Mwa ambiri oimira amphaka a lynx, sikuti amangowoneka ndi mawonekedwe ake okha, komanso mawonekedwe ake. Nayi mfundo zosangalatsa za lynx.
1. Lynx amadana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, ndipo ngati zingatheke, amayesera kuwawononga. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kufunitsitsa kwa nkhandwe kudya nyama yakunja, ngati lynx ikawona nkhandwe pafupi, ndiye imadikirira pafupi ndi nyama yake. Kenako, akugwira mphindi, akumenya wakuba. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, lynx samadya nkhandweyo, koma amangosiya.
2. Chithunzi cha lynx nthawi zambiri chimapezeka mu heraldry, personifying visual acuity. Akatswiri ayika patsogolo lingaliro - pamkono wa manja a Finland pali fano la lynx, osati mkango.
3. Kumva kwa lynx ndikwabwino, kotero kumatha kumva mayendedwe a anthu patali makilomita angapo. Mukasaka lynx, muyenera kuwonetsa zaluso zenizeni.
4. Potchula mfundo zosangalatsa za lynx, tiyenera kudziwa mgwirizano womwe uli pakati pa nyama iyi ndi munthu. Lynx amatha kuthyola khosi la munthu mosavuta, koma zovuta zotere ndizosowa kwambiri - amakonda kupewa anthu. Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti kuwona lynx ndikwapambana kwambiri kwa munthu.
5. Ahelene akale ankakhulupirira kuti luso la lynx limatha kuwona zinthu kudzera. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi idatchedwa dzina kulemekeza ngwazi yanthano Lucius, yemwe anali ndi luso lotere. Amber amamuwona ngati Agiriki ngati mkodzo woyipa wa lynx.
6. Gulu la asayansi aku Italiya mu 1603 lidakhazikitsa Academy of Lynxes, pomwe a Galileo anali membala. Cholinga chachikulu cha ophunzira chinali kulimbana ndi tsankho komanso kufunafuna chowonadi. Lynx, yomwe idaphwanya zikhadabo za Cerberus, idayimira kuwomboledwa kwa anthu mumdima waumbuli kudzera mu sayansi.
7. Zomangira m'makutu zimapereka chidziwitso cha lynx. Zindikiridwa kuti popanda maburashi awa kumva mu nyama kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
8. A Lynxes, omwe apanga gulu, amachita msonkhano molingana ndi mwambo wapadera. Anthu oimirira moyang'anizana amayamba kuyimitsa mutu pamphumi.
9. Chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola kwambiri komanso wotentha wa lynxes, adawonongedwa nthawi yayitali. Tsopano nyama iyi yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndikuitetezedwa.
10. Posuntha pang'onopang'ono, lynx imayika mwendo wake wammbuyo kumbuyo kwa kutsogolo kwake. Anthu angapo akasuntha, malembawo kumbuyo kwawo amabwera ndendende patsogolo pa njanji. Palinso ana a akambuku ndi mimbulu.
Mr. Cat akutsimikizira: kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, dera
Iberian, Spain kapena Pyrenean Lynxes (Lynx pardinus) ndi amphaka amtundu wamtundu wa Lynx omwe amakhala ku Iberian Peninsula kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe (kumwera kwa Spain pafupi ndi malire ndi Portugal), omwe ndi Mndandanda Wowopsa wa IUCN.
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, Iberian Lynx inali itatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 100 okha amene anapulumuka ku Andalusia. Njira zoyesungira nyama zomwe zatsala, kuyambira 2002, zinaphatikizanso kukonza malo okhala, kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya, kusuntha ndikukhazikitsa ma Ibynan Lynxes omwe ali m'gawoli, kotero kuti pofika chaka cha 2012 chiwerengerochi chinakwera mpaka 326 anthu. Poyesera kupulumutsa mtunduwu kuti zisathere, mapolojekiti adapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la pulogalamu yapadera.
Pomwe kale anali ngati gulu la Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx), ku Spain tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wina. Mitundu yonseyi idakumana pamodzi ku Central Europe ku Pleistocene ndipo idapangika ngati nthambi zingapo ku Late Pleistocene. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama yolusa imeneyi idachokera kwa kholo lakale Lynx issiodorensis.
Gulu la Iberian Lynx lawonapo ubweya wolimba kuyambira pachikasu mpaka pamtunda, thupi lowoneka bwino, miyendo yayitali, mchira wamfupi, mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi makutu owoneka bwino komanso nkhope yolocha nkhope, komanso chikopa chaubweya chachitetezo kumaso.
Kutalika kwa mutu ndi thupi la amuna kumayambira pa 74.7 mpaka 82 cm, ndi mchira kuchokera 12,5 mpaka 16 cm ndi kulemera kwa 7 mpaka 15,9 kg. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa zazikazi; kumapeto, kutalika kuyambira kumutu kumka ku 68.2 mpaka 77,5 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafika pa 10 kg.
