Kharacins nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nsomba a banja la Kharakasov, ngakhale sizowona, popeza Kharazinki ndi gawo limodzi lokhala ndi anthu ochepa pamadzi.

Harazinobraznye akuphatikiza nthumwi zochuluka kwambiri za oimira nsomba zamadzi oyera kuchokera ochepa kwambiri (pafupifupi 2 cm) mpaka yayikulu, mpaka kutalika kwa 1 mita.

Ngakhale kuti ena mwa anthu okhala pansi pamadzi ndi nyama zolusa, nsomba zambiri zimakhala m'gulu lamtendere. Malinga ndi morphology yawo ndi zachilengedwe niche, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu ya carp.

Kwawo kwa Kharakasovs ndi South ndi Central America, koma mitundu ina imakhalanso ku North America ndi Africa.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwaz nsomba zakale kwambiri papulaneti lathuli, mitundu yawo yazinthu zakale ndi ya nthawi ya Jurassic.

Ma Harakasov onse amakhala ndi thupi lozungulira, lathyathyathya kuchokera kumbali, mutu wawung'ono, komanso maula ang'ono ang'ono. Mtundu wa nsomba, kutengera mitundu ya nsomba, umatha kusiyanasiyana. Mu aquarium, mitundu yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka bwino ndiyofala.

Zithunzi zojambula za nsomba za Characin:

Nsomba zonse za dongosolo la Kharatsiniformes zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa ndalama zowonjezera, zomwe zimatchedwa mafuta. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso yaying'ono, ngakhale mu nsomba zina zimakhala zazikulu.

Ndiwopanda pake ndipo m'mbali mwake ndimtundu wachikopa womwe umakhala kuseri kwa dorsal fin. Amakhala ndi minyewa ya adipose yokha, ilibe ma ray.

Asayansi sanapeze mgwirizano pa adipose fin. Malinga ndi malingaliro ena, imagwira ntchito ngati chakudya china, kwa ena, cholinga chake ndi kukopa anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo nthawi yamatenga.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists aku Canada akutsimikizira kuti ndalama za adipose zimathandizanso kwambiri momwe nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi hydrodynamic. Izi ndichifukwa choti chipwirikiti chamadzi kumbuyo kwa manambala amachepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, pa wen pamakhala zochulukira, zolowetsedwa ndi mathero amtsempha ndi zotengera, ma integerals. Amalola wokhala m'madzi kuti azitha kumva kuyenda kwa mtsinjewo ndikusankha njira yoyenera ndi njira yoyenera.

Kubzala mu Characiniformes ambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi nyengo yamvula. Malo osungira nsomba amakono amakhala ndi njira zofanizira nthawi imeneyi chifukwa chake nsomba izi zimasamba mosavuta muukapolo.

A Tail akutsimikizira: mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu

Russian ichthyologists amasiyanitsa mabanja khumi ndi awiri okhala mu banja la Kharatsin, momwe muli mitundu ya 165 ndi nsomba 992-1231, monga Agoniatinae, Aphyocharacinae, Bryconinae, Characinae, Cheirodontinae, Clupeacharacinae, Glandulocaudinae, Iguanodectieinaeina, Rh. Koma akunenedwa kuti gawoli silinafotokozeredwe mwapadera, pali zosankha zina.

Kuchokera pakuwona kwa asayansi akunja, banja la Kharatsin lero lasintha kwambiri. Kukonzanso kwamtsogolo kunapangitsa mamembala ake akale kukhala m'magulu awo koma mabanja osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, nsomba zolembera za mtundu wa Nannostomus, zomwe tsopano zasamukira ku Lebiasinidae, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtundu wa Hoplias ndi Hoplerythrinus, yomwe tsopano yasamutsidwa ku Erythrinidae, nsomba zowononga za mtundu wa Hydrolycus zimasamutsidwa ku Cynodontidae. Omwe kale anali a Alestiinae subfamily adaleredwa pamlingo wa banja (Alestiidae), ndipo mabanja a Crenuchinae ndi a Characidiinae adasamutsidwira ku Crenuchidae.

