Ichi ndi heterotic wosakanizidwa wa Mitundu iwiri. Koma apa zonse ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo muyenera kusinthira pang'ono mu mbiri ya nkhumba zoweta. Panalibe malo ogwirizana omwe nkhumba zoweta pambuyo pake zimatulukira.
Poyambirira, panali mtundu umodzi wankhumba zamtchire zokha zomwe zimakhala ku Eurasia. Pa kontinenti yayikulu chotere, sakanachitira mwina koma kugawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Gawoli lidachitika posachedwa ndipo ma subspecies akadali pafupi kwambiri. Komabe, ku Eurasia pali mizere iwiri yosiyana: nkhumba zakutchire ndi Asia.
Mabungwe ang'onoang'ono aku Asia adabweretsa mitundu yodziwika ku Europe:
- Wachichaina
- Vietnamese Whiskers,
- Wachikoreya
- Siamese
- Mitundu yambiri yobadwira kuzilumba zosiyanasiyana.
Kusiyana pakati pa nkhumba zaku Asia ndi "European" ndizocheperako, makutu ang'onoang'ono komanso kukhalapo kwa "masharubu ndi ndevu" pamutu.
Nguluwe zakutchire ku Europe ndiye kholo la nkhumba zonse zazikulu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakulitsidwa pamafamu ndi minda.
Karmal - chopangidwa mozungulira cha nkhumba zaku Asia ndi ku Europe. "Azungu" ali ndi kholo lobereketsa - kanyenya. Kuchokera ku mbali ya "Asia", pali chisokonezo: popeza zoweta za ku Asia sizidziwika kwenikweni, nkhumba yachi Vietnam ndi ya ku Korea yolembedwa mu karmala ngati "makolo". Ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ku gawo la CIS, mwa Korea akutanthauza ndevu za Vietnamese. Nkhumba zaku Asia ndizofanana kwambiri pamtundu komanso zofunikira, chifukwa chake palibe chodabwitsa pakusokoneza.
Ndi kanyenya sikulinso kosavuta. Izi si zodabwitsa amuna achi Hungary. Izi ndi zotsatira za mtanda pakati pa nkhumba zamtchire ndi brazier waku Hungary, yomwe pambuyo pake idadziwidwa "inokha." Ngakhale mafotokozedwe a nkhumba zodyera amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe majini "adasewera": kanyenyezi kakhoza kukhala ngati nkhumba kapena kanyenya. Palibe kuyenderana mu mtundu. Zophatikiza zamakoko ndi nkhumba zaku Asia ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Choonadi chokhudza kuswana m'matumba
Pali mitundu iwiri yamatumba: yokhazikika komanso yachifumu. M'malo mwake, "chimbudzi" chotchedwa "plebeian" ndichophatikiza cha m'badwo woyamba kuchokera ku kaphikidwe ka barbecue ndi Asia boar. Kuphatikizikako ndikungoti, popeza podutsa nyama zazikulu kwambiri, zazikazi zizikhala zokulirapo. Kuti muwonekere wachifumu, muyenera kutenga nkhumba yosakanizidwa ya m'badwo woyamba ndikupezeka nayo ndi nyama yankhokwe.
Pokhudzana ndi chisokonezo pakati pa barbecue ndi mangalit ya ku Hungary, karmal amatchulidwanso kuti hybrid pakati pa mangalit ndi whisker waku Vietnamese.
Mawonekedwe
Kulankhula za miyezo ndi zofunikira pakuwonekera kwa nyama izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yolembetsedwa, ma hybrids a nkhumba amawoneka osiyana. M'badwo woyamba nthawi zambiri umafanana kwambiri ndi ndevu za ku Vietnamese, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogulitsa piglet osavomerezeka. Mitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri ku Vietnamese imagulitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi okwera mtengo. "Royal" karmal, chifukwa chopangidwa ndi backcross, imawoneka ngati barbecue.
Karmalis adatengera utoto kuchokera ku brazier waku Hungary, koma nthanoyo idabadwa kuchokera kwinakwake komwe ma hybrids alibe mitundu yoyera ndi yowoneka. Poganizira kuti mitundu iyi ilipo mu mtundu wa kholo, mitundu yotereyi imatumba. Mfundo yake ndi yochepa ya hybrids. Mtundu woyerawo utapangika, umatha kuwoneka ochepa ochepa ndikugonjera matumba ambiri.
Chimodzi mwazosiyana pakati pa ma karmal piglets ndi mtundu wamba "wobalidwa" ndi mtundu wawo "wamtchire" adakali ang'ono. Ngakhale utoto wa nkhumba ungakhale wosiyana, koma onse amakhala ndi timitengo timene tinatengera kwa kholo lakuthengo lanyenyezi.
Mabatani ali ngati tsitsi lakuda. Nguluwe zakutchire zimakutidwa ndi "ubweya" wotere. Chifukwa cha izi, nthano idatuluka kuti ngakhale nkhumba za mwezi uliwonse zimatha kusungidwa panja nthawi yozizira. Ogulitsa ma hybrid amapereka kuthekera uku ngati imodzi mwazinthu zakutsogolo.
Kuti mumvetsetse ngati izi ndi nthano kapena ayi, ndikokwanira kukumbukira kuti ngakhale nkhumba zakutchire zimaberekanso ana nthawi yotentha. Pofika nthawi yozizira, nkhumba zamtchire zimakula. Zinyama zonse zakutchire zili ndi chinthu chimodzi: kuyimitsa nyengo yozizira. Ngati matumba amasungidwa ngati nkhumba zokongoletsera, nkhumba zimatha kusungidwa kunja. Osati kuchokera mwezi, koma kale kuchokera awiri. Koma ma hybrids amafunikira ngati nyama zobala bwino komanso kudyetsa nkhumba pachabe kwa miyezi yopitilira 3 sikothandiza.
Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimakhala m'matumba nthawi yachisanu ndizofanana ndi zina za nkhumba zosagwira chisanu: nkhungu yosanjikiza khola lozizira. Kwa nkhumba zatsopano, nyali ya infra idzafunika.
Zopatsa
Zofesedwa za haibridi zimathamanga mofulumira. Monga nkhumba zaku Asia, zimatha kutha msinkhu miyezi 4. Kukhwima koyambirira kumachitika bwino kwambiri kuposa kale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Matumba amakhalanso ndi chonde, makamaka poyerekeza zakumbuyo kwa brazier wina waku Hungary. Matumba nthawi zambiri amabweretsa 8-10 piglets.
Chomwe chikuwoneka komanso kukwera mtengo kwa ma hybrids ndimomwe amachititsa heterosis. Koma izi sizimawoneka mwachizolowezi. Pochulukitsa nyama, ma hybrids amakhala ndi kulemera kuposa makolo, ndipo zimakhala zopindulitsa kukula mitanda yanjirayi. Koma nkhumba yaku Vietnamese / Korea imangokulira mpaka 150, ndi grill mpaka 300 kg. Wosakanizidwa ali ndi kukula kwapakatikati. Nyama yachikulire yolemera makilogalamu 220.
Palibe phindu lililonse pakukula karmal. Koma zopindulitsa siziri kukula. Phungweyi imakhala ndi kukoma koipa kwa nyama - cholowa chamkango chamtchire. Nthawi yomweyo, adalandira nyama ya marble kuchokera kwa brazier. Ndipo nkhumba za ku Vietnamese ndi ku Korea zimakhala ndi nyama yapamwamba kwambiri, koma palibe zotsogola. Mukamadutsa, mumapeza nyama yambiri yosalala.
Nthano ya mafuta
Pogulitsa malonda osakanizidwa, ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amati nkhumba izi zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa omwe amatha kupatukana ndi nyama. M'malo mwake, palibe chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri chodabwitsachi. Ku Asia, mafuta anyama amtengo wapatali, osati nyama ya nkhumba. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yonse yaku Asia imapeza mafuta a hypodermic bwino. Ngakhale nkhumba za Vietnam za miyezi 4 zokhala ndi chakudya chobadwa bwino zimatha kupeza 2 cm ya nyama yankhumba pa ridge. Ndipo mafuta awa ndizovuta kwambiri kudzipatula ku nyama. Iyenera kudulidwa.
Mangalitsa achi Hungary adagawidwanso koyambirira kwa mafuta anyama. Nyama ya marble inali yosangalatsa modabwitsa. Nguluwe zamtchire zimatha kudyetsa mafuta ambiri pama acorns kwa miyezi ingapo yophukira nyengo yonse yachisanu. Brazier - wosakanizidwa wa brazier ndi boar.
Karmalu kulibe kwina kotenga mafuta owonda omwe amagawanika mosavuta. Makolo ake onse amasiyanitsidwa ndi mchere wabwino komanso chosanja chankhumba. Mwayi waukulu wosakanizidwa - makilogalamu 200 a kulemera kwakanthawi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi - akufotokozedwa ndi kuthekera kopanga mafuta mwachangu. Chifukwa chake sipangakhale wopyapyala wopyola mu karmal.
Kukaniza matenda
Nthano yowopsa kwambiri yokhudza nyama. Nkhumba izi zimalengezedwa kuti zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri. Ogulitsa akuti matumba samadwala konse ndipo safunanso katemera. M'malo mwake, palibe chitetezo chomwe chimalephera kudutsa matenda. Makamaka ngati kusamalidwa kwa nkhumba kumasiya kofunikira, ndipo mwiniwakeyo samatsatira miyezo yoyera.
Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri poisunga nkhumba m'nyumba. Eni ake sangakwanitse kukhalabe osawoneka bwino monga minda yama nguluwe. Chifukwa chake, katemera aliyense wa nkhumba amayenera kuchitidwa ndi karmalam.
Ziyembekezero
Wophatikiza alibe chiyembekezo. Kubereka mwa inu nokha kudzakulitsa ana, monga kugawanitsa ma genotype kumachitika. Chifukwa cha genome lovuta, kupeza ana kuchokera m'matumba awiri likhala lofanana ndi lottery: zitha kukhala zopambana, koma mwayi wotaya ndi kupeza zokolola zochepa ndizambiri.
Okonda zosowa wamba omwe amakhala ndi brazier ya ku Hungary kapena brazier ndi nkhumba yaku Asia pabwalo lawo azilandira matumba.
