Kudutsa nsomba, kumakhala munyanja kapena nyanja yayikulu, ndipo pakuwonongeka kumalowa m'mitsinje.

Mitunduyi imakonda kumpoto kwa Atlantic komanso kumadzulo kwa Arctic Ocean, pomwe imalowa m'mitsinje ya ku Europe ndi America. Ku Russia, imalowa m'mitsinje ya Baltic, Barents ndi White Seas, kum'mawa kwa Mtsinje wa Kara, imapanga mawonekedwe amadzi oyera mumadziwe akuluakulu. Ku Russia, kuli nsomba za mchere ku Lake Imandra, dongosolo la kuyto nyanja (Upper, Middle and Lower), Nyukozero, munyanja Kamennoye, Vygozero, Segozero, Sandal, Yanisyarvi, Onega ndi Ladoga.

Pakamwa pake pali phee, yayikulupo, fupa lokhathamira limafika mbali yakutsogolo ya diso kapena limapitirira pang'ono. Maluso a caudal mu ana amadulidwa mwamphamvu, mwa akulu - ofooka. Akuluakulu, thupi limakhala pansipa la mzere wopanda mawanga kapena nthawi zina limakutidwa ndi malo owoneka bwino a x. Utoto wam'madzi munyanja ndi wobiriwira kapena wabuluu, mbali zake ndizopindika, m'mimba mwayera. Mukutuluka kwa anthu, mtunduwo umakhala wakuda ndi tint bronze, nthawi zina wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira, zipsepse zake zimakhala zakuda. Salmon imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 150 ndi kulemera kwa 40 kg.

Ana anyaniwa amadya mitsinje yokhala ndi mphutsi zam'madzi komanso tizilombo tambiri, mnyanja - makamaka hering'i, gerbil ndi crustaceans. Kudyetsa kumachitika ku North Atlantic, Nyanja ya Norwe, ndi West Greenland. Apa ndipomwe kusakaniza nsomba m'masukulu osiyanasiyana kumachitika.

Njira yochokera kunyanja kupita kumtsinje imayamba mu nthawi ya masika, nthawi yomweyo madzi oundana atayamba kusuntha, ndikupitilira nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yophukira, mpaka mitsinje ikazizira. Nsomba zolowera nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana akukhwima kwa mitundu yobereka (nyengo yozizira ndi yamasika). M'mitsinje, nsomba zazikulu sizimadya konse. Kutulutsa kumachitika m'dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu pamadzi kutentha kwa 10 mpaka 0 ° C pakuya kwa 1 m, m'malo okhala ndi magetsi apang'onopang'ono. Wamkazi amakumba mabowo pansi pa mtsinje m'malo angapo, zisa momwe amaikira mazira, atatha umuna, kuzika zisa ndi mchenga kapena miyala. Pambuyo pofalikira, ambiri opanga amafa, koma ena amatsikira munyanja ndikuwberekanso mu nyengo yotsatira kapena chaka chotsatira.

Kukula kumatenga milungu 13 mpaka 19, mpaka Epulo - Meyi. Achinyamata amakhala mumtsinje nthawi zambiri kuyambira chaka mpaka zaka zisanu. Stingray munyanja imachitika mchaka pambuyo poti madzi oundana ayenda. Mu mtsinje, nsomba zimamera pang'onopang'ono, mumamwa zipatso - mwachangu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amafika kutha msinkhu wazaka 5. Nsomba zimabwereranso kumitsinje yamalo omwe zidabadwira.

Kufalitsa

Fomu yodutsa imakhala kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic. Imalowera mitsinje kuchokera ku Portugal ndi Spain kupita ku Nyanja ya Barents.

Mtundu wa nsomba ku Russia umakhala munyanja za Kola Peninsula ndi Karelia: Imandra, dongosolo lamadzi Kuito (Upper, Middle and Lower), Nyuk, Kamenny, Vygozero, Segozero, Sandal, Yanisyarvi, Onega ndi Ladoga, ku Europe - ku Norway, Sweden, Finland.