Nsomba zina za banja la a Characin, omwe m'mbuyomu adasankhidwa kukhala mamembala a Characidae, adasamutsidwa kuti adzipatula mabanja pazokambirana zomaliza za taxonomic (pambuyo pa 1994), kuphatikizapo Acestrorhynchidae, Anostomidae, Chilodontidae, Citharinidae, Ctenoluciidae, Curimatidaidae, Distichodontidaee, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae Parodontidae, Serrasalmidae ndi Triporthidae.

Makamaka ma piranhas nawonso sakhala a Kharatsinov, koma a banja la Serrasalmidae. Ngakhale zosinthazi sizinazindikiridwe padziko lonse lapansi ndipo sizinasankhidwebe kuti zigawike nsomba ndi zida za Weber monga momwe nsomba ya Kharatsin, nthawi zambiri, imakhudzidwira, imayembekezera kwambiri banja la msonkho.

Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano kuthekera kwakukulu mu Kharatsinovs pali mabanja atatu okha:

• Tsamba la Spintherobolus limaphatikizira mitundu iwiri - Amazonspinther ndi Spintherobolus.
• Stevardiinae - mitundu 6, kuphatikiza Rhoadsiin, Stygichthyini, Hemigrammus ndi ena.
• Stevardiinae - genera 11, kuphatikiza Tetragonopterus, Acanthocharax ndi ena.

Nkhaniyi imangoyimira ena mwa oimira ena osasangalatsa komanso achilendo a banja la Harakasov, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri pantchito zaulimi.

Banja la Kharkasov, makamaka, limaphatikizapo mitundu yotsatirayi.

Matepi a Astanaks

Ichi ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu chamadzi chatsopano chamtundu wa siliva wanzeru. Amuna amakula kuposa zazikazi ndipo amafika kutalika kwa 17 cm. Amakhala m'magulu akulu (kufikira anthu 50) ku South, Central ndi North America, okhala mitsinje yamadzi opanda mitsinje ndi mitsinje yopanda mphamvu kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Argentina.

Amadyetsa nsomba zochepa komanso zotsalira za zolengedwa zakufa. Gulu la ziweto limatha kupatsa mwayi wolimbana ndi mdani wamkulu. Amakhala ndi mano akuthwa owongoka, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amatha kung'amba zidutswa za thupi la omwe akumenyedwayo.

Mapaamu a dorsal amakhala ndi ma ray ozizira ndi ma spines, pali spikes lakuthwa ndipo pa anal, mchira umakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Mafuta omaliza nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira.

Ngakhale mtundu wofiyira womwe umapezeka m'mizinda yam'madzi yam'madzi, kuwona momwe anthu omwe ali pamapaketi ndizosangalatsa.

Nsombayo idatchedwa dzina la ngwazi yopanda nzeru yachi Greek.

Oligoarkus

Ndiwotsogozeratu dongosolo la ma Characinoids, omwe amakula kuposa 30 cm ndipo amatulutsa mitsinje yambiri, mitsinje ndi madambo am'mphepete mwa Rio Grande De Sul (Brazil), Uruguay ndi Argentina. Imadziwikanso m'madziwe ngati nsomba za malonda ogulitsa.

Mtundu wa nsomba si wowala, siliva, ulusi wamtali ndi wautali, wopepuka.

Tumra wakhungu

Stygichthys typhlops kapena nsomba yakhungu yaku Brazil ndi mtundu wakuphika wokhala m'mapanga a pansi pa nthaka a Minas Gerais (Brazil).

Nsomba zimabadwa ndi maso, koma ndi kukula kwa munthu zimakopeka ndi kanemayo, popeza zigawo zimakhala mumdima wathunthu.

Amakula mpaka 4-5 cm, khungu ndi masikelo alibe pigmentation.

Ngakhale mtundu wamtunduwu wa nsomba, nthawi zambiri umasungidwa m'madzi chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawoku ndi chikhalidwe chake, ngakhale nyamazo zimadziwika kuti zatha chifukwa chouma kwa akasupe amadzi am'madzi.

Cyanogaster noctivaga

Mtundu watsopano wodabwitsa komanso mitundu ya nsomba zazing'ono kuchokera ku Rio Negro, beseni la Amazon (Ostariophysi, Characidae).

