi North America dziko (USA ndi kumwera kwa Canada). Fikirani mita imodzi kutalika ndikulemera pafupifupi 150 kilogalamu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mchira woyera.

Nguluwe za nkhumba
Ili ndi dzina loseketsa chifukwa limafanana ndi nkhumba. Imakhala ndi mchira wokongola wosalala. Akazi amasiyanasiyana amuna nthawi zambiri mumtundu wowala.

Amakhala m'zipululu za Pakistan, Burma ndi mayiko ena aku South Asia. Oimira amtunduwu adabweretsa ku Canada, United States of America ndi mayiko a Australia. Amakhala mosiyana, ng'ombe sizimapangidwa kawirikawiri. Amakhala ndi moyo wausiku, nthawi yamasana amapuma mumthunzi wamtchire.

Ngwazi zokhazikika
Tikayang'ana ndi dzina, limavala kachikhulupiriro kamene kakukula kuchokera kutsogolo. Wosonkhanitsa pano ndi waufupi kwambiri ndipo kwenikweni siwofatsa. Malo okhala amakhala kumwera komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dera la Asia.

Southand Manchurian Red deer
Wokhala m'mapiri ataliatali, miyendo yayifupi, ngati kuti ili ndi makina opangidwira poyenda mapiri. Midzi ku Andes ku Argentina. Moyo - zolakalaka, pokhapokha pakukula komwe amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Tsitsi lokongola
Thupi ndi lalitali, pafupifupi masentimita 180, ulamuliro wama kilogalamu 75 mpaka 130. Kutalika kwa nyamayo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 110. Nyama ndi zoweta, zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 15-25. Kugawidwa kumapeto ndi kumapiri a Soviet Union wakale. Madzi m'chigawo cha Kumpoto Kakutali, mapiri a Caucasus ndi madera amsewu wapakati.

Ulemu wabwino kwambiri
Nyama iyi imatha kudziwika kuti ndi kholo lalikulu kwambiri, ngakhale izi sizimayenderana ndi zochitika zonse. Ndi za moose. Zoyesa zokhwima zimafikira m'mamita awiri komanso 30 cm mulitali. Kulemera kochititsa chidwi kwambiri kudalembedwa pa 655 kilogalamu. Thupi limawoneka lalifupi - mkati mwa mamita atatu okha. Koma nsapato zapamwamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi ziboda zazikulu, ndizitali. Nkhope ya elk imakulitsidwa kwambiri, milomo ndi yayikulu. Chovala cha amuna ndi akazi ndi bulauni. Wosonkhanitsa tsopano wapindika pang'ono, ndichifukwa chake nyamayi imadziwika kuti "Wodzikuza".

Moose amakhala kuno m'maiko ambiri a kumpoto kwa America, malo ndi ochulukirapo - kuchokera ku tundra mpaka ku steppes kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi North America.

Mitengo yonse ya nkhanu imasankha kukhala ndi moyo, kapena ikhale yathanzi, yopanda nkhalango zachilengedwe za oak. Koma zakudya zimafunidwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena m'mphepete mwa ulusi wapakati. Elk samasamala mu chakudya, amadya zitsamba, amatenga zipatso, amadya nyama ya goof, akuwombera mitengo.

Chule zazing'ono kwambiri
Wamtundu wocheperako (mwa matamizidwe) woimira mtundu wa agwape ndi musk deer pudu. Pali mitundu iwiri - kumpoto ndi theka tsiku. Thupi limakhala lalifupi kwambiri - masentimita 90 okha, kukwera sikupita masentimita 40, unyinji uli pafupifupi kilogalamu khumi, nyanga zake ndizifupi - zosaposa masentimita 10. Kuvala nsalu ya bulauni. Zokhala m'dziko la South America, zakudya zamasamba - zimadya masamba ochokera kumitengo ndi kutafuna nthambi. Amakonda moyo wosiyana, nthawi zina amakhala awiriawiri.

Zosangalatsa

Kozulya sanavale zovala zokongola, zodzadza ndi moyo pamoyo wake wonse. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kukongola koteroko kumakula pazaka zisanu, ndipo kuchokera pa 12 kuthawa kwa lipenga kumakhala kofooka, ndipo korona amakhala wocheperako. Munjira yachilengedwe, nyamazo zimaponyera nyanga zake mchaka kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka tsiku lachiweruzo la Epulo, ndipo nyanga zazing'ono zimakhala zolimba kwa miyezi itatu.

Poyamba, ngwazi zimatuluka Padziko lapansi miliyoni 33 zikubwerera, zidachitika pomwe Asia ili. Pambuyo pazaka 10 miliyoni, nyamazo zinayamba kuyenda, ndipo zinayenda lero ku Europe, kuyambira pano mpaka zinadutsa mlatho womwe udalipo pakati pa ma kontrakitala kupita ku kontinenti ya North America. Ku South America, nyama zidawoneka mochedwa - 2 miliyoni zapitazo.