Mtundu wa ubweya umasiyanasiyana kuchokera kumodzi ndikugawana kochepa kakang'ono mpaka kuzowonjezera zazitali zomwe zimakhala m'mizere yomwe imachepa kukula kuchokera kumbuyo mpaka mbali.
A Spanish Lynx a ku Spain ankakhala pachilumba cha Iberian komanso kumwera kwa France. Mu 1950s, anthu akumpoto adafalikira kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean kupita ku Galicia ndi madera ena kumpoto kwa Portugal, ndiam'mwera kuchokera pakati mpaka kumwera kwa Spain.
Chiwerengero cha anthu chinatsika kuchoka pa 15 mu 1940s kupita kuwiri pofika zaka zoyambirira za 1990s, makamaka ku Montes de Toledo ndi Sierra Morena.
Mpaka 1973, mitunduyi idalipo m'madambo a Sierra de Gata, Montes de Toledo, kum'mawa kwa Sierra Morena, Sierra de Relumbrar ndi Doñana. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa 1960s mpaka 2000, a Pyrenees Lynx adataya pafupifupi 80% ya malo ake akale ndipo malo ake tsopano ali ndi malo ochepa kwambiri kum'mwera kwa Spain omwe ali ndi gawo lowonekera kwambiri m'zipululu za Sierra Morena ndi Doñana.
Kafukufuku wa mitochondrial DNA kuchokera ku zotsalira, zomwe zidasindikizidwa mu Marichi 2015, zikusonyeza kuti Iberian Lynx inali ndi malo ambiri ku Late Pleistocene ndi Holocene, kuphatikizapo kumpoto kwa Italy ndi kumwera kwa France.
Pyrenees Lynx imakonda malo osiyanasiyana odyetsa msipu wosakanizika ndi zitsamba zonenepa monga sitiroberi, mastic, mlombwa, ndi mitengo, makamaka mwala wamiyala ndi mitengo. Pakadali pano, malo ogawikirawa amakhala ochepa m'mapiri.
Mverani mawu a Pyrenees Lynx
Monga momwe zimakhalira, kwa ma lynxes onse amakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, pamakutu pali miyala yakuda, palinso mchira wamfupi, womwe nsonga yake umapakidwa wakuda. Pamizere yokhala mbali ili ndi chovala chotalika, chamtundu wazungu. Wakhala kutchire pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zitatu.
Imagwira pamasewera ang'onoang'ono - maula ndi akalulu, nthawi zina kumenyana ndi ana agalu.
Lysyle Pyrenees lynx, monga abale ake, amasungulumwa. Amuna amasamalira mosamala magawo awo a kusaka, omwe nthawi zambiri amafikira mamilimita khumi ndi asanu. makilomita. Ndi akazi okha omwe amatha kulowa gawo lawo. Kusungulumwa kwa lynxes kumatha mu nyengo yakukhwima, yomwe imayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Julayi. Maudindo olera ana amapatsidwa kwa mkazi yekha, bambo samatenga nawo mbali.
M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya wa Pyrenees lynx umayamba kuzimiririka ndikuchepera.
Pokonzekera kubadwa kwa makanda, mayiyo amapeza malo obisika mwamtundu wa thundu la thundu kapena matumba oyenerera. Patatha masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri pambuyo pa kukhwima, ana amphaka anayi mpaka anayi, obadwa pafupifupi magalamu mazana awiri. Kwa miyezi isanu, amadya mkaka wa amayi, ngakhale amatha kudya kale zakudya zomwe amapatsa mwezi. Amasaka okha pakatha miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Ndipo ngakhale izi zili choncho, ana ake amakhalabe pafupi ndi amayi awo mpaka atapeza malo ake osaka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Mlandu woyamba wa kusungidwa kwa ukapolo wa Pyrenean lynx unachitika pa Marichi 29, 2005.
Ntchito ya Lynx zimatengera nthawi yazaka. M'nyengo yozizira, amasaka masana, ndipo nthawi yotentha, amathawa kutentha, makamaka usiku. Iberian lynx ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri kudya. Ngakhale kuti imatha kudya makoswe ndi ana agwape, chakudya chachikulu ndimakoko ndi akalulu. M'mbuyomu, akalulu anali ambiri m'malo awa, koma tsopano zonse ndi zosiyana. Mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20, kachilombo ka ku South America kamachepetsa chiwerengero chawo. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa lynx yaku Spain kwatsika kwambiri.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa 2005, kuchuluka kwa anthu olambira Iberia ndi anthu 100 okha.