Karmal ndi wosakanizidwa wa mitundu iwiri ya nkhumba za herbivore: Korea (Asia) Viscous (25%) ndi Mangal (75%), ndipo Karmal sadziwika ngati mtundu.
Karmal semi-wild pig pig: Kufotokozera ndi maubwino
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhumba. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa nkhumba wa Karmal ndiwosakhala nyama, pankhani ya chakudya, safuna kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuposa nkhumba wamba. Izi mtundu uli ndi zake, zabwino ndi zowawa.
Zotsatira zake, Karmal ndi nkhumba yamtchire. Mtunduwu ndiwosowa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba idakwanitsidwa kuti idutse powoloka nkhumba zingapo zamtundu wa herbivorous.
Choyamba, adatenga wamwamuna wa mtundu wabwino kwambiri waku Korea ndikumubweretsa pamodzi ndi mkazi Mangal, ndipo pokhapokha mkazi yemwe adatsogolayo adawoloka ndi Mangal wamphongo. Chifukwa chake, zinafika kuti mu mtundu uwu wamagazi 75% a Mangal, ndipo ena onse amasungidwa aku Korea.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nkhumba izi ndizofanana ndi "Korea" m'mapangidwe awo, koma sizinasonyeze kutengapo gawo kwa nkhumba za Mangalali pakupanga Karmals - ali ndi kufanana ndi izo.
Komabe, nkhumba izi ndizochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Ali ndi zaka pafupifupi chimodzi, kulemera kwawo kumafika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu mazana awiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mtundu wathunthu wamafuta, zomwe zikutanthauza zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochepa mthupi.
M'chaka chimodzi chokha, Karmalov amatha kudyetsa mpaka ma kilogalamu zana ndi makumi asanu kapena mpaka makilogalamu mazana awiri. Osachepera izi zimandichititsa chidwi.
Ngakhale mutawalola kudya kwambiri, zotsatira zoyipa zamafuta ochulukirapo zimakhalabe zopanda pake monga kudya chakudya chamagulu. Makulidwe amafuta azikhalabe ang'ono ndipo, kuphatikiza apo, amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi nyama yomwe.
Ponena za nyama ya Karmalov, ndi chokoma kwambiri, chamafuta komanso osanenepa konse. Kukoma kwake kumandikumbutsa mtanda pakati pa nkhumba ndi nyama yamwana wamkati.
Komanso, ma hybrids oterowo amalandila ma piglets okongola amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nkhumba za Karmaly ndizakuda, zamizere, zamtambo, zofiirira komanso zosakanikirana, mtundu wa motley.
Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, mikwingwirima imakonda kumatha, koma imasinthidwa ndi mtundu wokongola wa bulauni, wakuda kapena wa phulusa. Uwu ndiye mtundu womwe akuluakulu a Karmaly amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri.
Nkhumba ndi bata. Simuyenera kuda nkhawa kuti nkhumba zizimba kukumba ndi kuwononga mpanda. Komanso kuchuluka kwawo kwakukulu kumatha kuonedwa ngati mwayi wawo.
Chifukwa chake Karmal amafika pakatha zaka zana limodzi ndi khumi ndi zisanu munthawi ya chisamaliro chabwino.
Komanso, zimatha kubzala nkhumba pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Nkhumba zina pakadali pano zikungopeza kubereka. Pambuyo pobadwa, ndendende, pakatha mwezi umodzi, amatha kuyamwa kuyamwa nkhumba ndi mzimu wofatsa ndikuyambiranso.
Ubwino wabwino wa Karmalov ndiye njira yawo yabwino kwambiri yam'mimba, chifukwa chake amatha kudya chakudya chotere chomwe chitha kuvulaza nkhumba wamba.
Komanso, mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kukana kuzizira. Mimbulu imatha kukhazikitsidwa mu khola lotseguka ngakhale ali ndi miyezi iwiri, ngakhale nyengo yozizira, kukakhala chisanu, ndipo sadzaganiza konse za kudwala, zomwe sizinganenedwe za mitundu ina, yochepera.
Titha kunena kuti ali ndi chitetezo chabwino, makamaka poyerekeza ndi "Korea". Mimba yolimba kwambiri imakupatsani mwayi wokumba mbewu zonse bwino.
Ndikukumbutseni kuti Karmaly ndi wa nkhumba zakuthengo ndipo anenepetse motchipa katatukuposa ntchito wamba.
Tazindikira kale kuti kusunga Karmalov ndi kothandiza kwambiri pafupifupi m'njira zonse, popanda kukokomeza. Sakufuna nkhumba payekha, popeza amakhala ndi moyo wokwanira mumsewu - gawo lomwe lazunguliridwa ndi mpanda kapena ukonde, mosasamala nthawi ya chaka.
Komabe, kumbukirani kuti sakonda zojambula.
Mutha kuwadyetsa pafupifupi aliyense: masamba, udzu, phala. Nkhumba iliyonse yazakudya zotere imalemera kuyambira ma kilo makumi asanu ndi atatu kudza zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri kale m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Amadyanso udzu, beets ndi mbewu zosavuta.
Zakudya zotentha kwa iwo sizofunikiranso, kotero kuti chakudya chobisika ndi chosankhidwa ndichabwino. Ma Karmalas amakula msanga ngakhale pazinyalala wamba, ndipo amafunikira katatu tirigu wochepaosati mtundu wosavuta.
Nkhumba za Karmala zimakula msanga popanda zowonjezera zina: pakadutsa masiku 7-10 amayamba kudya udzu, ndipo kuyambira masiku 10 mpaka 14 - phala.
Nazi zambiri zowonjezera za Karmalas:
Nyama zokongola kwambiri izi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe odekha komanso kusafuna kuchita zolakwika.
Karmala ndizovuta kulingalira kukumba kukumba kapena kuthyola mpanda. Adzadya modekha m'khola, mwachimwemwe kuyamwa udzu, phala kapena masamba.
Mitundu yonse ya mtundu
Nkhumba za Karmaly ndizosakanikirana ndi Mangal ndi Vietnamese Whiskers. Matumba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Amakhala ovuta kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina.
Nkhumba izi zimavala tsitsi lalifupi. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha nthawi yonse kunja. Ana obadwa kumene amayamba kulemera msanga ndipo amatha kutha msinkhu atakwanitsa miyezi inayi.
M'mwazi wa nkhumba za Karmal, magawo atatu a magaziwo amakhala ndim magazi a Mangal ndipo kotala imodzi ndimagazi a nkhumba zaku Korea.
Zizindikiro wamba zakunja ndi zithunzi za nkhumba za Karmal
Karmaly, mosiyana ndi nkhumba zomwe zimakhazikika kwa ife, amavala chofewa ndipo nthawi zina amatha kuvala chovala chovala chavy.
Utoto wa timapeto tating'ono ndiwosangalatsa. Ana obadwa kuchokera ku nkhumba imodzi amatha kukhala mtundu wake. Imodzi ikhoza kukhala yakuda, imvi, yofiirira yachitatu, yamizere yachinayi ndi kamvekedwe kachisanu.
Popita nthawi, mikwingwirima imasowa, ndipo nkhumba zokhwima zimayamba kukhala phulusa, zofiirira, kapena zakuda. Khungu la Karmalov loyera lidzakhala loyera komanso loyera.
Chithunzi cha nkhumba Karmal
Madera oswana a Karmalov
Chifukwa chakuti Karmaly saopa kuzizira komanso kupatsidwa chitetezo chokwanira, amasungidwa pafupifupi m'malo onse am'nyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, ma Karmals oyenda nawo amatengedwa ndi alimi kuti apititse patsogolo mtundu wabwino wa zoweta zakunyumba.
Nthano zitha kupangidwa za nyama ya Karmalov. Gourmet kulawa mbale za nyama yamtunduwu wa nkhumba zimazindikira kukongola kwake kwachilendo komanso kotentha. Ndiwofatsa komanso onunkhira kwambiri. Ambiri amati nyama ya Karmalov pali zolemba zamkati.
Kukhalapo mafuta mu nyama ya nkhumba izi ndizochepa. Zitha kuchitika kuti nyamayo idyetsa mafuta wonenepa, ndiye kuti imatha kudula mosavuta ndikuikamo mafuta.
Ma Karmalas amawonetsa chonde kwambiri. Pakufika miyezi isanu ndi itatu, nkhumba imatha kungokhala komanso kukhwima, komanso kutulutsa nkhumba.
Pakutuluka patali, chiberekero sichifunikira thandizo lakunja ndipo chimagwira bwino ntchito yake.
Makanda obadwa kumene, omwe amatha kufikira anthu makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, amalandira mkaka wabwino ndikulemera mozizwitsa. Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, nkhumba imalemera pafupifupi centner, ndipo pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi imatha kubwereza kulemera konseku.
Zoti nkhumba mwezi uliwonse zitha kuyamwitsidwa kale ndikusamutsira udzu kenako phala zimakondweretsanso alimi. Chiberekero chakonzanso kukhwima.
Popeza Karmaly ndi gawo lamalangizo amanyama, anyama sakhala skate wawo. Wopanda mafuta ochepa thupi amatha kupangitsa kuti nyama ikhale yowutsa kwambiri kuposa mafuta.
Kubzala nkhumba ya Karmal
Pakudya msipu, nkhumba za Karmal zimakonda kuweta. Chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi udzu wopanda udzu.
Mwa zina, Karmaly amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri.Ngakhale nkhumba yokhala ndi miyezi iwiri yomwe idakhala tsiku lathunthu mumlengalenga sichisangalatsa mbuye wake ndi chimfine.
Thanzi losatha la nkhumba komanso matenda osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi zimapangitsa Karmalov kukhala wokonda alimi. Inde, kuti nyama izisamalira imangofunika korona wodalirika. Alimi aluso amalimbikitsa kuteteza nkhumba ku zokongoletsa. M'njira zina zonse, nyamazo zimakhala zozindikira.
Matumba adatenga zabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku mitundu iwiri. Uku ndi mawonekedwe atsopano.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya Matumba:
• Ordinary Karmaly, pomwe amawoloka amayi anali nkhumba yaku Korea, ndipo abambo ogulitsa nyama,
• Royal Karmaly, pamene mayi ndi wotsekera ndipo bamboyo ndi nguluwe ku Korea, zitatha izi, ntchito yoswana ikupitirirabe, ndipo Karmal yachifumu imapezeka kokha atadutsa ana ndi brazier purebred.
