Piyoni ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu zomwe zimakhala m'gulu la malo oyamba padziko lapansi chifukwa cha magawo ake. Achibale a njoka izi ndi boas.
Chitsa chautali kwambiri ndi 10 metres, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 100 kilogalamu. Padziko lapansi pano pali mitundu 41 ndi mitundu 9 ya nyama.
Ngakhale ali ndi thupi lalikulu, ali ndi zozizwitsa komanso zodabwitsazi. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala osaka mwapadera omwe amawononga omwe awagwirirayo ndi kukumbatirana kovuta.
Amawapeza omwe amawazunza mothandizidwa ndi mitengo yaying'ono yomwe ili pakamwa pawo. Amatchedwa radar. Zikuyimira masensa tating'onoting'ono timene timazindikira tambiri tomwe timadya.
Pythons - othandizira
Python siluma mnzake, imachita ngati mfundo yodzimangiriza, yotchedwa yankho. Amakulunga ndi mphete yake ndikumukakamiza mpaka atapumira. Nyama ikafa, chimbudzicho chimeza nthawi yomweyo.
Gulu la mafupa
Izi zobwezeretsedwa zimafotokozedwa motengera zotsatirazi:
- Domain: eukaryotes.
- Ufumu: nyama.
- Subtype: Vertebrates.
- Lembani: mayendedwe.
- Gulu: zodzitchinjiriza.
- Dongosolo: scaly.
- Banja: ma pythons.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa njoka izi kumatha kukhala kilogalamu 32, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 7.5 metres. Pali ma pythons amfupi. Kulemera kwawo ndizoposa 200 magalamu, ndipo kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi masentimita 50.
Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka 25 (mwina mwinanso).
Zodzikongoletsera zokongola izi, ndi kukongola kwake, zimatha kuwononga wotchi. Koma kuseri kwa kukongola uku pali mdani wowopsa yemwe sangalole kulanda zinthu ngati wagwira kale.
Ali mu ukapolo, amakhalanso bwino. Nthawi zina amakhala bwino ndi munthu.
Chimbudzi
Mapira, monga njoka zina, ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera a nsagwada. Zikuwoneka kuti zimapangidwa kuti zimame nyama. Nsagwada yapamwamba yokha imangiriza, ndipo nsagwada yakum'mayo imamangirizika pazomangamanga ndipo imatha kutambalala kwa masentimita angapo. Chifukwa cha izi, python imatha kumeza munthu wamkulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zidutswa zina za wovutitsidwayo, nthenga ndi ubweya siziyakidwa, ubowo umaziphwanya.
Kukhazikika kwa njoka zosavulaza izi
Izi zokwawa zimakhazikika kum'mawa kwa dziko lapansi, kuphatikiza Australia, Asia ndi Africa. Sangapezeke ku America. Njoka zazikuluzi kuzilumba za ku Africa zimakhala makamaka kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara.
Oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtunduwu amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kuwona njoka zosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.
Choyambirira, khungu ndi mawonekedwe a khungu la nyama zodzisankhazi ndizosiyana. Zambiri mwa zokwawa izi zimakhala komwe kuli tchire ndi mitengo. M'malo achipululu, ma pythons sakhala wamba. Pafupi ndi malo osungirako nyama zofiirazi zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri.
Khalidwe
Python ndi njoka yayikulu yopanda poizoni. Izi ndizowopsa zowopsa. Thupi lake limatha kukula pafupifupi 7.5 metres. Woimira wamkulu kwambiri ndi reticulated python.
Izi zikuluzikulu sizikugwira ntchito. Amakonda nyengo yofunda komanso nyengo yotentha yopanda kutsika ndi 25 digiri. Njoka izi zimatha kukwera mumtengo ndikusambira. Pazifukwa izi, mndandanda wazomwe akupanga ndiwotalikirapo.
Python ndi wachibale wa boa constorateor. Koma amasiyana nawo pazinthu zakunja ndi zamkati. Zoologists opanga 9 ali ndi mitundu ya mitundu ya zotsalira, ndipo iliyonse ya izo ili ndi mitundu ingapo. Mwambiri, asayansi aphunzira mitundu ya njoka yowopsa, yayikulu komanso yokongola.
Pobadwa, gulu limawoneka motere:
- Mitundu Leiopython ili ndi mitundu 6.
- Mitundu ya Apodora imakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha.
- Mtundu wa Broghammerus uli ndi mitundu iwiri.
- Makutu akuda ali ndi mitundu iwiri.
- Madera okhala ku Australia akuphatikiza mitundu 4.
- Phokoso limaphatikizapo ma subspecies amodzi okha.
