Mayina: Mtundu wa Amazon wa Müller.
Zoyambira: North America.
Mazenera a Mueller ndi mbalame anzeru komanso ochenjera. Tsoka ilo, ali ndiukali komanso eni ake akuluakulu. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, amuna amatha kukhala ankhanza kwa anthu. Ma parroti ena amakopeka ndi eni ake kotero kuti amayamba kumuteteza kwa mbalame zina ndi achibale awo.
Akuluakulu a Mueller a Amazon amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa achikazi kukula kwake, mutu wake ndi mulomo wake ndi wokulirapo. Maso mu mbalame zazing'ono ndi zofiirira, akuluakulu - lalanje-chikasu.
Mwachilengedwe, maazoniwa amakhala m'malo otentha okhala ndi mitengo yayitali, m'nkhalango za mitengo, malo otetemera ndi nkhalango zowuma. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 50-60.
Zodabwitsa za Mueller ndi mbalame zaphokoso, makamaka nthawi yamkhaka. Awa ndimapulogalamu olimbikira kwambiri, omwe, chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi, amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Payenera kukhala zoseweretsa zambiri komanso timitengo tamatabwa kapena timitengo tating'onoting'ono (kutafuna). Mbalame zazing'ono zimatetezedwa mwachangu.
Kusamba zophimba ndizofunikira pamaula komanso khungu labwino. Nthenga zikatha, zitha kuthiridwa mu botolo lamadzi ndi madzi oyera. Mukatha kusamba kotero, siyani parrot ziume m'chipinda chofunda kapena padzuwa.
Aazoni a Müller amadyetsedwa chakudya chochulukirapo cha protein. Masamba ndi zipatso zatsopano zimawonjezeredwa kudyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mbalame zotchetcha zimadyetsedwa kuti zizisamalira abuluzi. Mukamamwa mopitirira muyeso, mbalamezi zimakonda kusankha zakudya. Chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, a Amazoni amapatsidwa mpendadzuwa kapena mbewu za safiro (kokha ngati chithandizo).
Ngati amazon akadyetsedwa mbewu zokha, amaperekanso mavitamini ndi michere kuti ateteze kukula kwa vitamini. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mavitamini pazakudya zofewa m'malo mwa madzi, chifukwa madzi oterewa ndi malo abwino kwambiri opangira mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zodabwitsa za Müller ndizogwira ntchito kwambiri - kuti azisamalira ali mu ukapolo, malo okhalamo ofunika akufunika. Mukhola pazikhalapo malo obisika angapo momwe mbalame zophimba zimabisala pachiwopsezo. Kukula koyenera kwa khola kuyenera kulola paroti kuuluka momasuka. Khola lizikhala ndi maloko odalirika komanso olimba.
Ndikofunikira kuti khola lizitha kulowa mumsewu kuti mbalame zizitha kupeza nthawi yabwino ndikusamba.
Ali ku ukapolo, ma Amons a Müller amaberekanso movuta. Nthawi yakukhwima m'chilengedwe imayambira paFebruary kapena Marichi mpaka Juni kapena Julayi. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka 3-5. Bokosi la zisa limayikidwa pamalo okwera mamita 1.2 Ndipo pamwamba pamtunda. Monga malo okhala nesting, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lamatanda pafupi masentimita 30x30x60. Nthawi zambiri mazira 3-4 mu clutch imodzi. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 24-26. Zipsepse zimbudzi zaka makumi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Achinyamata a Amazon amasinthidwa mosavuta. Zodabwitsa za Mueller ndi mbalame zathanzi, koma zimakonda kudwala:
- nthenga zokoka,
- psittacosis (chlamydia),
- matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya,
- poizoni, kapena poyizoni wazitsulo,
- kunenepa kwambiri.
Ngongole: Portal Zooclub
Mukasindikiza nkhaniyi, kulumikizana kwothandiza kwa gwero ndi MANDATORY, apo ayi, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyo kumaonedwa kuti ndikuphwanya lamulo la "Law on Copyright and rights rights".