Salmon amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ndizofala kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean komanso kumadzulo kwa Arctic Ocean. M'mphepete mwa Europe kumwera kumafika ku Portugal, kumpoto chakum'mawa - mtsinje wa Kara. Ku Russia, imalowa m'mitsinje ya Murmansk gombe ndi Nyanja Yoyera, Pechora, ndi mitsinje ya Nyanja ya Baltic. Monga lamulo, limadyetsedwa mnyanja, komwe gwero lalikulu la chakudya limaphunzitsira nsomba - zikwangwani, hering'i, hering'i, ndodo zam'mapapo atatu, kusungunuka ndi gerbil.

Kutulutsa kumachitika m'mitsinje. Nsomba zamtunduwu zomwe zimalowa mumtsinje kuchokera kumalo odyetsa sizidyetsa. Malo osambira a Salmon amapezeka kumtunda ndi pakati pa mtsinje mu rapids, nthawi zambiri pamipinga yoyandikana ndi gombe. Malingana ndi chikhalidwe chomwe amadya komanso kayendetsedwe ka madzi, malo owundana amagawika m'magulu awiri: malo omwe amatulutsa ndi chakudya chofunikira, kutentha kwa madzi m'nyengo yozizira (1-3 ° C), kuphimba kwa ayezi kwakanthawi kochepa komanso malo osasunthika, kutentha kwa madzi ozizira kwa pafupifupi 0 ° C ndi kuphimba kwa ayezi. Pazowuluka za mtundu woyamba, ana aang'ono ochokera ku ma tubercles omwe amatuluka amatuluka kale, koma ana amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa malo omwe amabzala mtundu wachiwiri. Malo otetezeka mwamphamvu kwambiri achilengedwe a Atlantic ali m'mitsinje Shuya, Umba, Kemi.

Ndi chinthu chochita kupanga.

Dongosolo la Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russia Atlantic Salmon - Masalamu (Fomu lamadzi oyera) adakonzekereratu kuti ikaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazinthu zoyipa zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation (kuyambira pa Seputembara 1, 2016).

Mtundu wosinthika wamafuta ku Atlantic (nsomba ya nsomba ya AquAdentialage) idavomerezedwa ndi FDA mu Novembala 2015 kuti igulitsidwe ku United States.

Kufotokozera kwa Salmon ya Atlantic

Nsomba yaku Atlantic imakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lokakamizika pambuyo pake. Tizilombo toyamwa timakhala tambiri, tosungika mwa achikulire, ndipo ndizofala kwa ana.

Anthu okhwima pakugonana amalemera oposa 5 kg Pali anthu mpaka 30 makilogalamu, mwapadera, zoyerekeza mpaka 40-45 kg zimapezeka ndi thupi la nsomba kutalika mpaka 150 cm.

Kumbuyo kwa nsomba za ku Atlantic kumakhala mtundu waimvi, mmbali ndi opindika, nthawi zina wokhala ndi madontho akuda, pamimba ndi loyera siliva. Zipsepse ndimtundu wakuda. Komabe, mtundu wa nsomba zazing'ono komanso zokhwima ndizosiyana.

Nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala zakuda ndi zowala bwino. Mimba ya nsomba zachikulire ndi zoyera, msana wawo ndi wonyezimira kapena wamtambo, ndipo mbali zake ndizoterera.

Akazi akamatulutsa amapeza ubweya wamkuwa, pomwe amawoneka mawanga ofiira.

Makhalidwe a nsomba

Nsomba yaku Atlantic ndi nyama yolusa. Amakhala ndi ma sprats ang'onoang'ono, hering'i, hering'i, kusungunula, gerbil ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba, komanso ma invertebrates ang'ono (shrimp, nkhanu, krill, echinoderms).