- Ma Rhombic aku Australia ali ndi mitundu 12.
- Zolemba zam'madzi zimaphatikizapo mitundu itatu.
- Ma pythons enieni adaphunzira mitundu 10.
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti mitundu ingapo ya mitundu itha kale. Mtundu wamtundu waku Australia umakhala woyenera kutengedwa kapena kutayika. Ndipo zonse chifukwa cha kukula kwawo: kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 200, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 50.
Magawo akunja ndi kusiyana kwawo kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya njoka
Mutha kuyankhula za kuwonekera kwa nyama izi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu iyi ndi mitundu ya nyamayi imangodabwitsa malingaliro a anthu. Pali njoka mwamphamvu zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana pakhungu.
China chake chachilendo kapena chachilendo chili ngati mawonekedwe a Green. Mwanjira ina, dzina lake ndi Woody. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino mosawoneka bwino. Kutalika kwake, thupi lake limatalika kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2 metres. Green python ndiyowoyimira bwino kwambiri pamtundu, koma ilibe mawonekedwe ovuta pakhungu.
Pithoni yakuda yakuda imatha kutalika mpaka 5 metres. Muthanso kukumana ndi anthu akuluakulu. Koma nthawi zambiri samakula kupitirira 3.7 metres. Chimphona ichi chimatha kupezeka ku Indonesia ndi Southeast Asia. Khungu la njoka iyi ndi zinthu zodula kwambiri.
Zofunikira
Chodabwitsa momwe chingamveke, chimbudzi chili ndi miyendo. Zachidziwikire, osati zofanana mwa anthu kapena nyama, koma miyendo yopingasa. Zomwe zatsala ndi miyendo yathunthu lero zikuwoneka ngati zibwano zazing'ono. Mu sayansi, amatchedwa anal spurs. Ndipo izi ndichifukwa cha kwawo.
Kuphatikiza pa ma tchire, mtundu uliwonse wa njoka iyi imakhala ndi zodzimanga za lamba m'chiuno. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mapapu awiri, monga munthu aliyense komanso nyama iliyonse. Njoka zina (zakuda mamba kapena njoka) zimakhala ndi mapapu amodzi okha - omwe ali wolumikizidwa m'thupi.
Ndipo chimbudzi chimakhala ndi mano omwe amakhala pafupa la submandibular. Izi zokwawa komanso mafupa infraorbital.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Python ndi mlenje wobadwira yemwe amalimbana ndi mgwiro ndi chidaliro chonse kuti apirira. Mukasaka, chimbudzi sichiluma yemwe akuvutikayo, koma chimafinya pam nkhondo yovuta. Thupi lonse la njoka nthawi ngati izi limafanana ndi mfundo yodzilimbitsa.
Nthochi, yomwe thupi lake limafikira mita 5, imatha kumeza mosavuta mphaka kapena nyama yamphongo yonse. Mwina izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha mapangidwe a nsagwada.
Python amadya kokha 5 pachaka. Zopanga zazikulu zimatha kukumba kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo.
Njoka zamtunduwu zimakonda abuluzi wamkulu kapena mbalame. Mitundu yaying'ono kapena nyama zazing'ono zimadyedwa ndi zolengedwa kapena makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Kugwidwa koyamba kwa wogwidwa pakasaka kwa python kumathandizira kulimbitsa thupi. Ndipo zitatha izi, chimbudzi chimamaliza kumumenya ndi mphete za thupi lake.
Pakakhala kundende, anthu ambiri amasunga nyalugwe. Cholinga chomwe amamsankhira ndi chikhalidwe chake chodekha komanso kuzolowera moyo m'nyumba ya anthu. Nthawi zambiri kulemera kwa piramidi kumatha kupitilira unyinji wa omwe akukalandira.
Mwana wakhanda amatha kumeza nkhuku kapena mbewa ya tsiku limodzi. Anthu achikulire ochulukirapo amapatsidwa khoswe, kenako kalulu.
Nyama yotchedwa tiger python yomwe thupi lake limapitilira 3 metres iyenera kudya nkhuku yayikulu wamkulu pachakudya chimodzi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi chokwiracho chimakhala ndimwazi wofunda komanso wamoyo. Pokhapokha mwa njira imeneyi ndi pomwe chakudya chimatha kuperekedwa chomwe chofanana ndi chilengedwe.
M'malo achilengedwe, ma pythons amasaka mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimazindikira kutentha kwa wovutikayo.
Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba siziyenera kupatsidwa chakudya chamoyo. Amati izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zimatha kuwononga osaka.