MUELLER (MUSCLE) AMAZON
AMAZONA FARINOSA (Boddaert, 1783)
1. Amazona farinosa farinosa Boddaert, 1783 .
Ma subspecies a Amazon a Müller.
Kufotokozera. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwalawo ndi kobiriwira kokhala ndi mautoto osiyanasiyana oyera, nthenga kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi khosi ndizobowola zobiriwira ndi zokutira ndi utoto wofiirira. Korona ndi malo obiriwira (osiyanasiyananso) amtundu wachikasu, osapezeka mwa mbalame zina kapena kuchepera kufikira gawo la kufalikira pachingwe nthenga, mapiko omwe amakhala kumapeto kwake amakhala a chikaso chofiirira, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zikaso zachikasu. Mchira komanso wobiriwira wachikasu wobiriwira. Nthenga za nthenga zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri ndi malangizo a violet-buluu. Maso ofiira kumapiko a mbalameyo amapezeka nthenga 4 komanso 5 nthenga zachiwiri, nthenga zokhala mchira zimakhala zobiriwira ndi malangizo achikasu achikasu, nthenga zakumaso za mchirawo zimakhala ndi zilembo zofiira nthawi ndi nthawi. Khungu lozungulira periophthalmos limakhala loyera. Mlomo ndi imvi yakuda ndi maziko ake. Iris - kuchokera bulai mpaka bula. Matako ndi amvi.
Anthu osakhwima a subspecies awa alibe korona wachikaso, kuwonjezera, mtundu wa iris wa mbalame zotere ndi wakuda.
Kutalika kwa mbalame ndi 38 cm (15 mainchesi), kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 220-252 mm (mainchesi 8.5-10).
Kufalitsa. Mtunda wa Amazon Müller umadutsa ku Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Southern Venezuela m'malo a Bolivar ndi Amazonas, Southern Vaupes ku Colombia, kumwera chakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Bolivia komanso kum'mawa kwa Sao Paulo ku Brazil. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti masapota omwe amapezeka ku Müller Amazon kumpoto kwa Bolivia amalumikizana ndi magulu amtundu womwewo wa Amazon - Amazona farinosa chapmani (Müller Amazon Chapman), koma palibe zomwe zidapezeka pamtanda zomwe zingachitike pamtunda wa mitundu yaying'ono.
2. Amazona farinosa chapmani Traylor, 1948.
Okhazikika Amazon Chapman.
Kufotokozera. Izi zomwe amazipeza amazoni a Müller ndizofanana ndi ma subspecies amadzina, komabe, nthawi zambiri popanda korona wachikaso kapena kukhala ndi nthenga zochepa zokha zomwe zimatulutsa mawonekedwe achikasu pamutu wake, pafupifupi, mbalame zam'mabukuwa zimakhala zakuda pang'ono komanso zazikulupo kuposa subspecies wamba.
Mbalameyi ndi yotalika masentimita 42 (16.5 inches) ndipo imakhala ndi mapiko a kutalika kwa 255 - 280 mm (10-11 inches).
Kufalitsa. Amazon Chapman ya Müller imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Bolivia, kudutsa kumpoto kwa Peru komanso kum'mawa kwa Ecuador kupita kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Colombia kumadera a Vaupes ndi Putumayo.
3. Amazona farinosa inornata Salvadori, 1891.
Plain Amazon, masamba a Amazon a Mueller.
Kufotokozera. Mtundu umodzi wa Amazon uli m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi ma subspecies amadzina (Amazona farinosa farinosa), koma m'mimba, chifuwa ndi kunenepa kwa msana ndikutuwa pang'ono pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wachikasu pamutu umasowa kapena umachepera kufikira gawo labalalika.
Kutalika kwa phulayo ndi masentimita 38 (15 mainchesi), kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 232-262 mm (9-10 mainchesi).
Kufalitsa. Amakhala ku Panama m'chigawo cha Veracruz, kuyambira kummawa kupita kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Venezuela, kumadzulo kwa Andes, kudutsa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Colombia kupita kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ecuador, kum'mawa kwa Andes kumadutsa gawo la Meta, kumakhalanso kum'mawa kwa Colombia - mpaka ku Amazonas ku Venezuela.