Kuti mudyetse ngakhale akhola ochepa a ku Iberia, muyenera kukhala ndi akalulu ambiri am'mapiri. Mu 2005, chiwerengerochi chinafika povuta kwambiri, osapitilira zana limodzi. Chifukwa choopseza kutha, mtunduwu udalembedwa mu Red Book, Appendix I CITES, komanso mndandanda wa World Conservation Union.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Makhalidwe
Iberian Lynx amakhala ndi moyo wapayekha. Amakondanso kusaka yekha, amatha kuthamangitsa mnzakeyo kapena kudikirira kwa chitsamba kapena mwala mpaka nyama itatsala pang'ono kukwana.
Achichepere ali ndi malo awo osakira omwe ali ndi mizere yopitilira 100 square metres. km Kukula kwa gawo kumatengera osati nyama yokha, komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya.
Iberian Lynxes, monga lamulo, amafuna malo osachepera mainchesi 5 mpaka 20. km, ndipo kwa akazi makumi asanu, kupangira khola kapena kudyetsa ana, kumatenga pafupifupi 500 lalikulu. km
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, gawo lokhazikitsidwa ndi munthu likhazikitsidwa, magawo nthawi zambiri amakhala osasunthika kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo malire awo nthawi zambiri amadutsa m'misewu ndi m'makwalala.
Iberian Lynx amalemba dera lake ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe zomwe zatsala pamakwalala kapena pamasamba, ndikukula pamakungwa a mitengo.
Dera
Pali lynx ya Pyrenean kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Spain (yambiri ili ku Coto Doñana National Park), ngakhale poyamba inali ku Spain ndi Portugal. Tsopano malo ake ndi ochepa mapiri.
Iberian lynx amakonda malo odyetserako ziweto osakanikirana ndi zitsamba zowirira monga sitiroberi, mastic ndi mlombwa, komanso mitengo monga mitengo yamiyala ndi mitengo ya cork.
M'mbuyomu, a lynx a ku Iberia ankakhalanso ku Peninsula ya Iberia komanso kumwera kwa France. Mu 1950s, malo ake kumpoto adayambira ku Mediterranean kupita ku Galicia ndi madera kumpoto kwa Portugal, ndi kumwera kuchokera pakati mpaka kumwera kwa Spain. Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu kunatsika kuchoka pa 15ppproduction mu 1940s mpaka maulendo awiri okha koyambirira kwa 1990s.
Mpaka 1973, lynx ya ku Iberia idakhalanso m'zipululu za Sierra de Gata, Montes de Toledo, kum'mawa kwa Sierra Morena, Sierra de Relumbrar ndi Doñana. Mu 1960s ndi 2000s, idataya pafupifupi 80% ya madera ake. Pakadali pano, lynx ya ku Iberia imatha kupezeka m'malo ochepa okha kum'mwera kwa Spain, kumapiri a Sierra Morena ndi Doñana.
Chakudya
Iberian Lynx ndi yaying'ono kuposa abale ake akumpoto ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito nyama zazing'ono, zazikulu kuposa ma sere. Zimasiyanitsanso malo omwe amasankha, omwe ndi malo otseguka kuposa zomwe zimayambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu ya ku Europe yomwe inkakhala m'nkhalango.
Mbawala ya ku Iberia makamaka imasaka Kalulu waku Europe (Oryctolagus cuniculus), yemwe ndi amene amadya kwambiri.
Mndandanda wa omwe akuyenera kuwonongedwa akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi phala yokhala ndi miyendo yofiyira, makoswe ndipo, pocheperako, nawonso osachita zakutchire. Nthawi zina chilombo chimadyera ana agwape, agwape, mphiri ndi abakha.
Yaimuna imafunikira kalulu m'modzi patsiku, pomwe yaikazi yomwe idadyetsa ana amphaka imadyanso atatu nthawi imodzi.
Pyrenees Lynx satha kusinthasintha kwenikweni, komabe zimatengera kuchuluka kwa akalulu, omwe amapanga 75% ya chakudya chake chatsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale akuwonjezeka mobwerezabwereza chifukwa cha matenda awiri omwe amapezeka pakati pa chakudya - myxomatosis, omwe amafalikira ku Iberia Pambuyo pa Paul-Felix Armand-Delisle atabweretsa akalulu ku France mu 1952, komanso matenda a kalulu hemorrhagic, omwe adayamba mu 1988.
Mu 2011 ndi 2012, miliri iwiriyi idayamba. Kubwezeretsa kunawonedwa m'malo ena okha - mu 2013, kuchuluka kwa akalulu kumwera kwa Cordoba kunalembedwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zomangamanga ndi mafamu.