Kuswana kwa Python
Amuna a zokwawa izi ndi zazing'ono kuposa zazikazi. Matenga amapezeka pakusisita wamphongo ndi wamkazi. Nthawi yomweyo, yamphongo imakanda mkazi ndi zipsera kumbuyo - miyendo yakumanzere.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zikafika pakubala, banja lamazira ogwiritsidwa ndi njoka lilidi. Mwanjira ina, chachikazi, chikuyika mazira, nichigunda mpaka kumapeto.
Poterepa, matenthedwe omangamanga amapitilira madigiri 15 kutentha kutentha. Mitundu 41 ya njoka pakati pa zokwawa zonse zimayikira mazira ambiri.
Pambuyo pakukhwima, patatha pafupifupi miyezi itatu, wamkazi amayikira mazira. Pafupifupi 60 mwa iwo akukwana, koma nthawi zina nambalayi ikhoza kukhala yayikulu.
Chitseko chachikazi pamwamba pa dzira chikugona chimagona kukhala chovuta. Monga chisa, ma pythons nthawi zambiri amasankha mtengo womwe mkati mwake muli kanthu.
Mkazi yekha ndiye amasamalira m'badwo wamtsogolo. Kuberekanso mitundu yonse ya ma pythons kumachitika m'dzinja kapena nthawi yozizira. Koma boas, omwe ndi abale apamtima kwambiri a ma pythons, sikugona mazira.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Mesh Python
Pizoni yokhazikika inayamba kufotokozedwa koyamba mu 1801 ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany I. Gottlob. Mtundu wa dzina la "reticulatus" watanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Latin kuti "mesh" ndipo umanena za dongosolo lovuta. Python adalembera dzina la French Natural Dustden mu 1803.
Kafukufuku wa 2004 wa genetic wa DNA adapeza kuti thonje lofufuma limayandikira pafupi ndi madzi am'madzi osati pa mbawala zam'madzi, monga momwe amaganizira kale. Mu 2008, a Leslie Rawlings ndi anzawo adayang'ananso zaumboni ndipo, kuwaphatikiza ndi ma genetic, anapeza kuti mtundu wamtunduwu ndi gawo la mzere wamadzi am'madzi.
Kanema: Python Yoyambiranso
Kutengera maphunziro a genetic genet, net python yalembedwa mwalamulo kuyambira 2014 pansi pa dzina lasayansi lotchedwa Malaopython reticulans.
Mwa mitundu iyi, mitundu itatu ingatchulidwe:
- malayopython reticulans reticulans, amene ali nominotypic taxon,
- malayopython reticulans saputrai, womwe ndi wobadwa mwa madera a chilumba cha Indonesia ku Sulawesi ndi Selayar,
- Malaopython reticulans jampeanus amapezeka kokha pachilumba cha Jampea.
Kupezeka kwa ma subspecies titha kufotokozeredwa ndi mfundo yoti ma python ojambulidwa bwino amagawidwa m'malo akulu kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kuzilumba zosiyana. Izi njoka zimadzipatula ndipo palibe kusakanikirana kwamtundu ndi ena. Magulu abwinobwino anayi, omwe ali pachilumba cha Sangihe, akufufuzidwa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Big Mesh Python
Reticised phamu ndi njoka yayikulu yomwe imakhala ku Asia. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwamunthu ndi kulemera kwakuthupi kwamunthu ndi 4.78 m ndi 170 kg, motsatana. Anthu ena amafikira kutalika kwa 9.0 m ndi kulemera kwa 270 kg. Ngakhale ma pythons ooneka motalika kupitilira 6 metres samakhala osowa, komabe, malinga ndi Guinness Book of Record, iyi ndi njoka yokha yomwe ilipo yomwe imapitilira kutalika kotere.
Misonyezowo yokhala ndi utoto wachikasu ndi utoto wautoto wokhala ndi mizere yakuda kuchokera kumbali yamaso akutsikira kumaso. Mzere wina wakuda nthawi zina umakhalapo pamutu wa njokayo, kuyambira kumapeto kwa kufalikira mpaka kumunsi kwa chigaza kapena nape. Mtundu wamtundu wa mesh python ndi njira yovuta kuphatikizira yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Msana nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosapangidwa ndi miyala ya diamondi, yozunguliridwa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi malo owala.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Kudera lamtundu wamtunduwu, kusiyana kwakukulu, kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake zimapezeka.