Mukamaweta m'matumba achifumu, mtunduwo umapezeka pafupi ndi kanyenya. Nyama yachifumu yachifumu silingafanane ndi kukoma.
Nkhumba zosakanizidwa izi zimadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu; kutha msamba kumayamba m'masiku 115. Ali ndi tsitsi lopotana komanso lakuda. Karmalas ndi mtundu wa nyama, nyama yawo imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino.
Nkhumba zosakanizidwa ndizochulukirapo pokonza, zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
Pakudya msipu, zimakhalabe m'gululo, zimadya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba ndi udzu wamba. Amakhala panja chaka chonse; kukonza kwawo sikumafuna chipinda chotentha.
Thandizo pakubala kwa ana silifunikira, kuwonjezera apo, akufesa ndi amayi abwino.
Kulima nkhumba zosakanizidwa ndizotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi nkhumba wamba, popeza palibe chifukwa chomangirira pigsty, amamva bwino pamsewu, akungomanga gawo ndi ukonde.
Zophatikiza zimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi udzu, chimanga ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndimtunduwu, aliyense amapeza kilogalamu 10 pamwezi. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu, udzu ndi beets zilipo mukudya kwawo.
Njere sifunikira kukhala yonyowa, imatha kukhala yosaphika ndi kudulidwa, chifukwa ma hybrids amakhala ndi gawo logaya chakudya cham'mimba komanso m'mimba. Amatha kumera msanga ngakhale atadyetsedwa ndi zinyalala.
Ma Karmalas amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chokwanira komanso chothandiza kugaya chakudya.
Kusatetezeka kwa ma hybrids ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa nkhumba zaku Korea ndi m'mimba mwamphamvu kwambiri. Nyama zazing'ono sizitha katemera.
Karmalas amatha kubala ana ngakhale ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ndipo nkhumba wamba zikafika msinkhu uwu zimatha kutha msinkhu. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, nkhumba zimakhazikitsidwa kuchokera kwa mkazi ndi mkwatibwi.
Yaikazi imabweretsa nkhumba 12, nthawi zina ana amatha kukula kwambiri ndikufikira nkhumba 21.
Nkhumba za Ma hybrid - Karmaly - ndizachonde.
Zoweta zankhumba zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zazikulu poyerekeza ndi ma piglets aku Korea. Ngati ma hybrids amasungidwa palimodzi ndi nkhumba zaku Korea, ndiye kuti nkhumba zongobadwa kumene za Karmalov nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi "Koreans" wazaka zitatu.
Tizilombo ta nkhumba timtundu wamtundu wokongola kwambiri, zokongola. Wamkazi m'modzi amatha kukhala ndi nkhumba zakuda, zofiirira, zofiirira, imvi komanso mitundu iwiri. Koma ndi zaka, mikwingwirima imadutsa. Mtundu wa achikulire ndi bulauni, ashen kapena wakuda.
Popeza kuti mtunduwo suthana ndi kuzizira, nkhumba zimatha kutulutsidwa m'chipinda chazaka ziwiri, zimamva bwino mu nthawi yozizira, ndipo sizidzapweteka.
Ana a nkhumba amakula msanga, safuna zowonjezera pakudya. Ali ndi zaka 7 amatha kudya udzu, ndipo masiku 14 amapatsidwa phala.
Kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka Karmaly amapeza 200 kg yolemetsa, ndipo nyama yawo imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa nkhumba wamba.
Lawani zokonda za nyama ya Karmalov
Karmaly ndi mtundu wa nyama, motero palibe mafuta ambiri munyama. Kwa zaka 1.5 amapeza kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu 150-200.
Nyama yomwe ili m'matumba ndi yoyonda komanso yowutsa mudyo, imakoma kwambiri, imakhala ngati mtanda pakati pa nkhumba ndi veal.
Ngakhale kudyetsa kwambiri hybrids, mafuta osanjikiza ndi ochepa, kupatula apo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi zamkati.
Nayi kulengezedwa kwa 03/22/2016 - 8-905-1311230 Vera - zazikazi zamiyezi itatu ndi nkhumba imodzi ya Karmal, rubles 3000 iliyonse, Yaroslavl.
Ngati simungagule ma Karmal piglets, mutha kuyesetsa kuti mutulutse Royal Karmal nokha kapena mothandizidwa ndi woweta nguluwe wodziwa ntchito: muyenera kutenga Boar waku Vietnam ndikubwera ndi Mangal wamkazi, ndikumangodutsa mzimayi wotsatira ndi Mangal.
Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti Karmal ali ndi 75% ya Mangal, ndipo 25% yotsalayi ichokera ku mtundu wa Vietnamese. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kujambula mizere iwiri ya Karmal kuti iwonso iwonongeke.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti palibe mitundu ina ya nkhumba zaku Korea komanso zaku Vietnam zomwe ndizoyambira: awa ndi mitundu ya nkhumba za ku Asia zotchedwa herbivorous lop-mbali.
Ndikuganiza kuti Karmaly ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuswana mu ecopark. Padzakhala zovuta zina mukamagula piglets, koma ndikhulupirira kuti pang'onopang'ono zitha kutola Karmalov yokwanira yapamwamba.
Pang'onopang'ono ndiziwonjezera chiwerengero cha Karmalov. Ndikofunikira mchaka choyamba kupeza nkhumba ya Karmal, ndiye kuti itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chamawa kuphatikiza mkazi Karmal yemwe wagulidwa kwina - izi zipangitsa kuti nkhosazo zikhale ndi nkhumba zake zomwe.
Sindikupereka Karmala Khryachkov: angagulitsidwe kwa okonda ena a Karmal kuti athe feteleza. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kumvetsetsa 1) kuti nyama yankhaka ya Karmalov iyamba kukhala ndi vuto liti pambuyo pake, 2) ndizotheka kuti mwanjira ina musasinthe malingaliro osasangalatsa.
Sindinadule michira ya Karmalam: pa msipu waulere, Karmaly sidzapanikizika ndipo sidzakukuta michira yawo.
Sinditulutsa zitsime ku Karmalov: ndizothandiza kuti azitha kupeza chakudya kuchokera m'nthaka.
Ndikukhulupirira kuchita popanda kuboola makutu, kwanthawi yoyamba. M'chaka chachiwiri ndiyamba kupachika timapulasitiki tating'ono tokhala ndi manambala m'makutu mwanga. Ma Karmalov onse adzajambulidwa padera la Excel tebulo.
Ndikhala ndi Karmalov monga tafotokozera patsamba Nyumba za nkhumba.
Ndikupempha aliyense kuti alankhule Ndemanga. Ndimalandila ndikulandila kutsutsidwa ndikusinthana kwa zochitika. M'mawu abwino ndimasunga ulalo watsamba la wolemba!
Ndipo musaiwale, chonde, dinani mabatani omwe ali pamasamba ochezera, omwe ali pansi pa zilembo patsamba lililonse la tsambalo.
Kupitiliza apa ...
Zofunikira
Panthawi yodzaza ndi karmal, ndizovuta kutchula machitidwe wamba, popeza mtundu wamba wabwinowo sungakhalepo. Nazi zinthu zomwe zatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mayankho a obereketsa ndi kufotokozera kwa obereketsa:
Parameti | Feature |
Chinyama | Nkhumba |
Wopanga (wosakanizidwa) | Karmal |
Mtundu wopatsa | Nyama |
Kulemera kwamasiku akulu | Wapakati pa 200-220 kg |
Kutha kwa nkhumba | Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi |
Angapo mimba | 12 mpaka 22 patali |
Chokwanira | Wakuda, wa buluu kapena wa bulauni (wofiyanso komanso wowala) |
Mabatani | Wokongola motalika, mwamphamvu, nthawi zina wopindika |
Khungu | Choyera |
Kupha kunenepa kwambiri kwa makilogalamu 150 | Miyezi 18 |
Mtundu wamafuta | Pamwamba |
Nyama yam nyama | Mpaka 85% |
Kukaniza matenda | Pamwamba |
Kulembetsa ku State Record of the Russian Federation | Osaphatikizidwa |
Zambiri Zoyambira
Poyamba, lingaliro la nkhumba za Karmal limapezeka pokhapokha m'malo olankhula Chirasha (ku Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine). Kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "mtundu" mu nkhaniyi silingafanane ndi koyenera., chifukwa tikulankhula za nyama zomwe zimatsogolera pakubala, ndiye kuti, ma hybrids, ndipo kwa ana otere mulibe miyezo yodziwika bwino. Pankhani ya ma karmalas, palibe chidziwitso chosatsutsika chokhudza mitundu yomwe idatenga nawo mtanda. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndizosokoneza mawu komanso munthawi yomwe "ntchito yopanga" nkhumba zatsopano zosiyanasiyana.
Pali mitundu iwiri yoyambira Amaganiziridwa. Malinga ndi woyamba wa iwo, makolo a karmal amadziwika kuti ndi nkhumba za mtundu wa ku Korea herbivore ndi Vietnamese wamabodza, ndipo wachiwiri - imodzi mwa Mitunduyi ndi ma Hungary mangalitsa. Sitingathe kumvetsetsa kuti ndi ziti mwazinthu izi zomwe ndizowona pazifukwa izi:
- Korea herbivore ndi Vietnamese Viscous-belled ndi mitundu yoyandikana kwambiri (awa ndi mitundu ya nkhumba ya herbivorous yaku Asia). Nthawi yomweyo, "anthu aku Asia" omwe ndi oyera, omwe amatengedwa kulowa kudziko lathu, amawetedwa pang'ono. Pamafamu ambiri, monga lamulo, zopindika za mitundu iwiriyi zimasungidwa. Mbadwa za "mestizos" omwe ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi zosiyana, zomwe, sizigwirizana ndi kutsatsa kwa malingaliro amthumba,
- minda yamafamu ndi yolima nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitanda yambiri pakati pa mitundu yaku Asia ndi ku Europe. Nkhumba zoterezi zimatchedwanso "Vietnamese" kapena "Korea". Ndizovuta kudziwa kuti ndani wa iwo amene angakhale kholo la ma shina osakanizidwa,
- Pazifukwa zina, oweta ziweto zambiri samatcha "ma braziers" osati agalu amphongo a mtundu wa Mangalitsa, koma mbadwa za makolo onyenga aku Vietnam, zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo pakufotokozera kwa makolo a hybrids.