Kupeza kufufuzidwa kwa sayansi pa yunivesite ya ku São Paulo ya ku Brazil mu 2011, kofotokozedwa pang'ono mu 2013.

Dzinalo limamasulira kuti "oyendayenda usiku."

Kukula kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhazikitsidwa pa 17.4 mm.

Nsomba zimatsogola ndipo sizovuta kuzizindikira. Idapezeka koyamba m'madzi abwinobwino ofanana ndi nsomba zocheperako padziko lapansi, Paedocypris progenetica (Indonesia ndi endemic, 7-10 mm kutalika), yemwe amakhala mwamtendere ndi m'mitsinje yamadzi akuda. Cyanogaster noctivaga

Nsomba yaying'ono imakhala ndi mikondo isanu ndi itatu mu dorsal fin, mano anayi amkati a submandibular.

Kupatula kwa munthu wokhala m'madzi kumeneyu ndikumazindikira kuti imangokhala ndi ma ray asanu mum'mimba ndipo imangokhala ndi dzino limodzi lakunja, lopanda maxillary.

Kuphatikiza apo, chingwe chachitali chamtunduwu chimang'ambika, thupi limakhala lachiwonekere, ndipo m'mimba mumimba mumakhala mopepuka, zofunda za gill zimakhala zofiira.

Kwa amuna akuluakulu, makulidwe am'mimba ndi ziphuphu za m'mimba zimakhala ndi ziboda.

Nsombazi ndizosangalatsa kuyambira pakuwona nsomba zamadzi am'madzi, kufotokozeredwa kwatsatanetsatane ndi uthenga wokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa kuswana kwa malonda kukuyembekezeka.

Mitundu ina

Izi subfamily zimaphatikizaponso achifumu, achifumu, utawaleza, ruby, wamutu-wowwala, wowunikira, wagolide, wofiira-tai, wachikasu, diamondi, wakuda-neon, phantom, mbendera, zabodza, x-ray (translucent) zopindika zazingwe zambiri zomwe zimafotokozedwa m'mabuku apadera ndi zolemba zamtundu wa Amateur. , Costello tetra, Magazi a mtima wamagazi, Swordsman tetra (nsomba ya chinjoka), Kopella Arnolda (kudumpha tetra), komanso buluu ndi enons ena.

Zoyambira Aquarium

Pafupifupi nsomba zonse za Characin zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi amakono ndi anthu okhala mwamtendere omwe ali ndi magawo ofanana am'madzi.

M'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndibwino kungodzaza gulu la anthu osachepera 8-10. Koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala mosiyanasiyana - magulu ena amasambira limodzi nthawi zonse, ena amasonkhana pagulu pokhapokha pamavuto.

M'mikhalidwe yovuta, a Characin amawoneka osapindulitsa, khalani ndi imvi yosalala. Koma potonthoza komanso ndi chakudya chathunthu, mtundu wa nsomba izi umakhala wowala komanso wowonekera bwino.

Anthu okhala pansi pamadzi safunikira kuunikira kowala, chifukwa zachilengedwe amakhala m'mamawa. Kuwala kowala kwambiri kumapangitsa khungu Kharatsinok ndikumukwiyitsa kudumpha kwawo kuchoka mu thanki. Chifukwa chake, chivundikiro pa aquarium chikufunika.

Kuti abwererenso mtundu wakale wa anthu wamba okhala m'madzi otentha aku South America mu dziwe lochita kupanga, malo okumbika am'madzi oyambira kumbuyo ndi mapulani apakati aperekedwe, kutsogolo kwa thankiyo kuyenera kusiyidwa kwaulere kuti kusuntha nkhosa. Pansi pali dothi lakuda, thundu, birch, masamba owuma a amondi, mitengo ya phulusa. Adzakupatsani kufewa kowonjezereka ndi mtundu wakuda, njirazi, kuphatikiza, zikuthandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha nsomba.

Kharatsinovy ​​monga madzi oyera oyenda ndi madzi ofooka, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupereka ndalama ndi kusefera. Kamodzi pa sabata ziyenera kusinthidwa mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi.

Ulamuliro wa kutentha, kutengera mitundu ya Kharatsinok, amasankhidwa mkati mwa + 23 ... + 30 ° С.