Mu zoo, mawonekedwe amtundu amatha kuwoneka ovuta, koma m'malo otentha a nkhalangoyi, pakati pa masamba omwe adagwa ndi zinyalala, imalola kuti chitha chitha. Monga lamulo, mtunduwu unkawonetsa kuti zazikazi zimakula kwambiri kuposa zazimuna kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Wankazi wamba amatha kukula mpaka 6.09 m ndi 90 kg, mosiyana ndi wamphongo, womwe umakhala wamtali wa 4.5 mita mpaka 45 makilogalamu.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa ngati kapena reticured phokoso ndi poyizoni. Tiyeni tidziwe komwe njoka yayikulu imakhala.
Kodi ukonde waukonde umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Snake reticulated Python
Python amakonda malo otentha komanso otentha ndipo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi. Poyamba ankakhala m'malo a mvula ndi madambo. Pamene kuwongolera madera akuyamba kuchepa, khwangwala wa ukonde amayamba kuzolowera nkhalango zachiwiri ndi minda yolima ndikukhala ndi anthu ambiri. Kuchulukanso, njoka zazikulu zimapezeka m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono, komwe zimayenera kupititsidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma python net amatha kukhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndipo imapezeka kumadera okhala ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Ndiwosambira wabwino kwambiri yemwe amatha kusambira kupita kunyanja, motero njokayo idasanja zilumba zazing'ono zambiri mkati mwake. Amati kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, python net anali mlendo wokhazikika, ngakhale ku Bangkok.
Mitundu yamatumbo amtundu wa paticon imafalikira ku South Asia:
Kuphatikiza apo, zamtunduwu ndizofalikira kuzilumba za Nicobar, komanso: Sumatra, gulu la zilumba za Mentawai, zilumba 272 za Natuna, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Maluku, Sumba, Flores, Bohol, Cebu, Leite, Mindanao, Mindoro, Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Polillo, Samar, Tavi-Tavi.
Phenicon yodziwika bwino imakhala m'malo obiriwira, m'nkhalango, komanso m'nkhalango, pamtunda wa 1200-2500 m. Kutentha kofunikira kuti kubereka ndi kupulumuka kuyenera kukhala pakati pa ≈24ºC ndi ≈34ºC pamaso pa chinyezi.
Kodi ma mesh python amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Yellow Net Python
Monga ngale zonse, wakoka amakasaka anthu obisalira, kudikirira kuti awagwire, asanagwire nyama ndi thupi lake ndikupha modekha. Amadziwika kuti amadya nyama zomwe zimayamwa komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdera lawo.
Zakudya zake zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo:
Nthawi zambiri amasaka ziweto: nkhumba, mbuzi, agalu ndi nkhuku. Ana a nkhumba ndi ana olemera 10-15 makilogalamu amaphatikizidwa muzakudya zonse. Komabe, pali nkhani yodziwika pamene ma mesh python ameza kuti ndilembe, omwe kulemera kwake kudaposa 60 kg. Imasaka mileme, ndikuigwira ndikuthawa, ikukhazikitsa mchira wake pazinthu zopanda pake zomwe zili phanga. Anthu ang'onoang'ono mpaka atatu mamita kutalika amadyetsa makoswe, monga makoswe, pomwe anthu akuluakulu amasinthira kukulira nyama yayikulu.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Pizoni yokhazikika imatha kumeza nyama kuti izitenga gawo limodzi la kutalika ndi kulemera kwake. Mwa zina zazikulu zolembedwa pali chimbalangondo cha ku Malawi chomwe chili ndi theka yolemera makilogalamu 23, chomwe chinadyedwa ndi njoka 6.95 m kukula kwake ndipo chinatenga pafupifupi milungu khumi kuti chikugaye.
Amakhulupirira kuti ma pythons ojambulidwa amatha kudyera anthu, chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo zomwe zimagwera anthu kuthengo komanso kwa eni nyumba okhala ndi ma pythons. Pafupifupi nkhani imodzi imadziwika pomwe Python reticulatus adalowa mnyumba yamunthu ndikukhala ndi mwana. Pofuna kudziwa nyamayo, chimbudzi chojambulachi chimagwiritsa ntchito maenje akhungu (ziwalo zapadera mwa njoka) zomwe zimazindikira kutentha kwa zinyama. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzindikire malo omwe amapangidwira mogwirizana ndi kutentha kwake ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha izi, piramidi lojambulidwa khungu limapeza nyama ndi zilombo popanda kuziwona.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Mesh Python
Ngakhale kukhala pafupi ndi anthu, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika ndimakhalidwe a nyama izi. Misewu yokhala ndi mawonedwe otsogola imagwiritsa ntchito masana ndipo imakhala tsiku lathunthu pamalo otetezeka. Mtunda womwe nyama zimakwirira pamoyo wawo, kapena ngati ali ndi madera okhazikika, sanafufuzidwe bwino. Pizoni wokhazikika ndi wosungulumwa yemwe amalumikizana kokha pakukhwima.
