Mudziwa bwanji
Makulidwe ake ndiakulu kwambiri pakati pa anyani akale a ku Madagascar. Kutalika kwa thupi 568-698 mm (pafupifupi 607, n = 10). Kutalika kwa mchira ndi 51-65 mm (pafupifupi 56, / 7 = 10). Kuchuluka kwa chochitika chimodzi ndi 6.2 kg. Kunja vsegobesenopodobny. Mutu umazunguliridwa ndi muzzle pang'ono, osowa tsitsi.
Maso ndi akulu. Makutu ndi akulu, ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi. Miyendo imakhala yotakata, miyendo yakumbuyo imatalika kuposa yakutsogolo. Chala choyamba cha kutsogolo chimafupika ndipo chimasiyanitsidwa ndi zina zonse.
Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, chala choyamba ndi chachikulu kwambiri ndipo chimatsutsana mwamphamvu ndi zala zina zinai, zokutira kumunsi kwa khungu wamba. Zala zakukonzekera misomali.
Tsitsi lakumbuyo ndi lalitali, lamtunda, lamtambo, pamimba lalifupi kwambiri. Mtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya imvi, bulauni ndi wakuda wokhala ndi mitundu yayikulu mosiyanasiyana. Ena ndi akuda kwathunthu, ena pafupifupi oyera.
Mutu, makutu, kumbuyo ndi mphete nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda. Pali makutu a tsitsi pamakutu. Malo oyera oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphimba mbali zam'mbuyo za miyendo yakumbuyo, nthawi zambiri amakhala kumbuyo kwa torso. Pali sac ya laryngeal yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati yongonanso
Komwe kumakhala
Kugawidwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Madagascar, pakati pa Antonjil Bay kumpoto ndi Mtsinje wa Masora kumwera ndi malire a nkhalango kumapiri a kumadzulo. Range ikucheperachepera.
Mitengo yamvula yambiri imakhala kuchokera kunyanja mpaka pafupifupi 1800 m kuposa mulingo wake. Nthawi zambiri amachitika ndi magulu am'banja la anthu 3-5. Khalani ndi moyo wamatumbo okha
Moyo ndi Biology
Yogwira masana. Nthawi zambiri amalira mofuula. Amadyera masamba, zipatso ndi maluwa. M'banja, mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Kuchulukana kumakhala kotsika paliponse - m'malo abwino kwambiri amoyo wamkati, pafupifupi anthu atatu pa 100 ha. Wamkazi amabweretsa mwana wamwamuna pachaka chimodzi. Mimba 5 kapena 6 miyezi.
Mitundu: Indri-taire Indri - Indri indri Gmelin, 1788
Indri wakuda-wakuda amakhala pamtunda wamitengo yayitali pagombe lakummawa kwa Madagasco m'nkhalango zamvula zamapiri zomwe zimafikira mita 1,500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Chifukwa cha phokoso lofanana ndi galu komanso mawu okweza ngati galu akung'ung'uza, mbadwa za ku Madagascar (Malgash) zimatchedwa agalu a nkhalango za indri. ![]()
Indri yocheperako yakuda ndi mbewa yayitali kwambiri, mtundu wa ubweya wofewa, wandiweyani komanso wowoneka bwino, umasiyana kwambiri ndipo umachitika: bulauni, wakuda, pabuka, chikaso kapena choyera, koma mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera imayambira. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 70 cm, ndipo Indri amalemera mpaka 6-7, kawirikawiri mpaka 10 kg. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa mkazi wachikulire ndi ma kilogalamu 6.8 ndipo wamwamuna wamkulu ndi kilogalamu 5.8
Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, wakuda bii, wopukutira m'maso ndi wopanda tsitsi, wopanda tsitsi. Makutu ndi akulu, ali ndi tsitsi lakuda, maso alinso akulu, ansalu achikasu.
Miyendo yake ndi yayitali, mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri, kutalika kwake sikuposa masentimita 3-4. Chala choyamba kumiyendo yakutsogolo ndiyachifupi ndipo chimasiyanitsidwa ndi zina zinayi. Kuchokera pamphumi yakumaso mpaka kumphepete kwakunja kwa thupi, indri amatambasula khola.
Zoyipa zazifupi zakumaso zimakhala ndi moyo wamasana komanso wamakhalidwe oyipa, ndipo m'makhalidwe awo amafanana ndi ma gibbons.