Kugwirizana

Palibe zovuta kusankha oyandikana nawo amtundu wa nsomba za Kharacin. Amakhala bwino ndi mitundu yotsatirayi ya okhala m'madzi:

• zebrafish
• mitengo yaying'ono yapakatikati,
• mollies
• malupanga
• guppies
• Pecilia
• scalars
• apistograms
• nkhono
• shrimp.

Mosamala, ndikofunikira kutengera mitundu ya nsomba za Harakasov zokhala ndi maula ophimbidwa, nyama izi zimatha kutsina.

Simuyenera kuphatikiza Kharatsinok ndi zilombo zolusa - ma cichlids, ma piranhas, mitembo ya Koi.

Kudyetsa

Pafupifupi nsomba zonse za Harakas ndizosangalatsa; m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe, chakudya chawo chimakhala chotere, chosakoka, tating'ono tating'ono, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri.

M'malo a aquarium, ziweto izi zimakondwera kudya chakudya chilichonse - chokhala, chisanu, chouma komanso masamba.

Kwa nsomba zomwe mitundu yake imayang'aniridwa ndi ofiira, onetsetsani kuti akuphatikiza magazi, ma tubuloid, artemia nauplia, carotenoids muzakudya. Kenako mitundu yawo idzakhala yowala nthawi zonse.

Mitundu yosowa kwambiri yamtundu wa ziweto za Characin imadyetsedwa kokha mwachangu.

Kuswana

Panthawi yachilengedwe, kuphukira kumayambira mu nsomba za Characin munthawi yamvula; kuti kubereka bwino pakubowoleza, kumatsatiridwa ndikusintha kwamadzi kawirikawiri pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osungidwa (izi zimapangitsa kufalikira kwa chilengedwe).

Pansi pa thanki ina yapadera mumakhala lodzala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba ang'ono komanso ophimbidwa ndi gululi. Poterepa, makolo sangadye mazira omwe agwera pamtunda.

Fry ikayamba kusambira, imapatsidwa chakudya choyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito ma ciliates omwe amalimidwa kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, kuswana kwa nsomba za Characin sikovuta.

Kupatula kwake mwina ndi Neons. Kuti muthe kuwaza bwino, ndikofunikira kuti mupange zinthu zina zapadera. Madzi ayenera kusinthidwa osati kokha ndi otetsedwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito peat ndi acidity yayikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuthandizira kwa okosijeni. Kutentha kwapakatikati kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mpaka + 30 ... + 31 ° C.

Nsomba zitamera, makolowo amachotsedwa pamalo owala, thankiyo idachita khungu. Ndikofunika kuti ndikuphimba ndi nsalu yakuda, kusiya cholozera.

Pambuyo masiku 1-2, kubadwa kwa mphutsi kumayamba. Pakatha masiku angapo, mwachangu ayenera kusambira, nsalu yochokera pakuwombera imatha kuchotsedwa, koma kuyatsa kumayenera kumakhalabe kuzimiririka, kowonekera.

Unyinji wosakanizidwa wapadera umatsanuliridwa mu aquarium ngati chakudya choyamba, chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa ndendende pamalopo. Kuti ikhale malo odyetserako ana.

Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwunikire njira yodyetsera ndikuwongolera kupezeka kwa chakudya chamoyo. Mtambo wokopeka utatha, uyenera kusinthidwa. Malek Neon ayenera kudyetsedwa mosalekeza, izi zokha ndizomwe zimamuthandiza kukula.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, kale pa 4th-5th tsiku loyambirira kudyetsa, ana amakula bwino ndipo amatha kuyamwa ma feed akuluakulu - amatha kupatsidwa brine shrimp, patatha masiku 10 amatha kupatsidwa ma cyclops ndikuzolowera kuphwanya kosakhazikika komanso chakudya chochepa.