Izi njoka zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi madzi. Pakusunthira, amatha kugwira minofu ndikuwamasula nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga njira ya njoka.Chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka rectilinear komanso kukula kwa thupi lalikulu la ma python ojambulidwa, mtundu wa kayendedwe ka njoka momwe umakankhira thupi lake kenako ndikufutukuka molunjika umayang'aniridwa pafupipafupi chifukwa amalola anthu okulirapo kuyenda mwachangu. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhotera ndikuwongolera, python imatha kukwera mitengo.
Chosangalatsa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe ofanana ndi thupi, njoka zam'maso zofanana, njoka zonse, zimataya khungu lawo kukonza mabala kapena nthawi yakula. Kuwonongeka khungu, kapena kupindika, ndikofunikira kuti thupi likhala likukula mosalekeza.
Phokoso la ma mesh mwina silimva phokoso ndipo limakhala ndi malire chifukwa cha ma eyida osasunthika. Chifukwa chake, amadalira kununkhira kwake ndikukhudza kuti apeze nyama zodyera komanso kupewa. Njoka ilibe makutu; mmalo mwake, ili ndi chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi kuti mumve kugwedezeka pansi. Chifukwa chakusowa kwa makutu, njoka ndi njoka zina zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka thupi kuti zimange mawonekedwe omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Big Mesh Python
Nthawi yoswana ya ma python a reticured imatha kuyambira pa Febuluwale mpaka Epulo. Posakhalitsa nyengo yozizira, ma pythons amayamba kukonzekera kubereka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyengo yotentha. M'malo ambiri, malo omwe akukhudzidwa amakhudza nthawi yoyambira. Chifukwa chake, ma pythons amaberekana kutengera kusintha kwa nyengo mdera linalake.
Malo osungirako ana amafunika kukhala ndi nyama zambiri kuti mkazi azitha kubereka. Matuzidwe omenyerawo amafunikira magawo omwe sanakhazikike anthu kuti azitha kubereka kwambiri. Kuchita bwino kwa dzira kumadalira mphamvu ya mayi yoteteza ndi kuyambitsa kuziziritsa, komanso chinyezi chambiri. Nthawi zambiri zazimuna zazitali zimakhala zokonzeka kubereka pomwe zazimuna zafika pafupifupi mamilimita awiri m'litali komanso pafupifupi 3.0 mamilimita kutalika kwa akazi. Amakwanitsa kutalika mkati mwa zaka 3-5 kwa akazi onse.
Zochititsa chidwi: Ngati pali zakudya zambiri, zazikazi zimabereka ana chaka chilichonse. M'madera omwe mulibe chakudya chochuluka, kukula kwake komanso pafupipafupi kumacheperachepera (kamodzi pa zaka 2-3). M'chaka chimodzi cha kubereka, mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka mazira 8-107, koma nthawi zambiri mazira 25-50. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa ana pobadwa ndi 0.15 g.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, ma python achikazi amatha kupitilirabe kumazira mazira kuti asangalale. Kudzera kwamisempha, minyewa imawotha mazira, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makulidwe komanso mwayi wa mbewu kuti ukhale ndi moyo. Pambuyo pobadwa, ma pythons ang'onoang'ono okhathamira sadziwa kusamalidwa ndi makolo ndipo amakakamizidwa kudziteteza ndi kupeza chakudya.
Zojambula za Python ndi malo okhala
Pythons adagwirizana kale ndi mutu wa zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zowona, anaconda amapikisana nawo, koma atayang'ananso ndi phokoso la mamita 12 kutalika mu malo ena osungirako zinyama, kutsogola kwa anaconda kuli kale kukaikira. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kwambiri njoka yayikulu. Ndipo, kukula kwake kwa njoka izi kuyambira 1 mita mpaka 7, 5.
Mtundu wa zokwawa izi ndizosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi khungu lofiirira, ma toni akuda, ndipo pali ena omwe amangodzikongoletsa ndi kuwala kwawo ndi kukongola kwake. Monga lamulo, zonsezi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawanga. Asayansi akunena kuti ma pythoni awiri omwe ali ndi mawanga omwewo ndiosatheka kupeza. Pakhoza kukhala ma python ndi mtundu wa monochrome (green python).
Koyamba, njoka zonse zimakhala "kumaso amodzi", koma zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi momwe zimapezera chakudya, zimasokoneza wozunzayo kapena kupha ndi chiphe. Komabe, izi ndi malingaliro olakwika.