4. Amazona farinosa virenticeps Salvadori, 1891.
Costa Rican Mueller Amazon, Amazon wotsogolera Green.
Kufotokozera. Zili zofanana ndi ma subspecies a Amazon a Müller, koma maula ndi obiriwira kwambiri, chifuwa ndi m'mimba mwa mbalame zimakhalanso zobiriwira, mapiko omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazodabwitsazi ndi mtundu wachikasu. Mphumi, frenum ndi korona ndiwobiriwira ndi wotuwa wotumbululuka (wamtambo).
Kutalika kwa parrot ndi 38 cm (15 mainchesi), kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 228-250 mm (9-10 mainchesi).
Kufalitsa. Amazon Rican Amazon imakhala kumadzulo kwa Panama kumadzulo kwa Chiriqu ndi Bocas del Toro kumpoto, kudutsa Costa Rica kupita ku Nicaragua.
5. Amazona farinosa guatemalae Sclater, 1860.
Amazon ya Guatemalan, Amazon yokhala ndi korona wabuluu.
Kufotokozera. Mtundu wa buluu wamtambo (wokhala ndi korona wabuluu - weniweni) Müller Amazon ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale ya Amazon ya Müller (Amazona farinosa virenticeps), koma pamphumi, frenulum ndi korona (cap) adakongoletsedwa ndi utoto wowoneka bwino wamtambo. M'mphepete mwa mapiko a mbalame zonse ndi zobiriwira.
Maparoti osakhazikika amakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo kapena wamdima wakuda.
Kutalika Amazon ya Guatemalan ndi 38 cm (15 mainchesi), mapiko ake ndi 221-248 mm (8.5-9,5 mainchesi).
Kufalitsa. Imapezeka ku Mexico, kuyambira kum'mwera kwa Veracruz ndi Oaxas m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caribbean kumwera ku Honduras.
Malinga ndi data ya ISIS (International System Id chizindikiritso), pa Novembala 5, 2004, a Müller's Amazon monga nyama kumalo osungirako nyama (pulogalamu) imeneyi adapeza amuna 23, akazi 14, mbalame 27 zogonana mosadziwika ndi mwana wankhuku mmodzi wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zakubadwa. Ponena za ma subspecies, zotsatirazi ndizomwe zilipo (monga pa Novembala 5, 2004):
Amazona farinosa farinosa - Amuna 9, akazi 6 ndi ma parrots 4 a zogonana mosadziwika,
Amazona farinosa inornata - Amuna 1 amodzi, zazikazi ziwiri ndi mbalame ziwiri zachimuna,
Amazona farinosa virenticeps - wamkazi m'modzi yekha
Amazona farinosa guatemalae - Amuna asanu ndi atatu, akazi atatu ndi akazi 9 ofunsa kugonana osavomerezeka.
Habitat. Chimakhala m'nkhalango yamvula komanso m'nkhalango zamapiri pamtunda wamtunda wa 1,500 m (5,000 ft) pamwamba pamtunda, malo ena otseguka okhala ndi mitengo yomwazikana (yobalalika) ndi mitengo yamangati, imakonda magawo a nkhalango.
Mkhalidwe (udindo). Ndi mbalame wamba, koma m'malo ena ake zimakhala zosowa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, osati ochuluka parrot monga ena ena osowa mitundu.
