Dziko la mbalame limasiyana kwambiri, ndipo ngati maula ena sakusiyana ndi maonekedwe ake okongola, nthenga za mbalame zina nthawi imodzi zimatha kukhala zonyezimira ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Mkazi wa mtundu wina wa nthenga zomwe ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi utoto wamba wamtambo, iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu komanso yayikulu kuchokera kubanja lathanzi. Woimira gulu la mbalameyi ali ndi mayina ena - vortex, raksha.

Blue Blue Roller, kapena Raksha. Dera la Astrakhan, 2017. Woyambira wamba wabuluu pouluka.

Jiografia yokhala

Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, malo okhala buluu-edger anali ochulukirapo, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kugwira mbalame chifukwa cha nyama yawo kapena nthenga zokongoletsera, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchuluka kwawo kwachepa kwambiri.

Pakadali pano, raksha amatha kupezeka m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango ndi ku steppe ku Europe, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Ambiri amakhala ku Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Estonia, Turkey, mayiko a Balkan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Spain ndi France. Ma Bluefins ndi mbalame zosamukira, nthawi yozizira ikayamba, mbalame zimawulukira kudera la Sahara, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa ndi Cote d'Ivoire.

Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo okhala nkhalango, kusankha mitengo, kapena nkhalango zakale za mitengo ya pine ndi nkhalango za oak. Mutha kupezanso amadyedwe amapaki amtawuni, mabwalo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Guzani wa buluuyu ali ndi chimbalangondo. Chifuwa chabuluu chimadyetsa anapiye. Woyambira wamba wabuluu pouluka. Roller. Roller.

Mawonekedwe

Ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa mphiri wamba wamtambo ndi mbalame zina chifukwa cha motley wake ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri. Zophimba za nthenga za mbalame, mutu ndi chifuwa zimakhala ndi utoto wokongola wamtambo, nthenga zakumbuyo ndizotumbululuka, ndipo kukagula ndi kofiirira kapena kwamtambo. Nthenga za mapikowo zimapaka utoto wonyezimira, pa malangizo achikuda.

Chingwe cholumikizira chimafanana ndi makulidwe ndi kukula kwa khwangwala wamba. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo ndi 31 - 35 cm, mapiko amatha kufikira 70 cm, pomwe kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi magalamu 200. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika ndi mbalame ndi mutu wawukulu mokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi.

Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi wowongoka, wopinimbira pang'ono kuchokera kumbali kumtunda kwa mbedza, yofiirira yakuda, m'munsi mwa mulomo ndi mitsempha yolimba yofanana ndi mabatani. Mchira wa mbalame sizitali kwambiri - pafupifupi 19 masentimita zimakhala ndi nthenga za buluu zowala khumi ndi ziwiri, nthenga za mchira zimakhala zakuda, ndipo nthenga zopepuka kwambiri zimakhala zazitali kuposa zina zonse. Miyendo ya Raksha ndi yayitali, yofiirira yautoto, chala chimodzi pamwendo chimatembenuzidwira kumbuyo, ndipo zitatu kutsogolo, chala chilichonse chimatha ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa kwambiri.

Mbalame zazing'ono ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu - maula awo ali ngati wokutidwa ndi zolembera, nthawi ikatha. Kugonana kwa dimorphism kulibe kwathunthu.

Roller. Roller. Roller. Mbale yaying'ono yazungulira waya wamiyala. Zoyenda kuthengo. Bulcake wamba m'dzinja. Woyambira wamba wabuluu pouluka.

Kodi amadyawo amadya chiyani?

Ma Bluefins sakonda nkhalango zazikulu, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'chipululu kapena m'chipululu.

Zonenepa wamba sizokomera kudya, koma amakonda kudya nyama - idyani tizilombo tambiri. Chifukwa chake zakudya zamtengo wapatali kwa iwo ndi izi:

• Dzombe,
• Ziphuphu
• Achule
• Centipedes
• Makoko ang'onoang'ono
• Zomera
• Cicadas
• Mantis
• Gulugufe
• Njuchi ndi mavu
• Ntchentche
• Chinsinsi
• Nyerere.

