Zotsatira za banja lolemera, amakhala kumwera kwa Europe, West ndi Central Asia, North Africa. Pamalo panu pamakhala malo osanja a namwali. Oyimira mitundu omwe amakhala kumadera akumwera amakhala moyo wokhalamo. Koma anthu ochulukirapo akumpoto nthawi yozizira amasamukira kumwera. M'mayiko ambiri, chifukwa cholima mapondedwewo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama za pansi pa madzi ku Britain, zinthu zinayamba kusowa.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira masentimita 42-45. Mapiko ake ndi 90-110 cm.C kulemera kwa thupi kumasiyana kuchokera pa 500 mpaka 900 g. Thupi lakumunsi ndi zopingasa ndi zoyera. Panthawi yakubereka mwaimuna, khosi limakhala lakuda ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera. Nthawi yonseyi, kuchuluka kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana.
Mapikowo amaloledwa komanso kutalika. Amuna ndi akazi sasiyanasiyana. Pansipa, mbalamezi zimayenda mwachangu, zikhazikika m'miyendo, zimathamanga kwambiri. Chotsa phokoso. Pa kuthawa, mapikowo amapanga mawu osangalatsa. Kuuluka palokha kumathamanga komanso kumatha kutha.
Kuswana
Kukhwima mu akazi kumachitika mwa zaka 1 zakubadwa, mwa abambo pazaka 2. Maanja okwatirana. Kukhazikika kwawo kumachitika ndi madera okhala ndi malo osatha. Chiyambireni nyengo ya kuswana chikuyamba kumera m'mwezi wa Epulo. Zimayamba ndikukhwima, pambuyo pake zazikazi zimayamba kukonzekeretsa zisa. Chidacho chokha chimakhala chaching'onong'ono pang'onopang'ono pansi pamtunda. Kuzama kwake kumafika 8-9 cm, ndipo mainchesi ndi 16-18 cm.
Mu clutch pali mazira atatu mpaka 5. Pakumwalira kwa maboma oyamba, kumanga kwachiwiri kumachitika, koma osati nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mazira awiri okha. Yachikazi yokha imalowetsa mazira. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha milungu itatu, koma imatha mpaka milungu 4. Yaikazi imagwira anapiye ndikuyamba kuyendayenda ndi ana. Patsiku lachitatu, anapiye amayamba kudya okha. Amatsamira ndikuima pa mapiko ali ndi zaka 27-30 masiku. Amakhulupirira kuti ana ang'onoang'ono a shrpt amakhala ndi amayi awo nthawi yozizira yoyamba ya moyo wawo.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Oyimira zamtunduwu amagwira ntchito masana. Kudyetsa kumachitika m'mawa ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Pamasiku ozizira, mbalame zimadyetsa tsiku lonse. Kunja kwa nyengo yakuswana, amakhala m'magulu a mbalame 50-70. Nthawi zina magulu oterewa amanjana nthawi yayitali m'magulu akulu a anthu masauzande ambiri.
Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo zakudya za nyama ndi zomera. Strepto imadya tizilombo, kukonda nsikidzi. Kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba, mbewu, mizu, mphukira zimadyedwa. Pafupifupi, tizilombo timakhala 70% ya chakudya chomwe timadya ndipo, 30% yathu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera. Pazakudya za anapiye, ma invertebrates ndiye chakudya chachikulu. Mbalamezi zimatha kuchita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, zimapeza chinyezi kuchokera kuzomera zokoma komanso kudya mame omwe amadzaza masamba.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Maonekedwe aimphongo ndi zazikazi za mbalame yam'madzi. Mwamuna, kukula kwake kwa mbalame mawonekedwe ake:
- kulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi,
- kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 44,
- pamtundu wamatoni ofiira,
- khosi limakhala lotuwa,
- kuyambira khosi kupita m'mimba kumakhala mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yosinthika,
- mulomo ndi chipolopolo kuzungulira maso ndi lalanje,
- miyendo ndi chikasu chakuda,
- miyendo yolimba
Wamkazi amawoneka wocheperako pang'ono
- khosi, mutu ndi msana - wakuda ndi wachikasu,
- kulemera kwake ndizochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kwamphongo,
- Palibe khosi lakuda ndi loyera pakhosi.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wodabwitsawu, mbalameyi imabisala mosavuta pansi komanso m'nthambi. Mbalameyi imakhala ku Asia, Europe ndi Africa. Ku Russia, mbalameyi imatha kupezeka ku South-European gawo komanso ku Caucasus. Ndi mbalame zosamukira, motero, zimawulukira ku Iran, India ndi ena kukazizira. Strept ndi wa banja laphokoso. Ndipo amakhala ludzu, monga ndi wopusa pamiyala ndi m'matanthwe.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Zimatsogolera kukhala moyo wokhazikika pamtunda. Mbalame zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, koma zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri. Ikamachoka, mbalameyo imalira, kuseka ndi mantha, imapanga mapiko, imamveka ngati likholofu. Pa kuthawa, amathanso kunjenjemera. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalame zam'madzi zikuuluka m'malo amodzi ndipo ndi amantha, koma ndikuwuluka mofulumira kwambiri, ndikupanga kuthamanga kwofika mpaka 80 km / h. Kuuluka kumachitika chifukwa chakuuluka pafupipafupi.
Wokhala ndi matope okhala pamtunda wa mitengo, m'matanthwe okhala ndi udzu wochepa thupi, m'miyala ndi m'dothi. Ndikosavuta kudziwa komwe mumtsinjewo mumakhala, mumatha kuwona zotsalira za zinyalala ndi mawondo, zomwe zimatsalira mbalameyo itadutsa pakati ponyowa.
Phazi la phala limakumbutsa phokoso lakuchepera. Matumba awo amakhalanso ndi zala zitatu, chimodzi chimakhala chachitali komanso chaching'ono, ndipo enawo ndi owonda komanso afupi, okhala ndi zikhadabo.
Ngati mungayang'anire mbalameyi, mutha kugwira zofananira ndi nkhuku wamba. Amayenda kudutsa minda, kuweramitsa mitu yawo pansi ndikuyang'ana mozungulira. Mbalame zimadyera m'minda yomwe yasiyidwa. Onani masamba a udzu ndi zotsalira za phala. Ntchentche, kafadala, dzombe ndi tizilombo tambiri timapezekanso m'zakudya.
Amapita kukawedza m'mawa kwambiri mpaka madzulo, nthawi yamatenthedwe masana amayesera kukhala pamthunzi. Amamwa madzi ambiri, koma osatha popanda iwo, amatha kusamula mame. Amachita manyazi kwambiri, amatha kuwopa kudyetsa ng'ombe, ngakhale galimoto yodutsa mumsewu.
Ma streptos nthawi zambiri amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri, ndipo asananyamuke nthawi yozizira amasonkhana pagulu.
Hunt kwa Strepto
M'malo ena kumene Chiwerengero chokhazikika okwera, kuwombera kwawo pansi layisensi ndikuloledwa. Pali njira zitatu momwe mungasankhire burosha:
Kusaka ndi galu kumayambira panthawi yomwe anapiye ayamba kale kuuluka, koma sanaphatikizane kwathunthu ndi gulu la akulu. Nthawi ya kusaka kotereku imatha milungu itatu. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga spaniels ndi malembedwe kokasaka. Amayenda mosadukiza kudutsa tchire nyengo yotentha. Mutha kusaka usiku, koma nthawi yotentha, kusaka kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri.
Muyenera kuyang'ana ana pa udzu wautali pafupi ndi minda. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zazikazi zimayendetsa ana awo kutali ndi mzake, chifukwa chakumana chimodzi, zikuonekeratu kuti ena amapita kwina pafupi. Monga tanena kale, mzimayi amayamba kaye kutenga nkhosazo pachimake, ndizosatheka kuti aziwombera.