Amagwira nduwira za mitengo ya m'nkhalango, nthawi zambiri zimatalika kupitirira 10-15.Mitengo ya Indri imakwera, imadutsana pang'onopang'ono ndi nthambi, mosiyanasiyana ndi matako onse: kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Miyendo yawo yamphamvu ndi yayitali pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa mikono itatu, chifukwa chake Indri imatha kudutsa pakati pa nkhalango m'mphepete mwa chingwe cholumikizika ndipo imatha kuwunikira mozungulira kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita pamtunda wamamita 10. Indri wokwera mitengo ikuluikulu, koma ingotsika mchira.
Indir Short-taised Indri - nyama zokhala m'mabanja. M'banja la anthu awiri 2-4, nthawi zambiri mpaka 6. Mkazi wamkulu nthawi zonse amakhala mtsogoleri m'gulululi, ndipo ndi gulu limodzi lokha la ziweto zazikulu.
Mtunduwu ndi wamtunda kwambiri, koma kuli malo ochepa omwe amakhala ndi madera amtundu woyandikana nawo. Nthawi zambiri patsiku gulu limadutsa gawo la malo ake kuchokera pa 300 mpaka 700 m, ndipo malowa amakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 18. Kuteteza dera ndi ntchito ya amuna achikulire. Amayika chizindikiro m'deralo mothandizidwa ndi mkodzo wawo, komanso zipsera za chinsinsi cha tiziwalo tating'ono tomwe timapukutira. Magulu amaika zikuni zawo zokhala m'malire a madera awo.
Gulu lonse limateteza gawo lawo pogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "ndewu". Nyimbo yayikulu imachitidwa pena paliponse pagawo, koma yolondola kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imamveka - kuchokera pamwamba pamitengo.
Nyimboyi imachitidwa ndi mamembala onse a gululi, koma chachikazi chachikulire nthawi zambiri chimayamba kuyimba koyambirira kuposa mamembala ena, "chimakoka" nthawi yayitali ndikuchiimba kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto. Nthawi yomweyo, achinyamata amatenga nawo gawo m'masekondi oyambilira a nyimbo, akumatulutsa mawu achisangalalo, theka la akulu (azaka za 3-6) amatenga nawo mbali mu nyimbo mpaka kumapeto kwa theka lake loyamba. Nyimbo ikaimbidwa ndi gulu lonse, nthawi zina imakhala yolumikizana. Nyimboyi imakhala pamasekondi 60 mpaka 150 ndipo imakhala ndi kufuula kotsatizana kapena kubuula mosiyanasiyana kuchokera 500 mpaka 6000 hertz. Liwu lofuula la nyamazi limachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa thumba la pakhosi lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa trachea. Tithokozetse iye, nyimbo yokongola koma yokongola ya indri ikhoza kumvedwa kopitilira 2 km. ![]()
Kuyimbaku kumasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe omwe amamveka m'mabanja osiyanasiyana, kotero kuti gulu lirilonse limadziwika mosavuta ndi nyimbo yawo. Kukula komwe gulu limayimba kumadalira nyengo, nyengo, komanso kuyandikira kwa magulu oyandikana nawo. Pakagwa mvula, Indri imayimba nthawi zambiri, koma izi zimatha chifukwa chodziimba pafupipafupi nthawi yamasiku pomwe nyengo ndiyabwino.
Nyimbo zikaimbidwa m'mawa, nyimbo nthawi zambiri imakhala yodziwitsa magulu ena komwe akhalako. Nyimbo yotere, monga lamulo, imalimbikitsa gulu loyandikana kuti libwerere kumbuyo kenako kumaimba kwa magulu awiri kapena kupitilira apo kumveka. Udindo wa nyimbo ngati njira yolankhulirana ndikuteteza gawo, limagwirizanitsanso anthu omwe agawika kwakanthawi, ndikuyankhanso kwa omwe adazindikira olusa, ndege komanso mabingu. Ndikothekanso kuti zovutazi zimadziwitsanso zakulera kwa gulu.
Amuna ena osakwatiwa nthawi zina amanyalanyaza malire awo ndipo amayenda momasuka kudera lonse la magulu osiyanasiyana. Mwina izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikupeza bwenzi logonana kuti apange gulu labanja lanu.
Indri amagona pamitengo, kuyambira kutalika kuyambira 30 mpaka 100, pomwe gulu limatha kudutsa gawo lonse mpaka mtunda wopitilira 100 metres. Nthawi zambiri amagona pamakona owongoka. Pamagona, nthawi zina amagwira miyendo ndi nthambi, ndipo mitu yawo imakhala yoweramitsidwa pakati pa mawondo. Nthawi zina amatha kugona limodzi anthu awiri, koma osapitilira awiri. Makanda a Indri, kufikira atakhala ndi chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, kugona ndi amayi awo, ndipo pambuyo pake nyama yotsiriza pagulu nthawi zambiri imagona ndi bambo wamkulu (abambo) a gululi. Akazi akagone samaleza kuyandikira kwa abambo ndipo amamuwukira ngati angayandikire pafupi.