Salmon sakhala nthawi yayitali - zaka 13-16. Zaka zitatu zoyambirira za moyo, nsomba za ku Atlantic zimakhala m'mitsinje, kenako imalowera kunyanja ndikubwerera kwawo kokha kuti ikangofalikira.

Momwe mungasankhire ndikusunga nsomba

Muyenera nthawi zonse kutenga gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mtembowo. Mchira ulibe mafuta ochepa, kotero kukoma kwake kumachepera pang'ono.

Salimoni yatsopano imanunkhiza pafupifupi kalikonse, imakhala ndi utoto wamtambo wa lalanje, ndipo siwosewerera. Ngati nsombayo ili ndi utoto wofiira wowala, imayatsidwa ndi utoto. Otsatsa osadzinyenga amachita izi kuti abisale imvi ya nsomba zachikale. Chizindikiro china chogwiritsa ntchito utoto ndikuchoka kwa nsomba zamalanje ofiira pazakudya.

Salmoni wabwino kwambiri samazizira. Nyama yake ndi yotanuka, imadula mu magawo owonda ndipo samatulutsa madzi. Pambuyo pakuzizira kwa 2, nsomba ya salimoni imataya bwino, nyama yake imakhala ngati-porridge ndipo sizingatheke kudula nsomba za masangweji.

Nsomba izi zimadyedwa mwatsopano mutatha kusanza pang'ono. Sichokayikitsa kuti zingakhale zotheka kuti zizisungidwa kwanthawi yayitali ngakhale m'malo opaka mchere, makamaka ngati chithunzi chachikulu chagwidwa, popeza nyama yayikulu ndiyovuta mchere ndipo nsomba imayamba kuwonongeka.

Zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa anthu omwe amagula mafuta osenda mumafuta. Sikuti ndizolakwika zokha ndi nsomba zatsopano pakoma, zimapindulanso kangapo. Ngakhale, kukoma ndi mtundu, momwe mukumvera.

Nsomba yaku Atlantic (nsomba) mukuphika

Kuti mukhale ndi michere yambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, musatenthe nsomba. Salmon imadyedwa bwino pang'ono mchere. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kudula nsomba kuti zigawike mpaka 1 masentimita wandiweyani ndikuwaza pang'ono ndi mchere wabwino, ndiye muzisiyira pamalo otentha kwa theka la ola. Mwanjira iyi, nsomba ndizosangalatsa komanso zopatsa thanzi.

Ngati vuto la kuchepa kwa mavitamini silikukuvutitsani, ndiye kuti nsomba zamchere zimatha kulandira chithandizo cha kutentha. Zophikira zakukonzekera kwake ndi mdima. Sindingavomereze kuyamwa kwa nsomba, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi sizingotaya gawo lofunikira pazopezekazo, komanso zouma, ndipo juiciness ndi mafuta okhutira ndi mikhalidwe yayikulu ya nsomba.

Khutu la salimoni ndizakudya zabwino. Komabe, zimakhala bwino ngati halibut kapena nsomba zoyera zilizonse zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri zimawonjezedwa.

Mutha kuphika nsomba malinga ndi maphikidwe osiyanasiyana. Ngati mukufuna kupanga kuti ikhale yofewa komanso yowutsa mudyo - kuphika mu zojambulazo, okonda kutumphuka wagolide amatha kuphika nsomba izi popanda zojambulazo. Masalimoni wamkulu.

Ku Russia, nsomba zimaphika mu makeke, zopangidwa ndi lebak ndi ma pie ena a nsomba.