Nthawi zambiri ana amaponya-zonse-m'modzi ndikubisala. Mwana, amatha kugona pansi osasuntha, kulola galu kukhala pafupi kwambiri. Kusaka kumapitilira mpaka mbalame zitachoka kukazizira.
Kusaka pakhonde ndikuti mbalame zikufunika kuwomberedwa m'mbali mwa njira zomwe zimadyetsa okha. Mbalame ikaona hatchi, ndikofunikira kuyiyendetsa mwakachetechete.
Kusaka ndi opaleshoni kumakhala chifukwa chakuti ngolo imakwera kudutsa m'munda kupita ku gulu la mbalame. M'modzi mwa alenje amapita molunjika pagulu, ndipo lachiwiri panthawiyi limadumphira m'ngoloyo ndikuyendetsa gululo kupita pagaleta. Chifukwa chake, chidwi cha m'mitsinje chimamwazikana ndipo ndiosavuta kuwombera.
"Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani umafunika kudziwa komwe mtsinjewo umakhala?" Mbalame yoseketsa iyi yalembedwa mu Red Book. Ndipo sikuti izi zongochitika mwangozi. Alenje ambiri amasangalala kumusaka iye akamamwa mankhwala oledzeretsa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mbalameyo sikhala m'minda yopangidwa ndi anthu. Pazifukwa izi, mitundu ya mbalame yatsika kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwawo.
Pali magulu apadera a anthu omwe amayenda ndikusonkha mazira a mbalame kuti aziyika muzoyamwa zokumbira ndi kuzitulutsa pambuyo pomenyera.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti nyama ya mbalameyi ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali, koma ngati njira zolimbikira sizitengedwa kuti izisungire ndi kuziteteza, pakapita nthawi zimatha kuwiririka ngati mtundu.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Strepto ndi ya banja la bustard, dzina lasayansi la mbalameyi ndi Tetrax tetrax. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa ndipo zikuphatikiza mitundu 26 ndi 11 genera. Poyamba, ma bustards adatchulidwa ngati cranes, koma kafukufuku wamasayansi akuwonetsa kuti awa ndi banja losiyana kotheratu.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya bustard ndi:
- zokongola,
- zazikulu zazikulu
- zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono
- Ma bustards aku Africa
- Streptos (onse a genus ndi woyimira yekhayo wa mtunduwo - zolengedwa), omwe siali amtundu wamba, koma ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu.
Mitundu yambiri ya bustards (16 mwa 26) amakhala m'malo otentha, ngakhale mbalame zimatha kusintha nyengo iliyonse.
Ziphuphu ndizosiyana mawonekedwe ake, koma mawonekedwe omwe akupezeka pafupifupi mitundu yonse amatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- mangani ndi mutu waukulu,
- Mitundu yambiri pakati pa amuna amuna ili ndi mitu pamutu pawo, yomwe imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pamasewera akukhwima,
- khosi lalitali koma lolimba
- mulomo wamfupi wolunjika
- mapiko olimba
- Palibe chala chakumadzulo, chomwe chikuwonetsa njira ya mbalame yapadziko lapansi,
- Amphongo achimuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi, koma izi zimadziwika kwambiri m'mitundu yayikulu,
- maula ooneka ngati bustard, oteteza.
Anthu onse a pabanja la bustard amakhala pansi ndipo amasuntha bwino. Pakakhala ngozi, mosiyana ndi magawo, samakonda kuthamanga, koma kuuluka, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kusaka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Mbambo Strep
Mbalameyo imakhala ndi kukula kwa nkhuku: kulemera kawirikawiri sikuposa 1 kg., Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 44 masentimita, mapiko kwa akazi 83 masentimita, kwa abambo - mpaka masentimita 91. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi akazi kumakhalanso kosiyana - 500 ndi 900 g, motsatana.
