R otan (Perccottus glenii) amatanthauza nyama zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono zam'madzi am'madzi, zomwe zimapanga mtundu wa "firebrand" (Perccottus). Dziko lakale la taxon ndi Kum'mawa. Kusintha kwachilengedwe kumeneku komanso mawonekedwe akunja kwa nthumwi za banja loyendera (Gobiidae) adayambitsa dzina lolakwika - the Amur goby. Komanso, m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nsomba imatchedwa udzu, Zelenchak, gorlach, gulp, gingerbread rotan kapena kungoyambira moto.

Kodi rotan: Kufotokozera ndi dera

Chifukwa chakuluma kwantchito, kulawa kwabwino komanso zonenepa zamafuta, nsomba zamtunduwu ndi chinthu chotchuka pamasewera komanso usodzi wa amateur. Kukana kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi kutentha, kuchepa kwa okosijeni, madzi owipitsa komanso madzi osasunthika kwapangitsa kuti malo okhala moto azikhala pafupipafupi m'madzi ambiri, mitsinje, matziwe ndi malo osungira ambiri ku Russia. Rotan amakhala ku Nyanja ya Baikal, Volga, Ural, Don, Irtysh, Kama bas, malo osungirako zigawo za Moscow ndi Leningrad.

Tsopano magawo a rotan omwe amakhala ndi malo osakhala anthu okhala kuchokera kumalire a Russia-China (Ussuri, Urgun, Amur) kupita kudera la Kaliningrad, Neman, Narva ndi Lake Peipsi.

Choyimira moto ndichosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi nthumwi zina za ichthyofauna ndi mawonekedwe ake:

• mutu waukulu (1/3 wa kutalika kwa thupi),
• Komaliza yachiwiri ndi yayikulu kuposa yoyamba,
• thunthu lozunguliridwa ndi mchira woyengedwa bwino,
• sikelo zokutira, zokulirapo, zazitali
• pakamwa lalikulu ndi nsagwada ya m'munsi yotalika komanso mizere ingapo ya mano ang'onoang'ono owongoka omwe amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi,
• malo otsika
• imvi
• utoto woyambira phulusa lofiirira komanso lofiirira,
• Mikwingwirima yopepuka ndi mawanga zimabalalika mosasankha mbali.

Chifukwa chofanana ndi chakunja, ndikofunikira kudziwa kusiyana pakati paola ndi ng'ombe. Ndikofunika kulabadira zipsepse zamkati - pamwamba pamutu pali ziwiri, ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Poyimira ma gogo, chovala chosambira chophatikizachi chatakula limodzi ndipo chikuwoneka ngati kapu yayikulu.

Mawonekedwe amakhalidwe ndi zakudya

Rotan amadziwika ndi kukula kocheperako ndipo amatsogolera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wokhala ndi moyo, kumamatira pansi komanso pobisalira mwachilengedwe (miyala, masamba, snag). Mphaka, nsomba zolemera 200 mpaka 200 g zimagwidwa nthawi zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ma rotan kumafikira 750-800 g ndi kutalika kwa 25-30 cm.anthu okha omwe akhala ndi moyo wawo wonse (zaka 7-8) m'malo otakasuka komanso otakasuka omwe amatha kudzitamandira pamtunda wotere.

Rotan ndi nyama yolusa, yolusa komanso yosakonda kudya yomwe imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina kuwononga kotheratu, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zina ndi zina zapamadzi, mwachitsanzo, achule ndi zatsopano.

Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri a rotan ndi maiwe ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi malo oyimitsa kapena oyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso masamba ambiri am'madzi. Chifukwa cha zida zapadera zachilengedwe komanso mucous membrane wa thupi, nsomba imayimitsidwa ndikuuma komanso kuzizira kwa dziwe, mtsinje, njira, nyanja.

Maziko a chakudya chama firebrands amaphatikiza leeches, nyongolotsi, mphutsi, yaying'ono invertebrates, tadpoles, caviar ndi achinyamata a nsomba zina (bream, carp, crucian carp, gudgeon, wamba carp, roach, loach). Kuphatikiza apo, iye ndi scavenger wodziwika ndi wansontho. Mkhalidwe wotsirizawu umatchulidwa kwambiri m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa rotan. Nawonso nsomba zazikulu zimadyanso udzu. Kutengera ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a posungira, ikhoza kukhala pikeperch, pike, burbot kapena catfish.

Rotan amakhalabe wogwira ndipo amakhala ndi chikhumbo chabwino kwambiri chaka chonse, chomwe chimalola kuti zigwire pamadzi otseguka komanso ayezi. Nsomba siziletsa kudya ngakhale mvula, mphepo yamkuntho, kutentha kwambiri ndi chisanu. Chilala chosasangalatsa chimasowa pokhapokha patadutsa nthawi.

Chifukwa cha kamwa yake yayikulu ndi pakhosi pake, nyama yolusa imatha kumeza pang'onopang'ono komanso molimba mtima kudya momwe. Zikatero, m'mimba mumachulukana kwambiri, ndipo m'mimba mumayamba kupindika. Kenako nsomba yodyetsedwa bwino imira pansi, ndikupeza malo odalirika ndikugaya chakudya masiku angapo, yatsala pang'ono kusuntha.

Kuswana

Kutha msamba kwa rotan kumachitika zaka 2-3. Zomera zimachitika mu Epulo-Meyi pa kutentha kwa + 15-18 ° C. Madzi osaya okhala ndi masamba obiriwira kapena tinthu tambiri tosakhazikika timasankhidwa ngati malo otambalala, pomwe akazi a rotan amaika gawo la mizere ingapo ya mazira autali komanso omata komanso awiri a mamilimita 1.3-1,5. Kupuma pakati pama ndende ndi milungu iwiri. Munthawi imodzi, mkazi aliyense amatha kupatsa moyo 800-1000 mwachangu.

Munthawi yakubereka, anyani amtundu wakuda, chifukwa chomwe amtunduwo adalandira dzina loti "firebrand". Akangotulutsa, amasamalira ana amtsogolo, amateteza ubweya wake nthawi yonseyo ndikuwupaka ndi zipsepse kuti mulemere mpweya. Mphutsi za Rotan zimakhala zotetezeka kwathunthu, zomwe zimaswa mazira pambuyo masiku 4-5 ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimasinthira kudya zooplankton. Nthawi yomweyo, mwachangu wachikulire umatha kukhala chakudya chamadzulo cha kholo lawo, chifukwa chake limabisala mosadalirika mumtunda wakutali kutali ndi abale ndi nsomba zina.

Kugwira rattan

Mitundu ya udzu imakonda malo osaya a m'mphepete mwa nyanja mwachangu, tinthu ting'onoting'ono tambiri, ma amphibians, ndi mphutsi zam'munsi, zomwe zimakhala maziko a chakudya chake. Zikakhala conco, kuwedza nsomba zamtundu wautali wamtundu wautali sikungachitike chifukwa kubwezeretsa mobwerezabwereza. M'madzi otseguka, otentha kwambiri, yomwe ingakhale yoyenda bwino kwambiri ndi kotheka ndiyo ndodo ya nsomba.