Python, wofanana ndi wachi constitoror, samalola poizoni kulowa m'thupi la wolakwiridwayo, python si njoka yapoizoni ndipo imakonda kusokoneza chakudya chamtsogolo. Komabe, ma python ndi boas ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo.
Phula lili ndi mapapu awiri, ndipo anthu awiri ali ndi mapapu awiri. Koma njoka zina, kuphatikiza ndi constitoror wa boa, zimagula imodzi yokha, yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi boas, python imakhalanso ndi mano.
Izi ndizosavuta kufotokozera - a boa amaumiriza nyama yake ndi mphamvu ya minofu; samawopa kuti wozunzidwayo achotsedwa. Python amakolanso nyama yake, koma nthawi zambiri amayenera kusunga nyama yake ndi mano ake.
Njoka izi zikaoneka kuti zimatha kuthamanga, chifukwa zimadalirabe miyendo ndi manja. Tsopano awa ndiopanga yaying'ono (anal spurs). Palinso chinthu china chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi python kuchokera ku const constoror.
Pa chithunzichi, miyendo ya kumbuyo kwa miyendo
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mu hemipenises wa njoka izi pali mafupa ofufuza. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mafupa awa, chimbudzi cha njoka sichitha kujambula chiwalocho mkatikati, koma chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito fupa lotere nthawi yakukhwima - imapukutira mkaziyo nawo.
Ndipo pali gawo lotere la ma pythons omwe palibe chodzikongoletsera chomwe chingadzitame konse - amatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi. Kwa nthawi yayitali satha kukhalabe kutentha komwe kumafunikira ndikumakhala kokhazikika, koma kukazizira, amawonjezera kutentha kwa thupi ndi madigiri 5-15, omwe amawonekera kwambiri ndikuwathandiza pamavuto.
Ndipo amachita mophweka, amachepetsa minofu ya thupi lonse, yomwe imatsogolera kukuwotha. Nyengo ku Africa, Asia, Australia ndizoyenera kukhala kuthengo chifukwa cha nyama zamtchirezi. Kamodzi iwo, monga ziweto, adatengedwa kupita ku United States, Europe ndi South America.
Python ali ndi mano, mosiyana ndi boa constrateor.
Koma chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti ku Florida, zouluka izi zidatha kuthawira kuthengo, ndipo zidapulumuka. Komanso, mikhalidwe ya Florida idawafanizira, ndipo adayamba kuchulukana bwino.
Panthawiyi, adayamba kuwombera, akuganiza kuti, chifukwa cha njoka zambiri izi, chilengedwe chikuwonongeka. Koma asayansi sagwirizana, komabe kuchuluka kwa izi zapamadzi sizoyipa kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a ma pythons ammbuyo
Chithunzi: Net python mwachilengedwe
Ma temu ojambulidwanso alibe adani achilengedwe chifukwa cha kukula kwawo ndi mphamvu zawo. Mazira a njoka ndi ma pythons oswedwa posachedwa amatsutsidwa ndi zilombo monga mbalame (nkhumba, chiwombankhanga, heron) ndi anyani zazing'ono. Kusaka ma pythons akuluakulu okalamba kumangokhala kwa ming'alu ndi zilombo zina zazikulu. Mapira ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu choukiridwa m'mphepete mwa dziwe momwe mungayang'anire kukuwombani kuchokera ku ng’ona. Chodzitchinjiriza chokha kuchokera kwa olusa, kuwonjezera pa kukula, ndikulumikizana kwamphamvu ndi njoka, komwe kumatha kufinya moyo kuchokera kwa mdani mu mphindi 3-4.
Munthu ndiye mdani wamkulu wa mesh python. Nyama zamtunduwu zimaphedwa ndipo zimapakidwa khungu kuti zipange zinthu zachikopa. Akuti pafupifupi theka la nyama zimaphedwa pachaka chifukwa chaichi. Ku Indonesia, ma pythons ojambulidwanso ntchito amawadyanso. Kusaka nyama kumakhala koyenera chifukwa nzika zimafuna kuteteza ng'ombe ndi ana awo ku njoka.
Njoka zam'madzi ndi imodzi mwa njoka zochepa zomwe zimadyera anthu. Izi sizowopsa konse, koma mtunduwu udabweretsa zowawa zingapo, kuthengo komanso ku ukapolo.
Zimadziwika pazochitika zingapo:
- mu 1932, mwana wachinyamata ku Philippines adadyedwa ndi chithoni choyezera 7.6 Mtsitsi unathawa kunyumba, ndipo atapezeka, adapeza mkati mwa mwana wa mwini wa njokayo.