Strept ali ndi lamulo lolimba lamiyendo yokhala ndi miyendo yakuda yachikaso, mutu wawukulu, wowuma pang'ono, komanso mulomo wamalifupi. Maso a Strepta ndi lalanje wakuda. Mtundu wake ndi wofiyira, koma wosiyana ndi waimuna ndi wamwamuna. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, m'malo abata, mapiko ake amakhala olimba thupi.
M'nyengo yotentha, akazi ndi amuna amawoneka osiyana. Wamkazi samasintha chovala chake nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka: amakhala ndi imvi yambiri komanso malo ambiri akuda. Masamba amenewa amafanana ndi mafunde ang'onoang'ono, omwe amachititsa kuti mtunduwo ukhale wosabisika momwe ungathere, wokhoza kusokoneza mdani wosaka. Mimba ndi mkati mwa khosi ndizoyera.
Kodi zingwe zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Strept ku Russia
Mosiyana ndi mamembala ena a banja lodziwika bwino, omwe amakonda malo otentha, strep amakonda kutentha kwambiri. Amakhala ku Europe, Asia ndi North Africa. Pamalo okhala, malo otseguka amasankhidwa - minda ndi masitepe.
Ku Russia, zosangalatsa zimapezeka m'malo akutali:
- Pakati ndi Pansi Volga,
- Kummwera kwa dera la Ulyanovsk (kwa pafupifupi zaka zitatu sanathe kudziwa komwe kumayambira mitsinje - mwina wasowa),
- Volga
- Ma Urals aku South.
M'mbuyomu, Crypto idafalikira kudera la Lipetsk, ku Lower Don, ku Kalmykia, m'madera a Kletsk ndi Serafim, m'mphepete mwa maboma a Ilovlinsky ndi Frolovsky, m'mapiri a Salsko-Manych.
Chonde chonde ndi chinyezi chochepa ndizofunikira kuti zitheke. Chifukwa chake, masamba omwe ali ndi chonde omwe sanapangidwirepo ndi mbewu zaulimi amasankhidwa ngati malo ochezera. Chifukwa chakutukuka kwakukulu kwa minda komanso kulima minda ndi malo otsetsereka, ma strptos, omwe kale anali ndi anthu ambiri, adasinthika.
Mbalame zimasankha zigwa zowuma zomwe zili ndi malo akuluakulu otsetsereka ndi mitsinje yopanda malire - madzi ndiofunika kwa strepto, koma olusa ambiri ndi mbalame zina zopikisana nazo zimabwera kwa iye. Malo otsetsereka a zigwa zosankhidwa nthawi zambiri amakutidwa ndi turf, komwe kumabisa mbalamezo kuti zisamayang'ane maso. Pafupipafupi, amasankha mitundu yobiriwira - ndizovuta kwambiri kuvina. Nthawi zina streptos amatha kupezeka m'madothi odongo.
Chochititsa chidwi: Strepta ndizovuta kuwerengera, chifukwa m'nthawi yopanda kukhwima, mbalame zimakhala chete komanso sizosangalatsa. Koma osaka anatsogozedwa ndi phazi lawo - maula nthawi zambiri amasiya kuyika kwa tchire lofika mikono itatu.
Zisa zamtchire zimapangidwanso pansi, koma zachikazi, monga lamulo, zimachita izi komanso pokhapokha patakhala nthawi yodzala - amuna amatero popanda nyumba yokhazikika. Kwa chisa, chachikazi chimakumba dzenje ndikuchilikika ndi udzu komanso pansi pake.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kaphokoso kamakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi chingwe chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Strep kuchokera ku Red Book
Mbalame sizikuuluka usiku, monga masana nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutentha, komwe ma shrpt amabisala mumtambo wakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kupita kumapeto kwa nthawi yachisanu, kukada kucha. Anthu okhala kumadera akumpoto amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri masana, kudya m'mawa kwambiri ndikutha kumapeto kwa usiku.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Olimba amakhala amanyazi kwambiri - amatha kuchita mantha ndi galimoto ikudutsa kapena ng'ombe zikudulira m'minda.
