Ankhandwe ndi a banja la canine, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kumagawidwa m'magulu pafupifupi 50. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi nkhandwe wamba. Iye ndi wamkulu kwambiri mwa onse oimira zamtunduwu.

Dzinali limachokera ku mawu achi Slavic "nkhandwe", omwe amatanthauza "ofiira". Popeza chilombo cha lalanje, chimakhazikika pamizu.

Kufotokozera

Ankhandwe afalikira ku Russia ndi maiko ena kumene kuli malo oyenera pamoyo wawo. Chilombochi chimadyanso nyama zazing'ono, makoswe ndi tizilombo, potero kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa nyama ndikuletsa kuchulukana kwa mtundu wina. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kukhalabe ndi chilengedwe.

Kunja, nkhandwe ndiyosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi zitsulo zina zonse chifukwa cha mtundu wake wofiira wowala. Izi zimakonda kutembenukira kwa adani, chifukwa zimatha kuwonekera ngakhale kudzera m'nkhalango yowirira.

Mawonekedwe

Maonekedwe a nkhandwe zimatengera mwachindunji nyengo yomwe imakhala. M'madera otentha, nyama izi zimamera zochepa komanso zimakhala ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje. M'malo ozizira, anthu akuluakulu amapezeka omwe amavala ubweya wa lalanje.

Mimba ya nyama yolusa ndi yopepuka, ndipo miyendo yake ndi yakuda. Mtundu wa mchira nthawi zambiri umakhala wowoneka bwino kwambiri, kuphatikiza zingwe za lalanje, zofiirira komanso zoyera. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kukula mpaka 80cm komanso kutalika kwa 40 cm. Kulemera kumasiyana kuyambira 6 mpaka 10 kg.

Moyo ndi Khalidwe

Ankhandwe amakonda kukhala m'matumba okhala ndi wamwamuna wachikulire, wamkazi ndi ana awo. M'malo mwake, ozidyawa amakhala m'mabanja athunthu. Monga nyumba, amasankha gawo lomwe kuli chakudya chokwanira ndipo pali malo okumba maenje. Mapeto ake, nkhandwe zimakhala, ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kulowa dzenje lopangidwa ndi chilombo china. Milandu yalembedwa momwe olusa adakhazikitsa gawo la pansi pamiyala yopanga ndi mabulangete ndipo adakhalapo limodzi osagwirizana. Pokhala m'gawolo, nkhandwe zimatha kukumba mabowo angapo kumka ku chisa chimodzi chomwe chiri pansi pamtunda.

Ngati chifukwa china nkhandweyo imakhala yokha, siyingakumba bowo nkomwe, pogwiritsa ntchito udzu wakuda, chipale chofewa, etc.

M'moyo wawo, nyama zambiri zimakonda kugona. Ndi maso opambana, amawoneka bwino mumdima, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wolondola nyama. Kupita kokasaka, nkhandwe imakonda kuyenda molunjika kuti isasochere.

Kodi nkhandwe imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mwachilengedwe, nkhandwe zimakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10. Pazinthu zosafunikira, nthawi ya moyo imachuluka. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, nyama zimatha kukhalapo kwa zaka 20, chifukwa sizifunika kusaka tsiku lililonse, kudziika pachiwopsezo chokumana ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana ndikutopa thupi.

Mawu a Fox

Ankhandwe amapanga pafupifupi zopanda phokoso, amakonda kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito fungo. Wina akafuna kusiya uthenga wina kuti awatsalitse, umayika m'deralo ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga thupi.

Komabe, ngati mdani amafunikabe kutulutsa mawu, ndiye kuti imayamba kuyamba kulira kapena kuwuwa. Mawu a amuna ndi akazi ndi osiyanasiyana. Zoyambazo zimapanga mawu osalala komanso owoneka bwino, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi mawu okoma. Mutha kumva nkhandwe nthawi ngati imeneyi ili pangozi, kapena nkhawa.

Kusuntha

Pamalo opanda phokoso, chilombo chimayenda ndi mayendedwe owongoka, pafupifupi pamiyendo yake yokulira kwathunthu. Asodzi odziwa kusaka amatha kudziwa momwe phazi limayendera m'chipale chofewa ndi njira yaying'ono yomwe ikupendekeka mosalekeza.

Kuona nyama, nkhandwe imakhala pafupi kwambiri pansi ndikuyamba kuyandikira pang'onopang'ono. Atadikirira mphindi yoyenera, alumphira kutsogolo, ndikuukira chandamale. Poyendetsa bwino, nyama zotsogola zimagwiritsa ntchito mchira wautali womwe umakhala ngati mkondo. Zimakuthandizani kuti mukhale osasunthika komanso kuti mukhale osinthasintha, ngati kupanga mwadzidzidzi kwasankha kuthamangira kumbali.

Nkhandwe zimatha kununkhiza komanso kumva, motero zimatha kudziwa malo omwe zidagulapo ngakhale zisanawone. Izi zimathandiza kugwada nthawi yomweyo ndikuyamba kuchepetsa mtunda.

Habitat - nkhandwe umakhala kuti?

Ankhandwe amakhala pafupifupi konse zigawo za Russia, amasankha nkhalango ndi zigwa ngati malo awo okhala. Chifukwa cha ubweya wofunda, amatha kupulumuka ngakhale kuzizira, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, adziwotha ndi chithandizo cha mchira wofunda. Komanso nkhandwe zimakhazikika bwino m'mapiri komanso tundra, kusintha nyengo ndi malo okhala.

Mitundu ya nkhandwe za mtundu wa Vulpes

Mtundu wa nkhandwe za Vulpes ndiwofala kwambiri komanso wofala pakati pa mabowo, omwe ndi mitundu 12 ya nkhandwe. Oimira mtunduwu amatha kupezeka kumpoto kutali, komanso ku South America, komanso ku Europe, ndi ku Africa, ndi ku Asia.

Makhalidwe a nkhandwe za mtundu wa Vulpes ndi lingaliro lowongoka, makutu okhazikika kwamtali, mchira wautali komanso wosalala, lathyathyathya lachifaniziro poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa Canis. Utoto wa nsonga ya mchira nthawi zambiri umasiyana ndi utoto waukulu. Pa chopondera pakati pa maso ndi mphuno pali zolembedwa zakuda patatu.

Nkhandwe wamba Vulpes vulpes

Pakadali pano pali masamba pafupifupi 48 a nkhandwe wamba, omwe amagawidwa kuchokera ku Arctic Circle kupita ku zipululu za Asia ndi North Africa ndi Central America. Amawonetsedwa ku Australia. Mtunduwu ndiwofala kwambiri mwakuti ndiwomwe ungakhale pulasitiki yambiri kuposa onse omwe amadyera.

Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 75, mchira - 40-69 masentimita, kulemera kumatha kufika 10 kg. Chophimbacho ndichotupa kuyerekeza ndi moto wofiira pamwambapa, komanso choyera mpaka chakuda pansi. Nthawi zambiri nsonga ya mchira imakhala yoyera. Pali mitundu ya siliva ndi mitundu ina.

Bengal (indian) nkhandwe Vulpes bengalensis

Mukukhala India, Pakistan, Nepal. Imasungidwa pamiyala, nkhalango zowala, zitsamba zaminga ndi mapiri mpaka 1350 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 45-60 cm, mchira - 25-35 cm, kulemera - 1.8-3.2 kg. Mtundu wa chovala chachifupi chotere ndi chofiira pamchenga, miyendo ndiyoterera, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yakuda.

Nkhandwe yaku South Africa Vulpes chama

Kugawidwa ku Africa kumwera kwa Zimbabwe ndi Angola. Mutha kukumana naye kumapiri ndi m'matanthwe.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 45-60 cm, mchira - 30-40 cm, kulemera - 3.5-4.5 kg. Mtunduwu ndi wofiirira wa buluu wofiirira wokhala ndi siliva-imvi kumbuyo, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi wakuda, palibe chigoba chamaso chamdima.

Korsak Vulpes corsac

Amapezeka mu steppe zone ya kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Russia, ku Central Asia, Mongolia, ku Transbaikalia kumpoto kwa Manchuria ndi kumpoto kwa Afghanistan.

Kunja, corsac ndi yofanana ndi nkhandwe wamba, koma yocheperako. Kutalika kwa thupi 50-60 masentimita, mchira 22-35 masentimita, kulemera kwa 2,5 kg. Chovacho chimakhala cha mtundu wa bulauni; chibacho chimayera kapena chikasu pang'ono. Chikhalidwe cha Korsak ndi chachikulu, masheya otchuka.

Mbidzi ya ku Tibet Vulpes ferrilata

Amakhala m'matanthwe a mapiri atali (4500-4800 m kumtunda kwa nyanja) ya Tibet ndi Nepal.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 60-67 cm, mchira - 28-32 masentimita, kulemera - 4-5,5 kg. Thupi ndi makutu amapaka utoto wonyezimira wonenepa, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yoyera. Mutu wautali komanso wopapatiza umawoneka wokulira chifukwa cha kolala yakuda komanso yolimba. Mafangayi ndiwotambalala.

Nkhandwe yaku Africa Vulpes pallida

Imakhala kumpoto kwa Africa kuchokera ku Nyanja Yofiira kufikira Atlantic, kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Sudan ndi Somalia. Amakhala m'madambo.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 40-45 cm, mchira - 27-30 cm, kulemera - 2.5-2.7 kg. Chovala ndichachifupi komanso chocheperako. Thupi ndi makutu ndi zofiirira zachikasu, miyendo ndi yofiyira, nsonga ya mchira ndiyakuda. Palibe zilembo pankhope.

Nkhandwe Vulpes rueppellii

Amapezeka ku Morocco kupita ku Afghanistan, kumpoto kwa Cameroon, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Nigeria, Chad, Congo, Somalia, Egypt, Sudan. Mumakhala chipululu.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 40-52 cm, mchira - 25-35 masentimita, kulemera - 1.7-2 kg. Chovala ndi mchenga wotumbululuka, nsonga ya mchira ndiyoyera, pali malo akuda pamizu. Ili ndi makutu akulu omwe amathandizira kutentha kwa thupi, ndipo ubweya womwe umakhala pamatumba a paws umathandizira kuyenda pamchenga wotentha.