Chapakatikati, nthawi yophukira komanso m'masiku a chilimwe, kuwala kutuluka mwachitsanzo, microjig, kumawoneka bwino. Komanso kuti pakhale chete mwamphamvu komanso molondola rattan yayikulu, zergel kapena donka kuchokera ku botolo ndiloyenera. M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zimagwidwa ndi nyambo kapena ndodo yonyamula kumaso.

Kusankha kwanyambo

Mitundu ya gluttony ndi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imazindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazizilombo zochokera kuzinyama. Zoyala zam'madzi zam'madzi zoweta

• zokwawa, nthaka ndi nyongolotsi,
• nsungu zamagazi, mphutsi, ntchentche za caddis,
• nyama ya nkhono, abodza, amphibians,
• nyambo yaying'ono yapa,
• nyambo yochita kupanga.

Nthawi zambiri ankakonda kugwira rattan yanyama ndi khungu la nkhuku, magawo a ng'ombe ndi mafuta anyama, nsapato za nsomba zatsopano. Nyambo zoterezi zimakupatsani mwayi wambiri wolimbana ndi nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama ndipo zimapweteketsa kuluma kwa mitundu yamatumbo: crucian carp, roach, rudd, etc. M'malo ochulukirachulukirachulukira, rotan imatha kukhazikika pamiyala ina ya mbewu (nandolo, mkate, chimanga, mtanda).

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Poyamba, nsomba za rattan zimakhala pamtsinje wa Amur, ndipo pambuyo pake zidawonekera m'malo osungira madzi abwino ndi madzi abwino. Komwe kudachokera sikukudziwika, pali malingaliro ena onena za kugawa kwa wolusa Poyamba, inali nsomba yam'madzi yomwe inkachokera ku India. Iye ndiwokongola komanso wosasamala, wopangidwa bwino kwambiri m'madzimo osasunthika. Amutcha ng'ombe ya Amur.

Otsatira a Aquarists adaganiza zoyeserera kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi yomwe yapulumuka, iwo adatulutsa gawo loyimitsa moto mu dziwe la Moscow. Anthuwa ankasambira bwino komanso kudziwa bwino dziwe. Pambuyo pake adayamba kukulitsa malo awo, kusankha madambo okhala ndi madzi osasunthika.

Kugawidwa ku zigawo za Moscow ndi Leningrad. Pang'onopang'ono, nsomba za rattan zidalowa m'mitsinje ya ku Europe, madzi abwino aku Russia. Kufalikira kumadera akum'mawa.

Adatcha firebrand chifukwa cha mawonekedwe. Gawo lachitatu la thupi limakhala ndi mutu. Pakamwa pamakhala zazikulu ndi mano akuthwa omwe amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Maso ang'ono amayang'ana mtsogolo. Kuwona lakuthwa kumakupatsani mwayi wolabadira msangamsanga. Kunja kofanana ndi ng'ombe yamphongo, koma ndi a banja la ozimitsa moto. Asodzi omwe samadziwa kuti ratan amawoneka ngati ng'ombe yamtsinje.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Thupi limakhala lokwinya komanso lalifupi. Makala sawala. Mithunzi yamitundu imasiyana. Utoto wake umatengera kuwala ndi mtundu wa pansi penipeni momwe akukhalamo. Mithunzi yobiriwira komanso yakuda kwambiri imakhala yofala kwambiri. Pangidwe mwa mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima ndi mawanga azithunzi zosiyanasiyana. Mimba ndi imvi. Pakutuluka, thupi la anyamatawa limadetsedwa, chifukwa chake omwe sadziwa kuti ratan amawoneka bwanji ngati nsomba zamtundu wina.

Pa zokutira za gill pali msana wofewa, wabwerera. Zipsepazo ndizosindikizidwa ndi maonekedwe amtundu, zowonekera. Kumbuyo ndikutali kuposa kutsogolo. Mphesa za Caudal ndi pectoral zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mimba yaying'ono kwambiri, yolumikizidwa, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mutu.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa munthu ndi 14-25 cm, koma mutuwu nthawi zambiri umafika kutalika kotere. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo ndi zaka 4-5, koma m'malo abwino amakhala mpaka zaka 7. Kulemera 350-400 g .. nsomba ndizolimba. Amalimbana ndi kuzizira kwa dziwe mpaka pansi, kuyanika pang'ono, kusowa kwa mpweya, chinyezi komanso kuwonongeka kwa madzi.

Kodi rotan amakhala kuti?

Ndiwosakhazikika pokhudzana ndi moyo ndi zakudya, koma mumakonda mitsinje ya mitsinje yokhala ndi masamba abwino, madona akale, madamu okhala ndi madzi osayenda. Amasamala ndikuyenda, kuyesera kuti asasunthire pafupi.

Poyamba, mitunduyi idalembedwa ku Far East kwa Russian Federation, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, beseni la Amur, komanso kumpoto kwa North Korea. Pambuyo pake adakhazikika Baikal ndi malo osungirako ku St. Petersburg, komwe adamasulidwa mwadala.

Tsopano firebrand amawonedwa ku North Eurasia, mitsinje ya Danube, Dnieper, Volga, Don, Dniester, m'malo ambiri osungirako Russia. Waterfowl amathandizira kukulitsa chiwerengero cha anthu. Amakhala ndi mazira okhathamira kumiyendo yawo mtunda wautali.

Kodi ratan amadya chiyani?

Mapaipi amadya zooplankton. Makanda okhwima amadya benthos ndi invertebrates. Akuluakulu amadya mwachangu, ma tadpoles a amphibians, mphutsi za tizilombo, zatsopano ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Amatha kudya nsapato zazing'ono zamoto ndikuwotcha kwawo, cannibalism ndizofala. M'madziwe ang'onoang'ono, nsomba za rattan zimaswana bwino ndikuononga nsomba zamtundu wina.

Asayansi amatcha kuti rotan ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, chifukwa timasamba tosungidwa bwino. Imawonongeratu nsomba zamtundu wina m'derali ngati kulibe nyama zazikuluzikulu m'malo mwake.

Ndi wosusuka kwambiri. Osanyalanyaza leeches, earthworms, caviar ndi tizilombo. Amatha kudya nyama yoboola, kumeza nyambo. Nthawi imodzi, amadya chakudya chochuluka, motero m'mimba mwake amawonjezeka katatu. Itha kudya nsomba ziwiri zazitali mpaka ma 4 cm kutalika kwa tsiku .. Zimakhala zosavuta kugwira ratan ndi ndodo yodziwika, nsomba zazingwe kapena nyama yaiwisi pa mbedza.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Rotan sakufuna pa kutentha kwa madzi. Amamva bwino m'madzi pa kutentha kwa + 3⁰ - + 40⁰. Analoleza kusunga m'madzimo. Kuti muchite bwino bwino pamafunika malita 10 a madzi pa munthu payekhapayekha. M'malo ochita kupanga, nsomba zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino chifukwa chakuwala bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupereka malo okhala ndi masamba ambiri.

Pamsaka, akusambira mwakachetechete m'madzi, kupita kwa womenyedwayo. Pafupifupi masentimita 10 mpaka pomwepo, wolusa amapanga chimbudzi ndi kumeza nyama yake osaphonya. Wovutikayo alibe nthawi yoti atalikirane naye, chifukwa samazindikira munthawi yake. Udzu wa udzu umakonda nkhokwe zazikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zikhale zovuta. Matcheni amagwidwa mosavuta mumatope ndi mabatani.