Kodi nsomba za ku Atlantic kapena nsomba zimawoneka bwanji

Salmoni kapena nsomba ya Atlantic ndi imodzi mwaz nsomba zokongola kwambiri zochokera ku banja ndi banja la nsomba, komanso yokoma kwambiri komanso wathanzi. Thupi la nsomba zamtchire ndi lalikulu ndipo limakutidwa ndi sikelo zazing'ono zowala, kumbuyo kumakhala kwakuda ndi mtundu wamtambo kapena wobiriwira, m'mimba ndi siliva oyera. Mawanga amdima a mawonekedwe owumbika a X ali pamwamba pa mzere wansomba, ndipo mawanga sapezeka kapena opanda tanthauzo pansi pa mzere wotsatira. Mtundu ndi nsomba zimasiyana ndi utoto wa bulauni, womwe amakhalabe wofanana kwambiri.

Nsagwada za nsomba zimakhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono, mano a nsomba zachikulire ali ndi mphamvu, ndipo ana aang ono ali ndi mano osalimba, kumapeto kwa nsagwada yam'munsi, anyani akuluakulu a salmon amakhala ndi mbedza yomwe imalowetsa malo osaya nsagwada kumtunda. Zipsepse zake ndi zakuda, ma caudal fin ali ndi mphako ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi mafuta omaliza, ngati nsomba zonse za nsomba.

Salmoni ya Atlantic kapena nsomba imatha kukhala yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imatha kukula mpaka 150cm komanso kutalika mpaka 40 kg. M'malo abwino, nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi zaka 10 mpaka 13, koma nthawi zambiri msinkhu wake ndi zaka 5-6. Kukula ndi nsomba zodziwika bwino za salmon zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe amakhala komanso chakudya chochuluka. M'madzi amchere, nsomba zamchere zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri ndipo zimakula kukula kwakukulu ndikulemera makilogalamu 5-10, ndipo nsomba zomwe zimatsalira m'mitsinje ndi pakamwa pa mitsinje zimacheperachepera ndipo kulemera kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kilo 1-2, awa amatchedwanso nsomba zamtchire, otchedwa tinda ndi tsamba likugwa.

Salmon wachinyamata samakhala ngati nsomba yayikulu, ndipo ngakhale asadazindikiridwe ngati nsomba zodziyimira payokha. Maonekedwe, nsomba zamtunduwu, zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda mbali yakumbuyo, kumbuyo kumakhala kwakuda, kokutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni komanso ofiira. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa motley. Izi mwachangu ali ngati mtsinje kapena mitsinje.

Nsomba zazing'ono zimamera makamaka mu mitsinje yomweyo, ndipo idabadwa, zaka 1-5. Salmon yaying'ono imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo, kufikira kukula kwa 10-20 cm, amapita kunyanja. Pakadali pano, amasintha mtundu wawo wakunja, mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawanga osowa, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi mamba asiliva, monga nsomba zamtchire za ku Atlantic. Njira yosinthira iyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa smolifying, yomwe imachokera ku dzina lachiSungu smolt, njira yowonekera ngati gawo la siliva ku salimoni.

Komwe kumakhala nsomba ndi kukhala

Nsomba ya nsomba kapena nsomba yotchedwa salmon imadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosamukasamuka kuchokera ku banja la nsomba, koma nthawi yomweyo, gawo la nsomba iyi, yomwe imakulitsidwa m'mitsinje, sapita kunyanja, koma imakhala m'mitsinje iyi ndi mitsinje, makamaka yamphongo zazimuna. Amatenga nawo mbali paziwoneka zazikazi zomwe zimachokera kunyanja, zomwe zimayenda ndikukula munyanja ndi chakudya chochuluka. M'mitsinje, zazikazi zazimuna zamtchire, monga lamulo, sizimakhwima motero zimakhala munyanja kwa zaka 1-4, ndikupanga maulendo ataliatali kupita kugombe la Greenland. Wokonzedwa kuti utuluke, nsomba zazikazi zimabwereranso kumitsinje kukatulutsa.