Matenda ndi Kuteteza

Maziko a Kharatsinok aumoyo wabwino - kuyang'anira mosamalitsa mikhalidwe yakumangidwa ndikusungidwa koyenera kwa malo am'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, ziweto za thermophilic izi zimayamba kudwala komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa matangi. Pankhaniyi, matenda otsatirawa amatha:

• Fin zowola. Zikuwoneka pakuwoneka maula komanso maonekedwe a chiwonongeko m'mphepete mwake. Nthawi zina ziphuphu zimakhudzidwanso. Kusamba kwa mchere wamankhwala, kusafa kwa dothi ndi zida, kuwonjezera kwa Bicillin-5 ndi kusintha kwa magawo a chilengedwe kungathandize.
• Ichthyosporidiosis. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ndikuphwanya magwirizano a kuyenda kwa ziweto, ndiye kuti pamakhala kusowa kwa chilimbikitso, kutuluka kwa maso, masikelo osakanikirana, mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba ndi necrosis. Izi matenda amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kufa kwa ziweto kuchokera kutopa ndi kufinya kwa ziwalo, chifukwa chake, kupulumutsa aquarium kumangochotsa matenda osachiritsika komanso opanda matendawa.
• Trichodinosis. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa thupi lomwe limakhudza thupi la ziweto. Mulingo umakutidwa ndi utoto loyera, nsomba zimayaka pansi, kuyesera kulowa pansi pa mtsinje wa aeration. Mankhwalawa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali ma buluu a methylene.

Oyimira otchuka a aquarium

Oimira a genus iliyonse (Alestes, Mikralest, Bricinus, Phenacogrammus, Arnoldichtis, Ladigesia ndi Lepidarchus) ali ofanana wina ndi mzake pazofunikira zomwezo pazikhalidwe zomwe akumangidwa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yam'madzi yamtunduwu:

• Ma tetras aku Africa,
• Mfuti ya haracin ndi Adonis haracin,
• Zosokoneza
• Tetras waku South America,
• Nannostomuses,
• Splashing tetras
• Belly-bellies
• Milozo Malorota
• Piranhas.

Onani ma characf ocheperako.

Ma Characin ndi nsomba zam'madzi zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono, pafupifupi, zimafikira kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita, ndipo izi zikugwira ukapolo. Mitundu yonse imasungidwa mosavuta kunyumba, ikasinthidwa mwachangu. Malo okhala ndi Aquarium ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi zachilengedwe, chifukwa chake matanki oyenera kumene kuli masamba okuta ndi malo omasuka oyenda. Popeza kuthengo zisa m'madzi othamanga ndi madzi oyera, zimazindikira kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi mankhwala.

Madzi owuma kapena owuma pang'ono amalimbikitsidwa; mu nsomba zotere amakhala okonzeka kubereka. Pakangotha ​​masabata awiri aliwonse, 20-30% yamadzi iyenera kukonzedwanso kuti ikhale yatsopano komanso yoyera. Madzi atsopano sayenera kukhala osiyana ndi magawo ake kuchokera ku aquarium.

Kuwala kumakhala kofewa komanso kuphatikizika, mu nazale ndibwino kuti muthe kupanga malo okhala ndi mthunzi pomwe kuwala kwa dzuwa sikulowa. Pamenepo, nsomba zimapuma ndi kupumula. Kuti muwone mtundu wokhazikika wa mtundu wawo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika nthaka yakuda pansi pa chidebe. Ndikofunika kuphimba pansi pamadzi kuti ziweto zisatuluke.

Amadya chakudya chowuma, chouma komanso chamoyo. Zoyenera kudya zimayenera kudyetsedwa nsomba zokha. Zina nsomba zimatha kudula zipsepse.

Onani oyimira a banja la haracin mu kampani yomwe ili ndi ma cichlids ocheperako

Kuswana

Mwachilengedwe, kuphuka kumayambira nthawi yomweyo ndi nyengo yamvula. Kubwezerani madzi pafupipafupi ndi madzi ofewa kumalimbikitsa nsomba kuti ziberekenso. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka. Mitundu ina imatha kubzala mwachindunji mu aquarium, koma pamenepa ana adzakhala ochepa.

Kuti muwonjezere mwayi wopulumuka chifukwa cha mwachangu, gwiritsani ntchito malo osiyana siyana a aquarium - spawning. Gawo lapansi lokhala pansi - mbewu zazing'ono zazing'ono, ndipo gululi lopatula limayikidwa pamwamba pawo, lomwe limalepheretsa makolo kudya caviar. Kutulutsa madzi kumakhala kofewa kwambiri - mpaka 3 ° dH.

