Nyani zobiriwira ndi mbali ya banja la nyani ndipo amapanga mitundu ina yomwe imakhala ku West Africa kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Ghana. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, maulamuliro akalewo amabweretsedwa nthawi zonse kuzilumba za West Indies. Zombo zaogulitsa akapolo zidabweretsa akuda kumeneko, ndipo nthawi yomweyo nawonso adagwira anyani. Anakhala m'malo otentha aulere, ndipo zisumbu za Caribbean zidakhala kwawo kwachiwiri.
Mawonekedwe
Kumanga kungatchedwa kaso. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Matumba a cheek amapangidwa mwaluso. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze chakudya chochuluka mwa iwo. Mbawala zam'mbuyo ndi zopingasa ndizitali. Zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala ndi mawanga akuthwa komanso azitali. Mchirawo ndi wautali, ndipo nsonga yake imagwada. Makutu ndi ang'ono komanso owongoka.
Ubweya wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wofewa. Pamtondo wakuthupi, imakhala ndi mtundu wa siliva, imvi kapena maolivi. M'mimba ndi chikaso chopepuka kapena chakuda. Chizindikiro chake ndi chakuda komanso chowoneka ndi ubweya wopepuka. Mutu wavala korona ndi "chipewa" chakuda. Ana ake ali ndi chizungu cha pinki komanso tsitsi lakuda. Pofika zaka 4, achinyamata amapeza mtundu wachikulire. Amuna amalemera kuyambira 3,8 mpaka 8 kg. Kulemera kwa akazi ndi 3.4-5.2 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi mwa amuna ndi masentimita 42-60. Kutalika kwa thupi mwa akazi kumasiyana 30 mpaka 50 cm.
Kubalana komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo
Mtundu uwu umatanthauza mitala. Amuna okwatirana amodzi ndi akazi angapo. Nthawi yakukhwima imakhala nyengo yake ndipo zimatengera malo okhala. Ku Caribbean, kumachitika mu Epulo-Julayi, ku Africa mu Okutobala-Disembala. Mimba imatenga masiku 168. Mwana wakhanda amabadwa. Imakutidwa ndi tsitsi komanso maso otseguka. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga chaka ndi theka. Kufa mpaka chaka chimodzi kuli kokulirapo ndipo pafupifupi 60%. Kutha msambo mwa akazi kumachitika zaka 4 zakubadwa. Amuna amakhala okhwima akafika zaka 5. Kuthengo, nyani wobiriwira amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhalabe mpaka zaka 40 ngakhale zaka 45.
Kodi nyani wobiriwira amakhala kuti?
Nyani zamtunduwu zimagawidwa kumadzulo kwa Africa. Koma zimapezeka zonse kuzilumba za West Indies, pomwe oyendetsa sitima adawabweretsa nthawi imodzi, komanso kuzilumba za Caribbean.
Dera la anyaniwa limangokhala kudera lokhala ndi madzi. Chofunikira kwambiri pakukhala kwawo ndi kukhalapo kwa mitengo yomwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kodi anyani amawoneka bwanji?
Dziwani kuti nyani wobiriwira ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Komanso, amakhala ndi mchira wautali ndi miyendo yokhotakhota kumapeto ndi miyendo yakutali. Ndipo matumba a masaya amafanana ndi matumba a hamster m'mapangidwe ake, omwe amalola anyani ochenjera kunyamula chakudya chochuluka pamtunda wautali.
Ana anyani obiriwira omwe amakhala m'nyumba ya anthu
Amakutidwa ndi chovala chowoneka bwino komanso chofewa, chomwe thupi lonse limakhala ndi utoto wosiyana. Chifukwa chake mbali yakumwambayi yajambulidwa utoto wa azitona, mutu wake womwe uli ndi "kapu" owoneka bwino, m'mimba ndi siliva wokhala ndi buluu wopindika, buluzi ndi wakuda, ndipo ndevu, masaya ndi nsidze zimapaka zoyera.