Salimoni kapena nsomba zolemekezeka zimayenda kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean ndipo zimapezeka pagombe la Iceland ndi Norway, komanso kugombe la Kola Peninsula ku Nyanja za Barents, White, North ndi Baltic komanso mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda munyanjazi. Pakukula, nsomba zimalowa mitsinje m'malo ambiri, kuyambira ku Portugal kumwera mpaka ku White Sea ndi mtsinje wa Kara wa Urals kumpoto. M'mphepete mwa gombe la America, nsomba zimagawidwa kuchokera kumtsinje wa Connecticut kumwera, kupita pachilumba cha Greenland kumpoto.

Salmon anali ochulukirapo kwambiri m'mitsinje yonse ya ku Europe, komwe kunali malo oyenera ongoyambika. Koma kuchuluka kwa nsomba izi kunayamba kutsika kwambiri, chifukwa chogwira nsomba, kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwamadzi m'mitsinje ndi kuipitsidwa kwa matupi amadzi, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa, poizoni wa nsomba wasanduka vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi lothetsa nsomba. Pakadali pano, njira zodzitetezera ndi lamulo lodzigwira zayambitsidwa, komanso nkhondo yolimbana ndi nsomba zosaloledwa za nsomba. Chifukwa chake, kugwira nsomba kapena nsomba sikuvuta kwambiri komanso kungakhale kotsika mtengo. Kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa nsomba, m'maiko ambiri, kuwerengetsa zinthu zakale, kubwezeretsa malo omwe amatulutsa ndi malo okulirapo kumachitika.

Ku Russia, kuli mitundu ya nsomba yamadzi amchere omwe amapezeka munyanja za Kola Peninsula, ndi nsomba zopezeka mu dziwe la Kuito, kunyanja Nyukozero, Kamennoye, Vygozero, Segozero, Sandal, Yanisyarvi, Onega ndi Ladoga. Ku Europe, nsomba zamchere zatsopano zimakhala m'madzi ambiri, mwachitsanzo, ku Norway m'mitsinje ya Otra ndi Namsen, Sweden ku Lake Venern, ndi ku Finland ku Lake Saimaa ndi nyanja zina zazikulu ku Scandinavia.

Kodi nsomba zimadyanji?

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba za ana, ngati nsomba zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi, zimadya mphutsi zam'madzi komanso tizilombo tambiri m'mitsinje, mitsinje ndi madzi abwino, nsomba zam'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito mosiyana, kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zisanu. Ndipo kutuluka kupita munjira zamkati ndi nyanja, nsomba zimadyera makamaka nsomba zazing'ono, zotumphukira ndi hering'i zochokera ku banja lankhosa, gerbil, smelt ndi crustaceans, komanso ndodo yamiyendo itatu. Zakudya za nsomba zimatengera malo ake.

Salmon kapena nsomba kutulutsa

Kutchetchera kwa nsomba kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuyerekeza ndikusintha kwa nsomba zina. Salmoni kapena nsomba yotseka imalowera mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda munyanja kapena m'mitsinje momwe imakhalamo. Kulowa m'mitsinje pongofalikira, nsomba zimatha kudya ndi kuchepa kwambiri. Njira ya nsomba mumtsinje kuti utuluke ndi yovuta. Salmon yayikulu kwambiri yophukira ilowa m'mitsinje ku Kola Peninsula, yomwe imayenda ku Nyanja Zoyera ndi Barents, yophukira kuyambira Ogasiti komanso chisanayambe kuzizira. Koma sanakonzekere kutaya, zopangira zake sizinapangidwe bwino.

Ndi nyengo yachisanu ikayamba, njira ya salimoni imasunthidwa komanso gawo la salon yozizira, yomwe inalibe nthawi yolowa m'mitsinje, imakhazikika pafupi ndi mitsinje ndikulowa mumtsinje nthawi yomweyo ndikuyamba kwamasamba pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa madzi oundana. Salmon yotereyi imatchedwa zaleedka. Mu mtsinje, nsomba za m'dzinja, pafupifupi osadyetsa, zimatha chaka, ndipo kugweranso kotsatira kumabwera. Ichthyologists amatcha izi nsomba zosalala, mwakufanizira ndi mbewu zamphesa.