Osachepera adani akuluakulu a aguluguwa kuyambira pa nyama yanyama, wamkulu mpaka pano ndi munthu. Kukonda kulamula kunali kofala kwambiri, ndipo gawo lalikulu la nyama linawonongedwa.

Munthu amatsutsana kwambiri ndi chilombo chokongola ichi: kumbali imodzi, ziyembekezo zomwe zili pangozi sizatetezedwa ndikulembedwa mu Red Book. Kumbali inayo, m'malo ena mbawala imalembedwa ngati mtundu wowopsa, chifukwa m'madera ambiri mbawala zimakonda kudya mitundu ya zomera, ndikuziwononga.

Aspid-style non-ossified realer collector (antlers) ndi otchuka kwambiri komanso amtengo wapatali, chifukwa ali ndi katundu wochiritsa wamphamvu. Amapanga zakumwa zamadzi ndi mowa ndikupanga mankhwala okonzekera mankhwalawa komanso matenda amanjenje. Ndipo nyanga zofunikira kwambiri zimathandizira kupanga ma immunostimulants.

Pakakhala nyengo ya kusadyetsa, agulu amodzi amathandizira izi modabwitsa - mdierekezi amachepetsa kayendedwe ka metabolic ndikuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima wa nyama. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupulumutsa mphamvu zofunikira.

Khola laimuna, lomwe limakhala lodziwika kwambiri mu gulu latsamba, longa, laling'ono kwambiri la akazi, chiwerengero chawo nthawi zina chimafika makumi awiri. Wodutsa mozungulira kuwolotsa ana ndikuyendera aliyense, olechka amatha kukhala wopanda chakudya masiku angapo.

Mbawala zofiira

Woimira wokongola kwambiri wabanja la agwape, ali ndi thupi lochepera, lowonjezera. Pansi pa mchira wa deyala yofiira pali malo oyera. Nyanga za mtundu wamtunduwu zamphaka zimadziwika ndi nthambi zokhala ndi nthambi. Khwangwala wofiirayo, amagawidwa m'magulu angapo, kukula kwake kumadalira mtundu wina, mwachitsanzo, bulu wocheperako wa Bukhara amalemera pafupifupi 100 kg ndipo amakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 170-190. Ili ndi kutalika kwa 1.6 metres ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 300 kg. Khwangwala wofiira amakhala m'malo ambiri; amatha kupezeka m'maiko ambiri ku Europe, China, North Africa, North ndi South America ndi Australia.

Reindeer

Amadziwikanso kuti caribou. Mbawala iyi, yomwe imakhala kumadera akumpoto, ku tundra, imasiyanitsidwa ndikuti amuna ndi akazi ali ndi nyanga. Ndipo izi siziri choncho, chidziwitso ndichakuti akadzi opanga amafunikira nyanga kuti azigwira ntchito, mothandizidwa ndi iwo amatha kuyeretsa chipale chofewa pamodzi ndi amphongo kuti afike pachakudya chake, moss, lichens. Kupatula izi, mbewa zimangokhala zokha pakati pa agwape omwe amadya, kuphatikizapo nyama, yomwe ndi mandala ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi michere okhala m'malo omwewo. Kutalika kwa thupi la reindeer ndi mita 1.9-2.1, kulemera - 190 kg.

Khwangwala wamadzi

Amadziwikanso kuti ngwazi yokhala wopanda nyanga. Uyu ndi m'modzi mwa oimira ochepa kwambiri pabanja lanyumba, kutalika kwake ndi 75-100 cm, ndipo kulemera - 9-15 kg. Wogulitsa madzi amakhala m'nkhalango za ku China komanso Peninsula ya Korea. Ndiwosambira kwambiri, amatha kusambira makilomita angapo, kusuntha pakati pa mitsinje yosiyanasiyana.

Chogwirizira cha david

Amadziwikanso kuti Milu deer, ndi mtundu wachilendo kwambiri womwe unatsala pang'ono kuzimiriratu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 zapitazi. Tsopano akuyesera kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwawo m'malo osungirako achi China, komwe adakhalako kale. Ili lidatchedwa wansembe wa ku France komanso Arman David wa chilengedwe, yemwe anali woyamba kufotokozera zamtunduwu wa agwape. Imakhala ndi milingo yapakatikati, kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 140 cm, ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 150-200. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mbawala za David ndikusintha kwa nyanga zake pafupipafupi, zomwe zimachitika kawiri pachaka. Amakhalanso ndi mutu wotalikirapo, womwe ndi wofanana ndi agwape ena.