American corsac Vulpes velox

Zimachitika kuchokera ku Texas kupita ku South Dakota. Kuyambira 1900 mpaka 1970 Mtunduwu udapezeka kumpoto kwa Great Plains, ku Canada, koma, zikuwoneka kuti, corsac yaku America idawonongeratu: mu 1928 nkhandwe idazimiririka ku Saskatchewan, ndipo mu 1938 kuchokera ku chigawo cha Alberta. Komabe, tsopano adapangidwanso bwino pamunda waku Canada.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 37-53 cm, mchira - 22-35 masentimita, kulemera - 2-3 kg. Chovala chija ndi chaimvi m'dzinja, chofiyira chilimwe, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yakuda, pali mawanga akuda m'mbali mwa muzzle.

Nkhandwe yaku America Vulpes macrotis

Pamakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mexico komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa USA. Mumakhala mapiri ndi mapiri owuma.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 38-50 cm, mchira - 22-30 cm, kulemera - 1.8-3 kg. Chovalacho chili ndi utoto wofiirira, miyendo yake ndi yotupa. Mchira wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda, fluffy kwambiri.

Nkhandwe ya ku Afghan Vulpes cana

Ku Afghanistan, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran, Balochistan, anthu akutali amadziwika ku Israel. Mutha kukumana naye kumapiri.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 42-48 cm, mchira - 30-35 masentimita, kulemera - 1.5-3 kg. Mtundu nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana mumdima, nthawi yozizira - brownish-imvi. Mabadi a bare paw ndimasinthidwa kuti azikhala malo okhala otsetsereka.

Fenech Vulpes zerda

Nthawi zina imadzipatula mu mtundu wa Fennecus chifukwa cha makutu akulu, chigaza chozungulira ndi mano ang'ono. Amakhala ku North Africa, kudutsa Sahara kummawa kupita ku Sinai ndi Arabia. Miyoyo mchipululu.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 24-41 cm, mchira - 18-31 cm, kulemera - 0,9-1,5 kg. Fenech ndiye chaching'ono kwambiri pa nkhandwe zonse. Mtundu wa chovalachi ndi kirimu, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yakuda. Ma pallet ali pansi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi Fenech ndikuti makutu ake akuluakulu, omwe amapanga 20% ya thupi, amathandizira nyamayo kuziziritsa pakatentha masana (kutentha kwambiri, ziwiya m'makutu zimakulira, ndikuwonjezera kutulutsa). Komabe, matenthedwe pansi pa 20 ° C Fenech amayamba kunjenjemera chifukwa cha kuzizira.

Nkhandwe ya Arctic (polar fox) Vulpes (Alopex) lagopus

Gulu la asayansi amakono nthawi zina limatchulanso mtundu wa nkhandwe za arctic ngati mtundu wa nkhandwe. Nkhandwe ya Arctic imakhala m'malo ozungulira, tundra ndi zigawo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 53-55 cm, mchira - 30-32 cm, kulemera - 3.1-3.8 kg. Pali mitundu iwiri: "yoyera", yomwe imawoneka ngati ya bulauni nthawi ya chilimwe, ndi "buluu", nthawi yotentha imakhala yotuwa. Ubweya wake ndi wandiweyani, 70% ndiwotentha. Mbawala za ku Arctic zimatha kupewa kuzizira.

Genus Urocyon (Nkhandwe za Grey)

Makoswe nkhandwe Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Amapezeka kuchokera pakati pa USA kupita ku madera, kuchokera kumwera mpaka ku Venezuela, kuchokera kumpoto kupita ku Ontario.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 52-69 masentimita, mchira - 27-45 cm, kulemera - 2.5-7 kg. Utoto wonyezimira, wokhala ndi makofi am'maso, oyera, paws tawny. Tsitsi lakuda lolimba limayendetsa mbali ya pansi pa mchira.

Chilumba cha pachilumba Urocyon littoralis

Kugawidwa pa Channel Islands pafupi ndi California.

Mtundu waung'ono kwambiri wa nkhandwe womwe umakhala ku United States. Kutalika kwa thupi - 48-50 cm, mchira - 12-29 masentimita, kulemera - 1.2-2.7 kg. Wakunja wofanana ndi nkhandwe yaimvi, koma wotsika kwa iye kukula kwake. Mbawala ya pachilumbachi nthawi zambiri imakhala yotopetsa.

Genus Otocyon (Makutu a Fox)

Fox Big Ex Otocyon megalotis

Magulu awiri akudziwika: umodzi umapezeka kuchokera kumwera kwa Zambia kupita ku South Africa, ndipo wina kuchokera ku Ethiopia kupita ku Tanzania. Zokonzekera zimatseguka malo.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 46-58 cm, mchira - 24-34 cm, kulemera - 3-4,5 kg. Mtunduwu umayambira imvi mpaka chikasu chakuda, pamakhala zipsera zakuda pamizu, nsonga za makutu ndi matako, ndi "lamba" kumbuyo. Makutu ndi akulu (mpaka 12 cm). Nkhandwe yayikulu-yared imasiyana ndi mitundu ina pamapangidwe achilendo a mano ake: mano ake ndi ofooka, koma palimodzi ndi ma molars owonjezera kuchuluka kwawo ndi 46-50. Zakudya zamtunduwu ndizachilendo kwambiri: chakudya chake ndi tizilombo 80%, makamaka kafadala ndi chiswe.

Dusicyon genus (nkhandwe zaku South America)

Kukhazikika kwa nkhandwe zamtundu wa Dusicyon ndizochepa ku South America. Utoto nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi timatanda tachikopa. Chigoba chimakhala chachitali komanso chaching'ono, makutu amakhala akulu, mchira wake ndiwofewa.

Andean nkhandwe Dusicyon (pseudalopex) culpaeus

Amakhala ku Andes, kuyambira ku Ecuador ndi Peru kupita pachilumba cha Tierra del Fuego. Imapezeka m'mapiri ndi mapepala.

Kutengera ndi subspecies, kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 115 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira ndi 30-45 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 4.5-11 kg. Msana ndi mapewa ake ndi imvi, mutu, khosi, makutu ndi matako ndi thunzi, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yakuda.

Nkhandwe yaku South America Dusicyon (pseudalopex) griseus

Amakhala ku Andes, makamaka anthu amakhala ku Argentina ndi Chile. Miyoyo yokhala m'munsi kwambiri kuposa nkhandwe ya Andean.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 42-68 cm, mchira - 31-36 cm, kulemera - 4.4 kg. Utoto wowongolera imvi, mbali zotsika za thupi mopepuka.

Nkhandwe ya ku Paraguay Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) gymnocercus

Amakhala pampas ku Paraguay, Chile, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, kuyambira kumwera kudutsa kummawa kwa Argentina kupita ku Rio Negro.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 62-65 masentimita, mchira - 34-36 cm, kulemera - 4.8-6.5 kg.

Nkhandwe yotchedwa securan Dusicyon (pseudalopex) sechurae

Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto kwa Peru ndi kumwera kwa Ecuador.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 53-59 cm, mchirawo ndi pafupifupi 25 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 4.5-4.7 kg. Chovalachi ndi imvi yopepuka, nsonga ya mchira ndiyakuda.

Mbidzi ya ku Brazil Dusicyon (pseudalopex) vetulus

Amakhala kumwera ndi pakati Brazil.

Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 60 cm, mchira - pafupifupi 30 cm, kulemera makilogalamu 2.7-4. Phokoso laling'ono, mano ndi ochepa. Mtundu wovala thupi lakumaso ndi imvi, m'mimba nzoyera. Pali mzere wakuda pa dorsal pamwamba pa mchira.

Nkhandwe ya Darwin Dvizon (Pseudalopex) maulendo apamwamba

Ikupezeka pachilumba cha Chiloe komanso ku Nauelbuta National Park, ku Chile.

Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 60 cm, mchira - 26 cm, kulemera pafupifupi 2 kg. Chovala chakumtunda chakumtunda ndi imvi yakuda, khosi ndi m'mimba ndizotuwa zonona. Mitunduyo ili pangozi.

Ali paulendo mu sitima mu 1831, Charles Darwin adagula buku la nkhandwe, yomwe pambuyo pake idalandira dzina lake. Munkhani yake, adalemba kuti pachilumba cha Chiloe, "nkhandwe ya mtunduwu, womwe umadziwika kuti ndiwopezeka pachilumbachi ndipo ndiwosowa kwambiri pamenepa, ndipo sunanenedwebe ngati mtundu wamtunduwu, wagwidwa." Ngakhale Darwin amadziwa kupadera kwa nkhandwe iyi, yomwe idatsimikiziridwa posachedwa, momwe nyamayi idakhalira sichidziwika bwinobwino. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda, pafupifupi dzimbiri la mutu komanso miyendo yochepa.

Mikong Dusicyon (Cerdocyon) thous

Kugawidwa kuchokera ku Colombia ndi Venezuela kumpoto kwa Argentina ndi Paraguay. M'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango.

Kutalika kwa thupi - 60-70 cm, mchira - 28-30 masentimita, kulemera -5-8 kg.

Chovala chija chimakhala chofiirira, makutu ali akuda, mchira wokhala ndi lingwe lakuda ndi chinsalu choyera, mapiritsi amatumphuka ndi akulu, kupindika ndi kochepa.

Nkhandwe yaifupi (nkhandwe yaying'ono kapena nkhandwe yaifupi) Dusicyon (Atelocynus) Microtis

Amakhala munkhalango zotentha za mitsinje ya Orinoco ndi Amazon. Imapezeka ku Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela ndi Brazil.

Kutalika kwa thupi --72-100 cm, mchira - 25-35 masentimita, kulemera mpaka 9 kg. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda, makutu ndi afupi komanso ozungulira. Mano ake ndi aatali komanso amphamvu. Ulemu wa mphaka.

Zothandiza: Maamamoni: Full Illustrated Encyclopedia / Translator. Kuchokera ku Chingerezi / Buku. I. Nyama zam'madzi, zolengedwa zam'madzi, anyani, tupai, mapiko aubweya. / Mkonzi. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", - 2007.