M'dzinja, mphesa, zipatso zina ndi mbewu zina zimapezeka pakudya kwa mbalame.

Mbalamezi zimachita zinthu modabwitsa - zikaona nyama, mbalameyo imangotuluka panthambiyo ndikuwathamangitsa. Mbalameyo ikangogwira nyama yake, imameza nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mbewa idalanda mbalameyo, ndiye kuti isanadye chilombocho kangapo ikudzutsa mpaka kutalika kwambiri ndikuigwetsa pansi mpaka womwalirayo atamwalira.

Moyo

Kunja kwa nthawi ya kuswana, Raksha amakhala ndi moyo wapadera. Nthawi zambiri mbalame ikagona pamtengo, ikuyang'ana nyama. Makoswe amtundu wabuluu samayenda mozungulira dziko lapansi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a miyendo yawo - ndiwotalika kwambiri, kutsika kokha kuti azidya abuluzi, achule kapena makoswe, ngati mbalameyo ikuwona zoopsa, chinsinsi chotsekemera chimamasulidwa m'mimba mwake, chomwe chimawopsa mbalame ndi zilombo.

Mbalame zouluka osati kwambiri, mosadukiza, kenako ndikutukuka kwambiri ndikupita pansi, nthawi zambiri kuthamanga sikumapitirira 150-180 metres.

M'masiku otentha, msinjiro wamafuta umakhala wotakataka, wosafunafuna chakudya nthawi zonse, koma ngati nyengo ilikuipa, kusanduka mitambo komanso kuzizira, ndiye kuti mbalameyo imakhala m'malo otetezeka. Ma Bluefins ndi mbalame zotentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimawulukira ku Africa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndipo zimabwereranso kumadera awo osowa kale mwezi wa Meyi. Ngati dzinja lili lozizira komanso mvula, ndiye kuti mbalame sizimayikira mazira awo konse.

Mbalamezi sizisiyanitsidwa ndi zokongola, mawu ake amafanana ndi khola - "Crack .. Cancer ..", ndi gawo la "kuyimba" lomwe linapatsa mbalame ija dzina lachiwiri.

Kutuwa kwamtambo wabuluu panthambi ya mtengo. Roller. Roller.

Kuswana

Mbalame zimakhwima pofika zaka ziwiri. Mbalamezi ndizomwe zimatsutsana, zikangopeza wokwatirana, zimakhalabe zokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake mpaka imfa. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukhwima, kuti akope chidwi chachikazi, Raksha wamwamuna amayamba kuchita zovina zenizeni mlengalenga pamaso pake, kwinaku akulira mofuula kwambiri.

Makoswewo sasintha malo okhalamo, kubwerera chaka chilichonse kumalo amodzi. Ngati chisa, chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito dzenje loponyedwa ndi Woodpecker, kapena mphako pathanthwe. Komanso chisa chimatha kusankha ming'alu yaying'ono mumakoma a nyumba. M'malo okhala ndi dothi lofewa, mbalame zimadzipangira zokha mabowo mpaka 70 cm, kumapeto kwa bowo kudzakhala chipinda chochezera, nthawi zambiri popanda zinyalala. Nthawi zina, Raksha amatha kukhala m'magulu awiriawiri - awiri kapena atatu amaika zisa zawo mu bowo limodzi lalikulu.

Mbalameyi imayamba kuyikira mazira mu Juni, nthawi zambiri mazira anayi mpaka 6 omwe amaonekera pakatikati pa dzira losemedwa ndi buluu maola 48 aliwonse, pomwe amadzadzaza kwa masiku pafupifupi 18-20. Kulemera kwa dzira kuli pafupifupi magalamu 15, mainchesi pafupifupi 29 mm. Nthawi zambiri anapiye amenewo amakhala omwe amakhala oyamba kubadwa, ndipo achichepere, osatha kupirira mpikisano, amafa ndi njala, chifukwa anapiye awiri omwe amapulumuka.