Mamembala a gululo akangodzuka, atambalala, kenako ndikuyamba kudya chakudya choyandikira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamtengo pomwe anagona. Kenako mamembala a gululi amakodza ndi kuyeretsa matumbo awo molumikizana, nthawi zambiri kumayimirira kumbali imodzi yopingasa. Kenako amayambanso kudyetsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri amachita tsiku lonse: 30 mpaka 60% ya zochitika ku indri zimayenderana ndi kudya. Koma pamene malo amodzi mulibe michere yamagulu, gulu limamwazika kumalo ozungulira.
Indri amadya masamba, komanso zipatso, mtedza, mphukira zamitengo yamaluwa ndi maluwa. Mtunduwu uli ndi mtundu wa mano 2: 1: 3: 3.
Zadziwika kuti ku Mantady National Park, zakudya zambiri zam'mimba zomwe zimakhala ndi mphukira zosakhwima. Zakudya zakhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu ya mitundu 63 ya mbewu kuchokera ku 39 genera ndi mabanja 19: (Bronchoneura sp.) Rara, Menahihy (Campylospermum sp.), Voapaka (Uapaca sp.), Hazinina (Symphonia sp.), Molopangady (Alberta sp.), Zanamalotra (Dialium sp.), Tarantana (Rhus tarantana), Mampay (Cynometra sp.), Sadodok'ala (Gaertnera sp.), ndi Ramy (Canarium madagascariensis) ali ku Betampona Natural Reserve. Ku Anjanaharibe-Sud Indri, nthawi zambiri, amatha kudya zipatso zakukula za Vongomena (Symphonia sp.), Vahamivohotra, Vongo (Symphonia clusoides), mphukira za Tavolo (Ravensara madagascariensis), ndi masamba a Tafonana (Mespilodaphne faucheri), koma masamba ochokera kubanja la Geraca ndi zipatso zakudya zazikulu.
Zinapezeka kuti amuna amadya zipatso zambiri, pomwe akazi amadya mphukira zazing'ono. Amuna amadyetsanso kwakanthawi ndipo amadya pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuposa akazi achikulire ndi ana awo achichepere.
Amadziwika kuti nyama zimang'amba ndi masamba kuchokera mumtengowo ndi manja awo, koma nthawi zambiri amatenga chipatsocho mkamwa ndikuchisintha ndi dzanja.
Khalidwe la chikhalidwe cha anthu posamalira tsitsi la mnzake, masewera, nkhanza komanso kugonana zimangokhala pafupifupi 2% (mphindi 6 mpaka 13) muzochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Masewera ochezera ambiri nthawi zambiri amawonedwa pakati pa achinyamata ndipo amaphatikizapo: kulimbana, kugwidwa komanso kusamvana kosangalatsa. Mavuto osewera pakati pa achinyamata amatha kuyambira masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi 15 ndipo amawonedwa m'miyezi yachilimwe (kuyambira Disembala mpaka March).
Kulankhula kwamawu ku Indri kumaimiridwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana amawu. Mwachitsanzo, Indri amalira akakumana ndi zoopsa kapena pompopompo "kumpsompsona" posonyeza kukoma mtima. Kukhazikika kokhazikika kumayambira nyimboyo ndipo imafalitsidwa ndi mamembala onse a gululi. Komanso ndi chenjezo pofufuza adani omwe ali ngati ndege. Kugudubuza kumamveka munthu akakhala wamantha kwambiri kapena wotanganidwa. Indri amadziwika ndi grunt yosavuta, yomwe imaperekedwa munthu akakhala wamantha kapena wotanganidwa ndi zinazake, ndipo mawu ena amafanana ndi kulira kwa anthu.
Poyeretsa ubweya wawo ndi tsitsi la wina ndi mnzake, aIndri amaliza kudyetsa, asanagone mpaka m'mawa. Masana, nthawi zina amapumula m'malo okhalamo, nthawi yomweyo ndikugona. Indri, ngati mavuvu, oyenda ndi dzuwa lotentha, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi miyendo yakutsogolo patsogolo pawo, ngati kuti idawolokera dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, mbadwa za ku Madagascar zimaganizira nyama zopangira indri ndi sifaki zopembedza dzuwa, ndipo sizisaka konse.
Indri amathanso kuyenda pansi: amalumpha miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikukweza miyendo yakutsogolo pamwamba pamitu yawo kuti ikhale yopanda malire.
Zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika pofalitsa indri. Indri ali ndi ubale wokhala ndi mnzake. Matenga nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa Disembala ndi March. Wamphongo, akamagwira wamkazi kuti akonzekere kukhwima, amamudzutsa mosamala ndikunyambita maliseche aakazi asanatole.Mating indri nthawi zambiri amapezeka panthambi yopachika. Zikatere, mkazi amakhala pamtengapo ndi nthambi yokhala ndi miyendo mosiyana, ndipo matani amachitika m'malo am'mimba
Kubadwa kumachitika mu Meyi kapena June, koma nthawi zina, ndipo pambuyo pake, mpaka Ogasiti. Nthawi ya bere ndi masiku 120 mpaka 150. Pofika nthawi ya kubadwa, ana ake amakhala ndi mano angapo, ndipo maso awo ali otseguka. Makanda ali ndi utoto kwathunthu wakuda wokhala ndi malo oyera (m'munsi kumbuyo, mikono, nsidze, pakhosi ndi pamphumi).
Poyamba, mkazi wamkazi wa ku Indri amavala pansi pamimba pake, koma mwana ali ndi miyezi inayi, amasunthira kumbuyo kwake. Akazi amakhala ndi gawo limodzi la nsonga zamabele. Kuyamwitsa kumatha pakatha chaka chimodzi.
Achichepere ocheperako amatha kukhala odziimira pawokha ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, koma amakhalabe pafupi ndi amayi ake pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndipo amakhalabe ndi ubale wapamtima. Ali ndi chaka chimodzi, mwana wachinyamata wa ku Indri amawonetsa bwino magalimoto ndipo amatha kuwerengetsa njira zoyenera.
M'chaka chimodzi, mkaziyo amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, yemwe amakhala ndi mayi kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka nthawi yakuwonekera kwa zinyalala zotsatirazi, ndipo amabereka osati chaka chilichonse, koma zaka ziwiri zilizonse mpaka zitatu.
Achichepere okhwima omwe amakhala ndi chidwi chokhala ndi moyo amakhala okha asanakhazikitse banja lawo.
Kutalika kotalika kwambiri kwa chilengedwe cha indri kuli pafupifupi zaka 20-25. Tsatanetsatane wa nyama zomwe zimadyera ku Indri kulibe, koma zikuyenera kuti mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimadya, komanso zoweta zazikuluzikulu, zingawagwere.
Mdani wamkulu wa Indri ndi munthu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala (kudula mitengo yamafuta ndi malo okhala kutchuthi) ndi nkhawa zosalekeza. Amati mafuko ena a ku Madagas adagwira yochepa-indri ndikuphunzitsidwa ngati agalu kokasaka.
Nthawi zambiri ammondene samazunzidwa ndi anthu am'deralo chifukwa cha zoyipa ("fady"). Komabe, pali malipoti a anthu ochokera kumayiko ena omwe akusaka nyama izi. Chomwe chidachitika pang'ono mu 1984, zitadziwika, ogwira ntchito aku China omwe adapanga msewu wochokera ku Antananarivo kupita ku Tamatawa adagula indri yokomera nyama, monga chakudya.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1900s, ma indri anali ofala kwambiri kotero kuti wapaulendo m'modzi adanena kuti palibe amene angafike kuchokera ku Tamatawa kupita ku Antanarivo kuti asamve kawirikawiri kulira kwawo. Podzafika mu 1960, kuchuluka kwa zinthu ku Indri kunali kukuchepa chifukwa cha kudula mitengo kwa mitengo. Indri ali ndi kuthekera kobereka kachilengedwe kochepa kwambiri ndipo pakadali pano kuchuluka kwawo kuli kochepa kwambiri, malowa ndi magawikidwe, ndipo malo ambiri mwachilengedwe awonongedwa ndikuwonongeka, motero mitunduyi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Ngakhale anayesera kuti ateteze, indri ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi ndipo akatswiri akuyerekeza kuti idzatha padziko lapansi pazaka zana zikubwerazi ngati zoyesayesa kusunga zolengedwa sizinachite bwino.
Indir Short-taised Indri ili ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana pakhungu:
Indri indri indri: Anthu amtunduwu amakhala amtundu wakuda ndi nkhope yoyera komanso yotakata.
Indri indri mosagatus: izi subspecies zili ndi occipital cap ndi kolala yoyera. Mbali zakunja za miyendo ndi manja am'munsi zimayera kapena zoyera.
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Banja: Indridae Burnett, 1828 = Zoyenda, Indri, Indriids