Mbalame ndizosowa, nthawi zambiri zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo:
- mbewu ndi mphukira zamera,
- zofewa mizu
- udzu wobiriwira,
- Maluwa okhala ndi mungu wokoma,
- zitsamba, ziwala, dzombe,
- mphutsi zazomera
- nseru za magazi, agulugufe.
Mbalame zakumpoto zimakonda chakudya cha nyama, zimatha kudya ana a mbewa zam'munda ndi makoswe ena. Kuwerengera kwa nyama ndi nyama m'zakudya pafupifupi 30 ndi 70 peresenti, motsatana.
Malingaliro awo pamadzi nawonso amasiyanasiyana. Zoyambira kuchokera kumadera otentha kwambiri ndizovuta kulekerera madzi - nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje yaying'ono kapena madamu. Mbalame zakumpoto zimapeza madzi ambiri kuchokera kumbewu, motero sizifunikira kudyetsedwa kuchokera kumadzi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Strept ku Astrakhan
Streptos amakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, ngakhale amauluka bwino. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono, amatenga njira zazitali, koma nthawi zoopsa amatha kuthamanga mwachangu kwambiri. Mukamachoka, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimalira ngati kuseka kapena kumayimba mluzu; pakuuluka kwawo, nthawi zambiri amapanganso mawu oimba. Pakuuluka, mapiko amaponyedwa mwamphamvu.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Mapulogalamu amauluka mofulumira kwambiri, ndikupanga kuthamanga kwa 80 km / h.
Moyo wa strepta tingauyerekeze ndi moyo wa nkhuku zoweta. Amayenda kudutsa minda kukafunafuna chakudya, nthawi zambiri amayang'ana m'mbuyo pang'ono pang'onong'ono, koma mitu yawo imawerama pansi kuti athe kuwona bwino chakudya.
Ma streptos amasungidwa limodzi kapena awiriawiri, zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi mitundu yambiri ya bustard. Ndi nthawi ya kuswana yokha yomwe imatha kuwona momwe mabambawo amagawikidwira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakhalanso amodzi nthawi yamasamba ikadzala.
Mbalame ndi zamanyazi komanso zopanda nkhanza. Ngakhale ali ndi moyo wamtunda (aliyense ali ndi gawo lomwe amadyera) samatsutsana, nthawi zambiri akumaphwanya malire.
Ngozi ikafika, mbalameyo imatulutsa kamphepo kaye. Koma mafunde samawulukira patali - amangobisala mu udzu wapafupi ndikudikirira kuti mdaniyo achoke, atasowa kotsata. Khalidwe ili silidakhudze kuchuluka kwa mitsinje osati m'njira yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa agalu osaka amasaka mbalame mosavuta.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Strep wamba
Akazi amakhala okhwima pazaka chimodzi, amuna azaka ziwiri. Amodzi awiriawiri, ngakhale amapangidwira nyengo ya anapiye okha. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu Epulo, koma imatha kuchitika pambuyo pake ngati mbalameyo ikukhala m'malo ozizira.
Nthawi yakukhwima, khosi lamphongo limapakidwa mizere yakuda ndi yoyera - izi zimathandizidwa ndi molt wachangu. Wamphongo amayamba kuyankhula, ndikupanga mawu ndi zikwama zapadera pachifuwa chake - amatupa pang'ono akamayimba. Amuna ambiri amasankha chachikazi ndipo, akuyamba kuwuza ndi kuwulutsa mapiko awo, kutsitsa nthenga ndi nthenga. Wamkazi amasankha wamwamuna wokondedwa kwambiri molingana ndi kuvina kwake komanso kukongola kwa nthenga.