Mutha kugwira ndodo yophera nsomba ndikungotumphuka pakuzama konse, kuphatikizaponso m'madzi osaya, pomwe pansi pakuwoneka bwino. Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa zilombozi. Mutha kudziwa kukhalapo kwake ndi mthunzi woponyedwa pansi.

Ngati nyambo yachilengedwe sinaperekedwe, nyambo zonyansa ngati nyongolotsi ndi mwachangu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha nyambo kuchokera ku mphira, ngati nsomba panthawi yosaka imayang'ana pa kukoma kwa nyama.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Anthu azaka ziwiri ali okonzeka kubereka. Amayi omwe amatha kuwaza amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 7. Mutu umafalikira mu Meyi-June, posankha malo okhala ndi masamba ambiri. Amuna, kumtunda kwa mutu kumatupa, thupi limada. Wamkazi wamkulu mmodzi wameza mazira 100 mpaka 1 miliyoni.

Kupanga kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu palokha. Mazira amakhala omata, okhazikika bwino, amatha kukhazikika pansi, osakanikira zinyalala zapakhomo zomwe zakhazikika pansi.

Yaimuna imateteza mazira mpaka nthenga zitakula. Kenako amasintha momwe amaonera ana, chimakhala chandamale chosaka. Kuti apulumuke, tadpoles amakakamizidwa kubisala mu algae ndi pakati pazinthu zosiyanasiyana pansi. The mwachangu amadya chakudya chokhazikitsidwa ndi nyama zokha, pomwe munthuyo amakula, kukula kwa nyama zomwe zimakula kumawonjezeka.

Adani achilengedwe a ma rotans

Nsomba ndizosangalatsa, motero zimayambukiridwa mosavuta ndi majeremusi. Mitundu yonse ya helminth imakhala m'thupi, kuchepetsa moyo. Ngozi yayikulu imayimiriridwa ndi zilombo zazikulu, kukula kwake komwe kumalola kusaka kwa rotan ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero chake. Adani akuluakulu ndi nsomba, catfish ndi pike.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Nsomba za Rotan zimadziwika kuti ndizopepuka chifukwa zimachulukana mwachangu ndipo zimadzaza nsomba zina, kuphatikiza mitundu yofunikira. M'malo ena osungirako, anaikidwa ngati "Wochulukitsa chilengedwe mwaola". Chisankho chinapangidwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu mdziko muno mwakugwira nsomba zazikulu m'malo omwe amagawidwa kwambiri kuti zitha kubereka.

Ndi nsomba yolusa

Nsomba za Rotan sizigwira toyesa zazikulu, chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kuzitcha kuti zilalambazi zomwe zimawononga chilichonse mzere. Kuchuluka kwa crucian carp, carp ndi nsomba zina kumachepetsedwa chifukwa chodya caviar ndi mwachangu.

Udzu ndiwothandiza komanso zovulaza nthawi imodzi. Ndiwotchi yolumikizana ndi tinsomba ting'onoting'ono, titha kuwononga mitundu yonseyo m'njira. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali m'malo osungiramo madzi amachepa, nsomba zomwe zatsala zimapeza chakudya chochuluka, zimakula.

Lawani zinthu zaola, kodi ndizotheka kudya

Ambiri akufunsa ngati udzuwo ndiwotheka kapena ayi. Amayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zofufuza chifukwa cha nyama yazakudya. Imaphikidwa, yokazinga, yophika ndikuuma. Mulibe mafupa mtembo, umatsukidwa mosavuta mamba. Offal imachotsedwa ndikupanga chiberekero pamimba yomwe ili pamutu pake. Nyama yowotcha imakhala yokoma.

Mafupa nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa pakudya. Ndizosatheka kuchotsa mtembo pang'ono m'mafupa.

Nyama yophika imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso wonyezimira bwino. Pali mafupa akulu akulu ochepa, ndiye nsombayo ndi yabwino kwa mphodza ndi zakudya zam'chitini. Zakudya za nyama zimapakidwa bwino. 100 g ili ndi zopatsa mphamvu 88. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mavitamini A, E ndi D, komanso bromine, chitsulo, mkuwa, manganese, potaziyamu ndi magnesium.

Maphikidwe a Zakudya za Rotan

Choyaka chowotchera moto Zitsanzo zazikulu zimasankhidwa. Mitembo yokhala ndi matumbo imatha kuduladula, koma ndibwino kuti muzimeza lonse. Pindani nsomba bwino mu ufa ndi mwachangu mbali zonse ziwiri kuti mukhale chouma. Gwiritsani masamba kapena batala. Kupanga khirisipi, mphindi 5 kumapeto kuphika, kuphimba poto ndi chivindikiro.

Omelet kuchokera ku firebrand. Mitembo yokazinga imadulidwa mzidutswa, kuyikika mu poto. Kumenya mazira ndi mkaka. Zotsatira zosakanikirana zidathiridwa mu poto. Mutha kuwonjezera anyezi wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi zitsamba zina zomwe mumakonda. Konzani momwemo ndi omele yachikhalidwe yomwe ili ndi chivindikiro chotsekedwa.

Nsomba pansi pa marinade. Mitemboyo imaphikidwa m'madzi amchere mpaka wachifundo.Gawanitsani mafupa ndikupukutira nyamayo m'mbale yakuya. Konzani marinade. Chepetsa anyezi, karoti 2 pakani pa grater. Amasamba amawasinthira poto yokazinga ndi sautéed, phwetekere, phala pafupifupi 3-4, ndi supuni 1 ya viniga, zonunkhira zimawonjezedwa. Fillet imathiridwa ndi marinade, lolani kuti ifale kwa maola angapo. Yoyenera ngati kuzizira.

Saladi ya nsomba ndi dzira ndi nkhaka. Mitembo yophika kapena kuwotchera mpaka yophika. Wokwapulidwa mzidutswa, kupatula mafupa, ophwanyika ndi foloko. Onjezani nyama yophika yophika ndi nkhaka zosankhidwa ku nyama yophika. Chovala ndi mayonesi kapena kuvala mwapadera. Povala batala mpiru, masamba mafuta, mchere pang'ono, ikani tsabola.

Msuzi wa bowa. Mu chiwaya ndi madzi ozizira, sankhani mbatata ndi kaloti mu cubes. M'madzi owiritsa, ndi bwino kuwonjezera katsabola ndi parsley m'malo mwatsopano zitsamba. Yikani Bay tsamba, tsabola wakuda ndi nandolo. Magawo okonzedwerawa amasamutsidwa ku msuzi ndikuwaphika kwa mphindi 20. Mu mbale yomalizidwa, mutha kuwonjezera batala ndi kirimu wowawasa.

Khutu. Mitembo yonse yokonzedwa, ma turnips, kaloti, parsley ndi udzu winawake, anyezi wapakatikati, tsamba la bay, tsabola wakuda amaikidwa mu kolifulawa ndi madzi ozizira. Pambuyo otentha kuwonjezera mbatata, kudula mu cubes. Kuphika pafupifupi mphindi 60. Mbale yotsirizidwa imakonkhedwa ndi parsley wosanidwa ndi katsabola.