Nkhandwe wamba

Mwa nkhandwe zonse, amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamkulu kwambiri kukula kwake. Thupi limafika kutalika kwa 90 cm, kulemera - mpaka 10 kg. Amakhala pafupifupi gawo lonse la Eurasia, kupatula kumwera kwenikweni kwa Asia - India komanso gawo la China. Ndikosavuta kukumana ku North America (kuchokera ku madera am'mapiri kupita kumadera otentha), komanso kumpoto kwa Africa - ku Egypt, Algeria, Morocco komanso kumpoto kwa Tunisia.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi msana wofiyira wamoto, mimba yoyera ngati chipale, ndi miyendo yofiirira. Kutali kwakumpoto kwa malo okhala, kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kolemera kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kachulukidwe.

Nkhandwe yotchuka yofiirira yakuda imapezeka pafupi ndi kumpoto. Zoyimira zakumwera ndizocheperako komanso zoyenda.Makutu amdima ndi nsonga yoyera ya mchira wokongola - mawonekedwe apamwamba pa keke yokhala ndi nkhandwe.

Tizilombo tokhala ngati chopondera, tinthu tating'ono, miyendo ndi yopyapyala komanso yotsika. Kukhetsa kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Pambuyo pakugwa, ubweya watsopano umakula, wokongola kwambiri kuposa woyamba. Makutu a nkhandwe ndi chida chofunikira, mothandizidwa ndi iwo amagwira mawu osabisika ndipo amapeza nyama mosavuta.

Makoko ang'onoang'ono amasakidwa okha, ndipo olusa amawamva kudzera m'chipale chofewa, amalondola ndi kukuta chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa ndimatayala awo. Kusaka uku kumatchedwa mbewa, ndipo nkhandweyo yapambana kwambiri. Itha kugwiranso chinyama chokulirapo - khwangwala wopondera kapena ana.

Nkhandweyo sidzasowa mbalame ngati itamufika iye pakusaka. Komanso, amadya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake, nsomba, zomera ndi mizu, zipatso ndi zipatso, ndipo ngakhale mitembo ya nyama. Chilombo champhamvu konsekonse, ngati nkhandwe zonse. Amasungidwa ndi mabanja akuluakulu, ofanana ndi madera ang'onoang'ono.

Burrows ikudzikha yokha, kapena ikakhala m'miyala yoyenda ndi marm. Nyumbazi zimakhala ndi mipata ingapo yotuluka komanso njira zowoneka bwino, komanso zipinda zingapo zogona. Koma amakhala m'malo obisala pokhapokha panthawi yodyetsa ana, kenako ndikubisala m'mavuto.

Ndipo nthawi yotsalayo amakonda kukhala padziko lapansi, kubisala mu udzu kapena pansi pa chisanu. Mbeu zam'mimba zimaberekedwa kamodzi pachaka, ndipo mkazi yekha wabwino ndi wathanzi wokonzekera kubereka. Odwala amathawa chaka chino.

Kuyambira ana agalu 5 mpaka 13 amabadwa, makolo osamala amawasamalira pamodzi. Kuthengo, nkhandwe zimakhala zaka 7, m'malo otetezeka a zoo - mpaka 18-25. Nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa chifukwa cha matenda owopsa omwe amatha kufalikira pakati pa nyama zina - matenda a chiwewe, mliri wa zilombo ndi nkhanambo.

American corsac

Chimbudzi nkhandwe kapena nkhandwe. Makulidwewo ndi ochepa - thupilo ndi lalitali mpaka theka la mita, kukula kwake kwa mchira ndi 30 cm wina, ndipo misa sapitirira 3 kg. Mtundu wodziwika umakhala wonyezimira pokha ndipo wamtambo wachikasu pazithunzi. M'miyezi yotentha, mtundu umakhala wowala. Amakhala ku United States, kum'mawa kwa Rocky Mapiri a Cordillera system.

Masamba okondedwa ndi masitepe, mapiri amtchire kapena mapepala okhala ndi udzu. Amatha kusamukira kwina, kotero samalemba zomwe ali nazo. Zowona, abambo amasamukira nthawi zambiri, atsikana amakhala ndikusamalira kwawo, kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 5 sq. Km. Kupanga ana kumwera kwa United States kumayamba mu Disembala, kumpoto - mu Marichi.

Korsaki amasamala kwambiri, moyo wawo sawerengera pang'ono. Ndi malingaliro owopsa, amathawa mwachangu mpaka 60 km / h. Chifukwa cha izi, amatchedwa "nkhandwe zachangu." Ubweya sukutchuka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe oyipa komanso kakang'ono kakang'ono pakhungu.

Koma iwonso nthawi zambiri amagwera mumsampha wa nkhandwe wamba ndi nkhandwe. Chiwerengero cha Korsaks m'zaka zaposachedwa chikucheperachepera, atsala pang'ono kupita ku Canada, komwe anthu ambiri anawonedwa. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa akhoza kulembedwa mu Red Book.

Nkhandwe ya ku Afghan

Dzina lina - Balochistan kapena Bukhara nkhandwe. Chilombo chaching'ono, chokulirapo komanso cholemera thupi, chili pafupi ndi American corsac. Kukula kwa mchirawo kuli pafupifupi kutalika kwa thupi. Mtundu wake ndi wonyezimira komanso wokutira wakuda kumbuyo ndi mchira. Itha kutchedwa nkhandwe ndi maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mphaka.

Phokoso limawoneka ngati mphaka, lalifupi kuposa nkhandwe zina. M'malo mwake makutu akulu amabzalidwa pamutu, omwe samangokhala ngati malo, komanso amathandizanso kuziziritsa thupi pakuwotha. Kupatula apo, malo ogawa nyamayi imagwera madera ambiri - Middle East, kumwera kwa Arabia, kumpoto ndi gawo la pakati pa Africa.

Kuchulukana kwambiri kumagwera gawo la Afghanistan, kum'mawa kwa Iran ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Hindustan Peninsula. Kumpoto mitunduyo imadzaza ndi nkhandwe wamba. Zomera zimawonjezeredwa pamlingo wambiri pamankhwala osiyanasiyana, choyamba, chifukwa chinyezi zomwe zili mkati mwake, ndipo chachiwiri, mu nyengo yotentha iwo amalimbikitsa chimbudzi.

Nkhandwe yaku Africa

Ndi thupi ndi kochepa kakang'ono ka nkhandwe wamba. Mtundu wake ndi "fumbi", mchenga wamchenga, wophimba chilengedwe. Pafupifupi adaphunzira mpaka pano, koma zidakhazikitsidwa kuti amakhalanso m'mabanja ndipo amakumba malo akulu akulu mpaka mita 15 kutalika mpaka mita 3 kuya. Kugawidwa m'chigawo chapakati cha Africa, kumwera kwa Sahara.

Amakhala pagulu lalikulu kuyambira pagombe la Atlantic kupita kugombe la Indian Ocean. Amakhala m'mchenga kapena m'zipululu zamiyala, nthawi zina amatha kukhala pafupi ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri amathandizira kuthamangitsidwa kunyumba za nkhuku. Zikuwoneka kuti, zakudya zopanda pake zimawakakamiza kuti apeze chakudya kuchokera kwa anthu. Sakhala mu ukapolo kwanthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka zitatu; mu ufulu amatha kukhala ndi zaka 6.

Fox: Kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi nkhandwe imawoneka bwanji?

Nkhandwe ndi nyama yolusa, ndi ya banja la canine, ndiye kuti, ndi wachibale wakutali wa nkhandwe ndi galu woweta.

Kukula kwa nkhandwe kumatengera mitundu yake ndipo zimasiyana 18 cm (kwa nkhandwe yaying'ono kwambiri - Fenech) mpaka 90 cm. Cholemera cha nkhandweyo chimasinthanso - kuyambira 0,7 mpaka 10 kg. Ankhandwe onse amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera - mawonekedwe apamwamba, thupi lopendekera, koma ndi miyendo yayifupi.

Ndipo nkhandwe iliyonse yabwino imakhala ndi mchira wofiyira. Mchira wolimba kwambiri wa nkhandwewu sunangopangidwa mwachilengedwe kuti ukhale wokongola, komanso umagwira ntchito zofunikira, umakhala wolimba pakuthamanga, ndipo nthawi yozizira ungatenthe kukonzanso mbuye wake. Kutalika kwa mchira wa nkhandwe kutengera mitundu yake, pafupifupi ndi 40-60 cm.

Kumva nkhandwe, komanso tanthauzo la kununkhira kumapangidwa bwino, ndizotheka kuti nyamazo zimadalira kwambiri pakusaka. Ponena masomphenyawa, kamapangidwanso bwino, kuwonjezera apo, kosinthidwa ndikukhala ndi moyo wamadzulo ndipo kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muwoneke bwino. Koma chomwe chimangokubwezerani masomphenyawo ndi chakuti sikutha kuzindikira mitundu. Nkhandwe imakhala ndi mano 42 mkamwa mwake, kupatulapo nkhandwe yayikulu, yomwe imakhala ndi mano 48.

Thupi la nkhandweyo limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiira, kachulukidwe ka tsitsi kameneka kamatengera mtundu wa nkhandwe ndi malo omwe amakhalamo, ndipo amathanso kusintha kutengera nthawi ya chaka. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mu nkhandwe zomwe zimakhala m'malo ovuta a kumpoto, nthawi yozizira ubweya umakhala wonenepa komanso wowotcha, chilimwe, ulemu kwa fox fur umachepa.

Kodi nkhandwe imakhala kuti?

Ankhandwe amakhala m'malo ambiri, amatha kupezeka munkhalango za ku Europe, Asia, North America, North Africa komanso Australia. Ankhandwe amakhala m'nkhalango zathu za ku Ukraine. M'maso mwa anthu, nkhandwe nthawi zambiri zimabisala m'makola, omwe amadziimba okha, kapena osadana nazo kuti azitole ku nyama zina. Muthanso kukumana nawo m'mapanga komanso m'maenje akuluakulu a mitengo.