- mu 1995, phula lalikulu la ukonde linapha mwana wa zaka 29, dzina lake Ee Hyun Chuan, wa kumwera kwa Johor. Njokayo idadzitchinga ndi thupi lopanda moyo ndipo mutu wake udang'ambika nsagwada pomwe m'bale wa womenyedwayo amapunthwa pa iyo.
- mu 2009, mwana wazaka 3 wochokera ku Las Vegas adakulungidwa mkati ndi chimpweya chachitali cha 5.5 m. Amayi adapulumutsa mwanayo pomenya khosi ndi mpeni.
- mchaka cha 2017, thupi la mlimi wazaka 25 wochokera ku Indonesia lidapezeka mkati mwa khonde la mita 7. Njokayo idaphedwa ndipo thupi lidachotsedwa. Imeneyi inali njira yoyamba kutsimikiziridwa mokwanira pamene chithonje chamadya pa anthu. Njira zochotsera thupi zalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi makanema,
- mu Juni 2018, waku Indonesia wazaka 54 adadyedwa ndi phula la 7 mita. Adasowa akugwira ntchito m'munda wake, ndipo tsiku lotsatira gulu lofufuzira lidapeza chithacho pafupi ndi dimba chokhala ndi chotupa paliponse. Kanemayo wokhala ndi njoka yamatumbo adayiyika pamaneti.
Mitundu ya ma pythons
Asayansi ali ndi mitundu 9 ya genera ndi mitundu 41 ya ma pythons. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi nthumwi zamtundu uliwonse zamtunduwu zimatha kupezeka m'mabuku apadera, koma apa tikupereka kuti tidziwe mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya ma pythons:
- thonje lachifumu - imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, kumbali, pamaso wakuda pali mawanga amtundu wagolide kapena t-su. Sikufika pamilingo yayikulu kwambiri, koma mtundu wake ndiwosangalatsa, chifukwa chake amakonda ma pythons otere m'malo ochitira kunyumba,
Mu chithunzi, chimpando chachifumu
- ukonde - Chiweto china. Eni ake saopa konse kuti ziweto zawo zimatha kukula mpaka kukula kwakukulu, mpaka 8 metres. Komanso, mtunduwu ndi wokhawo kumene njoka imatha kudya munthu,
Mu chithunzi, ma mesh python
- Chitseko cha hieroglyphic chilinso ndi kukula kwamitundu yayitali. Ndiwambiri kwambiri kuti nthawi zambiri samasungidwa m'nyumba, komabe malo osungira nyama. Mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri chinyezi,
Njoka hieroglyphic python
- python owoneka - amakula mpaka masentimita 130. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Australia.
Python owoneka
- Nyalugwe wam'mimba - ndi mtundu wa njoka zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Chithunzi chojambulira
- kukumba kwa python - malinga ndi asayansi, python siiganiziridwa kuti inali, idawerengedwa kuti ndi const constoror.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Snake reticulated Python
Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ndi zotumphukira zachilengedwe ndi kosiyana kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pali njoka zambiri ku Thailand, komwe zimakwela munyumba za anthu nthawi yamvula. Ku Philippines, izi ndizofala, ngakhale m'malo okhala. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ku Philippines kumawoneka kokhazikika komanso ngakhale kukulira. Misewu yokhala ndi mitengo yachilengedwe imakhala yosowa ku Myanmar. Ku Cambodia, anthu nawonso anachepa ndi kuchepa ndi 30-50% pazaka khumi. Oimira amtunduwu ndi osowa kwambiri ku Vietnam kuthengo, koma anthu ambiri adapezeka kumwera kwa dzikolo.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Ma mesh python sakhala pachiwopsezo, komabe, malinga ndi CITES Appendix II, kugulitsa ndi kugulitsa khungu lake kumayendetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipulumuka. Mtunduwu sunalembedwe mu Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN.
Amakhulupirira kuti python imakhala yofala kum'mwera kwa dziko lino, komwe kuli malo abwino, kuphatikizapo malo otetezedwa. Mwinanso kutsika ku Laos. Kuchepetsa kudutsa Indochina kudachitika chifukwa cha kutembenuka pamtunda. Phemicon yodziwika bwino ikadalipobe mitundu yambiri ku Kalimantan. Zophatikiza ku Malaysia ndi Indonesia ndizokhazikika, ngakhale pali nsomba zambiri.