Chosangalatsa: Kusaka mbalame nthawi yakukhwima inali imodzi yodziwika bwino - nthawi yakukhwima, anyani amawuluka akuvina mosatalikirana kwambiri kuchokera pansi, amakhala osatetezeka.
Akakhwima, wamkazi amayamba kukonzekeretsa chisa: amakumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 10 ndikuzama masentimita 20. Kenako amayikira mazira 3-5, omwe amakhala mwamphamvu kwa masabata 3-4. Ngati mbawala yoyamba ikafa mkati mwa sabata pazifukwa zina, ndiye kuti mkaziyo amaikira mazira atsopano.
Wamphongo ali pafupi, koma osadyetsa mkazi, chifukwa chake, nthawi yamakulidwe, amachepetsa thupi. Ngati zilombo zawoneka pafupi, zamphongo zimakopa chidwi chawo ndikumupititsa kutali ndi womanga. Koma, ngati nyamazo zimangomanga, ndiye kuti zilibe nzeru kuti mkaziyo achoke pachisa, chifukwa chomwe wamwaliracho.
Kuyambira masiku oyamba, ana amphaka ogwidwa amayamba kutsatira amayi awo ndikudyetsa okha. Yaimuna ili pafupi mpaka anapiye atatsamira kwathunthu ndikuyamba kuwuluka - izi zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Nthawi zambiri ana amakhalabe ndi amayi awo nthawi yozizira, kenako ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Adani Achilengedwe a Strepto
Chithunzi: Zithaphwi kuthawa
Kutengera ndi malo omwe akukhalako, strepto imakumana ndi adani omwe amasiyana nawo.
Ku North Africa, awa ndi:
Pa gawo la Russia, strepto ikuyang'anizana ndi otsatirawa:
- Mbawala za ku Arctic ndi mitundu ina ya nkhandwe,
- mbewa, mbewa, mbewa, zomwe mbalame zimasangalatsa ndi mazira awo,
- lynx ndi wolverine
- timabowo ta mbewa ndi ma hedgehogs amatha kuwononga zisa za mbalame.
Ikakumana ndi chilombo, mbalameyo imakwera m'mwamba, ndikulira. Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chomwe mbalame imalira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimangokhala zokhazokha ndipo palibe amene angadziwitse za ngoziyi. Amakhulupirira kuti zizolowezi zimapezeka mwamagulu onse am'banja lotopetsa, ngakhale ali ndi moyo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Mbambo Strep
Kutha kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri:
- bwino kuswana bwino. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimayikira mazira awiri pachaka, koma anapiye ambiri sakhala ndi moyo,
- kufa kwakukulu kwa akuluakulu ochokera kwa adani achilengedwe,
- kusaka ponseponse kwa strepto panthawi yake,
- chitukuko cha minda ndi mapazi - malo okhalamo osangalatsa. Mbalameyi singathe kukhala pafupi ndi munthu chifukwa cha kutopa.
Ambiri mwa anthu amtunduwu akuswana bwino bwino ku Spain - pafupifupi 43071 miliyoni. Pafupifupi anthu 9,000 amakhala ku Europe ku Russia, pafupifupi anthu 20,000 adawerengedwa ku Kazakhstan nthawi ya 2011.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwakukulu, kudakali kuchepa kwambiri kwa chiwerengero cha ma streptos m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Strep anazimiririka ku India, Romania ndi ku Croatia, ngakhale anthu akumayiko awa anali okhazikika.
Hunter imayamikiridwa chifukwa ndiyabwino, ndipo munthawi ya Ulamuliro wa Russia, inali yosakidwa mwachangu. Tsopano ku Russia kusaka kwa streptos koletsedwa, ngakhale kuti mitunduyi ikupitirirabe chifukwa cha chifukwa ichi.