Mwambiri, makolo a nkhumba, omwe amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina loti "matumba wamba" mdziko lathu, ndi akazi azungu aku Asia omwe amapanga nkhumba za herbivorous (ndiko kuti, imodzi mwazipangidwe zake zomwe zimapezeka pafamu yogulitsa) ndi amuna a ku Hungary mangalitsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, amagulitsanso zomwe amatchedwa zikwama zachifumu - mitundu yomwe, ndikuyang'ana kutsatsa, idapezeka kwa akazi "wamba" atatha ndi barbecue. Palibe famu yodalirika yomwe ikugwira ntchito yoswana ndi kugulitsa nkhumba za "mtundu" womwe mukufunsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizotheka kudziwa zenizeni zakomwe zimachokera kwa ma hybrids.
Ngati mukufuna kutenga matumba am'matumba a matumba a kunenepa, dziwani kuti posakhala ndi miyezo yoswana komanso wopereka wodalirika, mwayi wogula makanda achikhalidwe chosadziwika ndiwambiri kwambiri. Mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chakukulitsa zitsamba zachabe, ndipo kugula koteroko kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Kapenanso, mutha kuyesa kutenga mtundu wa "wamwambo" wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna ndikulandira mwaokha ana kuchokera kwa iwo, koma kungakhale kuyesa kopatsa zotsatira zomwe sizingachitike.
Zomwe akuti akufuna (zofunidwa) za "mtundu"
Malinga ndi magwero ambiri, mawonekedwe a ma karmal piglets ndi akuluakulu ndi kuphatikiza zabwino zomwe amatengera kwa "makolo" aku Asia ndi ku Hungary. Kuchokera koyamba, ma hybrids adalandira chonde chambiri, mawonekedwe apamwamba a amayi, chikhalidwe chodekha, luso lomanga minofu, kudya makamaka zophika ndi udzu, ndipo chachiwiri - chovala chofunda, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokhala popanda nyengo iliyonse, komanso thanzi labwino.
Poona malongosoledwe, awa ndi nyama zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lalifupi, miyendo yolimba, chifuwa chachikulu komanso kupindika kwakukulu. Kumbuyo kuli kowongoka kapena pang'ono kakang'ono, m'mimba ndichopanda kwambiri. Mutu umakhala wocheperako, mpweya umakhala wokhazikika, khosi limakhala lakuda. Makutu ndi ang'ono, owongoka. Zomangira zimakhala ngati ubweya, koma zazitali, zowonda, nthawi zina zopindika. Mtundu wa nkhumba zachikulire ndi wakuda, ashen kapena bulauni (malinga ndi zina, pali ofiira komanso owoneka). Utoto wamatumba onse ndi zoyera. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zofesa ndi nkhumba ndizofanana ndipo ndi 200-220 kg.
Oimira abere amakula m'mawa kwambiri. Zikumba zimatha kukwatiwa kuyambira miyezi inayi, ndipo pomatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu nthawi zambiri zimabereka. Mbeu imabereka popanda mavuto ndipo imasamalira bwino kukula kwa mwana. Akazi amakhala ndi mkaka wambiri. Ana onse agalu amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira, ngakhale "chisa" ndichulukitsa. Kamtunda kalikonse kamakhala ndi ana 12 mpaka 22. Ana a nkhumba amabadwa olimba ndi athanzi, ngakhale ang'ono.
Ndi zaka, mtundu wa "malaya" amtundu wakhanda amasinthidwa, ndipo nkhumba zimayamba kukhala ndi mtundu wachikulire cholimba. Kukula achinyamata sikuthamanga kwambiri: unyinji woyenera kuphedwa kwa makilogalamu 150 a nkhumba umangofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka.
Ana a nkhumba amayamba kusamukira kumadyetsedwe akuluakulu akadakula kwambiri. Kuyambira tsiku la 7 la moyo amapatsa udzu wosweka, kuyambira pa 14 amayamba kubweretsa chimanga chamadzimadzi mu chakudya. Makanda pamwezi amaletsedwa nkhumba, zomwe zikukonzekera kukhwima kwatsopano. Mkazi wachikulire amatha kubereka ana okwanira 50 pachaka.
Mtundu wa matumba a nyama adavotera kwambiri. Connoisseurs amakhulupirira kuti nkhumba iyi imakonda ngati nkhumba. Mafuta okhala m'misempha ndi ochepa kwambiri, momwemonso mafuta osakanizira. Nyama yam nyama yazinyama pafupifupi 85%. Potere, zoposa theka la zakudya za nyama zimatha kukhala chakudya chamagulu komanso chochuluka. Pamaso pa ufulu wa masamba osiyanasiyana komanso masamba omwe adakula, kudya nkhumba zonenepa kumawoneka kuti ndizodula.
Zopindulitsa
Nkhumba zosakanizidwa izi zimadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu; kutha msamba kumayamba m'masiku 115. Ali ndi tsitsi lopotana komanso lakuda. Karmalas ndi mtundu wa nyama, nyama yawo imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino. Nkhumba za haibridi siziwoneka zowoneka bwino, zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
Nkhumba za ma hybrid zimakhala zolimba komanso zowongolera kuposa zina.
Pakudya msipu, zimakhalabe m'gululo, zimadya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba ndi udzu wamba. Amakhala panja chaka chonse; kukonza kwawo sikumafuna chipinda chotentha. Thandizo pakubala kwa ana silifunikira, kuwonjezera apo, akufesa ndi amayi abwino.
Ndiwotsika mtengo kukula nkhumba zosakanizidwa kuposa nkhumba wamba, popeza palibe chifukwa chomangirira pigsty, amamva bwino pamsewu, mukungoyenera kukungani malowo ndi ukonde.
Zophatikiza zimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi udzu, chimanga ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndimtunduwu, aliyense amapeza pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu, udzu ndi beets zilipo mukudya kwawo. Mbewu sikuyenera kuti ikhale yonyowa, itha kukhala yosaphika ndi kudulidwa, chifukwa ma hybr omwe amakhala ndi chimbudzi champhamvu ndi m'mimba. Amatha kumera msanga ngakhale atadyetsedwa ndi zinyalala.
Ma Karmalas amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chokwanira komanso chothandiza kugaya chakudya.
Kusatetezeka kwa ma hybrids ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa nkhumba zaku Korea ndi m'mimba mwamphamvu kwambiri. Nyama zazing'ono sizitha katemera.
Malangizo okonza ndikusamalidwa
Kusamalira ma hybrids sikutanthauza kuyesetsa kwambiri komanso ndalama zosafunikira. Karmaly ndi omvera, osakonda kuchita manyazi, kuzizira komanso nthawi zonse. Nyama zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri kunja, ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Amafunikira nkhumba zokhazokha zodziteteza ku mvula.
Njira yophikira imakhala yosavuta, monga nkhumba zomwe zimakonda kudya zimadya tirigu wosweka ndi chakudya chowuma. Mwini wake amatha kusungabe mtengo wa mpanda wa msipu, mozungulira mozungulira ndi kiyala yazitsulo: nkhumba sizipanga "kukumba" ndipo musayese kutaya mpandawo. Ma hybrids amadya pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse, osaluma, ndipo ngakhale zinyalala zimasiyidwa m'malo omwewo, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kuyeretsa.
Poyerekeza zomwe tafotokozazi, nkhumba izi zimatha kuonedwa kuti ndi nyama zabwino kwambiri zaulimi, zothekera kutchera pafupi minda iliyonse. Ndemanga za nkhumba za Karmal, eni ena amavomereza izi. Tsoka ilo makulidwe ambiri sadziwika, popeza olemba okha sakhulupirira kuti adakweza nkhumba za nkhumba izi.
Mwachidule, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kwenikweni mtundu wa nkhumba wa Karmal ulibe. Pakadali pano, pali njira yodzipangira yokha ya nyama zosakanizidwa, zomwe, monga lamulo, zimawonekera chifukwa chodutsa nyama zomwe sizikhala ndi zikhulupiriro zodalirika komanso sizikugwirizana ndi miyezo yodziwika yoyambira.Palibe wa eni omwe amagulitsa nkhumba amene angathe kutsimikizira kuti mawonekedwe a nyama zomwe agulitsazo asungidwa mwa ana awo. Tili ndi chiyembekezo chokhacho kuti minda yayikulu kwambiri yopanga mitundu yambiri idzasankha masankhidwe a "nkhumba zabwino", okhala ndi zabwino zonse zomwe tafotokozazi. Mulimonsemo, kubereka kwamtundu wotere ndi nkhani yamtsogolo.
Kubzala matumba
Karmalas amatha kubala ana ngakhale ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ndipo nkhumba wamba zikafika msinkhu uwu zimatha kutha msinkhu. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, nkhumba zimakhazikitsidwa kuchokera kwa mkazi ndi mkwatibwi. Yaikazi imabweretsa nkhumba 12, nthawi zina ana amatha kukula kwambiri mpaka kufikira 21 nkhumba.
Nkhumba za ma hybrid - m'matumba - ndizachonde.
Zoweta zankhumba zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zazikulu poyerekeza ndi ma piglets aku Korea. Ngati ma hybrids amasungidwa palimodzi ndi nkhumba zaku Korea, ndiye kuti ma piglets oyamwa kumene nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi "Koreya" wazaka zitatu. Tizilombo ta nkhumba timtundu wamtundu wokongola kwambiri, zokongola. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kukhala ndi nkhumba zakuda, zamizere, zofiirira, zamtambo, ndi za bicolor. Koma ndi zaka, mikwingwirima imadutsa. Mtundu wa achikulire ndi bulauni, ashen kapena wakuda.
Popeza kuti mtunduwo suthana ndi kuzizira, nkhumba zimatha kutulutsidwa m'chipinda chazaka ziwiri, zimamva bwino mu nthawi yozizira, ndipo sizidzapweteka.
Ana a nkhumba amakula msanga, safuna zowonjezera pakudya. Ali ndi zaka 7 amatha kudya udzu, ndipo masiku 14 amapatsidwa phala.
Kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, matumba amapeza 200 kg yolemetsa, ndipo nyama yawo ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa nkhumba wamba.