Zizolowezi. Müller Amazon amakhala awiriawiri kapena m'magulu a mbalame zoposa 20. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kuwoneka m'mawa kwambiri kapena kumapeto kwa usiku, mbalame zikafika kumalo awo okhala, nthawi ndi nthawi Müller Amazon ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi Amazonzuelan (orange-winged) Amazon (Amazona amazonica), Amazon Natterera (Amazona ochrocephala natterem - subspecies of Amazon-cached Amazon ochrocephala), Amazon wokhala ndi nkhope yachikasu (Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala - komanso masamba apadera a Amazon-tailed Amazon - Amazona ochrocephala, mayina ena amgulu latsopanoli ndi Colombian Amazon, amtundu wamtundu wachikasu wamtundu wamtundu waAmazon), kapena Amazon wampira wamtundu (Amazonaalis). Pa mitengo yazodyetsa chakudya amatha kusonkhana pagulu lalikulu. Amakhala chete kwambiri podyetsa. Ma Amons a Müller amasonkhana kuti adyetse m'mawa kwambiri, osachepera kale kuposa mitundu ina ya mbalame zanyama - nthawi ya 7 m'mawa amayamba kudya. Parrots amakumana nthawi zambiri mumphepete mwa mitsinje (mabanki) kuti achulukitse kagayidwe kake kazakudya (popeza pali kuchepa kwa michere m'makudya omwe amalandila tsiku lililonse), amakondanso kusambira m'madzi osaya.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, mbalame zopitilira mazana angapo zimatha kusonkhana pamitengo yazodyera, kenako m'magulu, kukuwa mokweza, mbalamezo zikuuluka kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita ku umzake. Mankhwala obiriwira ndi mbalame yabwino kwambiri. Maparishi amayenda kudera lina kupita kwina, ngakhale dera lina lakhala losiyana ndi lakale. Mbalame zimadziwika ndi kuwuluka kwambiri, zikuyenda mu ndege imodzimodzi, kuwuluka mapiko awo mwachangu. Liwu la mitundu ya Amazons iyi ndi laphokoso kwambiri, limatha kukhala losamva, ngati kufuula kapena kubangula kwa mbawala.
Chakudya m'chilengedwe. Zakudya za amazon m'malo awo achilengedwe zimakhala zofanana ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu komanso zazitali - zipatso (zipatso), makamaka nkhuyu (nkhuyu), zipatso, mtedza, maluwa, inflorescence, ndi masamba. Komanso, mwina, mbalame zamtundu wa zipatso nthawi zambiri, ngati si masiku onse, zimawonjezera chakudya chawo ndi kuthira mchere (kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje).
Kubalana mwachilengedwe. Nyengo yakubereketsa ya Muller Amazons ku South America igwera pakati pa Novembala ndi February, ndipo ku Central America kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Zingwe zimapezeka mitengo ikuluikulu (mitengo) kapena mitengo ya kanjedza yakufa kutalika kwambiri - kuyambira 20 m (65 ft) mpaka 25 m (80 ft) pamwamba pa nthaka. Komabe, munthawi imodzi, chisa chidapezeka 3 m (!) (10 ft) pamwamba pa nthaka. Ku Guatemala, kuya kwa chisa chomwe chimapezeka kukhoma lamiyala ya temple ya Mayan chinali 60 cm (2 mapazi). Mu zisa zonse zoyesedwa panali anapiye atatu. Kukula kwa dzira ndi 37.7 x 29.0 mm (1.48 x 11.14 mainchesi).
Maawiri a Mueller amazons amatha kusungidwa ndi anthu ena a amazons okha omwe ali kunja kwa nyengo yakubereketsa.
AkatswirikhunguAvary (chipinda cha mbalame). Mpanda wakunja (wakunja) wokhala ndi milingo iyenera kufanana ndi (pafupifupi) 4x1.5x2 m (12.0x4.5x6.0 mapazi) wokhala ndi mpanda wozungulira wotsekeka wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osachepera 1.5x1.0x2.0 m (4.5x3, 0x6.0 mapazi). Kupanga - mawailesi azikhala opangidwa ndi zitsulo. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri mukamazisunga mu parroti ndi + 5 C (41 F).
Kubalanso mu ukapolo. Müller Amazon nthawi zambiri amaberekanso machitidwe ochita kupanga. Kubalana kumayambira mu Epulo. Mbalame nthawi imeneyi zimachita phokoso kwambiri komanso zimakhala zankhanza. Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri mazira 2-3, osowa kwambiri - 4. Wamkazi amayikira mazira ndi masiku atatu. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 24-25. Nthawi yodyetsa anapiye ndi masiku 60-65, nthawi imeneyi anyani amphongo amadzadzidzimuka, amachedwa nkhawa kwa omwe akuwasamalira. Mbalame zazing'ono sizingatengedwe ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikukula zisanfike zaka 20 (miyezi isanu).