Chitetezo cha Strept
Chithunzi: Strep kuchokera ku Red Book
Otsatirawa akufotokozeredwa ngati njira zosungira anthu okhala mumtsinje:
- Kuyimitsa kukula kwachuma pa malo azisumbu. Kuwonjezeka kwachuma mderali kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa makina ndi zida zamagetsi, kuyika kwazosungidwa pakupanga zinthu, kusokoneza, kuwononga mbewu zomwe mbalame zimadyera,
- kuwonetsetsa kuti mbalame zizitha kutenthedwa nthawi yozizira, chifukwa nthawi ya ndege komanso nthawi yozizira imasowa kwambiri chifukwa cha nyengo komanso kupha,
- kulimbitsa madongosolo a zachilengedwe, kupanga njira yosungira zachilengedwe zachilengedwe,
- Kuthana ndi zomwe zasintha mu steppe ndi ma biotopes a m'munda - kuchotsedwa kwa kubzala m'nkhalango komwe kumakhala kuli chokhazikika, chifukwa izi zimawononga chilengedwe chakumapeto kwa ntunda.
Pulogalamu yokhazikitsidwa "Kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka malo otetezedwa ku steppe biome ya Russia" imapereka chiwerengero cha kuchuluka ndi kufalitsa mbalamezi, poganizira zofunikira zachilengedwe mdera la Orenburg komanso ku Republic of Kalmykia.
Strept - mbalame yofunikira poteteza chilengedwe cha mapiri ndi minda. Imathandizanso kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, kuphatikizapo omwe akuvulaza minda. Kuwonongeka kwa strepta kudzaphatikizira kufalikira kwa tizilombo komanso kutha kwa zilombo zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino kuchuluka kwa mbalame zosowa komanso zokongola izi.
Maonekedwe a Strept
Ndili pafupi ndi nkhuku yolemera (pafupifupi 1 makilogalamu), mbalame yokhala ndi thupi imakhala yomweyo: nyama yofota yokhala ndi mchira wamfupi, mapiko opindika, mutu wawung'ono pakhosi labwino. Utoto wa cholembera umatengera jenda - amuna ndi akazi amasiyana kwambiri.
Wamphongo pakhosi alibe mkanda wa nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera, koma ziwiri: pamwamba, loyera wonyezimira, limayimirira motsutsana ndi maziko akuda mawonekedwe a khosi lalitali, pansi ndi lalikulu, ngati mpango.
Mbalame ya Strepto - yamphongo, chithunzi
Akazi ndi amwano, odzichepetsa, palibe zodzikongoletsera zowoneka pamatupi awo zomwe zimawoneka pakuyima kapena atakhala. Koma burodi yachikazi yowuluka ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka: mapiko ake atatambasuka, nthenga zofiirira zakuda zimawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko oyera wamba. Ngakhale kansalu ka akazi kamakhala ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino kwa lalanje kuzungulira maso.
Mbalame ya Strepto - chachikazi, chithunzi
Habitat ya bastard, mawonekedwe a machitidwe
Baskiria, North Caucasus, Transcaucasia yonse, Altai ndi Kazakhstan - iyi ndi mndandanda wosakwanira wa malo omwe strepto imapezeka ku Russia. Mbalame zosamukasamuka, ma fleptos m'magulu a anthu othamanga kupita ku India, Indochina ndi Iran.
Mitambo ikamadya ikufunafuna chakudya, imawoneka ngati nkhuku - imayendanso pansi, ndikuweramitsa mitu yawo pansi, koma ngakhale atatengeka ndi kufunafuna chakudya, mbalamezi sizitha kukhala tcheru ndipo, zikagwa, zimatha mwadzidzidzi.
Wothamanga wam'mbuyo, amatha kuuluka ndikuuluka, ndipo dzina loyambirira la mbalameyo limachokera mumayendedwe othawa kwawo. Chingwe chikamafuna kuuluka, chimayamba kuwomba likhweru ndikupanga mawu ofanana ndi kuseka, nthawi zambiri chimatulutsa mapiko ake.