Ndemanga za eni
Svetlana, wazaka 38, Yelets
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndidagula matumba achikazi angapo pamwezi. Ndimafuna kuyesa kuti ndikhale ndi ana, chabwino, oyandikana nawo amakhala ndi wamkulu wa boar-brazier. Panthawi yogula, nkhumba zanga zinali pafupifupi zofanana, zimasiyana mitundu yokha. Wogulitsayo adatinso kuti achokera kumtunda womwewo. Tsopano nkhumbazo ndi miyezi 5, ndipo zakuda ndizazikulu kuposa imvi, ngakhale ndimazidyetsa chimodzimodzi, ndipo malamulo ake ndi osiyana kwambiri. Zonsezi ndizabwino komanso zaphokoso. Osaluma, osadwala, okonda udzu kwambiri. Adandiuza kuti azitha kudya chakudya chowuma, koma ndimapangabe zosakaniza ponyowa. Pafupifupi nthawi yonse yomwe nkhumba imakhala paulendo (mu aviary), zimangobwera khola kuti zigone. Samakumba pansi pa mpanda, koma matabwa amtundu wa nkhumba adatchekeratu. Pazonse, zonse zikhala bwino, koma ndimakayikira kwambiri zamtsogolo. Ngati ma piglets kuchokera ku zinyalala imodzi atakwanitsa kufalikira, kodi chidzawachitikira ndi chiyani kwa ana awo? Komabe, ndiyesetsa kuchitika ndi kanyenya. Mwina china chake chofunikira chituluka, apo ayi ndichisoni ndalama zomwe zawonongeka.
Igor, wazaka 54, dera la Tver
Mu lingaliro langa, mtundu uwu umakhala wambiri. Nditenga mthumba kuti ndiyesedwe zaka zitatu zapitazo. Kuphatikiza pa chikhalidwe chamtendere, kukonda mayendedwe komanso kuthekera kudya amadyera onse motsatira simunawone zabwino zina. Nkhumba idakula pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale imatuluka "m'mimba". Pofika miyezi isanu ndi itatu, tinali wolemera kuposa 70 kg. Anali ndi mavuto ndi chimbudzi cha tirigu (ngakhale mawonekedwe a chimanga chophwanyika): pafupifupi chilichonse chinkadontha. Nyama itatha kuphedwa inakhala yotsamira komanso yokoma, ndichisoni kuti kunalibe zochuluka za izo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mwina zambiri zokhudzana ndi mtunduwu sizowona, kapena wogulitsa adandigwira. Zachidziwikire, ndikufuna kukhala ndi nkhumba zozizwitsa zachilendo, zolemetsa, zachuma, etc. Koma, zikuwoneka, ndiyenera kudikirira mpaka kukula kwachinyamata kukaonekera m'mafamu. Sindikugulanso chilichonse kuchokera m'manja mwanga: nkhumba ndizodula, ndipo zotsatira zake zomwe tikuyembekezera sizikuchitika.
Maxim, wazaka 40, Ternopol
Ndinkakonda nkhumba za Karmal. Adatenga onse wamba komanso achifumu. Wodyetsedwa pazakudya zachilengedwe, anakula mpaka 300 kg. Kusamalira ndi kudyetsa sikukupindulitsa. Omnivores, samadwaladwala popanda kutemera, amafesa pakokha popanda thandizo. Sawopa kutentha ndi kuzizira, pofika nthawi yachisanu chovalacho chimakhala chotalikirapo.
Kanema
Pokhapokha paliponse pazowetera nkhumba zamthumba zopangidwa ndi eni ake osiyanasiyana, mutha kuwona makanema otsatirawa:
Omaliza maphunziro ku Institute of Applied Mathematics. Ordzhonikidze. Mwapadera kwambiri, ndi mainjiniya-geophysicist, zomwe zimatanthawuza munthu yemwe ali ndi malingaliro owunikira komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndili ndi nyumba yanga kumudzi (motero, luso lolima, kulima, bowa likukula, komanso ndimakangana ndi ziweto komanso nkhuku). Freelancer, molingana ndi ntchito zake, wofuna zangwiro ndi "kubereka." Wokondedwa wopangidwa ndi manja, wopanga zodzikongoletsera zapadera zopangidwa ndi miyala ndi mikanda. Wokonda chidwi cha mawu osindikizidwa komanso owonera molemekeza chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndikupuma.
Mwapeza cholakwika? Sankhani lembalo ndi mbewa ndikusindikiza:
Kuchokera pa tomato wamitundu yosiyanasiyana mutha kupeza "zanu" nthangala zakufesa chaka chamawa (ngati mitunduyo inkakonda kwambiri). Koma sizingathandize kuchita izi ndi zina zosakanizidwa: mbewuzo zidzapezedwa, koma azinyamula chololera osati chomera chomwe adatengedwa, koma cha "makolo" ake ambiri.
Dziko lakwawo la tsabola ndi America, koma ntchito yayikulu yopangira kulima mitundu yotsekemera idachitika, makamaka, yolembedwa ndi Ferenc Horvath (Hungary) m'ma 1920s. XX m'ma Europe, makamaka ku Balkan. Pepper adabwera ku Russia kuchokera ku Bulgaria, chifukwa chake idakhala ndi dzina lodziwika bwino - "Chibugariya".
Ma poizoni achilengedwe amapezeka muzomera zambiri, ndipo masamba omwe amapezeka m'minda ndi m'minda yamasamba ndiwonso. Chifukwa chake, m'mafupa a maapulo, ma apricots, mapichesi pali hydrocyanic (cyanide-hydrogen) acid, ndipo pamwamba ndi peel ya nightshade wosapsa (mbatata, biringanya, tomato) - solanine. Koma musachite mantha: chiwerengero chawo ndi chochepa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kusakaniza maluwa ndi ma inflorescence koyambirira koyambirira kwa nyengo ya maluwa, pomwe zomwe zili michere mkati mwake ndizokwera kwambiri. Maluwa ayenera kumakhadzulidwa ndi manja, kuthyola ma pedicel osakongola. Zouma zosonkhanitsa maluwa ndi zitsamba, kukonkha ndi wosanjikiza, m'chipinda chozizirirapo kutentha kwa chilengedwe popanda kuwongolera dzuwa.
Zatsopano kwa omwe akutukula ku US ndi loboti la Tertill, lomwe limamera namsongole m'munda. Chipangizocho chinapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi a John Downes (wopanga zotsukira maloboti) ndipo amagwira ntchito pawokha munthawi zonse nyengo, akuyenda magawo osagwirizana pamayilo. Nthawi yomweyo, amadula mbewu zonse pansi pa 3 cm ndi chopukutira chomanga.
Kompositi - zowola zotsalira zamitundu zosiyanasiyana. Mungachite bwanji? Chilichonse chimamangidwa mu mulu, dzenje kapena bokosi lalikulu: zotsalira za khitchini, nsonga za mbewu zamunda, namsongole wodulira kuti azitulutsa maluwa, nthambi zowonda. Zonsezi zimalumikizidwa ndi mwala wa phosphate, nthawi zina udzu, lapansi kapena peat. (Anthu ena okhala m'chilimwe amawonjezeranso zina zapadera za compost.) Valani ndi filimu. Pokonzekera kutentha kwambiri, gulu la anthu osokoneza nthawi ndi nthawi kapena loboola mpweya wabwino. Nthawi zambiri kompositi "imacha" zaka 2, koma ndi zina zamakono zimatha kukhala zokonzeka mu nthawi imodzi yotentha.
Mitundu ya "sitirigu osazizira" ya mtundu wina wa sitiroberi (nthawi zambiri imangokhala "sitiroberi") imafunikiranso pobisalira monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana (makamaka m'malo omwe mumakhala nyengo yachisanu kapena chisanu osinthana ndi thaw). Masamba onse ali ndi mizu yopanda tanthauzo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti popanda pogona iwo amawuma. Chitsimikizo cha ogulitsa kuti sitiroberi wamtchire ndi "chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu", "cholimba nthawi yachisanu", "chimalekerera chisanu mpaka −35 ℃", ndi zina zotere. Wamaluwa ayenera kukumbukira kuti palibe amene wakwanitsa kusintha mizu ya sitiroberi.
Ku Australia, asayansi adayesa kuyesa mitundu yambiri ya mphesa zomwe zimamera m'malo ozizira. Kutentha kwanyengo, komwe kunanenedweratu kwa zaka 50 zikubwerazi, kuwatsogolera. Mitundu yaku Australia imakhala ndi machitidwe abwino opewera kuwotcha ndipo singatengere matenda omwe amapezeka ku Europe ndi America.
Njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yokonzera mbewu yabwino masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso ndi kuzizira. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kuzizira kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopindulitsa mu zakudya zamasamba. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, asayansi adapeza kuti palibe kutsika kwamtengo wazakudya panthawi yozizira.
Mbiri yakale
Ma Karmalas adawonetsedwa chifukwa chodutsa pamagawo angapo. Pambuyo podziwitsa zazikazi zazikazi ndi nkhumba zamtchire, wosakanizidwa adabadwa, womwe pambuyo pake unagwirizana ndi nkhumba ya herbivore Korea nkhumba.
Chifukwa chakubaluka, ma piglets adabadwa, kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi chitetezo ku matenda a boar achilengedwe, mawonekedwe achilendo a ku barbecues aku Hungary komanso bata lodabwitsa la ku Asia weniweni.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mtundu wobadwa ku Karmal piglets ukhoza kukhala chilichonse:
Maonekedwe akunja a nkhumba zosakanizidwa:
- mutu ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa thupi,
- Kusala kumadutsa, makutu ndi ochepa,
- khosi - lifupikitsidwe komanso lamphamvu,
- kumbuyo ndi chifuwa ndi chachikulu, m'chiuno chachikulu,
- khungu ndi loyera komanso,
- mwa akulu, miyendo ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwokhazikika, kwamphamvu komanso minofu.
- m'chiuno mwake ndiwoterera,
Chizindikiro cha matumba ndizomwe zili ndi tsitsi lawo.
Chovala chofukizira chamtambo ndi chovala chamkati chamkati chimaloleza kuti ma piglets azisungidwa popanda chipinda chotenthetsera ngakhale mu ozizira kwambiri. Nyama zimakhala momasuka panja pakutentha konse - zonse kuzizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yotentha.