Makutu a nyani ndi ochepa komanso amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi, koma mano ake ndi aatali komanso owopsa.
Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyana kutalika kwa 50 mpaka 70 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchirawo kukufika masentimita 50. Nyani yobiriwira wamkulu imatha kulemera pafupifupi 8 kg.
Mverani mawu a mbewa yobiriwira
Ngati chilengedwe cha anyani chikuyamba kuperewera, ndiye kuti chitha kuwononga malo olimapo komanso malo a anthu, ndikuthawa, chimagwira nyama yomwe ili patsogolo pake.
Koma anyaniwa nawonso ali ndi adani ambiri ndipo amatha kukhala olandila kwa amphaka, oimira canine, mphungu zazikulu ndi njoka.
Moyo wamtundu wobiriwira
Anyani amtunduwu amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali pamitengo. Akuyenda m'malo otseguka, amalumpha pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndipo akapezeka kuti ali m'matumba atali kwambiri ndiye kuti muwoneke bwino. Ponena za kuyendayenda pamitengo, apa amagwiritsa ntchito mawondo onse anayi ndi mchira, womwe umakhala ngati gudumu. Kuphatikiza apo, anyani obiriwira ndi osambira abwino kwambiri.
Nyani wobiriwirayu amatchedwa mchenga wabwino kwambiri waubweya
Nthawi yawo yambiri yaulere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonzekera - kuchotsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majeremusi, kuipitsidwa ndi ubweya wawo komanso tsitsi la anthu amtundu wina.
Monga anyani onse, anyani amakhala okhudzika kwambiri ndipo amafotokozera zakukhosi kwawo mothandizidwa ndi nkhope ndi manja awo, potidziwitsa anthu amtundu wawo za momwe alili. Komabe, amatha kupanga phokoso m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zimatha kukhala kukuwa, kukuwa, kukwapula, kupukusa komanso mosemphanitsa, kupindika, kutsuka kapena kukukuta mano.
Nyani amangokhala m'magulu a anthu 5 mpaka 50. Dera lililonse lotero limakhala ndi madongosolo angapo - amuna amuna, akazi ndi akazi omwe ali ndi ana. Pofuna kupewa zoopsa, abambo omwe afika paunyamata amatha kuchoka m'gululi ndi kukatenga udindo wa mtsogoleri m'mudzi wina.
Kuswana kwa nyani
Akazi amphongo amakula msinkhu wofika zaka 4, ndipo amabereka ana oyamba kubadwa, nthawi zambiri mwa 5. Amuna amachedwa kukula, koma kenako amakhala ndi mitala.
Nyani wobiriwira ku Zoo ya Novosibirsk
Nyengo yoswana imayamba mu nthawi ya masika ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndipo nyani wobiriwira yekha wa West Indies amabereka chaka chonse.
Mimba imodzimodzi imatenga masiku pafupifupi 170, chifukwa chomwe mwana wabadwa m'modzi yekha, yemwe adaphimbidwa kale ndi tsitsi, ali ndi maso otseguka ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 300.
Nyani amamwetsedwa mkaka kwa ana awo kwa chaka chimodzi, chomwe, komabe, sichiletsa ana kudya zakudya za akulu kuyambira miyezi 4.
Tsoka ilo, chiŵerengero chaimfa pakati pa ana nchochuluka kwambiri - 57%. Ndipo chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kusaka nyama zodya nyama zodya ziwopsezo.
Ngakhale izi, palibe chowopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa mbewa zobiriwira, chifukwa zimatha kuzolowera pafupifupi malo okhala.
Nyani yobiriwira siyomwe imayimira anyani akuluakulu. Mukufuna kudziwa nyani wamkulu kwambiri ndi uti? Kenako bwerani kuno kuti mudzawerenge za nkhaniyi!