Ana amabadwa ali amaliseche ndi akhungu konse, chifukwa chake, abambo ndi amayi omwe adangopangidwa kumene amayenera kudyetsa ndi kutenthetsa ana awo ndi kutentha kwa masiku 28, onse aakazi ndi aamuna ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wodyetsa anapiye. Amphaka akangofika, amayesa kuchoka chisa, koma kwa masiku angapo abwereranso ku chisa, komwe makolo achikondi amawadyetsa. Mpaka kuyambira nthawi yophukira, anapiye omwe angobadwa kumene amakhalabe ndi makolo awo, ndikuphunzira kupeza chakudya.

Kutalika kwa moyo kwa masamba wamba ndi zaka 9-10.

Phukusi la makoswe.

Zosangalatsa

M'mayiko ena a ku Asia, chopukusira chimakhala ngati mbalame "yodetsedwa", motero zisa zake zimasakazidwa mwapadera.

Oyendetsa ndege ndi othandiza kwambiri pafamu, amawononga tizilombo tambiri tambiri, choncho posachedwapa m'maiko ena achitapo kanthu kukopa magulu awiri azakudya.

Blue-roe wamba imatengera mtundu wa dzina lomweli lomwe limayimiriridwa ndi mitundu 8, dzina lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuweruza mbali zazikulu zamtundu uliwonse. Nayi mitundu 7 yotsalira ya mtunduwu:

• Abyssinian,
• Chibengali
• Bluebelly
• Lofiyira
• Rockettail,
• Sulaweska,
• Lilac m'mawere.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Wamba Blue Roller mbalame yapadera, ndi ya banja la Sizovoronkov ndi gulu la Rakshoobraznyh. Ali ndi maula ambiri okongola komanso osefukira, ndipo kuthambo kumawoneka mochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mawonekedwe othawa ndi okalamba kwambiri komanso othamanga, mapikowo amapanga mapiko olimba ndi akuthwa.

Mutu wa munthu, chifuwa chake ndi mapiko ake amkati amakhala ndi kamvekedwe kopanda tanthauzo kamtundu wa buluu.

Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira ndi dzimbiri, ndikusintha kosavuta koyambirira koyambira mchira kukhala wamtambo-wakuda wokhala ndi matalala amtambo. Mapiko owotchera zokutidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa mlengalenga zakumaso ndi zobiriwira, zosintha zakuda pamapikisano.

Mbalame ya roe yamtambo m'milingo yake ndi ofanana ndi mbawala kapena matsenga. Ali ndi izi:

• kutalika mpaka 30-30 cm,
• kulemera kumatha kukhala 240 gr.,
• malamulo ndi abwino, mogwirizana
• mapiko akufalikira mpaka 22 cm, mapiko ali pafupi 65 cm,
• miyendo yamtambo wamtambo,
• pa mwendo uliwonse, zala zitatu zimatembenuzidwa cham'mbuyo, ndi chimodzi kumbuyo,
• mutu wa mkulu wamkulu pakhosi lalifupi,
• mithunzi yakuda ya mulomo, yolimba komanso yamphamvu, ngakhale mawonekedwe, pamphepete mwa gawo lakumwambalo ngati mbedza.

Mbalameyi imakhala yachilendo - pansi pa mulomo amayikapo bristle bristle-like vibrissae (chiwalo chogwira). Mtunduwu umayenda padziko lapansi ndikudumphira, motero umakonda kuyang'ana nyama kuchokera kunthambi za mitengo.

Mbalameyi imawuluka mosinthana, ikukula ndikutsamira. Kuuluka kwawo nthawi zambiri sikuyenera kupitirira 200-250 metres. Liwu la mbale yowotchera kukwawa ndi kolimba, kokumbukira mawu akuti "wokongola". Amuna ndi abambo mosiyana sasiyana.