Makutu a nsomba. Ma dumplings aku Belarusi amatchedwa makutu. Konzani nsomba zopanda mchere kuchokera ku nsomba zophika kale. Mwachangu anyezi. Onjezani chikho 1 chophika bowa, anyezi kwa nyama yophika. Magolovu, onjezerani mchere ndi kusakaniza. Kudzazidwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza dumplings.

Kukuwotcha mu uvuni. Mitembo yokonzedwa yopanda mutu kuti ipukutidwe ndi mchere pang'ono. Aloleni azilimbikira mchere. Nditsukidwa ndimchere ndikuviika mu chopukutira pepala. Preheat uvuni mpaka 200⁰. Mafuta ophikira amathiridwa mu mbale yophika galasi, kufalitsa wosanjikiza woonda pansi. Amayika nsomba ija, ndikufundira ndi mafuta pamasamba pamwamba, kuti nsombayo isamawume ndipo isatenthe. Phimbani ndi zojambulazo ndi kuphika kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40. Kenako zojambulazo zimachotsedwa ndikuphika mpaka zofiirira zagolide pafupifupi mphindi 10.

Malo oyaka moto amaonedwa ngati nsomba padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kuphika pafupifupi chilichonse mbale: nyama, ma casseroles, nsomba zamzitini ndi ma pie. Pali maphikidwe ambiri a ophika odziwa ntchito ndi omwe sakudziwa kuphika kwa rattan. Nsombazo zimaphatikizidwa ndi mbale yam'mbali, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale yodziyimira panokha.

Kodi mwakhala ndi CATCH yayitali motani?

Munali liti komaliza kugwirira mapiritsi / mitembo / mitembo yambiri?

Nthawi zonse timafuna kupeza zotsatira kuchokera ku usodzi - kugwira nsomba zitatu zokha, koma ma kilogalamu khumi ndi awiri - izi ndi zomwe adzagwidwe! Aliyense wa ife amalota za izi, koma si aliyense amadziwa bwanji.

Kugwidwa kwabwino kumatheka (ndipo tikudziwa izi) chifukwa cha nyambo yabwino.

Itha kukonzedwa kunyumba, mutha kugula m'masitolo asodzi. Koma m'masitolo ndiokwera mtengo, komanso kuphika nyambo kunyumba, muyenera kuthera nthawi yambiri, ndipo, molondola, kutali ndi nyambo zonse zapanyumba zimayenda bwino.

Kodi mukudziwa kukhumudwitsidwa pamene mudagula nyambo kapena kuphika kunyumba ndikugwira mapaundi atatu kapena anayi?

Ndiye mwina ndi nthawi yoti mutengere mwayi wogulitsa chinthu, ntchito zomwe zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi komanso machitidwe pamitsinje ndi m'madziwe aku Russia?

Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kuyesa kamodzi kuposa kumva kangapo. Makamaka tsopano - nyengo yenyewe! Kuchotsera kwa 50% mukamaitanitsa ndi bonasi yabwino!

Kodi zozungulira zimawoneka bwanji ndipo zimapezeka kuti?

Rotan ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku nsomba za ray-fin ku Europe. Ndi gawo la banja la a Goloveshkov, chifukwa chake amodzi mwa mayina ndiwotcha moto. Kuthengo, pali mitundu itatu ya rotan, koma m'malo otsalira a Russia ndi mayiko a CIS pali mtundu umodzi wokha wa udzu, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa ng'ombe ya Amur pazinthu zina zofananira.

Chikhalidwe

Ngakhale ndi kakulidwe kocheperako, makina ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi nyama yolusa, yomwe imatha kufafaniza zenizeni zamoyo zonse zomwe zimabwera m'njira yake. Chifukwa chake, kwa oweta nsomba ambiri, limakhala vuto lenileni. Zowonadi, pamndandanda wazokonda zomwe zimakonda giran, caviar ndi mwachangu zili pamalo oyamba. Zowona, kwa nsomba yayikulu ngati pike ndi nsomba, bulcand imadzipangira nyama, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asodzi akagwira nsomba zazikulu kuti agwiritse nyambo.

Zizindikiro zakunja

Maonekedwe a bulangeti siosangalatsa, koma mutha kuzindikira nsomba izi posachedwa ndi izi:

1. Zida. Udzu sukulira: kutalika kwa anthu achikulire omwe amakhala ndi thanzi labwino kumafika pa 15-25 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu sikudutsa 0.5 kg.
2. Kuyembekeza kukhala ndi moyo kumadaliranso pamikhalidwe yomwe ilipo. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zimakhala zaka 4-5, koma pali omwe amabala nthawi yayitali zaka zake 7.
3. Mutu ndiye gawo lowonekera kwambiri mthupi. Lili ndi gawo lalikulu pakulumikizana ndi thupi; pakamwa pa raunda limafanana ndi kamwa yolusa, yopangidwa ndi mizere ingapo ya mano ang'ono koma owala kwambiri.
4. Thupi limakhala lakuthwa komanso lalifupi, lophimbidwa ndi mamba osalala. Mutu umasintha khungu kutengera nyengo. Koma okhathamira otuwa, obiriwira ndi imvi ophatikizidwa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ndi mikwingwirima.

Habitat

Rotan amakhala ndi moyo wopambana. Iye ndi mtundu wa Harry Houdini wa pansi pamadzi. M'malo omwe madzi ena oyera amafera m'matumba, makina ozungulira amakhala omasuka. Mwachitsanzo, imasinthika kukhala m'malo opanda madzi okhala ndi mpweya, imakhala m'malo abwino komanso omata, komanso ndimakhala nyumba yabwino ngakhale m'madziwe. Kuphatikiza apo, nsombayi imakonda kugwiritsa ntchito matupi amadzi ndi chilengedwe.

M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, kuzungulira sikufa, ngakhale kungasunthike pamwamba penipeni pa madzi oundana omwe amaphimba mitsinje nthawi yozizira. Firebrand imakonda maiwe pomwe mulibe opikisana nawo. M'malo oterowo, nsomba zimakhala zotetezeka kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, m'mabesi ang'onoang'ono amadzi ndi madzi osasunthika, rotan imachulukana mwachangu kwambiri. Malo okhala mchere wamchere pang'ono komanso kuyanika kwa mitsinje sikuwononga moyo wake. Zomwe zimasokoneza mtendere wamoto ndi adani ambiri, kwa iye yekha wolandirika.