Kufalitsa

Nkhandwe ndi yofalikira kwambiri: ku Europe konse, North Africa (Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, kumpoto kwa Tunisia), ambiri aku Asia (mpaka kumpoto kwa India, kumwera kwa China ndi Indochina), ku North America kuchokera ku Arctic zone kupita kugombe lakumpoto kwa Gulf of Mexico. Nkhandweyo idakonzedwanso ku Australia ndipo idafalikira konsekonse, kupatula madera ena akumpoto omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yofunda.

Poyamba anthu amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ina ya nkhandwe imakhala ku America, koma posachedwa idawonedwa ngati nkhandwe ya red fox.

Ecology

Mtundu ndi kukula kwa nkhandwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwake komanso mitundu yayikulu ya moyo m'magawo ake. Ndikokwanira kunena kuti nkhandwe zimakhalamo, momwe ziliri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, malo onse okhala, kuyambira m'nkhalango zamtundra komanso mpaka kumapeto kwa mapiri, komanso mapiri, kuphatikizapo mapiri kumapiri onse. Komanso nkhandwe sizimapezeka kuthengo kokha, komanso malo azikhalidwe, komanso kunja kwa mizinda, kuphatikiza zikuluzikulu (monga Kiev ndi Warsaw, ku London nkhandwe ndizofala kwambiri panja, ndipo nthawi zina zimawonekera pakati pakazungulira mzindawo) . Komanso, nthawi zina, m'tawuni, nkhandwe imapeza malo abwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizinda yanyumba, m'mapaki komanso pansi.

M'madera onse osiyanasiyananso, nkhandwe imakonda malo otseguka, komanso malo omwe muli malo osiyanasiyana, mapepala, mapiri ndi mitsinje, makamaka ngati nthawi yozizira chipale chofewa sichikhala chakuya kwambiri komanso chosalala. Chifukwa chake, kumadera onse achizungu, nkhandwe zimakhala kwambiri mu nkhokwe ndi nkhalangozi, osati m'nkhalango.

Nkhandwe ndi chinyama chokhazikika. M'malo ambiri, sakhala ndi kusamuka nthawi zonse. Milandu ya izi imadziwika mu tundra, zipululu komanso mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe imodzi yotchedwa Malozemelskaya tundra (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia) pambuyo pake idaphedwa pamtunda wa makilomita 600 kumwera chakumadzulo. Zinyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi khola la kholo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa mtunda wa 2-5 mpaka 15-30 km kuchokera pamenepo.

Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe chimasiyanasiyana kwambiri patapita zaka zambiri. Mkhalidwe wake umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa makoswe, nyengo ya nyengo, kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana mwa anthu. M'mazaka anjala, osati chonde chokha chimatsika ndipo ana agalu ochepa amakhala ndi moyo, komanso zimachitika zomwe zimakhala zabwino pakufalikira kwa ma epizootic, omwe nthawi zina amakhala malo akulu. Ma epizootic okhala ndi nkhandwe ndi matenda a chiwewe, mliri wakudya, zilonda.

Kuthengo, nkhandwe sizimakhala zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi ziwiri, nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zaka zitatu. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama zimakhala zaka 20-25.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Nkhandwe, ngakhale ndiyachilengedwe, imadyetsa zakudya zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Mwa zakudya zomwe amadya, mitundu yoposa 400 ya nyama yokha yadziwika, osawerengetsa mitundu yambiri yazomera. Kulikonse, maziko a zakudya zake ndizochepa makoswe, makamaka ma voles. M'modzi anganene kuti kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama zodyerazi kumadalira kuchuluka kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Izi zikugwira ntchito makamaka nthawi yachisanu, pomwe nkhandwe imakhala ndikusaka ma voles: nyamayo, ikamanunkhiza nthito pansi pa chipale chofewa, imamvetsera kapena kugwedezeka, kenako ikunjenjemera mwachangu mu chipale chofewa, kapena kumwaza miyendo yake, kuyesera kugwira nyama. Njira yosaka iyi imatchedwa mbewa.

Zinyama zazikuluzikulu, makamaka za mahatchi, zimagwira gawo laling'ono kwambiri pazakudya, ngakhale nthawi zina nkhandwe zimazigwira (makamaka hare), ndipo mitembo imatha kudya nthawi yamwala. Nthawi zina nkhandwe zazikulu zimatha kulimbana ndi ana agwape. Mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nkhandwe sizofunikira kwenikweni ngati makoswe, ngakhale nyama yolusa imeneyi sidzasowa mwayi wogwira mbalame yomwe idawoneka pansi (kuyambira yaying'ono mpaka yayikulu, mwachitsanzo atsekwe ndi capercaillie), komanso kuwononga kuyikira mazira kapena anapiye othawa. Nkhandwe imatha kulanda nkhuku, koma, malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri owonera zanyama, imachita izi nthawi zambiri kuposa zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira.

M'mapululu ndi m'malo owuma, ankhandwe nthawi zambiri amasaka zokwawa. Ku Canada ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Eurasia, nkhandwe zomwe zimakhala m'mitsinje yayikulu panthawi yake zimadyetsa pafupifupi 100% ya nsomba zomwe zimafa zitamera. M'chilimwe, nkhandwe zimadya nsikidzi ndi tizilombo tina, komanso, mofunitsitsa, mphutsi zawo. Mu nthawi zaanjala, nthawi zambiri amadya zovunda.

Zakudya za mmera - zipatso, zipatso, zipatso, ndi zina zochepa za masamba - ndizimodzi mwazinthu zokhala ndi nkhandwe pafupifupi kulikonse, koma koposa zonse kum'mwera kwa mitunduyi, paliponse pomwe palibe gawo lofunikira pakudya kwa oimira amtunduwu. Amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu za oat, kudya zipatsozi ngati mkaka wakucha. [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1963 ]

Kuswana

Monga nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi ya nyama zodzigulitsa zomwe zimasamba kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yamatsenga ndi magwiridwe ake zimatengera nyengo komanso kunenepa kwa nyama. Pali zaka zomwe mpaka 60% ya akazi amasiyidwa opanda ana.

Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, nkhandwe zimayamba kufufuza malo kuti ziziswana nyama zazing'ono, ndikuzisamalira mwachangu. Mabowo opanda eni panthawiyi kulibe, pakufa mkazi m'modzi, nyumba yake imakhala yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimasamaliridwa ndi abambo awiri kapena atatu, ndewu zamagazi zimachitika pakati pawo.

Ankhandwe ndi makolo abwino. Amuna amatenga nawo gawo pantchito yophunzitsira ana, komanso amasamalira atsikana ngakhale asanafike ankhandwe. Amapanganso zingwe, ndipo amatha kugwira nthengo zazikazi. Pankhani ya kumwalira kwa abambo ake, bambo wina wosakwatiwa amakhala m'malo mwake, nthawi zina nkhandwe zimamenyananso pakati pawo kuti apeze ufulu wokhala bambo wopeza.

Mimba mu nkhandwe imakhala masiku 49-58. Mu ana, pali ana kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 12 mpaka 13 mpaka 1213. Kunja, amafanana ndi ana amphongo, koma amasiyanasiyana nsonga yoyera ya mchira. Pakatha milungu iwiri, nkhandwe zimayamba kuwona ndi kumva, mano awo woyamba amaphulika. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali polera ana nkhandwe. Abambo ndi amayi ali osamalitsa kwambiri panthawiyi, ndipo zikafuna kuwopseza, ana awo adzasamutsira dzenje posungira. Ayeneranso kusaka nthawi yonse kuti adyetse ana. Tizilombo tating'ono timayamba kuyiyamwa molawirira "mnyumba" ndipo nthawi zambiri timakumana kutali ndi iyo, tidakali aang'ono.

Mwezi ndi theka, mayi amadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka, kuwonjezera apo, makolowo amapitilira ana awo pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chakudya, komanso kupeza. Posakhalitsa, ankhandwe achikulirewo amayamba kusaka ndi abambo ndi amayi awo, akusewera pakati pawo, akuvulaza akulu, nthawi zina amaika banja lonse pangozi. Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yatsika kuchokera nthawi yachikhalidwe mpaka kutuluka komaliza. Pofika nthawi yophukira, nkhandwe zimakula bwino ndipo zimatha kukhala palokha. Amuna amapita makilomita 20 mpaka 40, chachikazi 10-15, osowa makilomita 30, kufunafuna malo ndi awiri. Azimayi ena kuyambira chaka chamawa amayamba kubereka, mulimonse, amafika pausinkhu wazaka ziwiri.

Khalidwe

Nkhandwe ikusunthira mwakacheteka ikulondola mzere wowongoka, ikusiya njira zingapo zowatsata. Nyama yamanyazi imatha kuthamanga mwachangu kwambiri, pagulu kapena kutumphuka pansi, ndikutambasulira mchira wake kwathunthu. Mwa mphamvu za nkhandwe, malingaliro okoma kwambiri a kununkhiza ndi kumva. Masomphenya a nkhandwe amasinthidwa ndimdima womwe ana nkhandwe zambiri umagwira. Monga zilombo zambiri, nkhandwe zimayankha bwino mayendedwe ake, koma osazindikira mitundu, makamaka masana, mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe imatha kuyandikira pafupi kwambiri ndi munthu wokhala kapena woimirira pambali yopumira.

Panthawi yachisangalalo komanso musangalalo, nkhandwe imapanga kabokosi kokweza kwambiri, nkhandwe zimabowola koopsa ndikamenya nkhondo. Malinga ndi mawuwo, chachikazi ndi chachimuna ndi chosiyana: chachikazi chimapanga "katatu", ndikumaliza ndikulira kwakanthawi, ziboda zamphongo monga galu, koma osakuwa.

Ankhandwe ambiri, makamaka ana, amagona m'munda kwa tsiku limodzi, ngati ili pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi ndipo ali ndi makoswe. Asanakhazikike pansi pa chitsamba kapena tubercle, nkhandwe, yowundana ndi malo, imayang'ananso malo akuzungulira kwanthawi yayitali kuti ikhale pachiwopsezo. Kenako amapindika, kuphimba mphuno yake ndi kugona ndi mchira wake, koma asanagone, amayang'ana zigawo kangapo. Komanso nkhandwe zimakonda kupuma m'malo otetemera, m'mapiri komanso m'malo ena osatheka kufikako.