Mverani kuyimba kwa buluu wabuluu

Pali mitundu 8 m'banja la makoswe, mwaiwo mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakhala ku Europe ndi kumwera kwa Russia.

Chamoyo chilichonse chimakhala ndi zake:

1. Lilac Chifuwa Chagolidi Imawonekera makamaka chifukwa cha kukongola kwake. Chifuwa ndi lilac chokhala ndi tint yofiirira, mutu ndi gawo la occipital ndizobiriwira, ndipo maso amakhala ndi mzere woyeretsa. Kupanda kutero, mtunduwo ndi wofanana ndi wamba. Mbalameyi imangokhala ku Africa kokha. Makhalidwe ake amakhazikika. Ili ndi magulu awiri.

2. Abyssinian Blue Roller. Mitunduyi ndiyosowa, imakhala ku Center of Africa, ili ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, zakudya - tizilombo, makoswe ang'onoang'ono.

3. Blue-belly bluu-zonona. Wosiyanayo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wamtundu wakuda wobiriwira kumbuyo, kirimu pamutu. Chimakhala ku Central Africa, chimadyetsa chakudya. Anthu adanenapo za mkhalidwe - mbalame iliyonse yomwe imawoneka pachisa imagwidwa.

4. Bengal roaster ali ndi chifuwa chofiirira, osati chamtambo. Amakhala m'minda ndi madera aku South Asia, ku Peninsula ya Arabia kupita ku China, ku India. Sichisuntha, koma nyengo yakunyanja imakhala ndikuuluka pandege lalifupi. Mbalameyi idakhala yotchuka chifukwa cha aerobatics aamuna nthawi yakukhwima. Amakonda kusambira ndikugwira nsomba zazing'ono. Ili ndi masamba atatu. Maiko angapo aku India asankha mbalameyi ngati chizindikiro.

5. Sollawesian Blue Roll. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi torso lolemera buluu komanso imvi pamutu ndi mchira. Mitundu yachilendo ku Indonesia.

6. Wopanda mpunga wotchedwa chipewa chachifupi chofiirira pamutu wa nthenga. Chifuwa chimakhalanso ndi kamvekedwe ka bulauni. Mbalameyi imakhazikika, imakhala madera a Africa kumwera kwa Sahara, imadyetsa zinkhanira, akangaude ndi abuluzi.

7. Rockettail roaster. Munthuyu amakhala m'maiko angapo kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Ili ndi dzina lake la nthenga zazitali m'mbali mwa mchira. Mtundu, wofanana ndi wamba, koma uli ndi utoto woyera pamutu.

Banja limasiyanitsa subfamily yachilendo yomwe imangokhala ku Madagascar - dongo. Mbalamezi zimakhala zachikulire kwambiri komanso mwanzeru kuthamanga kuzungulira dziko lapansi kufunafuna chakudya pakati pa udzu. Ali ndi miyendo yolimba komanso yayitali. Amamanga zisa m'nthaka.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ma Bluefins amadya makamaka chakudya chokhala ndi moyo, pomwe ena amapatsa mphamvu. Mbalame zimayang'ana kulanda kwawo kuchokera mmwamba, zikukhala korona wamtengo, nsipu, nsanja zazitali, mawaya amagetsi. Zakudya zake nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nthawi ya masika - kachilombo, komanso kuchokera pakati pa chilimwe - dzombe,
• nyongolotsi, mavu, ntchentche,
• abuluzi ang'ono
• kangapo - mbewa zazing'ono ndi achule,
• zipatso, zipatso ndi mbewu - nthawi yakucha.

Kuwona nyama yakumtunda kuchokera kumwamba, kansapato kamene kamauluka ndikuwuluka nthawi yomweyo ndikuyigwira ndi mulomo wolimba. Khoswe wakung'onoting'ono akagwidwa, mbalame imakwera m'mwamba ndi thambo ndikuiponyera pansi kangapo. Ndipo pokhapokha amayamba kudya.