Frying mwachangu amayamba kudyetsedwa atangoyamba kusambira kuzungulira m'madzi, ndipo ma ciliates omwe amalimidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya choyambira.

Neons

Neon samangokhala mtundu wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa characins, komanso amodzi mwa nsomba zotchuka kwambiri zam'madzi. Oyimira zamtunduwu ndiwachonde komanso wosavuta kuswana, motero mtengo wa nsomba zazing'onozi ndi wotsika.

Choyimira chowoneka bwino ichi chikuyanjana ndi abale. M'malo akuluakulu okhala ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu, ma neon amasunga gulu lokongola, ndipo mikwingwirima yowoneka bwino imakopa chidwi chake. Izi nsomba adatipatsa dzina ndendende chifukwa cha zikumbutso zokumbutsa za neon.

Tsoka ilo, nzeru za nsomba zazing'ono zimasiya kufunika. Zitsulo zimakhomedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana patokha, mwachitsanzo, zokhala ndi siponji kapena zojambula. Sangatuluke mumsampha ali okha ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa osadziwitsidwa.

Mwathunthu, pali mitundu inayi ya neon - yabuluu, yofiira, yobiriwira ndi yakuda. Kunja, ndi ofanana, koma, pakati pawo pali kusiyana kwakukulu, mpaka kutengera matenda osiyanasiyana.

Blue neon (Latin Paracheirodon innesi, Chingerezi Neon Tetra)

Yotsegulidwa mu 1936. Kamodzi m'mizinda yam'madzi, mumapanga zodzaza. Pofuna kupeza gulu la nsomba zabuluu, asitikali am'madzi anali okonzeka kupereka ndalama zambiri. Mtengo wamtundu woterewu udachitika chifukwa cha phindu la nsombazo - zimkakhulupirira kuti mu ukapolo, neon samaswana, ndipo anthu onse amachotsedwa m'chilengedwe chawo. Popita nthawi, zidapezeka kuti ngakhale nsomba imatha kukhala m'madzi ovuta, kuswana kumafuna yofewa kwambiri - mpaka 3 ° dH. Momwe kubereketsa kunangopangika, mtengo unagwa kwambiri, ndipo tsopano neon ya buluu imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zotsika mtengo.

Blue neon imawoneka motere:

• Kukula kwa nsomba ndi yaying'ono - mpaka 3 cm.
• Kumbuyo kwa neon ya buluu kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira wa azitona.
• Mzere wowoneka bwino wamtambo umayenda thupi lonse, kuyambira pamphepete pamaso ndikutha ndi mafuta.
• Mchira kuchokera kumbali yakumaso ya anal fin mpaka tsinde ndi wofiyira.

Red neon (lat.Paracheirodon axelrodi, English Cardinal Tetra)

Inatsegulidwa pang'ono, mu 1956. Kamodzi pa msika, sizinawonetseko kuposa m'bale wake wabuluu. Komabe, limasiyana ndi neon ya buluu mu mtundu wofiyira kwambiri, womwe umayamba kuchokera pamphepete chakumaso kwa diso ndikuyenda thupi lonse. Komanso, neon yofiira imasungunuka kuchokera kumbali, ndipo thupi lake limakhala lalikulu. Mukuswana, ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa ma neon ena.

Black Neon (Latin Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi, Chingerezi Black Neon Tetra)

Nsomba zokongola kwambiri, zowoneka bwino, zopanda ulemu, makamaka ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikuwunikira.

Monga ngati neon yonseyo, chingwe chowala chimadutsa thupi, koma mu neon yakuda ndi siliva. Pansi pake kuchokera kumbali yakumbali yakumbaliyo kuli utoto wakuda.

Erythrosonus (Latin Hemigrammus erythrosonus, English Glowlight Tetra)

Komanso zotchuka, zotheka za tetra zazing'ono zazing'ono - mpaka 4 cm.