Komabe, mu Disembala 2013, zidanenedwa kuti oimira nyama zakuthengo adadera nkhawa za kufalikira kwa nthenda yatsopano ya matenda a hemorrhagic omwe amakhudza makamaka akalulu achichepere. Anthu omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo ogulitsa a Lynx ku Sierra Moren, omwe adagwa pafupifupi mahekitala atatu kupita osachepera, omwe ali pansi pa 1.5-2 pa hekitala iliyonse.
Chifukwa chokakamizidwa kuyenda mtunda wautali kuti adye, a Iberian Lynx adayamba kugonja chifukwa cha ngozi zapamsewu.
Spanish Lynx imachita mpikisano wothamangitsa nyama ndi nkhandwe yofiira (Vulpes vulpes), mongoose wa ku Egypt (Herpestes ichneumon), mphaka wamtchire waku Europe (Felis silvestris silvestris) komanso genet (Genetta genetta).
A Spanish Lynx ndiwosaka bwino kwambiri okhala ndi chidwi chodabwitsa, kumva komanso kumva kununkhira. Amatha kusaka onse kuchokera kunthambi za mitengo, kulumphira modutsa m'njira, ndikudikirira nyama yomwe ingabisalire miyala.
Nyama ikonda kunyamula mtembo kutali ndi malo osakira ndikudya mwakachetechete pamalo kopanda. Ngati pali nyama yambiri, a Lynx amapanga kache, yomwe ibwera tsiku lotsatira.
Kutha msinkhu ndi kubereka
Mu nthawi yakukhwima, wamkazi amachoka m'gawo lake kukafunafuna amphongo. Mimba yeniyeni imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ana amphaka amabadwa kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembara, ndipo kubadwa kwakukulu kwambiri kumachitika mu Marichi ndi Epulo. Litter imakhala ndi ana awiri kapena atatu (osowa kamodzi, anayi kapena asanu) olemera 200 mpaka 250 gramu.
Achichepere amayamba kudziimira pawokha azaka zapakati pa 7 ndi 10, koma amakhala ndi amayi awo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Kupulumuka kwa achichepere kumadalira kupezeka kwa nyama. Kuthengo, zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimatha msinkhu kutha kwa chaka chimodzi, ngakhale zili choncho, sizimakonda kubereka mpaka malo osaka aulere atulukire.
Kwa zaka zambiri, akatswiri ankayang'anira wamkazi yemwe sanaberekepo kwa zaka zisanu mpaka amayi ake atamwalira. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoyembekezera kukhala kuthengo ndi zaka 13.
Abale ndi alongo akukhala othamanga pakati pa masiku 30 mpaka 60, mpaka kufika masiku 45. Mphaka nthawi zambiri limapha mnzake pomenya nkhondo yoopsa. Sizikudziwika chifukwa chomwe izi zimayambira, ngakhale asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni pomwe mwana amasintha mkaka wa mayi wake kupita ku nyama. Ena akutsimikiza kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha magawo omwe ali mkati mwa anthu ndikusankhidwa kwachilengedwe pomwe olimba kwambiri amakhalabe ndi moyo.
Kuvuta kopeza abwenzi kuti akwaniritse pakati pa Spain Lynx kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwazomwe zimabweretsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha kubadwa komanso chiwerengero chachikulu chatsatanetsatane cha kufa kosavulala kwa nyama zazing'ono.
Izi ndichifukwa choti kubereka kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa umuna komanso kuwonjezeka kwa unyamata kwa abambo, zomwe, zimalepheretsa kupangika kwa ana abwino kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti mitunduyo ikuyenera kusintha.
Chifukwa cha kubwezeretsanso komanso njira zina zachilengedwe, Iberian Lynx lero yachoka m'gulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukhala pangozi.
Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha amphaka chimapangitsa kuti mphaka wamtchireyu akhale pachiwopsezo chazimirizi kuzimiririka mwadzidzidzi monga tsoka lachilengedwe kapena matenda.
Njira zotetezera zikuphatikizanso kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe, kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa akalulu amtchire, kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa imfa, komanso kubereka Spanish Lynx ku ukapolo kuti atulutsidwe m'chilengedwe.
Spain National Commission for Natural Conservation yasungira pulogalamu yosungira Iberian Lynx ku vivo, ndipo ikuthandizanso kupanga magulu atsopano omwe amagawidwa mwaulere kudzera mu mapulogalamu okonzanso.
Asanamasule amphaka ogwidwa ukapolo, zizolowezi zawo zachilengedwe zimatha kusinthidwa kuti zikonzekeretse kuthengo.
Kafukufukuyu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira, kuphatikiza makamera kuti azitsata demokalase ya akalulu ndi akalulu omwe amakhala ku Sierra Moren.
Iberian Lynx ndiotetezedwa kwathunthu, ndipo salola kuloledwa kusaka nyama.