Ankhandwe amasaka nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana, komabe, makamaka m'mamawa komanso kumapeto kwa usiku, ndipo osathamangitsidwa, amakumana masana, ndipo popanda kuzindikira nkhawa akakumana ndi munthu. Kupanda kutero, nyamazi ndizosamala kwambiri ndipo zimatha kubisala ndikuthamangitsa njirayo - chifukwa chake mu malingaliro a anthu ambiri nkhandwe ndi njira yanzeru ndi kupusa (onani chithunzi mu luso).
Ankhandwe omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mayendedwe apaulendo, nyumba zokwerera, m'malo omwe kusaka ndizoletsedwa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pamaso pa munthu, zimatha kuyamba kudyetsa ndipo zimatha kupempha.

Ankhandwe amawaganizira kuti ali ndi mphamvu yamatsenga.

Mtengo wachuma

Nkhandwe ndiyofunikira kwambiri zachuma monga nyama yofunikira yopanda ubweya, komanso yowongolera kuchuluka kwa makoswe ndi tizilombo. Komanso, kuwonongeka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi nkhandwe ndi mbalame zamasewera ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zabwino zomwe zimabweretsa, kuwononga makoswe - ogula tirigu.

Nkhandwe makamaka za ubweya zimadyetsedwa kundende. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XIX, mtundu wa nkhandwe za siliva-zakuda (zofiirira) zidawunduka. Kenako, chifukwa cha kusankha, mtundu wa ubweyawo unasinthidwa kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi mtundu wakuthengo) mu mtundu uwu, ndipo mitundu ina ya ubweya wina kutengera izi idapangidwa: platinamu, Bakurian, Dakot ndi ena.

Kumwera kwa Europe, nkhandwe zam'madzi ndizomwe zimanyamula kwambiri matenda a chiwewe, motero amatemera katemera aliyense.

Zizindikiro zakunja kwa nkhandwe

Nyamazo zimakhala ndi mphuno yosongoka, mchira wofiyira, makutu owoneka bwino komanso miyendo yoluka yosagwedezeka. Ndi zizindikirochi, nkhandwe ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi mimbulu. Koma pali china chomwe chimawapatsa kufanana kwa nthumwi za banja la mphaka, mwachitsanzo, makonzedwe ofukula a ophunzirawo.

Nkhandwe yofiira (Vulpes vulpes).

Mitundu yonse ya nkhandwe imanyamula ubweya wabwino kwambiri, yokhala ndi msana wochepa thupi komanso kutentha. Ambiri mwa oimira gululi ali ndi khungu limodzi. Chovala cha ubweya chimatha kukhala cha bulauni, choyera, imvi, chofiira. Dera lam'mimba la thupi limapangidwa utoto. Makutu ndi mchira kumapeto kwake kuli ndi chizindikiro chamdima.

Ponena za kukula kwa nkhandwe, kutalika kwakuthupi kwamtunda kumayambira 30 cm mpaka 1 mita, ndipo nyama izi zimalemera kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 10 kilogalamu. Koma zoona zake, mtundu uliwonse uli ndi kukula kwake komanso kutalika kwake.

Kusaka nkhandwe

Oimira ntchentche omwe amakhala m'malo ozizira amapita kukasaka masana ndi madzulo. Anthu okhala m'malo otentha nyengo yake amakonda kudikirira kunja kukatentha, ndipo amakonda kuwalanda dzuwa litalowa.

Pofunafuna nyama.

Nyamazo zimakhala ndi kumva bwino komanso kumva fungo. Nthawi zambiri, nkhandwe zimayenda pang'ono ndikungokwirira pang'ono, koma pangozi zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri. Nyama izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mimbulu mwa kuthekera kukwera mitengo.

Menyani nkhondo yachikazi.

Monga chakudya, nkhandwe zimasankha makoswe, maula, achule, hedgehogs, mbalame, abuluzi ndi nsomba. Amasinthanitsa menyu wawo ndi zakudya zamasamba, mwachitsanzo, amatha kusangalala ndi zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso zamasamba.

Nkhandwe

Kukongola kumeneku kumakhala ndi thupi labwino kwambiri - lolemera makilogalamu 3.5 limafikira masentimita 55-60, kukula kwa mchira wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda kumakhala 35 cm.Miyendo yake ndiyotalikirana ndi thupi kuposa nkhandwe zina zambiri. Utoto umasiyana kuchokera kumchenga wofiirira kupita ku terracotta. Amakhala ku Hindustan, pafupi ndi mapiri a Himalayan, ndipo kumakhala ku Nepal, Bangladesh ndi India kumwera kwenikweni.

Imakhala ndi mitengo patali, imatha kukwera mapiri mpaka 1400 m.Yopewa mapiri ndi zipululu zotentha. Zakudyazi zimapangidwa pansi pa nyama zapakhomo - arthropods, repitles, mbalame ndi mazira. Ndimakonda kudya zipatso. Mu fauna, amakhala mpaka zaka 10. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kusaka chifukwa cha ubweya wosalala, kupatula mano, zibwano ndi nyama ya nyama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.

Korsak

Kufanana kwa nkhandwe wamba kumangosiyana ndi ubweya wopepuka, kutalika kwa mchira wakuda ndi phokoso locheperako. Amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Asia. Imadutsana m'malo ndi nkhandwe ya ku Afghanistan, yosiyana ndi iyo ndi chibwano chaching'ono komanso kutalika kwam mchira waufupi.

Amakhala ndi malo okhala udzu wokhala ndi zitunda zazing'ono, amakonda mapiri ndi zipululu, owuma nthawi yachilimwe, osati chisanu kwambiri nyengo yachisanu. Dera lamabanja limatha kukhala sq 50. Km, nthawi zambiri limapereka gawo mokwanira, imayala misewu yokongola ndikugwetsa mabowo mumkokomo. Amakhala m'mabanja, monga nkhandwe, komanso olekerera.

Popeza okhwima, obala obalalitsa ali osiyanasiyana. Koma, kuzizira pang'ono, banjali limakumana. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumadera okhala chonde kwambiri ndipo saopa kukakhala m'midzi. Adani awo m'chilengedwe komanso omwe amapikisana nawo pachakudya ndiye nkhandwe wamba ndi nkhandwe. Ndizosangalatsa pakusaka ubweya, popeza ndili ndi khungu labwino. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala mpaka zaka 6-8.

Nkhandwe

Kukula kwake ndi kocheperako, kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kaso, mchira wofiyira umakhala kutalika kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zambiri nkhandweyo imakakamizidwa kuukoka pansi. Mtunduwu ndiwofanana ndi malo omwe amakhala - ma toni amchenga okhala ndi chingwe chofiirira pamchira ndi pafupi pamimba koyera. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Sahara, kumpoto komanso gawo lapakati pa Africa, Dera la Arabia ndi Middle East.

Wosemedwa wamiyala ndi wamchenga - chinthu chake chobadwira. Mwini wamakutu akulu kwambiri, ali ndi mapira akuda amiyendo kumapazi omwe amateteza kumchenga wotentha. Komabe, izi ndizachidziwikire kuti nkhandwe zonse zimakhala kumayiko otentha.

Monga anthu ambiri okhala m'zipululu, imatha nthawi yayitali kuti isamwe madzi, ndikupeza chinyezi chofunikira kuchokera ku chakudya. Ali ndi njira yapadera yokonzanso kwamikodzo, komwe sikulola kuchotsedwa pafupipafupi. M'madera ena limadzaza ndi nkhandwe ya bulauni, ikulolera kukula kwake. Israeli amatengedwa ngati mtundu wotetezedwa.

Kodi nkhandwe imadya chiyani m'chilengedwe?

Kodi nkhandwe imadya chiyani m'nkhalango yake? Monga tidalemba pamwambapa, nkhandwe - nyama yolusa komanso chakudya chake ndi nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana - makoswe osiyanasiyana (mbewa zam'munda, agologolo pansi), mavu, mbalame zokhala pansi. Nkhandweyo sichimanyansidwa ndi zovalazo, komanso zotsalira pambuyo pa zilombo zina (mimbulu, zimbalangondo), makamaka ngati zichitika nyengo yachisanu, kugwirira nyama zatsopano kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Ankhandwe okhala m'madambo oterako amathanso kudya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tating'onoting'ono (kafadala, chiswe, dzombe), achule. Ngati pali mtsinje pafupi, ndiye nkhandweyo sidzaphonya mwayi kudya nsomba. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhandwe zimasungidwa ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zipatso, zipatso, popeza, monga zimbalangondo, nkhandwe ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi.

Chosangalatsa: Pakusaka, nkhandwe imatha kuthamanga mpaka 50 km pa ola limodzi.

Mbidzi ya ku Tibet

Mukabwera chithunzi cha nkhandwe, mumaganizira mwachangu za wolanda Tibetan. Nkhope yake imawoneka yayikulu chifukwa cha kolala yayikulu yozungulira m'khosi mwake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma fangs amatuluka mkamwa, ndiakulu kuposa nkhandwe zina. Ubweya wake ndi wowotcha, wandiweyani komanso wamkati wonenepa. Mawonekedwe ake amatikumbutsa kwambiri nkhandwe, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe.

Thupi ndi lotalika masentimita 70, mchira wowonda umafikira theka la mita. Kulemera kuli pafupifupi 5.5 kg. Nyamayi ikudikirira m'chipululu cha Tibet, popeza yasankha malo achipululu. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India ndi gawo la China ndi malo awo okhala. Itha kuwoneka m'mapiri mpaka 5500m. M'nyumba momwe mumakonda zakudya - pika.

Chifukwa chake, lasowa m'malo ena a China, komwe makampani azakudya za tizilombo timagwira. Zimapatsa chakudya chanu ndi chilichonse chomwe chidzakopa chidwi. Ubweya wa nkhandwe izi umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipewa, ngakhale ndizosafunikira kwenikweni. Zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri ndi agalu a anthu wamba. Amakhala zakale pafupifupi 5, kumalo osungira nyama - zaka 8-10.