Zophatikiza zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri lotengera kwa nkhumba zakuthengo.
Kukana zovuta zilizonse zosagwirizana ndi nyengo komanso kusakhazikika kwakhazikika ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa nkhumba m'madera onse amtunduwu ndikupanga njira zina zowonjezera zochizira ana.
Kupanga kwakukulu m'matumba ndi chinthu chinanso chosiyanitsa mitundu iyi. Kukhwima pogonana mwa akazi kumachitika pakadutsa miyezi inayi.
Kwangotsala masiku 115 kuchokera nthawi yomwe chibadwire chimabadwa mpaka nthawi yoyamba kubereka; pafupi nthawi yomweyo, mimbulu ikupitirirabe. Chifukwa chake, ana amatha kupezeka kuchokera ku nkhumba ya miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
Ana obadwa kumene amakhala akulemera kwambiri, pofika chaka chomwe kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika 100-120 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, metabolism yokakamizidwa imalola kuti karmalas isonkhanitse kuchuluka kwamafuta - pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi zigawo za mafuta ndi 85% mpaka 15%.
Amuna akuluakulu amafika kuposa 195 cm.
Zosiyanasiyana
Ma karmu, kutengera dongosolo la kudutsa osiyana mitundu, agawika m'mitundu iwiri: wamba, achifumu. Karmal wamba imapangidwa chifukwa chokwatitsa kanyenya ndi nkhumba ya ku Korea, pomwe yachifumu imafunanso ntchito yowonjezera yoweta.
Mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umachokera ku "ukwati" wa mangalitsa ndi boar waku Korea pambuyo pake umakwatirana ndi kanyenya. Matumba achifumu amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri komanso katundu wokwanira wa nyama.
Masiku ano ndizosatheka kunena kuti mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu wamatumba amapangidwa mokwanira, popeza oweta akupitiliza kugwira ntchito kukonza nkhumba izi.
Mtengo ukhoza kuyamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 3500-4000. kwa nkhumba yaying'ono.
Ndemanga
Malinga ndi alimi, zabwino za mtundu uwu ndi monga:
- khola bata - nkhumba zimachita modekha komanso msipu waulere,
- kukhwima koyambirira - ana angapezeke pakatha miyezi 8-9,
- zokolola - munthawi imodzi nkhumba imabweretsa nkhumba 20
- kusadzidyetsa pakudyetsa - wosakanizidwa amatha kupindula kwambiri ngakhale ndi gawo la mankhwala azitsamba muzakudya,
- thanzi labwino - m'mimba mwamphamvu mumatsegulira chakudya chilichonse, ndipo chitetezo cholimba chimathandizira kukana komanso kukana kwa matenda aliwonse.
- kuchuluka kwa zokolola zam'mimba nthawi yophedwa - chifukwa cha kupepuka kwa mafupawo, matumba amapatsa mwiniwake 80-85% ya zokolola za nyama za kulemera kwamoyo kwa nkhumba.
Kuphatikiza nyama
Nkhumba yomwe yapezeka itatha kupha karmal imakonda kulawa. Mitundu yochepa komanso yunifolomu ya nyama yankhumba imapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale yodabwitsa, yomwe imapangitsa kuti malonda ake akhale abwino.
Zizindikiro zamagetsi zopanga mphamvu komanso zopatsa thanzi ndizofunikira motere:
Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili ndi mavitamini ambiri a B-group, nyama ya karmal imatha kutchedwa cholembera pazofunikira zamaminere ofunika - selenium (26%) ndi zinc (16%) ndi ma amino acid ofunikira.
Chifukwa chake, pa 100 g ya nyama imakhala ndi 44% ya valine, 66% ya histidine, 52% ya tryptophan ndi threonine. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matumba a nkhumba asamangokhala osangalatsa, komanso opindulitsa kwambiri kwa thanzi la munthu.
Pamwamba mafuta osanjikiza m'matumba ndi ochepa, mafuta anyama amachotsedwa mosavuta pazinthuzo. Khungu limakhala loyera, lodziwika bwino komanso lozama komanso lofewa.
Chifukwa chakuti matumba sanapangidwire kulima kwanthawi yayitali, mafuta a nkhumba zazing'ono amakhalabe pulasitiki, amasungunuka bwino komanso amakoma ndi fungo labwino.
Kudyetsa
Kudyetsa matumba sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse. Mtundu wa mtunduwu wosakanizidwa umakhala muntchito yapadera yam'mimba, yomwe imapangitsa kuthana ndi chakudya chamtundu uliwonse.
Malinga ndi zaka, ziweto zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa malinga ndi dongosolo lotsatira:
M'badwo wa Nkhumba | Mphamvu yamphamvu |
Kuyambira kubadwa mpaka masiku 7 | Bzalani mkaka |
Masiku 7 mpaka 15 | Udzu wobiriwira |
Kupitilira masiku 15 | Kusintha ku Chakudya Chakale |
Akafuna nkhumba akafika milungu iwiri, amatha kuthandizidwa kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Nthawi yomweyo, magawo atsopano amayenera kuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuwunika momwe khanda liliri.
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera malonda pazotsatira zotsatirazi:
- masamba ophika odzaza - dzungu, kaloti, beets,
- phala yophika kapena yaphika,
- mbatata yophika - osati kale kuposa masabata atatu,
- chakudya chochuluka.
Kuphatikiza pa maziko a chakudyacho - udzu wobiriwira (nthawi yozizira - udzu), ma piglets amatha kupatsidwa tirigu wosweka, masamba osavuta ndi zipatso.
Uphungu! Mukakulitsa carmole, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera sizofunikira - kuchuluka kofunikira kwa michere kumapezeka ndi chakudya wamba.
Akuluakulu karmal
Zodzikongoletsera ndi matumba omasuka - mawonekedwe a mtundu uwu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhumba zizisavuta kwambiri komanso kuti zisakhale zolemetsa.
Mu chakudya cha nkhumba yachikulire itha kupezeka:
- tirigu wosweka
- phala lotentha
- Zakudya zosaphika,
- masamba osaphika ndi owiritsa,
- ma acorn, maapulo.
Ma Karmalis amapatsa phindu labwino ngakhale ndi chakudya chosalemekeza kwambiri - udzu wodyetsa ndi tirigu wosankhidwa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa nkhumba za herbivorous mu mtengo wabanja, kukhalapo kwa zigawo zamtengo wapatali m'zakudya zamatumba ndizowonjezera.
Pakudya nyama yowutsa mudyo komanso onunkhira kwambiri, nyama zimapatsidwa zinthu zamkaka ndi masamba azikuluwira. Ngakhale zili m'matumba osafunsa, sizabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa monga keke ya mafuta, ufa wa nsomba, soya mukamadya.
Kukhalapo kwa zakudya zotere mu zakudya kumabweretsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa makasitomala amanyama ndi mawonekedwe a nyama yamtundu wina.
Ngati mwininyumbayo sangakwanitse kupereka chakudya chokwanira chachilengedwe, chimanga ndi mafuta, amamuthandizira. Pankhaniyi, mfundo za zakudya zoyenera kudya ziyenera kuonedwa.
Mtundu wazogulitsa | Gawani muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku,% |
Chakudya chophatikiza | 70 |
Masamba ophika | 20 |
Wophika mafupa kapena nsomba | 5 |
Nyemba ufa, chinangwa | 5 |
Zabwino kwambiri zamatumba ndizakudya zachilengedwe. Zakudya zozikika siziyenera kupitirira kuchuluka kwake ndipo ndizoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira, pomwe palibe njira yowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe.
Kuti mudzaze kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti Karmalas ipatsidwe choko ndi mchere pang'ono patebulo. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini apadera azakudya za vitamini.
Matenda ndi chithandizo chawo
Mitundu ya nkhumba ya Karmaly imalephera kuteteza matenda ambiri a nkhumba, chifukwa chake safunikira katemera wokakamiza.
Komabe, pofuna kupewa poyizoni ndi matenda, ndikofunikira kupatsa nyama zokhazokha komanso zatsopano, komanso kuyeretsa komanso kukonza pakapita nthawi.
Popewa matenda, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi ipatse nkhumba njira yofooka ya potaziyamu m'malo mwa madzi. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa nyama zazing'ono.
Chiyambire cha nkhumba za Karmal
Ma Karmalas adawonetsedwa chifukwa chodutsa pamagawo angapo. Pambuyo podziwitsa zazikazi zazikazi ndi nkhumba zamtchire, wosakanizidwa adabadwa, womwe pambuyo pake unagwirizana ndi nkhumba ya herbivore Korea nkhumba. Chifukwa chakubaluka, ma piglets adabadwa, kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi chitetezo ku matenda a boar achilengedwe, mawonekedwe achilendo a ku barbecues aku Hungary komanso bata lodabwitsa la ku Asia weniweni.
Mapeyala ndi omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha makala
Karmaly, kutengera dongosolo la kudutsa osiyana mitundu, agawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
Karmal wamba imapangidwa chifukwa chokwatitsa kanyenya ndi nkhumba ya ku Korea, pomwe yachifumu imafunanso ntchito yowonjezera yoweta. Mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umachokera ku "ukwati" wa mangalitsa ndi boar waku Korea pambuyo pake umakwatirana ndi kanyenya. Matumba achifumu amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri komanso katundu wokwanira wa nyama.
Ma Karmalas amadziwika ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kuchokera kwa makolo awo
Masiku ano ndizosatheka kunena kuti mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu wamatumba amapangidwa mokwanira, popeza oweta akupitiliza kugwira ntchito kukonza nkhumba izi.
Mitundu yonse ya mtundu
Kukula kwa mtundu wa haibridi kumatsimikiziridwa ndimakhalidwe omwe abadwa awa:
- kutchukitsa nyama
- kunyalanyaza kudyetsa ndi kuthekera kukhutitsidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono,
- chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda a nkhumba,
- kulolerana kwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
- Mimba yambiri komanso kuthekera kwa umuna wotsatira wa 4-4.5 milungu itatha kulowa,
- kusoweka kowopsa kwa nyama zina, mbalame, anthu,
- kuthamanga
- kukakamizidwa kwa nyama unyinji munthawi yochepa.