Madzulo, kukatentha malo otsetsereka, mbalamezi zimabisala mumsongole kapena tchire, mbalame zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ma streptots amamwa kwambiri, ndipo ndiwachirengedwe panjira yopanga chinyezi - ngati palibe ma dziwe pafupi, ndiye kuti atha kuchita popanda iwo kwa nthawi yayitali, akutenga mame kuchokera ku udzu.
Strepto imadya udzu, zipatso zazing'ono, mbewu, koma amakonda nsikidzi zamtundu uliwonse, mphutsi. Chithandizo cha ngalande ndi dzombe; m'malo mwa zowombera zowombera, dzombelo limayambitsidwa ndipo limawononga kwambiri malo obzala.
Malo okhala Habitat
Mbalame yokhala malo imasankha mapondedwe, mapiri otseguka ndi zigwa zomwe zili ndi udzu wochepa, malo odyetserako ziweto komanso malo ofesedwa nyemba. Mitunduyo imafunikira masamba ndi malo osakumanapo kuti chisa chisisitere.
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Madera omwe amakhala
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Mitundu ya mbalame kumwera kwa Europe ndi North Africa, ku West ndi East Asia. M'nyengo yozizira, anthu akumpoto amasamukira kumwera, mbalame zakumwera zimakhala mokhazikika.
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Momwe ma Streptos amawulukira
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Mbalame imayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo imafuna kuthamanga; ikasokonekera, siyitaya. Ngati iuka, imawuluka ndi khosi lotambasulidwa, imapindika msanga ndi mapiko osalala.
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Kodi mbalame zimadya chiyani?
Strep amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (tating'onoting'ono), ma nyansi oyenda pansi, ma buluku, ma amphibians komanso ma invertebrates apadziko lapansi, timadya zomera, mphukira, masamba, mitu yamaluwa ndi mbewu. Kuchokera munthawi yakubereketsa, mitsinje imapanga magulu akulu odyetsa minda.
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Momwe amuna amakopera akazi
Strepto imachita miyambo yochititsa chidwi kukopa achikazi. 'Dansi yodumphadumpha' imachitika paphiri lopanda zomera kapena dera laling'ono.
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Mbalame imayamba ndi kuvina kwapafupi, ndikupanga mawu ndi miyendo yake. Kenako amalumphira m'mwamba mpaka mita 1.5, ndikulengeza kuti "prrt" ndi mphuno yake ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawomba mapiko ake kuti apange mawu oti "sissy". Kuvina kwachizolowezi kumachitika nthawi zambiri mbandakucha, ndipo kumadzulo, ndipo kumakhala masekondi angapo, koma phokoso lamphuno limatchulidwa masana.
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Nthawi yovina, yamphongo imadzuka rofi wakuda, ikuwonetsa kaso lakuda ndi loyera la khosi lake, ndikuponya mutu wake kumbuyo. Podumpha, amphongo amatsegula mapiko awo oyera.
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Amuna amathamangitsa zazikazi kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amayimilira kuti apange mawu ndikusinthira mitu yawo ndi matupi awo mbali ndi mbali. Pochita kukakamira, yamphongo imagunda mutu wa mnzake ndi mkamwa.
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Kodi mbalame zimatani mutatha kukhwima pamiyambo
Nthawi yakuswana ndiyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Juni. Chisa cha Strepto ndi chopendekera pansi, chobisidwa mu chivundikiro cha udzu wandiweyani.
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Yaikazi imayikira mazira 2-6, incubates pafupifupi masabata atatu. Wamphongo amakhala pafupi ndi malo odyera. Ngati mdani afika, onse akuluakulu amakhala mozungulira mutu wake.
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Nkhuku zaphimbidwa ndi mitsempha yotsika ndi mawanga amdima. Kutsika kumagwera masiku 25-30 pambuyo pa kuwaswa ndikusinthidwa ndi nthenga. Amphaka amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka kugwa.
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