Malo ogawa

Rotan - mbadwa ya m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Amur, kuchokera apa adabwera dzina limodzi lake - the Amur goby. Kuchokera kudera la Far East, nsomba zidayamba kufalikira mwachangu kumadera ena a dziko lapansi. Kufalikira kumeneku kwa anthu okhala m'madzi oyera kumeneku inali njira yotulutsira nsomba'zi mumaneti a ngalande za St. Petersburg mu 1916. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa ma rotan ndikookulirapo. Nsomba zokhala ngati ma ray zokhala ndi ray zimakhazikika m'zigwa pafupifupi mitsinje yonse ya ku Europe; zimapezeka m'mitsinje ya Ob, Irtysh, ndi Ural. Zosungira ku China ndi Korea zikuphatikizidwanso m'ndandanda wazomwe zimayambira mitsinje iyi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Monga taonera kale, rotan sadziwa muyeso wa chakudya. Chidwi chake nthawi zonse chimakhala chokwera, kotero milandu ya anthu wamba imakhala yofanana ndi anzawo. Zachidziwikire, dera lotere limakonda kupha anthu ena ang'onoang'ono a mitsinje ndi maiwe. Komanso, leeches, caviar a nsomba zina, ndi ma tadpoles amaphatikizidwa muzakudya za udzu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ratan ndi ng'ombe

1. Malo okhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa raola ndi ng'ombe. Moti ndimakhala m'madzi abwino, nthawi zina nsomba zimatha kutuluka m'mitsinje kulowa m'madzi. Ma Gobies, m'malo mwake, amakhala mwamadzi amcherechere kapena pang'ono mchere, ngakhale amasinthasintha malo amchere wamchere.
2. Maonekedwe a nsomba ziwiri nazonso ndi zosiyana kwambiri: rotan imakhala ndi mutu komanso mkamwa waukulu. Ng'ombe yamphongo, ziwalo zam'thupi izi zimakhala zochepa kukula, chifukwa chake sizikuwoneka zowopsa.
3. Thupi la ng'ombeyo ndi lozungulira, thupi limasungunuka kutsogolo kwa mchira. Thupi la rotan limayatsidwa mbali zake.
4. Mitundu ya anthu awiriwa ndiofanana - ndi gawo limodzi la nsomba, chifukwa chake oimira onsewo ali ndi zipsepse ziwiri. Koma mu udzu, ali ofanana, ndipo pakupita, ndalama zakumbuyo ndizitali kuposa kale.
5. Ziphuphu zam'mimba zamatumbo zakhala palimodzi ndikuwoneka ngati kapu yotsekemera. Malawi oyaka pamimba ndi ziphuphu zopakidwa.

Kuphatikizika ndi zopatsa mphamvu

Nyama ya rotan ndiyoyera chipale chofewa, chokoma, chosangalatsa. Zakudya izi zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse. Koma kapangidwe kake ka nsomba kamakhala koyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri. Gawo la m'chiuno, nicotinic acid (vitamini PP) ili ndi zochuluka. Kuphatikiza pa chinthu ichi, malonda mulinso:

• Mavitamini A ndi D
• mapuloteni oyesa kudya
• ma acome acids
• zovuta zonse za aminoxylot,
• tocopherol kapena vitamini E

Komanso zinthu zopangira mchere: molybdenum, zinc, sulfure, nickel, chromium ndi gulu lonse la michere yomwe thupi la munthu limafunikira.

Payokha, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kupangidwa kwa nyama ya rotan ndi njira yabwino yopangira zinthu zomwe zimangokhala ndi vuto limodzi pakokha.

Koma phindu lalikulu la malonda am nsomba ndizopatsa mphamvu zochepa. Mtengo wazakudya za 100 gramu ya nyama yophika ndi 88 kcal yekha. Zachidziwikire, chizindikiro ichi chidzakhala chokwera kwa nsomba yokazinga, koma osati kwambiri kuti athe kukana chakudya chokoma ngakhale kuwonda. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyama ya rotan imayamwa mwachangu ndi chimbudzi, motero thupi lilibe nthawi yoika pambali mafuta mtsogolo.

Phindu lonse

Anthu omwe amadya zakudya zamtunduwu amalimbikitsa nyama yodya nyama yaying'onoyi panthawi yomwe akuchira, chemotherapy komanso matenda a nthawi yayitali. Zakudya za nsomba zotere zimathandiza ndi izi:

• kutopa kwakuthupi
• kuchepa kwa vitamini
• matenda ammimba
• kufooka chitetezo chokwanira
• Matenda a chithokomiro,
• kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni
• kuchepa magazi
• Kuchepetsa kwa kuwona ndi matenda amaso,
• mavuto abambo mwa amuna,
• kupsinjika ndi mavuto amanjenje,
• mtima matenda
• kugaya mtima.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mbale za ratan muzakudya kumathandizira kulimbitsa thanzi la achikulire ngakhale ana aang'ono. Zakudya zophweka zosavuta kuphika ndizakudya zazing'ono zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, ndipofunika kwambiri, ndizotsika mtengo pazosankha zazabanja. Ganizirani zabwino za kuphatikiza nsomba zam'mtsinjewu m'magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu.

Kwa akazi

Inde, kwa oyimira ambiri pachaka chokwanira, ntchito yayikulu ndikusunga mitundu yochepetsetsa ya chithunzi. Ngati rotan ikapeza malo oyenera azakudya za mayi wazaka zilizonse, mutha kukhala ndi thupi lokwanira kwa zaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, malonda a nsomba amakhala ndi ma amino acid ambiri omwe amawongolera momwe amapangira komanso kagayidwe. Pa nthawi ya kusamba, malowa ndiofunikira makamaka kwa akazi. Ma acid a Omega ndi michere azikhala bwino pakhungu ndi tsitsi, komanso kulimbitsa misomali. M'mawu akuti, udzu ndiwothandiza kwambiri osati thanzi la amayi okha, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera

Pakukonzekera, azimayi ayenera kuphatikiza nsomba muzakudya. Kapangidwe koyenera ka nyama yang'ombe ndi koyenera kudyetsa amayi oyembekezera mukamaphika mu uvuni ndikuwotcha. Nsomba zouma zimatha kudyedwa nthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa chosowa edema. Rotan ipereka thupi la mayi komanso mwana wosabadwayo yemwe akutenga zinthu zonse zofunika. Makamaka zofunikira paumoyo wa mwana wosabadwa ndizovuta za vitamini ndi michere yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikupanga mafupa, mano, ndi ubongo. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti amayi omwe amadya nsomba nthawi zonse panthawi yoyembekezera samakhala ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto lakula.

Mukamayamwitsa

Nsomba zilizonse ndizothandiza kwa akazi anyama, chifukwa kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zotere kumachulukitsa mkaka. Titter ratan nyama imatha kukhala maziko a zakudya zama amayi anu panthawi yovuta yoyamwitsa. Mwanayo, limodzi ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, amalandila zinthu zonse zofunikira kuti akule bwino mthupi komanso m'maganizo. Koma mwayi wofunikira kwambiri wamafuta am'madzi ndi kuti ali ndi vitamini D, kuchepa kwake komwe kumayambitsa ana mu ana. Sizikunena kuti azimayi oyamwitsa asankhe njira yanthete pophikira nsomba kapena kuphika nyama yovunda mu uvuni. Ndikwabwino kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zouma ndi zamchere kwakanthawi.

Kwa ana

Nsomba zimathandizira kwambiri pakudya kwa ana aang'ono.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri mbale yokonzedwa ndi njira yofatsa kudzakhala kotetezeka wodalirika kwambiri wama ricores.
2. Zakudya zoterezi zimathandizira kulimbitsa mano ndi mafupa, zimayendetsa ubongo mwa mwana, zomwe zimakhudza luso lake lamtsogolo mtsogolo.
3. Tisaiwale kuti zomwe zimapangidwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa nsomba zimasinthasintha chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, zimayang'anira kapangidwe ka magazi ndikuthandizira pakupanga mahomoni okula.