Ziwopsezo zodya nyama zomwe zikudyetsa ziweto zikupitilizabe chifukwa chakusowa kwa malo okhala chifukwa chakuyenda mgalimoto, poyizoni, kufa ndi agalu amtchire, kuba pachilengedwe mosavomerezeka komanso kuwuka kwangozi kwa mphaka.
Nyama zomwe zidayikidwa mndende muukapolo nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi kulephera kwa impso, komwe kumathandizanso kuti anthu amphaka zodabwitsazi zibwezeretse mwachangu.
Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kukonza bwino kwa zomangamanga, chitukuko cha mizinda ndi malo ogulitsira, komanso mitengo yokhayokha, yomwe imapangitsa kugawidwa kwa Lynx.
Mu 2013, zidanenedwa kuti Pyrenees Lynx ndiwonyamula m'matumbo a mabakiteriya omwe amaletsa antibayotiki, omwe angayambitse zoopsa komanso zovuta kuchitira matenda komanso kukulitsa mkhalidwe wa anthu.
Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mchaka chomwecho akuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kungasokoneze Iberian Lynx chifukwa cha kusakhoza kwawo kuzolowera kusintha kwatsopano kapena kutsogoza kukhazikitsidwa kwawo kumadera okhala ndi boma lotentha kwambiri, koma akalulu ochepa, omwe, nawonso, zimapangitsanso kuchuluka kwaimfa pakati pa nyama.
Ntchito zoyang'anira zikusungidwa kuti zisunge ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe. Akatswiri omwe akufuna kumasula gulu la Spain Lynx lomwe lili muukapolo, akufunafuna malo omwe ali ndi malo oyenera, kuchuluka kwa akalulu komanso mkhalidwe wochezeka wa anthu amderalo.
Pafupifupi mayuro 90 miliyoni adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa mphaka wamtchire wapadera kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2018, European Union imathandizanso, mpaka 61% ya ndalama zimachokera.
Mu Ogasiti 2012, ofufuza adalengeza kuti mtundu wa Iberian lynx genome unasanjidwa, ndikulemba.
Asayansi akukonzanso kuyesa kwapadera kwa zotsalira za Lynx yemwe adamwalira kale kuti athetseretu kuwonongeka kwa mitundu komanso kusintha madongosolo. Mu Disembala 2012, zidafotokozedwa kuti ofufuza adapeza mabwinja a 466 Iberian Lynxes pazosungidwa zakale ndi zakale. Komabe, akuyerekeza 40% ya zitsanzo zomwe zidatayika pazaka 20 zapitazi.
Iberian Lynx ili ndi mitundu yotsika ya chibadwa kuposa feline ina iliyonse yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yosauka, monga cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), mikango yamkati ndi Eurasian lynx ku Scandinavia. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kudzipatula kwa nthawi yayitali. Asayansi ati kuphatikiza magulu angapo aanthu kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina yobadwa nayo.
Akazi atatu amakhala ku Sherry Zoo, ndipo akatswiri amapanga dongosolo la kubereka. M'modzi mwa anthuwa Saliga, adagwidwa ndimphaka mu Epulo 2002. Adakhala woyamba Iberian Lynx kubereka muukapolo, kubereka ana atatu athanzi pa Marichi 29, 2005, kumalo osungirako a El Acebuche, ku Doñana Natural Park ku Huelva, Spain.
M'zaka zotsatira, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kunakulirakulira, ndipo malo owonjezeramo ziweto adatsegulidwa. Mu Marichi 2009, zidanenedwa kuti ma kitt 27 adabadwa kuyambira pachiwonetsero cha pulogalamuyi, tsopano alipo ena ochulukirapo. Boma la Spain likukonzekera kukhazikitsa nazale yofunikira ma euro 5.5 miliyoni ku Zarza de Granadilla. Ku Portugal, Lince Iberico National Center for Reproduction (CNRLI) idakhazikitsa malo osungira nyama ku Silves.
Iberian Lynx m'mbuyomu amatha kuwonedwa ali ndende ku Jerez Zoo, kuyambira Disembala 2014 adakhalanso ku Lisbon, ndipo kuyambira Julayi 2016 ku Madrid. Kuphatikiza apo, tsopano Pyrenees Lynx ili mkati ndikuwonetsedwa bwino mu National Park ya Doñana ndi Sierra de Andujar.
Palinso Iberian Lynx Reproduction Center pafupi ndi mudzi wa Vale Fuseiros, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Silves ku Portugal.