Kumbuyo kwa erythrosonus ndi kotakata ndipo kupakidwa utoto wowonekera wachikasu, ndipo kuyambira pamphepete mwa diso mpaka kumunsi kwa tsinde la caudal pali chingwe chowala cha neon lalanje, ngati kuti chikuwala kuchokera mkati. Mizambo yoyambirira ya dorsal fin ndi yofiira.

Ternia (lat.Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Chingerezi. Wamasiye Wamkazi Tetra)

Nsomba zolimba kwambiri, zokonda mtendere, zomwe zimakonda kukula kwa ma calacin - mpaka 6 cm. Thupi lake ndi lalitali, lathyathyathya kuchokera kumbali, ndipo chifukwa cha kulimba kwake kwakanthawi kumawoneka kozungulira. Milozo za siliva zimanyezimira, zimapangitsa kuti nsomba izi zizioneka ngati ndalama. Gawo lowala bwino kwambiri ndi mchenga wakuda womwe umakhala ngati siketi. Mtundu wa nsomba ndi imvi. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kuli mikwingwirima yakuda.

Nsomba zosavuta kubereka zimakondedwa ndi obereketsa, ndipo minga ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yakuda, golide ndi albino. Anthu okhala ndi ziphuphu zazitali zophimba nawonso adadulidwa. Nsomba zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzikongoletsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala. Anthu oterewa ayenera kuthandizidwa mosamala - pakapita nthawi, utoto umatsukidwa, chitetezo chofooka chimakhala chochepa ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepa.

Chomwe chimasiyana kwambiri ndi kusinthidwa kwa majini a GlobalFish. Izi nsomba adazidula pogwiritsa ntchito genetic engineering, ndipo mtunduwo umabadwa ku mibadwomibadwo. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawalira mu kuwala kwa UV ndi nyali zowoneka bwino za buluu.

Minga ya GlobalFish ikupezeka mitundu:

Nsomba zosinthidwa ma genet zimapezekanso chimodzimodzi ndi minga wamba.

Ornatus

Nsomba zamtendere, zolimba komanso zotchuka zam'madzi. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ma characins.

Ponseponse, mitundu ingapo imadziwika: ornatus wamba, phantom wakuda, phantom wofiira, ornatus wofiyira, kapena rubostigma.

Mwazinthu, kuswana ndi kupsya mtima, ndizofanana.

1. Ornatus vulgaris (Latin Hyphessobrycon bentosi, English Ornate Tetra). Mtundu wachilengedwe wa tetra uyu ndi wa njerwa zofiirira wokhala ndi malangizo oyera oyera. Chifukwa cha kusankha, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapezeka - oyera-fin, pinki ndi ornatuses. M'makonzedwewo ali ofanana, popeza ali amtundu womwewo.
2. Phantom wakuda (Latin Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, English Black Phantom Tetra). Nsomba zokongola za imvi komanso zinsalu zakuda.
3. Red Phantom (Latin: Megalamphodus sweglesi, Chingerezi; Red Phantom Tetra). Mwa ornatuse onse, amadziwika kuti amawongolera kwambiri ndipo amakonda kukhala m'madzi ozizira. Monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, mithunzi yofiira imakhala yayikulu mu mtundu wake. Thupi limakhala lotuluka, ndipo zipsepse zimakhala ndi mtundu wa ruby ​​wolemera.
4. Ornatus ofiira, kapena rubostigma (lat.Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, eng.Bleeding Heart Tetra). Nthawi zina amatchedwa tetra ndi mtima wokhetsa magazi. Zowonadi, nsomba iyi imawoneka yosangalatsa - thupi lake ndi la imvi lokhala ndi mithunzi yapinki, kumaso ndi kumatako kumakhala ndi zoyera, ndipo mkati mwa thupilo mumakhala kadontho ofiira ofanana ndi bala. M'mbali mwake muli chingwe cha neon ruby.

Tetra von rio (lat.Hyphessobrycon flammeus, English Flame Tetra)

Imodzi mwama characins owala kwambiri, omwe kale anali otchuka kwambiri. Kutsogolo kwake kuli maolivi kapena maimaso otuwa okhala ndi zilembo zakuda, kupendekera moyenera kukhala mchira wa lalanje.

Mwa kusankha, mitundu yopanda maluwa akuda idapezeka. Pankhaniyi, kutsogolo kwa thupi ndi chikasu chambiri, kusandulika kukhala lalanje.