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Hare
Anyani obiriwira amakhala m'gulu la nyani ndipo amapanga mitundu ina, yomwe imakonda kumadzulo kwa Africa kuyambira Senegal kupita ku Ghana. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, nthawi zambiri amabweretsedwa ku zilumba za West Indies. Anthu achiafirika ku Africa adanyamulidwa pa zombo za akapolo, ndipo anyani nawonso adatengedwa. Nawonso, adazolowera nyengo yotentha, ndipo zilumba za ku Caribbean zidakhalanso zawo.
Kutanthauzira kwa Monkey Green
Kupanga anyani obiriwira ndi kaso. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwawo ndi 3.8-8 kg. Akazi amalemera kuyambira 3,4 mpaka 5.2 kg. Kutalika kwa amphaka kumayambira masentimita 42 mpaka 60. Kwa akazi, chiwerengerochi ndi 30-50 cm.Matumba a mbewa zoterezi amapangidwa bwino, chifukwa chomwe amatha kutolera chakudya chochuluka mwa iwo. Mapazi kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Zachikazi ndi zazimuna zimapatsidwa timiyala titaliitali. Mchirawo ndi wautali, ndipo nsonga yake ili pansi. Makutu ndi ang'ono, ochepa.
Chovalacho ndi chodera komanso chofewa. Pamwamba pake pali siliva wonyezimira, maolivi kapena wobiriwira. Mimba ndi chikaso chopepuka kapena chakuda. Chizindikiro chake ndi chakuda ndi chokongoletsera cha ubweya wonyezimira. Pamutu pali "chipewa" chakuda. Nyani zobiriwira zazing'onozi zimadziwika ndi ubweya wakuda ndi muzzles zapinki. Amakhala ndi utoto wachikulire pofika zaka 4 zokha.
Makhalidwe Abwino a Monkey Green
Anyani obiriwira amadya zonse zadyedwa ndi nyama. Idyani zipatso, njere, udzu, masamba, mizu, masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo tambiri, mbalame, mazira, abuluzi, ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono amaphatikizidwa muzakudya zawo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatsutsa minda, kudya nkhaka, nthochi, yamatcheri, mtedza. Pazifukwa izi, nthawi zambiri anthu amawawona ngati tizirombo ndikuwawononga.
Nyani wobiriwira wafalikira
Mtunduwu umakhala kumadzulo kwa Africa kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Mtsinje wa Volta, udawonetsedwa ku Cape Verde ndi zilumba zingapo za West Indies, pomwe zidayamba kale bwino. Anyani obiriwira amakonda mapiri komanso nkhono m'miyala. Nthawi zambiri amakhazikika pafupi ndi malo amadzi. Ndipo usiku amabisala m'nthambi za mitengo kapena m'nkhalango zamtchire.
Khalidwe la mbewa zobiriwira
Nyani zobiriwira zimasiyana ndi anyani ambiri chifukwa ng'ombe zawo zimakhala ndi amuna akuluakulu angapo omwe nthawi zonse akumalimbana pakati pawo kuti apatsidwe mphamvu. Atsogoleri m'magulu oterewa amasintha nthawi zambiri. Izi zimachitika ngati m'modzi wa abambo achoka m'gululo, wina watsopano kapena wamwamuna wamphamvuyo wakula.
Nyani zobiriwira zimayala malo awo mothandizidwa ndi chinsinsi cha tinthu tating'ono ta musk, tomwe tili nkhope zawo. Posiya chizindikiro, amapaka nkhope zawo kunthambi ndi miyala. Zizindikirozi zikuwonetsa oyimira ena akuwona dera lamalire a gulu lirilonse. Kukula kwa gulu la anyani obiriwira kumatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya pamenepo.
Nthawi zambiri ng'ombezi zimakhala ndi anthu 80, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (nyani 2-11), wokhala ndi ana amuna amphongo, amuna, akazi ndi ana awo. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala limodzi, amuna amatha kukhala ndi moyo wobalalika. Koma utsogoleri wa gululi nthawi zonse umawonedwa. Anthu otchuka kwambiri amalandila zakudya zabwino. Mtsogoleri wamwamuna ndiye mtsogoleri ndi mlonda. Chiwembuchi chimatetezedwa kwa akazi ndi amuna komanso akazi.