Kuswana
Ziphuphu za Pyrenean ndi nyama zapamwamba, ndiye kuti, mwamuna mmodzi sangakwatirane ndi mkazi m'modzi, koma ndi zingapo. Lynx amabereka kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yoswana ndi yayitali ndipo imagwirizana ndi estrus mwa akazi - kuyambira Januware mpaka Julayi. Mimba imatenga masiku 72 mpaka 78. Peak kubadwa kumachitika m'miyezi yoyamba ya kasupe - Marichi ndi Epulo. Monga tanena kale, wamkazi amabala pansi pa chitsamba kapenanso kuyang'ana mabowo mumphaka ya mtengo wowerengeka. Monga lamulo, ana atatu osalemera mpaka magalamu 250 amabadwa, nthawi zina amafikira asanu, gawo lokha la iwo limamwalira. Amayi okha ndi omwe aleredwa, bambo alibe chidwi ndi ana ndi ana; pafupifupi milungu itatu iliyonse, pamene ana amphaka akukula, kholo limasaka khola lalikulu ndikukokera ana pamenepo. Amachita izi kuti mbewu ikhale yotetezeka komanso, monga momwe amayembekezerera, pofuna kupewa matenda opatsirana ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana.
Kittens amadya kale nyama yaiwisi m'mwezi wawo wachiwiri wa moyo, koma amayi awo amawadyetsa mkaka mpaka miyezi isanu. Pakupita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ana aang'onowo amayamba kusaka, koma mpaka atasankha kwathunthu kusaka (pafupi miyezi 20), amakhalabe ndi amayi awo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kapangidwe ka chigaza ndi nsagwada kumathandiza kuti lynx igwire mwaluso nyama zazing'ono. Kukula kochepa komwe amaphatikiza ndi zojambulazo kumawapangitsa kukhala osaka abwino a nyama zazing'ono.
Iberian lynx ndi mlenje payekha, zomwe amadya ndi akalulu. Kwa nyama yayikulu, idyani nyama imodzi patsiku. Komanso mavu ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana, njoka, ndi mbalame zimadyedwa. Mbalame ya ku Iber ya ku Iber imagwira nsomba m'madziwe ndipo imatha kugwira ndikudya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitika kuti nyama yolusa ndi mwana wa mphonje, kapena deware kapena mouflon.
Ndi maso abwino komanso kununkhira, nthawi zambiri lynx imazungulira panthambi ya mtengo kapena m'malo obisalira miyala ndikuyembekezera gawo la wovulalayo. Mlenje wa thonje samadyera nyama nthawi yomweyo - amawachotsa pasanapite nthawi ndikumaliza. Ngati sichitha kuthana ndi nyama zonse, ndiye kuti imabisala ndipo imadyedwa mawa.
Moyo, machitidwe
Iberian lynx ndi mdyera yemwe amakhala yekhayekha. Amawonetsa zochitika madzulo, ndipo amadalira mwachindunji ntchito ya kulanda - kalulu wa Pyrenees. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kalulu amakhala moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, lynx imasinthanso m'njira yomweyo.
Nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi chiwembu chake, abambo amakhala ndi ma kilomita 18, achikazi amakhala ndi zochepa - mpaka 10. Madera awo mopitilira, kugonana kulikonse kumateteza chuma chake kwa alendo osawadziwa komanso zomwe zingawopseze. Ma lynxes amalemba malire amalo mothandizidwa ndi fungo - amalemba ndi mkodzo kapena chimbudzi, amasiya zikande pamitengo.
Ngati pali zakudya zochepa pazinthuzo, ndiye kuti ma lynxes amakhala ankhanza ndikupha nyama zina, powawona ngati akupikisana. Ozunzidwa awo ndi nkhandwe, osinja, agalu wamba, mongooses.
Zowopsa
Popeza ma Pyrenean lynxes omwe ali mumtambo wazodyera amakhala m'modzi mwamizere, alibe adani achilengedwe. Yemwe angayesedwe mdani ndi munthu. Chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola, gawo lalikulu la Spain lynx laphedwa, ndipo pakadali pano ndi magawo awiri okha a kuchuluka komwe kunalipo m'zaka za zana la 19.
Chitetezo
Iberian lynx ndi mtundu wa zinyama zomwe zikutha mofulumira. Ngati kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 kunali zolembedwa zoposa zana, ndiye pofika zaka za 20 kwambiri anthu enanso 3,000, ndipo pofika zaka za zana la 21 - nyama mazana anayi. Nyamayi yalembedwa osati m'Buku Lofiira, komanso mndandanda wamitundu yonse ndi misonkhano yoperekedwa ku nyama zomwe zatsala.
Pulogalamu yapadera yolerera lynx muukapolo idapangidwa, zomwe zipangitsa kuti zibwezeretsenso anthu.
Mawonekedwe
Lynx ya ku Iberia yaona ndi ubweya waufupi kuyambira wachikuda mpaka wofufuta, thupi lalifupi, miyendo yayitali, komanso mchira wamfupi. Ali ndi mutu waching'ono wokhala ndi makutu owoneka ngati ndevu komanso mashalubu. Kutalika kwa masamba kufota ndi masentimita 45-70, kutalika kwa lynx ndi 75-100 cm (29.4–32.3 mainchesi), kuphatikiza ndi mchira wamfupi (12-30 cm), kulemera kwa 13-25 makilogalamu. (Mapaundi 15 mpaka 35).