Zida zonse patsamba lino, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi zojambula zake (kapangidwe kake), ndizopatsidwa ufulu. Kulemba zidziwitso pazinthu zachitatu komanso malo ena pa intaneti, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse kwa zinthu zamatsamba popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi amene ali ndi ufuluyo SIZOGULITSIDWA.
Mukamakopera zinthu kuchokera pamalopo (kuti mupeze chilolezo kwa amene ali ndi ufulu waumwini), kuyikapo kalozera kogwirizira kotsimikizika pamalopo pakufunika.
Mawonekedwe
Parrots amafikira kutalika kwa 38-41 sentimita, ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 550-700. Anthu omwe amakhala mu ukapolo amakonda kulemera kwambiri. Parrot yamtunduwu ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ku South America. Mchira wa Amazons ndi waufupi, wokulira mbali. Pansi pa mulomo ndi minyanga ya njovu, ndipo ena onse am imvi. Nawonso matuwa. Kuzungulira maso kulibe khungu loyera. Iris ndi lalanje.
Thupi lonse limakhala ndi maula obiriwira, ndipo kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo kuli chowongolera cha imvi chopepuka, chifukwa chomwe chikuwoneka kuti parrot idakonkhedwa ndi ufa, pokhudzana ndi izi mbalameyo idalandira dzina lachiwiri - powdery Amazon. Pamaso pake, mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi malo achikasu, mbalame zina zimakhala ndi malo ochepa kwambiri, ndipo mitundu iwiri ilibe malowa. Pothawa, gawo lamunsi lamapiko ndi lamtambo wabuluu. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa zazikazi kukula.
Amazons a Müller amapindika m'magulu.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Amazon ya Müller yamera pofika zaka 3-4, pofika nthawi imeneyi yakonzeka kukhwima. Amazons ali ndi awiriawiri. Parrots amapangira zisa m'maenje a mitengo. Chikazi chimayikira mazira 3-4. Njira yokhonya imatenga milungu inayi. Yaikazi imasaka mazira, yamphongo imasamalira chakudya chake, iye amadyetsa, kuyika chakudya. Momwemonso, anapiye amadyetsedwa.
Pakatha miyezi iwiri chibadwire, anapiye amayamba kuwuluka. Zaka zambiri zomwe moyo wamtunduwu umakhala ndi zaka 55-60.
Mwana wankhuku ya Amazon.
Mverani mawu a Amazon Mueller
Amazons amazolowera anthu ndikukonda ambuye awo. Ali mu ukapolo, ali odekha komanso achikondi.
Maeller amazon nthawi zambiri amakhala kunyumba.
Paroti amadya zipatso, mtedza, njere, zipatso, maluwa, masamba, zipatso. Monga lamulo, mbalame zimakhala m'malo otsika, zimakhala pamtunda wosaposa mamita 1400 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Muukapolo, mbalame zophimba zinkhanira sizimaswana. Mbalamezi ndizosavuta kuzimeza, zimazolowera kwambiri ndi omwe ali nazo. Zakudya zawo ziyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Masamba ndi zipatso zimangowonjezeredwa pachakudyacho; kuphatikiza apo, michere ndi mavitamini amawonjezeredwa ku chakudya, mwinanso avitaminosis imayamba ma parrots.
Kwambiri, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo kunyumba mofulumira zimayamba kunenepa. Ngati ma Amazons amadya bwino, ndiye kuti amalemera ndikulemera, zomwe sizili bwino kwa iwo. Zakudya zophika zimayamba kukonza zakudya.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti Amazons azisungidwa m'malo otetezedwa kuti athe kuuluka ndi kuyenda momasuka. Khomalo liyenera kutsekedwa, apo ayi Amazon akhoza kuuluka ndikufa m'malo osadziwika bwino.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.