Chifukwa chake, ngati khanda siligwirizana ndi malonda a nsomba, rotan ndi yoyenera yazakudya muzaka zoyambirira za moyo. Koma pokonzekera chakudya chamwana, munthu asayiwale kuti anthu okhala m'madzi abwino ndiwo omwe amanyamula kwambiri majeremusi. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zimayenera kukonzedwa bwino ndikuthandizidwa ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chidziwitso: Sizoletsedwa kupereka moto wowuma kwa ana osakwana zaka 5, popeza nsomba zamchere zimapatsanso impso zina.

Mukamachepetsa thupi

Anthu onenepa kwambiri ayenera kusintha kuchokera ku zinthu zamafuta zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri kukhala nsomba. Rotan ndi wabwino m'malo mwa chakudya choyambira. Kupatula apo, kuphatikiza kwa gramu 100 kwa zakudya zamafuta kumapereka chiyembekezo chokwanira, ndipo chakudya chopatsa thanzi sichikhala choposa 100 mayunitsi. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie za msuzi wa nsomba zam'munda ndizotsika kwambiri. Poganizira moyenera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nsomba, pakuchepetsa thupi, thupi silikhala ndi vuto la kusowa kwa michere.

Kuvulaza ndi zotsutsana

Palibe zotsutsana kwathunthu ndi ntchito ya rotan. Madokotala ndi akatswiri azakudya zanyamayi agwirizana kuti azindikira zabwino za nsomba yaying'onoyi. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala kuti palibe tsankho lililonse pazomwe mukugulitsa nsomba, mutha kuphika mbale zilizonse zatsopanozi.

Zowona, pali lingaliro limodzi lomwe siliyenera kunyalanyazidwa: rotan sikufuna pazoyera zamadzi, chifukwa chake asodzi amazigwira mumadziwe amadziwe komanso m'malo oyera. Chifukwa chake, musanagule nsomba, ndikofunika kutchula malo omwe adagwidwa.

Momwe mungasankhire ndikusunga

Rotan si nsomba zamtundu wamalonda, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kugula izo mu shopu wamba. Zogulitsa zotere ziyenera kugulidwa kuchokera kwa abwenzi omwe amakonda kuwedza. Ndipo chosankha chodalirika ndichakuti mukhale ndi asodzi anu pagulu lamkati. Koma ngakhale ndi abwenzi abwino, muyenera kugula zotere mutatha kuyang'ana magawo angapo:

1. Nsomba zizikhala zatsopano. Sikovuta kudziwa ndi maso: sayenera kukhala mitambo, masikelo a nsomba zatsopano ndi zonyezimira.
2. Fungo. Nsomba zam'madzi oyera, ngakhale zili zatsopano, zimatha kununkhiza ngati matope. Koma nthawi zambiri fungo lokhazikika silikhala lamphamvu, ndipo ukamalisamalira limasowa. Ngati fungo lachilendo lilipo mu fungo, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito nsomba ngati izi kuphika.
3. Nyama ya nyama yosakota isakhale yopanda chizindikiro choti ingawonongeke, sipayenera kukhala ntchofu.

Malamulo osungira
Nsomba zam'madzi zilizonse zatsopano ziyenera kudulidwa, ndiye kuti, kutsukidwa, kuchotsedwa mafupa, kuphikidwa kuti zizisungidwa. Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chawonongeka chokwanira kuphika. Koma pogwira nsomba zambiri, mutha kupulumutsa nsomba zingapo:

1. Dutsani zoyerekeza zazing'ono kudzera mu chopukusira nyama, ndipo mutumizire nyama yoimirayo mufiriji kuti isungidwe. Ndi njira yosungira iyi, mankhwalawo sangawonongeke mpaka miyezi iwiri.
2. Anthu akuluakulu ayenera kugawidwa mzidutswa komanso mchere pang'ono. Akazizira, nsomba siziwonongeka kwa masiku awiri.
3. Mukhozanso kunola nsomba kapena kuyika mu marinade. Koma moyo wa alumali wazinthu zoterezi umangopezekanso milungu iwiri.
4. Nsomba zouma zimakhala zazitali kwambiri.

Mfundo yofunika! Rotan ndi nsomba yovuta kwambiri. Ngati, asodzi, atakhala osakhuthuka kwa maola angapo, izi zikuwopseza ndi kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphika nkhuni yam'madzi mutatha kusodza.

Momwe mungayeretse ndikudula zowola

Kudula mabatani sikusiyana kwenikweni ndi kusanjidwa kwa nsomba zamtsinje kapena nsomba zam'nyanja. Koma poganizira za momwe nsomba zimakhalira, nyamayo iyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi, kenako ndikuwanyowa m'madzi ozizira kwa maola angapo. Kuchita kosavuta kumeneku kumapangitsa fungo losasangalatsa. Koma musanatero, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Chotsani mamba ndi mpeni wakuthwa.
2. Dulani pamimba mosamala kuti muchotse zamkati. Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa mafupa, ndiye kuti izi zimafunikanso poyambira kukonzekera.
3. Chotsani mutu ndi zipsepse.
4. Zitsanzo zazikulu zidula.
5. Muzimutsuka ndi youma.

Zowonjezera Zofunika: pa chithandizo cha kutentha, mafupa a rotan amakhala ofewa kwambiri kotero kuti mbale ya nsomba imakhala yotetezeka ngakhale kwa chakudya cha ana.

Momwe mungaphikire zokongoletsera zowola: maphikidwe

M'malingaliro achichepere, udzu umadziwika kuti ndi nsomba padziko lonse lapansi, ndichifukwa chake phindu la nsombayi limawonjezeka nthawi ziwiri. Kuchokera mwa nsomba zazing'ono zochepa izi:

• masaladi opepuka
• sopo ndi maphunziro ena oyamba,
• zopangidwa tokha zamzitini
• anakanda mazira
• casserole
• cutlets
• nsanamira za ma pie,
• mbale zophika ndi yokazinga.

Choyera ndi pinki tinge, nyama yamotoyo imakhala yopanda mawonekedwe, ilibe mafupa akulu akulu. Komabe, kuchotsedwa kwawo sikubweretsa mavuto. Othandizira zophika zam'madzi amatsimikizira kuti zowola zowotcha ndizapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kukoma kwa carp, komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa "muyezo" wamakoma a nsomba. Timalongosola zina mwanjira zothandiza kwambiri kuphika nsomba.

Mu uvuni

Kuphika mbale za nsomba mu uvuni sizitenga nthawi yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yophikira imeneyi imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za chakudya chamagulu. Chifukwa chake, pakudya kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda am'mimba, zakudya za nsomba zotere ndi zabwino. Gawo lokonzekera limatsitsidwa ndikudulidwa kwamitembo yama nsomba. Njira inanso ili ndi magawo otsatirawa:

1. Pambuyo pochotsa mutu ndi viscera ya rotan, muzimutsuka kenako pakani ndi mchere.
2. Kwa mphindi 15-20, siyani nsomba kuti mcherewo ulowetsedwe munyama.
3. Pambuyo pake, sambani mchere wotsalira, ndikunyamula mtembowo ndi zopukutira.
4. Preheat uvuni mpaka 200 ° C. Thirani mafuta pang'ono mumasamba ophika.
5. Ikani nsomba zam'madzi, kuthira mafuta pamwamba. Izi zimapangidwa kuti nsomba isamere kapena kuti isatenthe.
6. Kukulani mawonekedwe pamwamba ndi zojambulazo, kenako ndikutumiza ku uvuni.
7. Pambuyo pa theka la ola, chotsani zojambulazo, kenako ndikuphika mbaleyo kwa mphindi 10 mpaka kuphika.
8. Nsombazo ikakutidwa ndi bulawuni wagolide, muzimitsa uvuni.