Karmala sangasokonezedwe ndi oimira mtundu wina
Zapadera
Maonekedwe amatumba ndi osowa kwambiri, mtunduwu ndi wovuta kusokoneza kapena kuzindikira.
Maonekedwe akunja a nkhumba zosakanizidwa:
- mutu ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa thupi,
- Kusala kumadutsa, makutu ndi ochepa,
- khosi - lifupikitsidwe komanso lamphamvu,
- kumbuyo ndi chifuwa ndi chachikulu, m'chiuno chachikulu,
- khungu ndi loyera komanso,
- mwa akulu, miyendo ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwokhazikika, kwamphamvu komanso minofu.
Karmala wamkazi amatha kubereka ana miyezi isanu ndi itatu iliyonse
Chizindikiro cha matumba ndizomwe zili ndi tsitsi lawo. Chovala chofukizira chamtambo ndi chovala chamkati chamkati chimaloleza kuti ma piglets azisungidwa popanda chipinda chotenthetsera ngakhale mu ozizira kwambiri. Nyama zimakhala momasuka panja pakutentha konse - zonse kuzizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yotentha.
Zophatikiza zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri lotengera kwa nkhumba zakuthengo. Kukana zovuta zilizonse zosagwirizana ndi nyengo komanso kusakhazikika kwakhazikika ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa nkhumba m'madera onse amtunduwu ndikupanga njira zina zowonjezera zochizira ana.
Chovala chofewa komanso thanzi labwino kwambiri zimalola ma karmalas kuchita popanda pigsty ofunda
Kupanga kwakukulu m'matumba ndi chinthu chinanso chosiyanitsa mitundu iyi. Kukhwima pogonana mwa akazi kumachitika pakadutsa miyezi inayi. Kwangotsala masiku 115 kuchokera nthawi yomwe chibadwire chimabadwa mpaka nthawi yoyamba kubereka; pafupi nthawi yomweyo, mimbulu ikupitirirabe. Chifukwa chake, ana amatha kupezeka kuchokera ku nkhumba ya miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
Zosangalatsa! M'mwezi woyamba wa moyo, nkhumba imatha kukula mpaka 60 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafika pa 16-16 kilogalamu.
Ana a nkhumba amakhala ndi mkaka wa mayi mpaka kufikira sabata limodzi.
Ana obadwa kumene amakhala akulemera kwambiri, pofika chaka chomwe kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika 100-120 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, metabolism yokakamizidwa imalola kuti karmalas isonkhanitse kuchuluka kwamafuta - pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi zigawo za mafuta ndi 85% mpaka 15%.
Lawani za nyama ndi mafuta
Nkhumba yomwe yapezeka itatha kupha karmal imakonda kulawa. Mitundu yochepa komanso yunifolomu ya nyama yankhumba imapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale yodabwitsa, yomwe imapangitsa kuti malonda ake akhale abwino.
Nyama yamatumba momwemo ilibe mafuta ndipo ili ndi zochepa zama calorie
Mutha kupanga nyama yankhumba bwino kuchokera m'matumba a nyama
Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili ndi mavitamini ambiri a B-group, nyama ya karmal imatha kutchedwa cholembera pazofunikira zamaminere ofunika - selenium (26%) ndi zinc (16%) ndi ma amino acid ofunikira. Chifukwa chake, pa 100 g ya nyama imakhala ndi 44% ya valine, 66% ya histidine, 52% ya tryptophan ndi threonine. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matumba a nkhumba asamangokhala osangalatsa, komanso opindulitsa kwambiri kwa thanzi la munthu.
Pamwamba mafuta osanjikiza m'matumba ndi ochepa, mafuta anyama amachotsedwa mosavuta pazinthuzo. Khungu limakhala loyera, lodziwika bwino komanso lozama komanso lofewa. Chifukwa chakuti matumba sanapangidwire kulima kwanthawi yayitali, mafuta a nkhumba zazing'ono amakhalabe pulasitiki, amasungunuka bwino komanso amakoma ndi fungo labwino.
Matumba a nkhumba amathandizira thanzi la thupi chifukwa cha vitamini ndi michere yambiri
Zabwino ndi zovuta za mtundu
Ntchito ya obereketsa pakupanga mtundu wosakanizidwa idabweretsa zotsatira zabwino - matumba adalandira zabwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa makolo awo oyamba:
- khola bata - nkhumba zimachita modekha komanso msipu waulere,
- kukhwima koyambirira - ana angapezeke pakatha miyezi 8-9,
- zokolola - munthawi imodzi nkhumba imabweretsa nkhumba 20
- kusadzidyetsa pakudyetsa - wosakanizidwa amatha kupindula kwambiri ngakhale ndi gawo la mankhwala azitsamba muzakudya,
- thanzi labwino - m'mimba mwamphamvu mumatsegulira chakudya chilichonse, ndipo chitetezo cholimba chimathandizira kukana komanso kukana kwa matenda aliwonse.
- kuchuluka kwa zokolola zam'mimba nthawi yophedwa - chifukwa cha kupepuka kwa mafupawo, matumba amapatsa mwiniwake 80-85% ya zokolola za nyama za kulemera kwamoyo kwa nkhumba.
Thumba la thumba limakhala lofanana ndi chaka chimodzi
Matumba obereketsa amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zachuma - mtengo wa kupeza ndi kusamalira nyama zazing'ono umalipira mu chaka choyamba cha matumba okula. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ndalama zogulira chakudya chamtengo wapatali, kapangidwe ka nkhumba, katemera ndi chithandizo cha nkhumba. Pogulitsa matumba a nyama, mtengo wamtengo wapatali umaposa mtengo wa nkhumba wamba, chifukwa chake phindu lalikulu limaperekedwa pambuyo pa ana oyamba.
Nkhumba zamthumba sizifunikira zakudya zapadera zowonjezera mukamakula
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Kukhalapo kwa matumba a nkhumba zakuthengo kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi momwe angasungire oimira mtundu wosakanizidwa - sikofunikira kuti iwo apangire padera pathumba, chifukwa amamva bwino cholembera poyera. Kuyambira kuyambira ali ndi miyezi iwiri, nkhumba zimakondwera kukhala pamalo odyetserako ziweto m'dera lokhoma.
Nthawi yomweyo, safuna malo okulirapo - nyama zazing'ono zimalekerera mosavuta zomwe zili mu eyapoti, zikakula zimafunikira dera laling'ono lomwe lazunguliridwa kuzungulira mzere wozungulira wokhala ndi mauna achitsulo kapena matanda amitengo.
Pamatumba akuluakulu mutha kukonzekeretsa kanyumba kakang'ono ndi aviary
Matumba ali ndi malingaliro opanga bwino okondera - amakonda kukhala ozunguliridwa ndi abale awo, mwanzeru amasankha mtsogoleri wa gulu. Pofuna kuyendetsa nkhumba m'chipindacho, ndikokwanira kutumiza mtsogoleri kumeneko - ndipo nkhumba zimamutsata modekha.
Potseguka poyera, ndikofunikira kuyika zotengera zamadzi ndi zodyetsa, ngakhale kuti nthawi yotentha, matumba amatha kudya msipu - udzu wa kumunda ndi masamba osaphika. Ana a nkhumba ndi nyama zoyera, choncho amafunika kuperekedwa ndi thanki yosambira.
Ndi msipu waulere, matumba amakonda kusunga ng'ombe
Zosangalatsa! Kuteteza kumatenda a m'matumba achichepere, mafuta owerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amawonjezeredwa kuti azitha kusamba nkhumba.
Zochenjera za chisamaliro cha nkhumba
Zitatha izi, mapikisikowo amayenera kuyikamo khola laling'ono. Adzakhala komweko kufikira atafika zaka 1.5-2, pomwe amatha kumasulidwa kuthengo. Pofuna kuteteza nkhumba zazing'ono ku matenda, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chipindacho chuma ndipo zojambula sizikupezeka konse. M'miyezi yotentha, mutha kuphatikiza pang'ono pang'ono pafupi ndi nkhumba kuti nkhumba zizidyetsa panja masana.
Karmalas kuyambira ubwana amakonda kudya udzu wobiriwira
Kudyetsa matumba sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse. Mtundu wa mtunduwu wosakanizidwa umakhala muntchito yapadera yam'mimba, yomwe imapangitsa kuthana ndi chakudya chamtundu uliwonse.
Malinga ndi zaka, ziweto zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa malinga ndi dongosolo lotsatira:
M'badwo wa Nkhumba | Mphamvu yamphamvu |
---|---|
Kuyambira kubadwa mpaka masiku 7 | Bzalani mkaka |
Masiku 7 mpaka 15 | Udzu wobiriwira |
Kupitilira masiku 15 | Kusintha ku Chakudya Chakale |
Zakudya zachakudya ndi masamba ophika m'matumba - chakudya chomwe mumakonda
Akafuna nkhumba akafika milungu iwiri, amatha kuthandizidwa kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Nthawi yomweyo, magawo atsopano amayenera kuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuwunika momwe khanda liliri. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera malonda pazotsatira zotsatirazi:
- masamba ophika odzaza - dzungu, kaloti, beets,
- phala yophika kapena yaphika,
- mbatata yophika - osati kale kuposa masabata atatu,
- chakudya chochuluka.
Kuphatikiza pa maziko a chakudyacho - udzu wobiriwira (nthawi yozizira - udzu), ma piglets amatha kupatsidwa tirigu wosweka, masamba osavuta ndi zipatso.
Mbewu ya m'matumba sitha kuyimitsidwa, koma kuperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe ophwanyika
Momwe mungadyetsere wachikulire wamkulu
Zodzikongoletsera ndi matumba omasuka - mawonekedwe a mtundu uwu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhumba zizisavuta kwambiri komanso kuti zisakhale zolemetsa. Mu chakudya cha nkhumba yachikulire itha kupezeka:
- tirigu wosweka
- phala lotentha
- Zakudya zosaphika,
- masamba osaphika ndi owiritsa,
- ma acorn, maapulo.
Ma Karmalis amapatsa phindu labwino ngakhale ndi chakudya chosalemekeza kwambiri - udzu wodyetsa ndi tirigu wosankhidwa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa nkhumba za herbivorous mu mtengo wabanja, kukhalapo kwa zigawo zamtengo wapatali m'zakudya zamatumba ndizowonjezera. Pakudya nyama yowutsa mudyo komanso onunkhira kwambiri, nyama zimapatsidwa zinthu zamkaka ndi masamba azikuluwira.