Kutsatira kuwombera mu Juni, nsomba zosemedwa m'mitsinje, awa ndi akazi akuluakulu a nsomba zamalimwe akulowa mumtsinje ndi zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi kugonana. Grouse ndi madzi ochepa amafika pobowoka ndipo amayikira mazira chaka chomwecho kumapeto. Salmon yotereyi imafotokozedwa ngati mawonekedwe a kasupe.

Pamodzi ndi madzi ochepa, abambo achichepere a nsomba, ochepa ma 45-55 masentimita ndi 1-2 makilogalamu, kulemera munyanja mchaka chimodzi, kulowa m'mitsinje, amatchedwa tinda. Amuna ambiri a nsomba, pafupifupi 50%, samapita kunyanja konse, amapsa mumtsinje ndipo amakhala ndi mkaka wokhwima ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kawo, kutalika kwa 10 cm basi. Chifukwa chake, akazi ambiri amapezeka pakati pa nsomba za m'dzinja, ayisikilimu, odula ndi mitundu yamadzi ochepa. M'mitsinje ina, pamodzi ndi nsomba za m'dzinja, nsomba zimaphatikizidwa - tsamba lomwe limagwa limafanana ndi tinda, koma pakati pawo pali zazikazi. Salmon, atakhala munyanja kwa chaka chimodzi chokha, amabwerera kumtsinjewo kuti utuluke kale m'dzinja limodzi ndikutuluka.

Mukangoyamba kutulutsa, mtundu wamba wa nsomba za ku Atlantic umasinthidwa ndi chovala chakukhwima, thupi limachita khungu, mawanga ofiira ndi a lalanje amawoneka m'mbali za thupi ndi pamutu. Amuna, nsagwada ndi zazitali komanso zowongoka. Kutchetchera kwa nsomba ya Salmon kumafanana ndi kutuluka kwa trout, koma imawoneka yayikulu kwambiri. Yaikazi imakumba poyambira potalika, yautali wa mita 2-3, mumchenga ndi dothi la miyala ndipo imayikiramo. Wamphongo amasambira kwa iye nthawi yamadzulo kapena m'mamawa ndikuima.

Msomba wamkazi akangotulutsa caviar yaying'ono, yamphongo imathamangira patsogolo pang'ono, ndikakanikiza mkaziyo ndi mbali yake, ndikutulutsa mkaka pa caviar. Kenako amayimilira kutsogolo kwa mkaziyo ndikumasiyitsa mkaka kumayi, womwe umatuluka m'madzi.Kupitilira pamenepo, nsomba zazikazi zimakhazikika mchira wake, zimataya mazira ndi mchenga ndi miyala.

Salon wokazungulira amapita kumusi, atakomoka chifukwa chomenyedwa kwanthaŵi yayitali, ali ndi zipsepse zam'maso ndipo amavulala ena akumwalira, makamaka amuna. Kufika kunyanja, nsomba zimapezanso mtundu wa siliva, kuyamba kupezanso mphamvu komanso kudyetsa. Komanso, atangomera, kufa kwa nsomba zaulemu sikofunikira, monga nsomba zina ndi miyala ya mchere. Nthawi zina, nsomba za Atlantic zimapezeka kachiwiri kapena kachitatu.

M'malo omwe nsomba zimamera nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwa madzi sikupitirira 6 ℃. Chifukwa chake, caviar amakula nthawi yayitali ndipo mu Meyi ana a saalmon amapsa kuchokera mazira. Pakadutsa nsomba ku mazira, amakhala ndi gawo la yolk lomwe limakhala ndi chakudya masiku oyamba amoyo. Ana a nsomba nthawi yayitali amakhala m'madzi amtsinje womwewo.