Palinso njira ina yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito, limodzi ndi nyama, yomwe imakwera mumtengo. Pogwira nyama yake ndi mlomo wake ndi mchira, imagwada ndi mphamvu ndi mutu wake pamalo olimba. Mbalameyi izichita izi mpaka ikatsimikizire kuti nyama yolandirayo sikhala ndi moyo. Pambuyo pokhapokha nyama idyedwa.

Utali wamoyo

Achinyamata amayamba kufunafuna okwatirana azaka ziwiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mbalameyi imakhala ndi moyo wa zaka 8-9. Koma pali milandu yodziwika ya moyo wake mpaka zaka 10-12. Pakupita kwa moyo, mbalame imodzi imatha kukula mpaka anapiye 20 mpaka 22. Ngati mvula yamvula komanso yozizira itaperekedwa mchaka chimodzi, ndiye kuti matayala amtambo sangaberekane. Mbalamezi zimakonda nyengo yotentha.

Zosangalatsa

Mbale ya buluu ili ndi zinthu zina zomwe sizachilendo komanso zosangalatsa:

1. Mbalameyo ili ndi katundu wake: pa ngozi, munthu amabisa chinsinsi kuchokera m'mimba, ndi fungo loipa. Izi zimawopseza adani ambiri. Ndipo mbalameyo, imadzipulumutsa yokha ndikusunga malo ake okhalamo ndi anapiyewo kuti asaukire.
2. Mbalamezo, zikalemba kamodzi, zimakhala zokhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.
3. Kwa zaka 30 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama kwatsika kwambiri. Ku Europe, chifukwa cha zachilengedwe komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, komanso kumayiko akumwera (India) - chifukwa chomwe amawombera chifukwa cha nyama yokoma. Mbama nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa kuti zizisangalatsa, nyama zokhazikika, kuti zizigulitsa.
4. Kudula mitengo mosaganizira komanso nyengo ya masika ndi yophukira kwa nyengo yophukira kumapangitsa mbalame kusaka malo ena kuti ikapeze malo okhala.
5. Zowona zokhala m'mabanja ambiri mu bowo limodzi lalikulu zimadziwika, pomwe banja lililonse limakhala ndi chisa chake chachikulu. M'nyumba “yothandizirana” choterocho mbalame sizitha kusamvana ndikukweza ana awo.
6. Sizovoronka mu chithunzi ndipo makanemawo amakhala okongola ndi chisomo chowoneka bwino - chikuwoneka ngati mbalame ikuwuluka paradiso.
7. Asayansi alemba kutulutsa kwa thonje lamtambo kuti kusamutse anapiye kuchokera ku chisa china kupita nacho kwina - izi ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zowopsa, komanso mbalame kwa mbalame.
8. Kumagawo akummwera kwa dziko lathu, nthawi zina mbalame zakale zimasaka mazira awo "mwamphamvu", makamaka zachikazi. Pakadali pano, mdzenje, mutha kuwapeza mosavuta ngakhale ndi manja anu.
9. Synovovka imadya tambiri tambiri tomwe timavulaza mbewu zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ndiyoyenera kulemekezedwa, chifukwa potere imabweretsa zabwino, kupulumutsa mbewu, mbewu ku zovuta za tizirombo.
10. Tsoka ilo, mbalameyi ili pachiwopsezo cha kutha ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book. Ili ndi gulu loyamba la rarity. Ku Moscow, Lipetsk, Kaluga ndi Ryazan ndi madera ena, mitunduyi yatetezedwa. Malo okhala ndi nyama zodyera amatetezedwa.

Blue Roller Ordinary ndi paradiso wopezeka kumadera akutali ochokera kumayiko akutali ndi otentha ku Asia ndi ku Africa. Chovala chokha chikufuulira za izi. Pouluka, mbalame zimawuluka mtunda wautali kuti zibwerere, kudzala ndi kulera anapiye. Ntchito yathu ndikusunga mitunduyi yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha, ndikupanga zonse zofunikira kuti ikhalepozi komanso kuti ziwonjezeke.