Fenech

Mwana wokhala ndi makutu akulu wokhala m'chipululu kumpoto kwa Africa. Ma Fenech ndi ochepa kukula kuposa amphaka ena apakhomo. Thupi limafalikira masentimita 40, mchira 30 cm, Chinyama chodyedwa pang'ono chimalemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Ndi zazikulu zing'onozing'onozi, ma auricles ake amafikira kutalika kwa 15 cm, chifukwa chake, amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa olusa poyerekeza ndi mutu.

Ubweya ndi wandiweyani komanso wofewa, tsitsi limakhala lalitali, phazi ndiloyenda kuti lizitetezedwa ndi mchenga wotentha. Amakhala mumchenga wotentha, amakhala pafupi ndi tchire laling'ono. "Zolankhula" kwambiri, kumamveketsa mawu wina ndi mnzake. Monga nkhandwe zonse, zimatha kubangula, kufuula, kulira kapena kung'ung'uza polankhula. Phokoso lililonse limafotokozera momwe akumvera.

Achinyamata amakhala ndi anthu osakwana 10-15. Amakhala okalamba komanso okalamba, amatha kudumphira kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Nthawi zambiri samabwera kuti adyedwe ndi nyama zazikulu, popeza makutu awo akuluakulu akumva bwino lomwe njira yangozi. Kuphatikiza apo, makanda awa amakhala ndi malingaliro okoma a kununkhira komanso kuwona.

Nkhandwe yaku South Africa

Dzinalo limanenanso kuti nyama zodyerazi ndi anthu okhala kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Africa. Amakhala m'malo owoneka achipululu. Woodland kupewa. Ili ndi magawo apakati (mpaka 60 cm kutalika) ndi kulemera (mpaka 5 kg). Ubweya wa imvi ndi siliva kumbuyo unkampatsa iye dzina loti "siliva nkhandwe", kumbali ndi m'mimba nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi tint wachikasu.

Mtundu wa ubweya umakhala wakuda kwambiri komanso wopepuka, kutengera moyo ndi chakudya. Mchira kumapeto kwake nthawi zonse kumakhala kwakuda. Mkati mwa makutu akulu, tsitsi lopepuka. Amasungidwa okha, banja limapangidwa nthawi yakukhwima. Pamapeto pa nthawi yobereka komanso kudyetsa ana, mwamunayo amasiya banja. Monga nkhandwe zambiri, ndizosowa. Zowona, zakudya ndizochepa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nyama.

Pamenepa, mtundu wa nkhandwe zowona ungaganizidwe kuti watsekedwa. Kenako, tikambirana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhandwe, omwe amatchedwa "abodza". Tiyeni tiyambe ndi monotypic - mtundu uliwonse ndi umodzi.

Nkhandwe ya Arctic

Amadziwika kuti nkhandwe ya arctic kapena polar, ndipo nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi gulu la nkhandwe. Koma zamtunduwu ndi zamtundu wina wa Arctic fox. Kukula kwa thupi ndi kulemera kwake ndizofanana ndi nkhandwe wamba, yaying'ono pokha. Koma thupi limatopa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kubera kwofiira. Mwa mitundu, yoyera ndi yamtambo imasiyanitsidwa.

Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi ubweya wosiyana mosiyanasiyana pachaka. Nyama yoyera imachita imvi pachilimwe, ndipo imawoneka ngati yoyera. Khungu la chisanu la chilombo chamtambo nthawi zambiri limakhala laimvi lofiirira, nthawi zina ngakhale khofi wokhala ndi siliva. M'nyengo yotentha, mtunduwo umakhala wa imvi kapena bulauni.

Amakhala kumpoto chakumpoto kwa dziko lathu, America ndi chuma cha Britain, komanso kuzilumba zam'nyanja yozizira kupyola Arctic Circle. Kusankha malo otseguka a tundra. Imadyetsa aliyense, ngati nkhandwe, koma makoswe, ngakhale imatha kulimbana ndi mbawala. Osanyalanyaza mitembo ya nsomba pagombe.

Amakonda masamba amtambo komanso msoka. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka m'magulu a zimbalangondo, ndipo zimatola zotsalazo kuchokera kuzimphona. Pang'onopang'ono mumakumba dothi lamapiri lamchenga. Amakhala m'mabanja, amapanga banja m'modzi mpaka muyaya. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka 6-10. Chinyama chamasewera chamtengo wapatali, makamaka nkhandwe.

Mikong

Savannah nkhandwe, zosowa. Nthawi zina zitha kukhala zolakwika kuti chikhodzodzo chaching'ono chotalika 70 cm komanso kulemera kwa 8 kg. Imakhala ndi zokutira zasiliva, ubweya wosalala, ndipo nthawi zina umakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira, mchira wofiyira, kumaso kumaso kumada. M'mphepete zowoneka za utoto wautali.

Amakhala m'madambo okhala ndi mitengo komanso udzu, ndipo amakhala kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa dera komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha South America. Chimadyetsa, ngati nkhandwe zina, pafupifupi aliyense. Koma mchilombo ichi, ma invertebrates am'madzi ndi ma crustaceans amalowa pachakudya. Chifukwa chake dzinalo "nkhandwe-nkhanu."

Amakonda kudya masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso. Zimbudzi sizikumba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mwa alendo. Akhoza kugawana gawo ndi wachibale wina. Ziphuphu mu kuchuluka kwa ana agalu 2-4 zimapangidwa kawiri pachaka, nsonga ya chonde imagwera m'miyezi yoyamba pachaka. Ndi angati akukhala m'chilengedwe osakhazikitsidwa, ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 11.

Ana nkhandwe yaying'ono

Kusilira kotsatira kwa mtundu wake. Amakhala ku Amazon ya ku Brazil. Zokonzera selva - nkhalango zonyowa za malo otentha, zimatha kukwera m'mapiri mpaka 2 km. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakumbuyo imakhala yofiyira kapena yakuda, m'mimba mumakhala utoto wachikasu, mchira wake ndi woderapo. Pali timitsempha pakati pa zala, chifukwa chake chimaliziro chakuti chilombochi chimasambira bwino komanso chimatsogolera kumadzi.

Malangizo a fangs amatuluka ngakhale pakamwa lotsekeka. Nyamayi imabisala, imangokhala yokha, ikangogwiritsa ntchito nyengo yokha yakukhwima. Kuyesera kuti asayandikire munthu, samapezeka kawirikawiri pafupi ndi midzi. Paukapolo, poyamba ndi wankhanza, kenako utha kusintha.

Fox Big Ex

Amasiyana ndi nkhandwe wamba wamba yaying'ono ndi makutu akulu mosasamala. Kukula kwa auricles kuli kutalika kwa 13 cm. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi maziko ambiri, kotero amawoneka okongola komanso amalungamitsa kwathunthu dzina la mitunduyo. Mtundu wa ubweyawo ndi mchenga wamchenga, wokhala ndi siliva, dzuwa komanso mabulangete otuwa.

Khosi ndi m'mimba zimakhala pafupifupi zoyera. Phokoso limakongoletsedwa ndi chigoba, pafupifupi ngati raccoon. Matope ndi makutu kumapangira kuli kwakuda, m'mbali mwake pali mzere wa utoto wamalaala. Amakhala m'magawo awiri osiyana adziko la Africa: kum'mawa kuchokera ku Ethiopia kupita ku Tanzania komanso kumwera ku Angola, kumwera kwa Zambia ndi South Africa.

Kuletsa kwamtunduwu kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa magawo ake a chakudya chake choyambira - chimbudzi cha herbivorous. Amapeza chakudya chotsala pazomwe amapeza. Nkhandweyi siili yamtundu umodzi wokha, komanso banja lake.

Ndipo kuchokera ku nkhandwe subfamily, imangoganizira magulu awiri okha amitundu - South America ndi nkhandwe zaimvi. Choyamba, lingalirani za mtundu wa nkhandwe wotchedwa sulufule.

Makoswe nkhandwe

Mitundu ya nkhandwe zaimvi imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri - imvi ndi nkhandwe za pachilumba. Woyambitsa woyamba ndi wocheperako, ali ndi miyendo yofupikirapo kuposa nkhandwe ofiira, chifukwa chake imawoneka yaying'ono kuposa iyo. Koma mchira wa imvi wokongola ndi wolemera komanso wokulirapo kuposa wa mnzake. Boti lamkati silili loyipa kwambiri, kotero kuti nyengo yozizira siyimukwanire, adasankha gawo lapakati ndi kumwera kwa kontinenti ya North America kuti akhale ndi moyo.

Ubweya kumbuyo kwake ndi siliva, wokhala ndi chingwe chakuda m'thupi lonse ndi mchira. Mmbali ndi zofiirira zakuda, m'mimba mwayera. Chizindikiro ndi mzere wakuda kudutsa muzzle, kudutsa mphuno ndikutambalala kuposa maso kupita ku akachisi. Amathamanga ndi kukwera mitengo bwino, yomwe amatchedwa "nkhandwe».

Chilumba cha pachilumba

Boma Channel Islands, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa gombe la California. (* Endemic - mtundu womwe umakhala wofanana ndi malowa). Ndi mphukira yamtundu wa nkhandwe za imvi, motero ndi ofanana kwambiri.

Komabe, kukula kwa omwe ali pachilumbachi ndizocheperako; angatengeredwe ngati chitsanzo cha kufalikira kwa chilumbachi. Mdani wamkulu mu nyama ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Ankhandwe aku South America akuphatikizapo mitundu 6. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pafupifupi anthu onse amderali ali ndi dzina lachiwiri "zorro" - "fox".

Nkhandwe ya ku Paraguay

Chilombochi ndi chokulirapo kukula ndi khungu losayenderana. Pamwamba ndi m'mbali mwa mutu, chovalacho chimakhala chofiyira, kumbuyo kumakhala kwakuda, chibwano chomwe chili pansi chimakhala choyera, pamwamba, mapewa ndi mbali zake ndimvi.

Mzere wa tsitsi lofiirira umayenderera thupi lonse ndi mchira, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yakuda. Pamiyendo yakumaso kuli malo akuda kumbuyo. Osangokhala makoswe, tizilombo ndi mbalame, komanso zolengedwa zowopsa - zinkhanira, njoka ndi abuluzi zitha kukhala chakudya chake.