Serpas (Latin Hyphessobrycon iles, Serpae Tetra)

Mtundu wokongola wolimba wa njerwa. Pakati pa characins ena, amadziwika ndi kupezerera anzawo ndipo amaopsa kutha kwa nsomba zamkati. Komabe, kwa ma tetras ena komanso okhala mwamtendere siowopsa. Chizindikiro chokhala ndi chikwakwa ndi masamba owongoka achitsulo.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yoswana yowonjezereka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikwakwa, yomwe imakhala ndi utoto wofiira kwambiri, idapangidwa. Mu aquarium, amadziwika kuti "wamng'ono".

Lemon Tetra (Latin Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis, English Lemon Tetra)

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kukongola kwachikatikati pamagulu akulu. Mtundu wake, mitundu ya mandimu imapambana, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera chilengedwe komanso kukula kwa kudzipereka. Ziwalo zowala kwambiri za ndimu ya mandimu ndimakoma ake achikasu ndi ziphuphu zakumaso, komanso mawonekedwe ofiira amaso.

Mwachilengedwe, panthawi yamavuto, ma tetras a mandimu amagwetsedwa pagulu lalikulu, pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zowala kusokoneza munthu amene angadye.

Tetra amanda (lat.Hyphessobrycon amandae, Eng. Ember Tetra)

Nsomba zazing'ono izi mu kukula kwa thupi, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake ali ngati neon. Thupi lake laling'ono silikhala lalikulu masentimita awiri ndipo limakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira.

Mu aquarium idawoneka posachedwa ndikupeza kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda azitsamba ndi ma nano-aquariums. Timbulu ta Ruby tidzaguluka bwino posachedwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira.

Glass tetra (lat.Prionobrama filigera, Chingaliro cha Magalasi Opanda Magazi)

Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilendo kwambiri komanso zokongola za tetras. Thupi lake limakhala lotuluka, ndipo kudzera pamenepo msana wa nsomba umawoneka bwino. Maluso a caudal, kuyambira pa tsinde, ali ndi khungu lofiirira.

Tetra Congo (lat.Phenacogrammus interruptus, English Congo Tetra)

Nsomba zokongola ngati utawaleza zimapezeka ku mtsinje wa Africa Congo. Ndi yayikulu kwambiri (6-8 cm), ndipo zithunzi zakugonana zimatchulidwamo kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi anzawo aku South America. Amuna ndi owoneka bwino ndipo akazi ambiri, amakhala ndi zipsepse zazitali zophimba. Nsombayo payokha ndi yokongola: mtundu wake umakhala wowoneka bwino kuyambira pamimba mpaka pachikasu kumbuyo. Kukula ndi kukongola zimatengera malo oyenera.

Royal Tetra kapena Tetra Palmyri (lat.Nematobrycon Palmeri, Eng. Emperor Tetra)

Nsomba zowoneka mochititsa chidwi zomwe zimatchulidwa pakugonana. Mizere yake ndi yaying'ono - 4 cm mwa amuna ndi 3.5 cm mwa akazi. Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake a thupi ndizowoneka bwino - kumbuyo kwa amuna ndi maolivi omwe amakhala ndi lilac shimmer. Kuchera mpaka kumchira kumakhala chingwe chakuda, chomwe chili ndi m'mphepete chapamwamba komanso chodontha. Zipsepse zake zimakhala zachikaso, ndipo mchira waimuna umawoneka kuti ndi wopendekera kwachitatu.

Zachikazi ndizocheperako, zimawoneka ngati zina ndipo sizikhala ndi mchira wamtengo wapatali ngati wamphongo.

Diamond Tetra (Latin Moenkhausia pittieri, English Diamond Tetra)

Nsomba yosangalatsa yomwe dzina lake limafotokoza bwino mawonekedwe ake. Thupi la katemera wa dayamondi ndi silvery, wokhala ndi mamba owala. Mamba ena omwazikana mosakhalitsa amaponyedwa mudera lamtambo, wachikasu komanso wobiriwira, zomwe zimapangitsa nsomba kuti zizioneka ngati diamondi yokongola yopanga miyala yambiri.