Amuna ali ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kulemera kuposa zazikazi, zomwe kutalika kwa mutu wawo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 68.2 mpaka 77,5 (26.9 mpaka 30,5), ndipo amatha kulemera kuyambira 9.2 mpaka 10 kg (20 mpaka 22 mapaundi).
Mitundu ya ubweya imasiyanasiyana kuchokera kumodzi ndikugawana kochepa malo ochepa malo owonjezera omwe ali m'mizere yomwe imachepa kukula kuchokera kumbuyo mpaka mbali.
Chitetezo
Iberian lynx ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosowa kwambiri yazinyama. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa 2005, anthu ake ndi anthu 100 okha. Mwachitsanzo: kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XX panali anthu pafupifupi 100,000, pofika 1960 - anali 3,000 kale, pofika 2000 - 400 okha. Ophatikizidwa ndi Zakumapeto I CITES (Msonkhano Wokhudzana ndi Zamalonda Padziko Lonse Lomwe M'madera Osiyanasiyana a Zinyama Zakuthengo ndi Zomera), komanso pamndandanda wa World Conservation Union (IUCN), m'gulu Loyamba (nyama zokhala pachiwopsezo).
Kafukufuku
Mu Ogasiti 2012, ochita kafukufuku adalengeza kuti mtundu wa Iber lynx genome unapangidwa ndikufufuzidwa. Mu Disembala 2012, zidadziwika kuti ofufuza adapeza mabwinja 466 a Iberian pazinthu zamseri ndi nyumba zakale. Komabe, akuyerekeza kuti pafupifupi 40% ya zitsanzozi zidatayika mzaka 20 zapitazi.
Mitundu yamtundu wa Iberian lynx ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi ena oimilira a feline banja (kuphatikizapo cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), mikango yamphongo za Ngorongoro ndi lynxes zaku Europe ku Scandinavia). Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kudzipatula kwa mitunduyo.
Kafukufuku wa 2013 adawonetsa kusiyanitsa kwamitundu yayikulu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa lynx ku Doñana ndi Andujar, ponse paŵiri pamaulemu komanso m'mapangidwe awo. Awa anali osiyana kwambiri ndi mbadwa zawo chifukwa chotalikirana komanso nthawi yayitali.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Kuphatikiza pa nthawi yobala, ma lynx aku Iberia amakhala ndi moyo wawekha, kuteteza malowa ake kwa anthu akunja. Kukula kwa gawo ili kuchokera pa khumi (mwa akazi) mpaka 18 (mwa abambo) km2. Malire a chiwembuwo amatha kusiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi komanso kutengera kuchuluka kwa akalulu. Dera laimuna limagawidwa pang'ono ndi zigawo zingapo zazimayi; amawalola kulowa m'gawo lawo. Iwonetsa malire a gawo lake ndi zodukiza, mkodzo, zimbudzi ndi kukwapula pamakungwa a mitengo.
Iberian Lynx ndiwosaka mwapadera, ndipo ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopezeka mosiyanasiyana ndikupha nyama yaying'ono. Ali ndi lingaliro lalifupi lomwe limakulitsa kulimba kwa fang. Kuphatikizira kwa phirili ya ku Iberia ndi kocheperako, nsagwada ndizitali komanso zazing'ono poyerekeza ndi mbewa kuposa nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri Pyrenean lynx amagwira akalulu aku Europe, omwe amapanga zakudya zambiri (79-87%), hares (14-6%) ndi makoswe (7-3%). Wamphongo amafunika kudya kalulu kamodzi patsiku, ana oyamwa amkazi amafunika kalulu atatu patsiku. Lynx amagwiritsanso ntchito nyama zouluka ndi zam'madzi, mbalame, nsomba ndi tizilombo, ndipo nthawi zina amagwirira khwawa kapena ana agwape.
M'nyengo yotentha, Spanish lynx imagwira usiku, ndipo nthawi yozizira masana. Pakakhala nyengo yoipa, amabisala m'mapanga kapena m'mitengo yathunthu. Khola lynx limayenda bwino, lakhala likuwoneka bwino ndi kununkhira - limalola kuti lynx iziwona nyama ili pamtunda wamtunda wa 300. Nyamayi ingayende mtunda wokwana makilomita asanu ndi awiri patsiku (pakusaka). Lynx nthawi zambiri amasaka munthu wobisalira - wobisalira panthambi ya mtengo, kumbuyo kwa chitsa kapena mwala, umadikira kuti wovulalayo abwere pafupi kuti adzaukire. Nyamayo imanyamula nyama yomwe imagwidwa kuchokera kumalo ophera anthu patali ndipo kenaka imayamba kudya. Gawo lomwe silinadye limachoka tsiku lotsatira.