Zakudya zophika nsomba zophika bwino zitha kuthiriridwa ndi mbatata yophika kapena masamba.

Snack Prince appetizer
Ichi ndi chakudya china chokoma chomwe chitha kuphika mu uvuni mwachangu.

1. Muyenera kutenga nyama yoboola yochokera ku raunda ndi mtanda wopanda yisiti wokonzedwa, womwe ungagulidwe pasitolo iliyonse.
2. Patulani mtanda.
3. Onjezani chofufumitsa mikate yoyera yozikika mkaka ku forcemeat, kuwaza anyezi, mchere ndi tsabola.
4. Dulani mtanda mu mabwalo, ndipo pakati pa malo aliwonse supuni yodzaza. M'mbali mwa mabwalo amatambasuka pang'ono mpaka kumbali.
5. Tsopano ikani tchizi pa grater yabwino ndikumawaza zinyenyeswazi paulendowu.
6. Kuphika tchizi ndi nsomba chozizwitsa kwa mphindi 20-25 pa kutentha kwa 200 ° C.

Pulogalamuyi ndi yokoma kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo imazimiririka.

Mu poto

Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yachangu kwambiri yophika. Zowona, firebrand yokazinga, ngakhale ili ndi zokoma modabwitsa, ndiyoyenera kudya anthu athanzi lokha. Nsomba zing'onozing'ono zimatha kukazidwa kwathunthu, ndipo zazikulu zazikulu zimadulidwa mzidutswa. Mutha kuwaza mafuta aliwonse az masamba kumbali zonse ziwiri mpaka mutatseguka pang'ono. Kupanga kutumphuka, mphindi 5 kumapeto kuphika, kuphimba poto wa nsomba ndi chivindikiro.

Wophika pang'onopang'ono

Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi, ndikosavuta kuphika zipatso kuchokera ku ma rattans ang'ono. Kukoma koteroko kudzadabwitsa alendo ndikusangalatsa mnyumbayo, chifukwa sizolakwika kwenikweni ndi nsomba zamzitini zotchuka za Baltic. Kugwiritsa ntchito wophika pang'onopang'ono, kuphika kumatenga nthawi yopitilira ola limodzi.

Zopatsa zakudya zophatikizira nyumba:

• nsomba zazing'ono - 1 makilogalamu:
• anyezi - mitu iwiri,
• viniga - supuni ziwiri,
• mafuta masamba - 1.5 makapu,
• tsamba la Bay - zidutswa 4,
• mchere si zochuluka
• pepperonons - 4-6 ma PC.,
• tiyi wa tiyi - 1 tsp

1. Sambani nsomba, chotsani mitu, m'matumbo.
2. Muzimutsuka bwino pansi pamadzi, mchere.
3. Ingosiyirani mphindi 15 kuti mumchere bwino.
4. Pakadali pano, peulani anyezi ndi kusema mphete.
5. Pansi pa mbale anaikapo kankhusu anyezi ndi woyamba, ndi nsomba pamwamba pake. Danga lotsatira ndi mphete za anyezi, zonunkhira.
6. Kenako, ikani tiyi mu kapu. Pamene tiyi akupanga, kuthira mafuta ndi viniga pa nsomba.
7. Kenako ikanikani zisa za anyezi, kenako wosanjikiza wotsatira wa nsomba ndi zonunkhira. Munthawi izi, mudzazeni chidebe chonse, ndikusiya malo aulere.
8. Zosakaniza zonse za mndandanda wamagolosale zikatenga malo, muzithira tiyi wokazinga m'mbale, zomwe pamodzi ndi zibowo za anyezi zimapatsa nsomba kuti zikhale ngati "sprat" hue.
9. Mukatha tiyi, tsanulirani mafuta otsalawo kumtunda wapamwamba. Ndikofunikira kuti mafuta aziphimbira pamwamba penipeni pa ogwirira ntchito.
10. Tsopano tsekani chivindikiro cha multicooker ndikuyatsa pulogalamu ya "Kuzimitsa". Nthawi yomweyo pa timer amasonyeza nthawi 1 ora 20 mphindi.
11. Pamene nsomba ikusowa mkati mwamalo, ikani tebulo.

Spoti zopanga zopanga tokha ndizosangalatsa komanso zopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zoterezi zimatha kuperekedwa kwa ana ndikudya ndi amayi oyembekezera.

Zomwe zingakonzedwe kuchokera ku rotan: maphikidwe

Njira zina zophikira moto wama firebrand zidafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Komatu ili ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la ziyembekezo zapamwamba za nsomba yaying'ono yam'madzi. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa chinthu chofunikira ichi, mutha kuphika zakudya zokoma zomwe zitha kupirira mpikisano ndi nsomba zamchere ndi zipatso za sturgeon. Kuti muwonetsetse izi, ndikokwanira kukonzekera saladi wopepuka kuchokera ku nsomba yaying'ono iyi.

Saladi

Nsomba yokhathamira mwachindunji ndi mamba mumafuta mu poto. Kenako gawani nyamayo, kuiphika ndi foloko, kuwonjezera anyezi wobiriwira ndi nandolo. Gawirani mbaleyo ndi mayonesi ndipo mutha kusangalala ndi kukoma kwa chakudya choyambirira cha nsomba.

Chinsinsi chotsatira cha saladi ndizovuta pang'ono, zidzafunika:

• mazira owiritsa - 2 ma PC.,
• nkhaka kuzifutsa - 1 pc.,
• anyezi - 1 pc.,
• mwatsopano zowola - 0,5 makilogalamu.

1. Ndi firebrand, chitani ndendende monga momwe m'mapikisidwe apitalo, ndiye kuti, kuphika kwa mphindi 15 mu poto.
2. Kenako gawanani nyamayo, iduleni tating'ono ting'ono.
3. Sankhani zotsalazo.
4. Kenako phatikizani zida zonse, sakanizani, nyengo ndi msuzi. Kuti mukonze msuzi, tengani mafuta a masamba (supuni 3), mpiru (supuni 1), uzitsine wamchere, viniga ndi tsabola.

Ndikofunika kuphika msuzi wa rotan mu cauldron. Ikani nsomba poyambilira kuphika mwachindunji m'madzi ozizira. Mitembo sikufuna kudulidwa. Pamodzi ndi nsomba, tumizani masamba nthawi yomweyo: ma turnips, muzu wa parsley, udzu winawake, kaloti, anyezi wonse, laurel ndi tsabola wakuda. Madziwo akamawiritsa, onjezani mbatata zamtengo wapatali. Kuphika khutu kwa ola limodzi. Musanatumikire, mutha kukongoletsa mbale yoyamba yomalizidwa ndi zitsamba zatsopano.

Msuzi wa nsomba
Amakonzedwa mwanjira yomweyo, koma ndi kusiyana komwe nsomba zimayenera kutumizidwa kumadzi otentha ndi mitu yawo, koma popanda ma gill. Ikani mbatata ndi kaloti m'madzi ozizira. Kuphika msuzi kwa mphindi 20. Mbaleyi imasangalatsa mukamawonjezera supuni ya kirimu wowawasa ndi zitsamba.