Mbidzi ya ku Brazil

Mtundu wam'mwamba umaponyedwa ndi siliva, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "nkhandwe". Gawo lakumunsi la kirimu kapena mchenga wa fawn. Pamwamba pake pali njira ya "nkhandwe" - njira yamdima yautali.

Makutu ndi chiuno chakunja ndi pabuka, nsagwada yakuda ndi yakuda. Pali nkhandwe zakuda kwathunthu. Imakhala m'malo amtunda, amtchire komanso mapiri kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Brazil. Chakudyacho chimayang'aniridwa ndi tizilombo, monga zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mano ang'onoang'ono a chilombo.

Andean nkhandwe

Wokhala ku South America, womwe umachitikira kumapiri a Andes. Mwa zolengedwa, zimatenga malo achiwiri, ndikupita kwa nkhandwe yolusa. Amakonda nkhalango zokhala ndi mitengo yabwino komanso nyengo yotentha.

Mukuwoneka - nkhandwe yofananira mu chovala cha imvi kapena chofiira. Pamiyendo, ubweya umasanduka wofiyira pang'ono, ndipo pachinacho umasandulika woyera. Otsata "nkhandwe" yotsata kumbuyo ndi mchira. Thanzi, kubereka, moyo wosiyana pang'ono ndi mitundu ina.

Nkhandwe yaku South America

Imvi waku Argentina nkhandwe kapena zorro imvi, wokhala kumwera kwa South America, chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo chimatha kusankha zitsamba zouma za ku Argentina, ndi zigwa zowuma za Patagonia, ndi nkhalango zotentha za ku Chile. Ophunzira ena amadziona ngati mtundu wamba ndi mitundu ya Paraguayan, koma pakadali pano asankhidwa kuti ndi gulu loyang'anira taxonomic.

Darwin nkhandwe

Ankhandwe awa tsopano atsala pang'ono kuzimiririka pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi. Anapezeka ndi Darwin pachilumba cha Chiloe mphepete mwa Chile.Kwa nthawi yayitali amawonedwa ngati gawo la chisumbu cha gulu la South America. Komabe, mtunduwu ndi wocheperako kuposa msuweni wazaka zonsezo, umakhala ndi ubweya wakuda kwambiri, ndipo mitunduyo sizimagwirizana.

Mtunduwo ndi imvi yakuda, wokhala ndi matuwa ofiira pamutu. Nyama wamba yamtchire yomwe imakhala m'nkhalangozi. Amadyetsa aliyense, amakhala yekha, amapanga banja nthawi yakukhwima.

Nkhandwe yotchedwa securan

Zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono kwambiri zaku South America. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa kumadzulo kwa South America, okhalamo gawo laling'ono la Peru ndi Ecuador. Dera lake limapezeka pakati pa nkhalango ndi zipululu. M'malo ena limadutsa pakati pa chakudya ndi opikisana nawo - Andean ndi South America amadyera.

Pali adani achilengedwe ocepa, kungokhala phokoso komanso phokoso, koma palibe ambiri omwe adatsala m'malo amenewo. Koma munthu ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu. Khungu lake limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma amulets ndi zida zopanga mwaluso. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi kuukira ziweto.

Falkland nkhandwe

Pakadali pano, mtunduwu umadziwika kuti watha. Nyamayi ndiyo yokhayi pamam'madzi a zilumba za Falkland. Anali ndi ubweya wofiirira, mchira wofewa wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda ndi ubweya woyera pamimba pake.

Iye analibe adani achilengedwe, ndipo anawonongedwa ndi anthu chifukwa cha iye. Cholinga cha asaka chinali ubweya wonenepa komanso wofewa wa nyamayo. Pakadali pano, zitha kuwoneka ku London Museum ngati nyama yodzala ndi zinthu.

Cozumel nkhandwe

Mtundu wodziwika pang'ono wa nkhandwe womwe watsala pang'ono kutha. Kuwonera komaliza komwe kunadziwika kunali mu 2001 ku Cozumel Island, Mexico. Koma siziphunziridwa komanso sizifotokoza mitundu.

Kunja kumafanana ndi nkhandwe yaimvi, yocheperako. Zotheka kuti mitunduyi idapangidwa ngati chilumba, yopatulidwa ndi nkhandwe ya imvi. Ndipo monga nthawi ina iliyonse, ndi kofotokozerako pang'ono.

Symenskaya nkhandwe (nkhandwe ya ku Itiopiya)

Mitundu yachilendo kwambiri mu banja la canine. Kwa nthawi yayitali anaphatikizidwa ndi gulu la nkhandwe, kotero tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za iye. Zofanana ndi nkhandwe zonse, ubweya wake ndi wofiirira wakuda, phokoso lalitali komanso mchira wokongola. M'mimba, kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi paws yoyera, nsonga ya mchira wakuda. Mosiyana ndi nkhandwe, amakhala m'matumba, osati mabanja.

Gulu la mabanja ndi banja, lotsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi akazi ndi ana angapo m'malo ake. Gulu lachiwiri ndi gulu la amuna amodzi. Amalemba m'Buku Lofiira ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.

Mitundu yonse ya nkhandwe pamwambayi imalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wofanana - ndizofanana kwambiri, kusiyana kwake ndikosakwanira kwambiri kotero nthawi zina kumaganiziridwa kuti ichi ndi chinyama chimodzi chanzeru chomwe chadzaza dziko lonse lapansi ndikusintha pansi pa zenizeni zomwe zikuzungulira.

Khalidwe la nkhandwe

Ankhandwe nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku, amabisala m'matumba awo masana, ndipo amasaka usiku. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amaso awo, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone bwino usiku.

Ankhandwe amakhala, monga lamulo, mosankhidwa, nthawi zina awiri kapena atatu, ndipo amakhala ndi gawo lawolawo, lomwe limakhala ndi chimbudzi.

Adani a nkhandwe

Mwachilengedwe, nkhandwe ilibe adani ambiri, zoopsa zina zimatha kubwera kuchokera ku mimbulu yomweyo ndi zimbalangondo, koma pokhapokha nkhandweyo ikulowerera nyama yawo. Ndipo chifukwa chake mdani wamkulu wa nkhandwe (monga nyama zina zambiri) ndiomwe amatsogolera - munthu. Ankhandwe ambiri anachotsedwa ndi alenje ndi osaka chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wankhosa, womwe pambuyo pake umapita kumakola a ubweya.

Chifukwa chiyani nkhandwe imakhala yachinyengo?

Chifukwa chiyani nkhandwe imatchedwa chinyengo? Ena amakhulupirira kuti mbiri yoyipa ngati imeneyi idalumikizidwa chifukwa cha zizolowezi za nyama izi pakasaka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nkhandwe nthawi zonse imazengereza kupita pachakudya chake, imatha kuyang'anira moleza mtima kwa maola angapo pamalo obisalapo pafupi ndi dzenje la kalulu, ndipo ikagwera pakuwoneka, imakhalanso yochenjera kwambiri ndipo kuthamanga kwa mphezi imagwira ndi mano ake.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhandwe ndi amisiri abwino kwambiri kuti asokoneze kufufuza ndi kuthamangitsa zinthu zofunafuna, kusintha kwambiri kayendedwe, mwina chifukwa cha maluso ndi zizolowezizi, kuyambira nthawi yopatsa chidwi kwa epithet "walumikizidwa ndi nkhandwe."

Nkhandwe yaku America

Nkhandwe yaku America imangokhala kudera la America komwe kumwera chakumadzulo kwa USA ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico. Imakhala ndi masikono apakatikati: kutalika kwa thupi lake kuchokera pa masentimita 37 mpaka 50. Kumbuyo kwa mtunduwu wa nkhandwe kunapakidwa utoto wamaso achikasu. Chizindikiro cha nkhandwe yaku America ndi kupezeka kwa nsonga yakuda pamchira.

Steppe fox (corsac)

Nkhandwe iyi ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe wamba, koma mosiyana ndi ili ndi malo owongoka kwambiri, miyendo yayitali ndi makutu akulu. Koma kukula kwake ndi kocheperako, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 0.5-0.6 m, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 4-6 kg. Imakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino komanso mtundu wakuda kapena woderapo wakuda kumaso kwa mchira. Nkhandweyo imakhala m'maiko ambiri, kuyambira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe kupita ku Asia, kuphatikizapo Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, ndi Azzeran.

Fox kunyumba: kukonza ndi kusamalira

Ngati mukufuna zochulukirapo, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa mphaka kapena galu wamba, mutha kupeza nyumba ndi nkhandwe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zomwe nyama ili ndi malamulo angapo:

• Chingwe cha nkhandwe chikuyenera kukhala chachikulu kuti chikapangire pobowapo.
• Payeneranso kumwa zakumwa m'khola kuti nkhandwe isamve ludzu.
• Ndi nkhandwe, mutha ndipo muyenera kuphunzitsa, kuti asatopetsedwe ndipo athe kukhala achangu ndi eni ake, ngati galu, wachibale wina wakutali.
• Komabe, masewera olimbirana nkhandwe samalimbikitsidwa;
• M'nyengo yotentha, nkhandwe zimatha kupereka fungo lamphamvu komanso losasangalatsa, limanunkhira, motero, lizifunika kusambitsidwa kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse.
• Mukasunga nkhandwe kunyumba, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi veterinarian wabwino yemwe angayang'anire ziweto zanu zachilendo.

Zosangalatsa zokhudza nkhandwe

• Kwa anthu ena m'masiku akale chinali zikopa za nkhandwe zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati ndalama.
• Zakuti nkhandwe ndiwofala pachimake cha nthano zambiri sizabwino kwa aliyense, koma ndizosangalatsa kuti ku Mesopotamia wakale adalemekezedwa ngati nyama yopatulika.
• Ku Japan wakale, nkhandwe nthawi zina zimawonedwa ngati chiwombankhanga chenicheni.
• Khutu la nkhandweyo limakhala lamphamvu kwambiri moti limatha kumva kulira kwa mbewa ya kumtunda mtunda wa mita 100.
• Mwina mukuwerenga nkhaniyi pogwiritsa ntchito bulosha ya Mozilla Firefox, chizindikiro chomwe ndi heroine yathu yaposachedwa, nkhandwe.