Malo osungira
Iberian Lynx - Chimodzi mwazinthu zosowa kwambiri zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Kumayambiriro kwa XX century, panali anthu pafupifupi 100,000, pofika 1960 - anali 3,000 kale, pofika 2000 - nyama 400 zokha. Pakadali pano, chiwerengero cha lynx cha ku Iberia chikuyerekezedwa ndi anthu 250. Iberian lynx adalembedwa mu Appendix I CITES (Msonkhano wa International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna ndi Flora), komanso pamndandanda wa World Conservation Union (IUCN), m'gulu I (nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono).
Pali pulogalamu yapaubwino amphaka awa. Spain ikukonzekera kupanga malo apadera pomwe oyimilira amtunduwu adzagulitsidwe, akufuna kupanga malo omwewo ku Portugal. Mlandu woyamba wa kubereka lynx wa ku Pyrenean mu ukapolo unachitika pa Marichi 29, 2005, ndipo mu 2006 mphaka 4 zinabadwa mu ukapolo. Posachedwa, zinali zotheka kukhazikitsa mtundu wa Iberian lynx ku ukapolo ku Spain ndikumasulidwa kuthengo, ndikutumiza ku Portugal. Akatswiri a zaumoyo apeza kuti anthu ambiri akuchulukirachulukira kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2012, tsopano anthu ake ayamba kuchira. Izi zidapatsa asayansi chifukwa chosinthira nyamazo kuti ziziika m'gulu lomwe zatsala pang'ono kufa.
Ndipo, malinga ndi asayansi, a Pyrenees lynx amatha kufa pambuyo pa zaka 50. Zotsatira za ofufuzawo zalembedwa mu magazini ya Nature Climate Change. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti lynx ithe kufa ndikuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha akalulu amtchire, omwe amapanga 80-99% ya zakudya zake. Kalulu wamtchire, akumwalanso, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, myxomatosis, yomwe idachokera ku Iberia kupita ku France mu 1952, ndi malungo a hemorrhagic, komanso chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo achilengedwe omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Asayansi akuchenjeza kuti kuyesa konse kuletsa kufalikira kwa chiphalaphala cha Pyrenean sikudzakwaniritsidwa ngati zinthu zomwe zasintha komanso zomwe zikuchititsa chidwi cha kuchuluka kwa nyamayi sizikumveredwa. The Pyrenees lynx inayamba kukhala pulasitiki pang'ono posankha zakudya ndipo imapitilirabe kudya akalulu, ngakhale muzochepa kwambiri. Satha kusaka nyama zazikulu chifukwa cha kukula kwake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kuti apulumutse Pyrenean lynx (ali pangozi yotha kutha), akatswiri akuwonetsa zachilengedwe ku Germany adagwiritsa ntchito nsikidzi zakupha Triatominae. Tizilombo timeneti timagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati syringe kuti atenge magazi kuchokera kwa akazi omwe akuwaganizira kuti ali ndi pakati, malinga ndi Science News. Monga mukudziwa, chifukwa cha kupsinjika ndi kusazindikira, ana amphongo achichepere nthawi zambiri amataya ana awo oyambira, chifukwa chake asayansi amawona zinyama, kuyesera kutsatira amayi onse apakati. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi pakati, muyenera kukayezetsa magazi, koma kuti mupeze njirayi pogwiritsa ntchito syringe wamba, nyama ziyenera kusokonekera, zomwe zingayambitse kupsinjika, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wolakwika.
Nsikidzi zoyamwa magazi a subfamily Triatominae sizinasankhidwe mwamwayi. Kuphonya kwa tizilombo timeneku kumakhala kochepa thupi nthawi 30 kuposa singano yama syringe wamba. Amabweretsanso zinthu zapadera m'thupi la ozunzidwa, chifukwa nyama zomwe sizimva kuluma. Kukula kwake, nsikidzi zimakhala ndi udzudzu wambiri ndipo zimatha kuyamwa magazi ambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo ndizosavuta kuzigwira. Pofufuza magazi kuti aoneke, akatswiri opanga zinyama anaika tiziromboti m'zipinda zapadera zokhala ndi timiyalati tankhuni tomwe pansi pake m'chipindacho munkakhala lynxes. Nyama zikagona pansi, tizilombazo timazilumula kudzera mu kabati, kenako asayansiyo ankakweza ma grates, kutola kachiromboka ndikuchotsa magazi aminyama m'mimba mwawo. Zadziwika kuti nsikidzi ndi syringe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asayansi kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka atayesa njira yatsopano yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa pakati pofufuza chimbudzi cha lynx.