Mesh python idakali yodziwika ku Singapore, ngakhale ikukhala m'mizinda, komwe kuwedza kwamtunduwu ndikoletsedwa. Ku Sarawak ndi Sabah, mtunduwu ndiofala m'malo onse okhala komanso zachilengedwe, ndipo palibe umboni wotsimikiza kuchuluka. Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chodula ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe amakhalapo amatha kulipidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa minda yamafuta ya kanjedza, chifukwa njoka ya njoka imasowa m'malo awa.
Mtengo wamunthu
Nyama ya ma pythons imatha kudyedwa ndipo m'maiko ena amadyedwa ndi anthu wamba. Mitundu yambiri yachikopa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumsika wa haberdashery kuti apange zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Milandu yokhudzana ndi chizunzo cha python pa anthu imadziwika.
Pithoni nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu ukapolo: osati kumalo osungirako nyama zokha, komanso kunyumba ndi okonda nyama zanyama. Mitundu ina ya njoka izi ndi nyama zotchuka kwambiri za trearium ndipo zimaswana bwino. Amakhala mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 20-25, nthawi zina zochulukirapo.
Khalidwe la Python ndi moyo
Nthawi zambiri, ngati mukuwoneka chithunzithunzi kuwonetsedwa pamenepo, kukulungidwa kukhala mpira. Izi, monga momwe zimakhalira, zimalepheretsa kuzizira kwa thupi ndikukulitsa mwayi wamanjoka kuti umve ndikuzindikira nyama.
Njoka, ngakhale zazikulu kwambiri, ndizosambira zazikulu, ndipo zimakonda madzi. Koma apa pali ma python akuluakulu kwambiri - brindle, hieroglyphic, reticate, amakonda kukhala pansi kwambiri.
Apa amafufuza ndikugwira nyama, apa amapuma, nthawi zina amakwera mitengo, koma osati yayitali kwambiri. Ndipo palinso mitundu ina yomwe imatsika padziko lapansi, ndipo imakhala moyo wawo wonse pamitengo (green python). Amakhala omasuka panthambi iliyonse, mothandizidwa ndi mchira, amayenda mpaka pansi, ndikupumula, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira wawo pa nthambi.
Ngati chimbudzi ndi chachikulu, ndiye kuti si ambiri angayesererepo, ali ndi adani ochepa. Koma njoka zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala ndi "anzeru zoyipa" zingapo. Ng'ona, abuluzi, ndipo ngakhale mbalame (mbalame za mbalame ndi chiwombankhanga) sizosiyana ndi kulawa nyama ya njoka. Amphaka onse ndi zolengedwa zina zomwe zimadyera sizikukana nyama yotereyi.
Kuswana ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa ma pythons
Mapira amabala ana kamodzi pachaka, zimachitika kuti zinthu sizili bwino, kenako kubereka kumachitika kawirikawiri. Yaikazi, yokonzekera kukhwima, imayamba kutsatira amuna, ndi fungo lawo, yamphongo imayipeza.
Chibwenzi chimakhala mu mkangano wamphongo wamwamuna pa mkazi ndi anal spurs. Pambuyo poti "chikondi" chatha, mwamunayo amataya chidwi chonse chachikazi ndi ana ake amtsogolo.
Chithunzi chithunzi masonry
Yaikazi, pakatha miyezi 3-4, imayamba kugona. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimatha kuyambira pa 8 mpaka 110. Pofuna kusungitsa kutentha komwe kumafunikira mu zomangamanga, njokayo imayikidwa pa iwo, imathothoka ndipo simusiya zonena zilizonse.
Sasiya omanga ngakhale kudya, miyezi yonse iwiri njokayo ili ndi njala kwathunthu. Imayendetsa kutentha - ngati kukutentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti mphetezo zimasunthira mbali, ndikupatsa mazira mwayi wofunda, ngati kutentha kumatsika, njokayo imayamba kuyikweza ndi thupi lake, imanjenjemera, thupi limatentha, ndipo kutentha kumatumizidwa kwa makanda amtsogolo.
Ma pythons ang'onoang'ono pakubadwa ndi kutalika kwa 40-50 cm, koma safunikiranso thandizo la amayi, amakhala odziyimira pawokha. Ndipo komabe, achikulire kwathunthu, ndiko kuti, okhwima mwakugonana, adzakhala ndi zaka 4-6 zokha.
Nthawi yodabwitsa yazodabwitsayi njoka kuyambira zaka 18 mpaka 25. Pali umboni wa ma pythons omwe adakhala zaka 31. Komabe, izi zimangogwiritsa ntchito zofanizira zokha zomwe zinali mu malo osungira nyama kapena malo ogulitsa ana. Kuthengo, nthawi ya njoka izi sinakhazikitsidwe.