Kodi nkhandwe wamba imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Chinyama nkhandwe wamba

Malo okhala nkhandwe zachilengedwe ndi ochulukirapo. Nyama izi zimakhala ku Europe konse, ku Asia, North Africa, ndi North America. Adadziwikiridwa ndikuthokozedwa ku Australia. Tsopano chinyama chotere chafalikira pafupifupi konsekonse. Kupatula ndi madera omwe ali kumpoto. Ku Europe, pali mitundu ingapo khumi ndi isanu ya mdani uyu, komanso m'maiko ena - opitilira makumi atatu.

M'mayiko omwe ali pamwambawa, nkhandwe zimapezeka m'malo onse ndi malo. Amamva bwino mu tundra, steppe, chipululu, m'mapiri, nkhalango zobiriwira. Nthawi yomweyo, amasinthana mosavuta ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kupatula kungangokhala madera omwe ali ndi chinyezi kwambiri. Kuchulukana kwa nyama kumalo komwe kuli kosiyana kwambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Ngakhale kuti nkhandwe zimatha kusinthasintha, zochulukirapo zidawonekera m'nkhalango zowirira. Amakonda malo otseguka, ngakhale kuti pali nthano kuti nyama zotere zimangokhala m'nkhalango zowirira.

Ambiri mwa anthu odza nyama amakhala kuthengo. Komabe, nkhandwe zochulukirachulukira zimatha kupezeka pafupi ndi midzi, mizinda, matauni. Anthu osakwatiwa amawonekera ngakhale ndi anthu mkati mwa mizinda yayikulu. Ankhandwe amatha kuzolowera izi. Amapeza chakudya chawo m'mapaki, zipinda zapansi zanyumba, m'matayala am'mizinda, m'nyumba zomangamanga.

Kodi nkhandwe wamba imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Fox wofiyira

Ankhandwe ndi zilombo wamba. Komabe, zakudya zawo ndizofala. Malinga ndi asayansi, mitundu yoposa mazana anayi ya chakudya cha nyama ndi mitundu ingapo yazakudya zambiri zam'mera zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za akuluakulu.

Komabe, nkhandwe zambiri nthawi zambiri zimadya zakudya zotsatirazi:

• Makoko ang'onoang'ono. Amatha kutchedwa maziko a zakudya za nyama izi. Nthawi zambiri nkhandwe zimadyera mbewa zam'munda. Asayansi akuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe m'dera linalake kumadalira kuchuluka ndi kupezeka kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono
• Zaitsev. Sangathe kugwidwa ndi adani. Ma subspecies ena okha omwe ali ndi vuto lodziletsa pa ma hares ndi hares. Ndipo pachilala, nyama yolusa ikhoza kusangalala ndi mitembo ya nyama zazing'onozi,
• Mbalame. Nyama izi sizofunikira kwenikweni kwa moyo wa chanterelles ngati makoswe. Koma nkhandwe wamba sidzasowa mwayi wogwira ndikudya mbalame ya nkhomaliro. Chilombocho chimalimbana ndi mbalame zikakhala pansi. Nyama zosavuta zodya zilombo ndi mazira ndi mazira. Nthawi zanjala, nkhandwe zimatha kuthana ndi nkhuku. Amawabera mitengoyo,
• Tizilombo. Nkhandwe wamba imatha kudya nsikidzi zazikulu, mphutsi zawo. Sanyalanyaza ngakhale tizilombo tofa,
• Bzalani zakudya. Sizitenga gawo lalikulu pakudya zazinyama. Ankhandwe samakonda kudya zakudya za mmera: zipatso, zipatso, zipatso, mizu yosiyanasiyana.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Fox

Nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri patsiku kwa nkhandwe wamba ndi usiku. Amasaka ndi m'bandakucha, ndipo masana amakonda kupumula m'matumba awo. Komabe, pali mitundu yocheperako yomwe imatha nthawi yambiri kufunafuna chakudya masana ndikugona usiku. Mabowo a nkhandwe ndiwotalikirapo; ali ndi zipinda zingapo zosiyana. Nyama zimadutsa m'mapiri, m'malo otsetsereka. Cholinga chachikulu cha mabowo ndi pobisalira pangozi ndi nyumba ya ana mtsogolo.

Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kubereka nkhandwe zisanu ndi imodzi. Amakhala ndi amayi awo mu imodzi mwa maselo. Pachitetezo, akazi amapanga zigawo zingapo zotuluka. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ndi ana ake athawe pangozi. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe zimathawa agalu osaka.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mosiyana ndi zinyama zina zambiri, nkhandwe sizimayambira pamagulu. Amakonda kukhala pawekha. Akuluakulu kokha pa nthawi yobereka amatha kukhalanso limodzi. Pambuyo umuna, chachikazi ndi chachimuna zimasiyana.

Nkhandwe ndi nyama yochenjera kwambiri, yokonda mtendere. Sanalowe mwachangu popanda chosowa china. Kulimbana pakati pa nyama kumachitika pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima komanso chifukwa cha "magawidwe" am'deralo. Nyama imayesetsa kupewetsa munthu, kawirikawiri pomwe iyo iwonetsedwa ndi maso ake. Ngakhale kusamala kwa nkhandwe, zimadziwika ndi chidwi chapadera. Nyama izi zimafufuza chilichonse chosangalatsa chomwe chimalowa.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Fox Cub

Nthawi yakukhwima kwa nkhandwe wamba imakhala ndi izi:

• Zimakhala miyezi yochepa: kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi,
• Amuna amatha kupanga nkhondo zazing'ono zazikazi. Komabe, wopambana sakhala wamphamvu kwambiri, koma wanzeru kwambiri. Komanso nthawi yakukhwima, nyama izi zimavina zovina zachilendo. Amayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndipo kwanthawi yayitali amayenda motsatizana.
• Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kubereka ana osakwana sikisi. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala zinyalala zoposa khumi. Mu ana, auricles atsekeka kwathunthu, palibe masomphenya. Amayamba kuwona ndi kumva pakatha milungu iwiri yoyambirira,
• Ankhandwe amamwa mkaka wa mayi kwa mwezi ndi theka lokha. Kenako amayamba kuphunzira kudya nyama,
• Ana okulira amadyetsedwa ndi makolo onse awiri. Ayenera kupeza chakudya pafupifupi tsiku lonse,
• Miyezi ingapo atabadwa, nkhandwe zimatha kusiya dzenje pawokha. Achichepere amatha kupezeka kutali ndi kwawo komanso makolo. Ndipamene amayamba kuzunzika ndi ena,
• Ankhandwe aokha ayandikira pafupi kugwa. Pakadali pano, amatha kuchoka kunyumba kwa amayi awo ndikupanga moyo wawo. Kutha msinkhu kumafika zaka 1.5. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amakula pambuyo pake.

Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe wamba

Chithunzi: Fox

M'mbuyomu, anthu anali mdani wamkulu wa nkhandwe. Osaka nyama amawombera mwadala. Izi zidachitidwa kuti kupatula kuthekera kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo oyamba matenda a chiwewe. Lero, vutoli siliri kwambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa katemera wa pakamwa. Kupangidwa kwa mankhwalawa kunathandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa. Zinathetsanso kufunika kowombera mosalekeza kwa akuluakulu.

Kuwombera kwa nkhandwe wamba, inde, kunachepa. Komabe, nyama izi zikuvutika ndi manja a anthu. Anthu ambiri amasaka chanterelle kuti asangalale, kusangalala. Nyama zambiri zachikulire zimafa chifukwa chometa kwa adani ena.

Pakati pa nyama, nkhandwe zimakonda kugwidwa ndi mimbulu ndi zilombo zina, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu ndi zazikulu. Lynxes, wolverines, zimbalangondo sizingakane kusangalala ndi nkhandwe kapena ana ake. Chiwopsezo chakupha cha chanterelles chimayimiriridwa ndi ma eymines, zolimba, ngakhale zitoliro. Mitundu yomwe imakhala Kum'mawa imafa chifukwa cha tiger.

Ana ang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono a nkhandwe wamba amadwala chifukwa cha kuukira kwa mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama. Chiwombankhanga, abuluzi, agalu, chiwombankhanga chimawapha. Koma kwakukulu, nkhandwe sizimatchedwa kuti zosavuta kugwirira. Nyama izi ndizochenjera kwambiri, zimathamanga ndipo zimakwera mitengo bwino.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Chinyama nkhandwe wamba

Mpaka pano, palibe deta yolondola pa kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe wamba. Komabe, ndikudziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa odana ndi izi ndikokwera kwambiri. Koma, mwatsoka, zimasinthasintha.

Kusintha kwa manambala a nkhandwe amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu izi:

• Nyengo komanso nyengo nyengo zachilengedwe,
• Chiwerengero ndi kupezeka kwa makoswe ochepa,
• Kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana.

Pakazizira kwambiri kapena chilala, msambo wachikazi umachepa, ana ochepa amakhala ndi moyo mpaka kukhwima. Zikatero, chiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Nkhandwe zingapo kapena zambirimbiri zitha kufa ndi matenda a chiwewe kapena vuto limodzi nthawi yomweyo.

Ngakhale zovuta zomwe zilipo, kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe wamba ndikokwanira munthawi zonse zachilengedwe. Chidani chomwechi sichinalembedwe mu Buku Lofiyira, sichimaganiziridwa kuti ndi nyama yosungirako nyama, ndipo mtundu wamtunduwo ndi wokhazikika ndipo suyambitsa nkhawa pang'ono. Kuthengo, nkhandwe zimatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa nyama zotere ndi zochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, anthu odzaonawa amafa, ngakhale asanakwanitse zaka zitatu. Ali mu ukapolo, chirombo chimakhala nthawi yayitali. Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.

Nkhandwe wamba - nyama yosangalatsa, yokongola. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pazachuma. Ali ndi ubweya wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, ndipo nyamayo imatha kutchedwa kuti woyang'anira zachilengedwe. Ankhandwe amagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, amasinthasintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana za nyengo.