Ma cutlets

Zidutswa za Fireball ndizotchuka kwambiri pakuphika kwakunyumba. Inde, nsomba zokwanira zimafunikira zofunikira zofunika pabanja. Pa mapaundi a rotan, muyenera kuwonjezera kutenga:

• kukula kwa anyezi - 2 ma PC.,
• mbatata - 2 ma PC.,
• mazira aiwisi - 2 ma PC.,
• zinyumba kapena ufa - ngati pakufunika,
• batala - 2 tbsp.,
• mafuta anyama - 100 g
• tsabola, mchere, adyo ndi zonunkhira zina zomwe ndizoyenera kudya nsomba.

Momwe zakudya zonse zili patebulo, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Dumulani nsomba kudzera mu chopukusira nyama.
2. Onjezani nyama yankhumba, batala, mbatata ndi anyezi ku nyama yozama.
3. Ndiye kumenya mazira, kusakaniza misa ndi ufa kapena mkate, kenako ndikuutumiza kwa nyama yoboola.
4. Kani misa mpaka kukhala wandiweyani.
5. Pangani ma cutlets ndikuwaphika mu poto.

Mbale iliyonse yam'mbali ndi yoyenera ma patan nsomba patties.

Njira yachiwiri yophika cutlets
Chinsinsi ichi ndizosavuta kuposa zomwe zidapita.

1. Sankhani nsomba zazing'ono za nyama yokazinga. Muzimutsuka bwino, chotsani michira ndi mutu.
2. Kudutsa chopukusira nyama kawiri ndi kaloti ndi anyezi.
3. Onjezani mkate wa magalamu 100, dzira ndi batala pang'ono pang'ono ndi nsomba zochepa.
4. Muziganiza misa, mawonekedwe cutlets.
5. Musanakhazikike, yokulungira chidutswa chilichonse mu mkate.

Zakudya zamatenda

Pali maphikidwe ambiri opanga udzu wazomera zamzitini. Koma, potengera chiopsezo cha poizoni ndi zinthu zotere, nayi njira yabwino kwambiri. Mwakutero, iyi ndi imodzi mwazosintha pokonzekera ma sprats. Koma ngati mukutsatira mosamala tsatanetsatane wa masitepe omwe ali pansipa, mumapeza appetizer yokhala ndi kukoma kosakhazikika, koyenera kwambiri phwando lokondwerera.

Mndandanda wazinthu zazikuluzikulu pa 1 makilogalamu a rotan:

• madzi a phwetekere - 1-1.5 l,
• mchere kulawa
• laurel - masamba ochepa,
• mafuta masamba - 0,3 l,
• zonunkhira za nsomba.

1. Tengani mphika wambiri, makamaka kolifulawa. Thirani mafuta m'mbale.
2. Ikani nsomba zodulidwazidutswa mumtsuko kuti 4-5 masentimita a malo osiyidwa pamwamba.
3. Phatikizani nsomba ndi zonunkhira ndi mchere.
4. Gawo ili likamalizidwa, dzazani mchenga wonse ndi msuzi wa phwetekere. Zotsatira zake, malo aulere kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mbale amayenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala 2,5 cm.
5. Ngati palibe madzi a phwetekere okwanira, mutha kuwonjezera madzi ndi madzi.
6. Pambuyo pa izi, tsekani cauldron mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro ndikuyika pachitofu.
7. Pakadali pano, yatsani uvuni kuti ukhale wapakatikati.
8. Zomwe zili mu chimbudzi cha kolifulawa, ziyisiyeni pachitofu kwa mphindi 8, ndikusunthira ku uvuni.
9. Mu uvuni, tsitsani nsomba kwa maola osachepera 5-6, kenako maola ena awiri kuti mufikire ndi moto wozimitsidwa.
10. Popeza njira yayitali yotentha yotentha imayambitsa kutuluka kwamadzimadzi, nthawi ndi nthawi amafunika kuwonjezera madzi.
11. Thirani mitsitsi yopanga ndi phwetekere mu phwetekere mumtsuko wosabala ndi firiji. Ndikofunika kugulitsa mankhwalawa mkati mwa masiku 7-10.

Moto wowuma dzuwa

Likukoma kwambiri rotan stewed mu wowawasa kirimu. Omelet ndi nsomba ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Koma zapamwamba zamtunduwu ndizachidziwikire, nsomba zamchere komanso zouma.

1. Musanatumize nsomba kuti ziume, muziyendetsa. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mitembo ya nsomba m'mbale yakuya.
2. Finyani chidutswa chilichonse cha rotan pamwamba ndi mchere wambiri.
3. Ikani kuponderezana pamwamba pa nsomba zamchere. Pakupita masiku angapo, mankhwala azouma azikhala okonzeka.

Ngati muuma nsomba ngati dzuwa padzuwa, mumalandira mchere wabwino kwambiri.

Zosangalatsa

1. Rotan ndiwosangalatsa osati woyimira wapadera wa ichthyofauna. Zachilendo kwambiri pamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, atatha kudya, nsombayo imapumula pansi kuti chakudyacho chipakigidwe munthawi yabwino. Izi zimatha kutenga masiku awiri ndi atatu.
2. Monga zilombo zenizeni, gulu la moto limasaka, kudikirira nyama yake kuti ibisalire. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zikuwona, chozungulira chimagwera pomwepo. Monga momwe mawuwo akupitira, zodabwitsa zimachitika.
3. Rotan amadziwika kuti ndi cholengedwa chovuta, choopsa kwa ena onse okhala mderalo. Pali umboni kuti zida zapadera zikupangidwa kuti athane ndi mdani uyu. Koma monga momwe amasonyezera, ndikatha kuzimiratu kwa rotan, mabowo amadzala ndipo pamapeto pake amasanduka chithaphwi.
4. Mwana wamwamuna akasamala ana ake amtsogolo, amamenya alendo osayembekezeka ndi mutu wake.
5. Rotan ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera amaso, chifukwa chake imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri ndikuwona kuyendetsa kwake kuchokera kutali.
6. Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono koteteza thupi, njoka yamoto imangoyang'ana kwa womangidwa ndi wakufa, yomwe imatsimikiziranso za nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa.

Mwachidule, titha kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuti m'chilengedwe chilichonse chimasankhidwa bwino kwambiri kotero kuti wakuba aliyense wovomerezeka wamadzi abwino m'munda wachitetezo amawonedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudya. Ili ndi nsomba yotsika mtengo, koma yokoma kwambiri yomwe ingabweretse zolemba zowoneka bwino muzakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma mwayi waukulu wa nsomba yaying'ono ndikuti ndiwothandiza paumoyo wa anthu. Mkazi aliyense wapakhomo, kutengera maphikidwe ochepa osavuta, nthawi zonse amatha kuphika chakudya chopatsa thanzi.

«Zofunika: Zambiri patsamba lino zimaperekedwa pazachidziwitso chokha. Musanagwiritse ntchito malingaliro aliwonse, funsani katswiri. Sikuti olemba kapena olemba ndi omwe amabweretsa vuto lililonse pazinthuzi. ”