Choyera Choyera

Zamoyo zamtunduwu zadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mitundu yoyera ya khosi komanso kutsogolo kwa mutu. Nyanga za nambalayi nazonso ndi zoyera. Kutalika kwa ngwazi yokhala ndi nkhope yoyera ndi 230 cm ndipo akulemera 200 kg. Amkhalawa amakhala kumapiri a mapiri a Tibet ndi ena aku China.

Ngwazi zokhazikika

Ali ndi chibowo chakuda chakuda kumutu, chifukwa chake dzina lake. Chinanso chomwe chimasiyanitsanso chimbalangondo ichi ndi nyanga zake zazifupi komanso zopanda nthambi. Izi zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango za South ndi Southeast Asia.

Tsitsi loyera

Amadziwikanso kuti Virginian deer, popeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa agwapewa amakhala ku US ku Virginia (ngakhale ku Virginia, imakhalanso kumayiko ena a USA komanso ku Canada). Dzinali linali chifukwa cha mtundu woyera wa mchira. Kutalika kwa thumba loyera-loyera ndi mpaka mita imodzi ndi kulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 150.

Khola la nkhumba

Ng'ombezi idalandira dzina lachilendo kwambiri chifukwa cha kayendedwe kabwino kake, kokumbukira momwe nkhumba imayendera. Thumba lankhondo ndimwini wa mchira wa fluffy. Amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kuposa wachikazi. Midzi ku Pakistan, India, Thailand ndi maiko ena aku Southeast Asia.

Sika mbawala

Mbidzi yaikazi ili ndi malo oyera oyera pamakutu ake ofiira, omwe adawatcha dzina. Khwangwala wamtunduwu ndi wapakatikati kukula, kutalika kwake ndi 1.6-1.8 metres, ndi kulemera kwa 95-112 kg. Zinyama zamtunduwu zimakhala ku Far East, dera la pakati la Russian Federation ndi Caucasus. Pakadali pano, pankhani yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Kuswana kwadyera

Deer amakhala ndi mitala yambiri yaimuna, gulu la nyama zotere limatsogozedwa ndi yamphongo yolimba yomwe imakwatirana ndi akazi angapo. Wamphongo wamphongo yemweyo amateteza azimayi ake kuti asasokonezedwe ndi amuna ena apikisano. Pomenyera nkhondo zazikazi, anyani amphongo amalimbana kwambiri ndi nkhondo, akumana ndi nyanga zawo.

Deer atakula msanga, pofika zaka ziwiri, agulu achikazi amatha kubereka ana. Amuna amakhala okhwima pakapita zaka 2-3. Ngwazi zam'mimba, kutengera mtunduwu, zimatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi umodzi. Nthawi ikafika yoti iberekane, wamkazi amafufuza malo abwino komanso abata chifukwa chaichi. Nthawi zambiri mwana m'modzi yekhayo amabadwa nthawi, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mapasa. Kankhidwe kakang'ono kamakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka, womwe umawagwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yobisira adani.

Pakangobadwa kumene, mbawala yaying'ono imatha kuima pamiyendo, ndipo pakatha mwezi wina kuyamwitsa, imatha kutsina udzu, ngakhale imapitilizabe kudya mkaka wa amayi pachaka choyamba cha moyo wawo.

Pakatha chaka chimodzi, ma tubercles oyamba amayamba kuwonekera anyamata achimuna - agalu okongola amtsogolo.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mbawala

• Nyanga zamapazi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochiritsa pochiza matenda oopsa komanso matenda amanjenje. Zomwe, zaachidziwikire, sizikhala m'manja mwamawunguwo, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yomwe yatchulidwa kale mu Buku Lofiyira, popeza ili pafupi kutha.
• Anthu ambiri komanso munthawi zosiyanasiyana agalu ankawoneka kuti ndi nyama yopatulika, mwachitsanzo, Amwenye a Chimayan nthawi zina amadzitcha "anthu okonda", ndipo agwape ankadziwika kuti ndi kholo lalikulu la fuko. Ku ma Celts akale, agwape ankawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha Dzuwa, chonde, mphamvu, ndikupanga munthu wina ndi mulungu Cernun, yemwe ma Celts adamufanizira ndi nyanga za agwape.
• Nthawi zambiri chithunzi cha mbawala chimatha kupezeka mu mbiri yakale, pomwe mbewa zimayimira chisomo komanso kusamala.

Ma Deers - oyendayenda akumpoto, kanema

Ndipo, pamapeto pake, ndi nkhani yosangalatsa yokhudza kupundula.

Polemba nkhani, ndinayesetsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa, yothandiza komanso yapamwamba kwambiri momwe ndingathere. Ndingayamikire kwambiri chifukwa cha ndemanga iliyonse komanso kutsutsa kopindulitsa mwa ndemanga pankhaniyi. Mutha kulembanso zomwe mukufuna / funso / lingaliro ku makalata anga [email protected] kapena Facebook, mwaulemu.

Nkhaniyi ikupezeka mu Chingerezi - Deer.