Ngakhale zili m'matumba osafunsa, sizabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa monga keke ya mafuta, ufa wa nsomba, soya mukamadya. Kukhalapo kwa zakudya zotere mu zakudya kumabweretsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa makasitomala amanyama ndi mawonekedwe a nyama yamtundu wina.
Kuti tipeze matumba am nyama osangalatsa ayenera kudyetsedwa bwino
Ngati mwininyumbayo sangakwanitse kupereka chakudya chokwanira chachilengedwe, chimanga ndi mafuta, amamuthandizira. Pankhaniyi, mfundo za zakudya zoyenera kudya ziyenera kuonedwa.
Mtundu wazogulitsa | Gawani muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku,% |
---|---|
Chakudya chophatikiza | 70 |
Masamba ophika | 20 |
Wophika mafupa kapena nsomba | 5 |
Nyemba ufa, chinangwa | 5 |
Zabwino kwambiri zamatumba ndizakudya zachilengedwe. Zakudya zozikika siziyenera kupitirira kuchuluka kwake ndipo ndizoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira, pomwe palibe njira yowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe.
Kuti mudzaze kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti Karmalas ipatsidwe choko ndi mchere pang'ono patebulo. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini apadera azakudya za vitamini.
Kumene mungagule nkhumba yoyera komanso yopanga zipatso
Kupeza m'matumba ndi ntchito yosavuta. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apamwamba kwambiri, alimi ambiri ndi obereketsa achinsinsi amagulitsa ana agalu. Pa ntchito ya iwo omwe akufuna kugula hybrid wosakanikirana - malonda ambiri mumakina osindikizira ndi intaneti. Tsoka ilo, chiopsezo chokhala ndi "Korea" wamba mwanjira ya karmal kapena kugula nkhumba yopanda thanzi sichitha.
Pogula nkhumba, muyenera kuipenda mosamala
Pofuna kuti musalakwitsa posankha nkhumba yeniyeni ya mtundu uwu, ndizomveka kuti mwininyumbayo atchere khutu ku izi:
- mchira wa kankhumba kakang'ono kali kouma ndipo sikumamatira thupi, malo aliwonse a dazi kapena malo okhala ndi tsitsi lakunja ndi osavomerezeka:
- Ngakhale khanda yongobadwa kumene singakhale dazi - imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi utoto wamitundu,
- woyimira wabwino wakhanda wakhanda ali ndi miyendo yayitali yolimba, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusunthasuntha komanso kukangana kwakanthawi - awa ndi "zovuta" zomwe zimalankhula zathanzi labwino,
- Maso a nkhumba alibe kolowera tsitsi kapena chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti alibe chidwi, amawala ndikuchita bwino kwa ena.
Kusiyanitsa karmal weniweni ndi wachibale waku Korea ndikosavuta - muyenera kuyang'ana momwe nkhumba imayendera. M'mawonekedwe, mwana wosakanizidwa wakhanda ali wofanana ndi mwana wakhanda wazaka zitatu wa nkhumba yaku Korea, koma chikhalidwe cha nkhumba chongobadwa kumenechi chidzakhala chosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhumba yosungidwa.
Nkhumba zaku Korea
Mitundu yaku Korea ya nkhumba ndi yamtundu wa herbivorous. Munkhani yathu muphunzira za mawonekedwe a mtunduwu, malamulo osamalira nkhumba za mtundu uwu komanso zakudya za "Koreans".
Mu ana imodzi mutha kuwona karmalat wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zofunika! Mitundu ya hybrid yaying'ono imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nkhumba imatha kubweretsa ana omwe nkhumba zokhala ndi mitundu yambiri zidzakhalapo - kuyambira buluu mpaka wakuda ndi phulusa lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yosiyana.
Kodi ndingatulutse bwanji nkhumba?
Kukana matenda ndi zodabwitsa za chovala zamatumba zimawalola kubereka mu nyengo iliyonse. Kwa nkhumba izi, kutentha kwa minus si koopsa, ndikusangalala kukhala tsiku lonse chisanu osakumana ndi chimfine.
Ma Karmalas saopa kutentha kapena kuzizira - amathanso kudulidwa m'madera onse
Opanga nkhumba amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyanjanitsa ndi nkhumba za mitundu ina kuti apange mawonekedwe apamwamba a nyama.
Ana a nkhumba safuna katemera ku matenda opatsirana kapena otupa, chifukwa amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kuyambira pakubadwa. Matumba akangofika kutha, amafunika kulandira katemera pafupipafupi ndi mankhwala anthelmintic, makamaka m'magawo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chodwala.
Ma Karmalas sakhala ndi matenda opatsira nkhumba zambiri
Kutengera mayeso apadera a matenda ofala (matenda akale, erysipelas, chifuwa chachikulu) komanso katemera panthawi yake, ma karmalas amatha kupirira matenda ovuta.
Kulera m'matumba pamafamu akunyumba ndi ntchito yopita patsogolo komanso yopindulitsa yomwe ingapereke nyama yokoma kwa eni ake ndi mtengo wochepa komanso kubweretsa phindu lalikulu.
Kunja ndi zipatso
Nkhumba zimakhala ndi mtundu wa thupi la meaty.Mutu wocheperako, kumbuyo kumakhala kokwanira, khosi ndilotakata, chopondera mulitali, makutu ndi ochepa, ndipo miyendo ndiyolimba. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha haibridi ndi chovala chowala, ndizitali komanso ma curls. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana kuyambira wakuda mpaka ginger. Kukula kwachichepere kwasokoneza mitanda yomwe imatha ndi zaka. Khungu ndi loyera. Mapira omwe amapezeka chifukwa chovuta kukhwima amatha kulemera mpaka 200-220 kg, ndipo ma hybrids amtundu wosavuta wa Karmalov amafikira 140-160 kg pakatha miyezi 18. Kukula koyambirira kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi njira yodyetsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafamuyo. Ngati chakudya chambiri chikugwiritsidwa, ndiye kuti pofika chaka chimodzi nkhumba zimatha kukwaniritsa. Opanga nkhumba azaka za 2-3 zaka zimalemera kuchokera ku 250 mpaka 300 makilogalamu, kufesa kumalemera pang'ono. Amakhala odziwika kwambiri, chifukwa kamtunda kamodzi kamene chiberekero chimatha kupereka mpaka 20-22 nkhumba. Kuletsa kuyamwa timapeto tating'onoting'ono kumayambira pomwe ana akukula akukulira 7.7 kg.
Ubwino ndi kuipa
Karmalov atayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubereka m'nyumba. Kusadzikuza kwawo komanso kuphweka kwa ntchito yawo poisamalira zimapereka kutchuka pakati pa obereketsa ziweto.
1. Kuthamanga mwachangu komanso kusangalatsa kwina kumadziwika. Farrow akudutsa popanda zovuta, sizitengera kulowererapo kwakunja. Chitetezo pakukula kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndi 98-100%. Malingaliro opangidwa ndi amayi amatenga chisamaliro chophweka kwa nkhumba zatsopano,
2. Yoyenera kusunga kumadera ozizira komanso nyengo. Tsitsi lalitali komanso lalitali limapereka malangizo osinthira kutentha ndikuletsa nkhumba kuti isazizidwe kuzizira,
3. Mtundu wosakanizidwa umangodya zakudya zamafuta zokha, komanso chakudya chouma komanso chouma. Kuzolowera bwino mayendedwe oyenda,
4. Ili ndi mwayi mu kulawa ndi kuwoneka kwa nyama pa nkhumba yowonekera,
Mwa zolakwa, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe amtunduwu kumadziwika ndi kuwoloka kwina. Zizindikiro zimayendera ku mtundu umodzi ndipo sizitenga chizindikiro cha chinzake.
Momwe muli ndimatumba
Zadziwika kale kuti nkhumba idatchuka chifukwa cha kusabereka. Nyama ndi zoyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsukidwa mosavuta. Bwalo loyenda limawakonzera iwo. Kukhazikika kwawo kumapangitsa kuti mpanda ukhale wotetezeka ndipo simudzaona kukumba ndi kubowoletsa nthaka. Amakonda kuyimilira pakati pa ziboda zawo zakumbuyo ndikuyang'ana kupyoza. Komanso, ozizira sakuwaopa chifukwa cha chovala chabwino. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira, amatha kuyenda mosatekeseka. Kwa nyama zazikulu, chipinda chosavuta chopanda zida zokwanira kugona, ndi choyenera, ndipo kwa nkhumba zatsopano, ndibwino kupereka chipinda chosangalatsa chopanda kukonzekera, koma mpweya wokwanira. Nkhumba zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, koma, monga nkhumba zonse, zimapatsidwa vaccinations ndikuchizira matenda a helminthic. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika m'miyezi iwiri, nyama zotsalazo siziyenera kuyenderana.
Zomwe zimadyetsedwa Karmalov
Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira kwa nyama iliyonse komanso Karmal. Kupatula apo, kuti mukhale ndi nyama yokoma kwambiri, muyenera kusamalira chakudyacho. Kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, nkhumba zimangodya mkaka wa amayi okha, kenako zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku chakudya chabwino, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri imatha kudya zakudya zachikulire. Zomwe amadya zimaphatikizapo udzu wobiriwira, mbewu za muzu, zipatso, zomwe zimafika mpaka 70%, nsomba ndi nyama ndi fupa chakudya zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakudyetsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zophatikiza zochuluka kumatha kubweretsa phindu lochuluka, ndipo m'malo mwake kungopereka nyama yobiriwira yokha sikungakhale yosakoma komanso yosanunkhira.
Lawani zamunthu m'matumba a nyama
Karmaly ndi mtundu wa nyama, motero palibe mafuta ambiri munyama. Kwa zaka 1.5 amapeza kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu 150-200.
Nyama yomwe ili m'matumba siinali mafuta komanso yowutsa mudyo, imakoma kwambiri, imakhala ngati mtanda pakati pa nkhumba ndi veal.
Ngakhale kudyetsa kwambiri hybrids, mafuta osanjikiza ndi ochepa, kupatula apo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi zamkati.
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