Anyani obiriwira amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chakudya chimapezeka padziko lapansi, komanso pamitengo. Yendani pamiyendo inayi, mukudziwa kusambira. Chifukwa cha miyendo italiitali, amatha kukhala othamanga kwambiri akathamanga. Amagona mu korona zamitengo. Mumtundu wamitunduyi, mawonekedwe a nkhope amapangidwa bwino.
Kubalana nyani nyani
Nyani zobiriwira ndi nyama zamtala. Amuna okwatirana amodzi ndi akazi angapo. Nthawi yoswana imakhala munthawi yake kutengera chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ku Caribbean kumachitika mu Epulo-Julayi, ndi ku Africa - mu Okutobala-Disembala. Kutalika kwa pakati ndi masiku 168, kenako mwana m'modzi wabadwa, wokutidwa ndi ubweya komanso maso otseguka. Pafupifupi chaka ndi theka, mkazi amamudyetsa mkaka. Pakadali pano, chiwerengero chachikulu cha kufa kwa mitundu iyi ya anyani, chimafika pa 60%.
Mayiyo amayeretsa mwana wakhanda nthawi yomweyo, ndipo amam'matira. M'masabata oyamba amoyo, ndi wamkazi yemwe amasamalira mwana: kuyeretsa ubweya, kunyambita ndi kuthirira. Poyesa kuthawa khandalo, mayiyo amakoka mchira wake mosazindikira. Pafupifupi chaka chodabwitsa nyani wobiriwira amakhala pafupi naye - kufikira kubadwa kwatsopano.
Mwana akamasinthasintha pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kupita ku chakudya chachilengedwe, mayi amadya mkaka wocheperako, ndipo asanabadwe, mkaka wake umatha. Mwana akamakula ndikuyesayesa kutenga nipples, wamkazi amamuthamangitsa. Kwa ana omwe ali ndi miyezi ingapo, wamkazi amawalola kuti azigwira ndi kunyoza abale awo achikulire. Izi zimathandiza kuti omaliza akhale ndi luso lotha kuyang'anira ana lomwe adzakhala nalo mtsogolo.
Kutha msanga mumtunduwu kumayenda pang'onopang'ono. Akazi amatha kutha msambo ali ndi zaka 4, amuna amuna azaka 5. Mwambiri, kutalika kwa njirayi kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Akafika paunyamata, anyani aamuna amapita kumoyo wodziimira pawokha, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi amayi awo. Amuna amayamba kukhwima pokhapokha atapambana malo ena.
Mu chilengedwe, anyani obiriwira amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20. Nthawi zina ali mu ukapolo amakhala zaka 40 mpaka 45.
Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe
Anyani obiriwira nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi chiwombankhanga chosenda, chomwe chimakwera m'mwamba pang'ono pang'ono kukafuna wina. Zosamalidwa bwino zikagwera pansi, pomwe zimatha kugwidwa ndi njoka, mwachitsanzo, zokhala ndi mphete. Adani awo ena achilengedwe ndi nyalugwe ndi nthumwi zina zaanthu amphaka, zomwe zimatha kukwera mitengo. Ng'ona zikuyembekezera nyani pa dzenjelo. Nthawi zina anyani amtundu wa Herbivorous amagwira anyani obiriwira.
Koma kwakukulu, mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu sikungokhala ndi nkhawa, ndikokhazikika komanso kambiri.
Zosangalatsa zokhudza mbewa yobiriwira:
- Nyani zobiriwira nthawi zambiri zimawononga zokolola, minda ndi minda, chifukwa cha ichi alimi akumalo amazisaka ngati tizirombo.
- Mtundu wa anyaniwa uli ndi nthenda yoopsa yotchedwa virus ya Marburg, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Maridi), kapena "green nyani nyani".
- Pazibulu zobiriwira, asayansi amatengera njira komanso kuchiza kwa matenda a anthu monga Edzi, machitidwe, kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
- Zitsamba zamtundu wamtunduwu zam'mera zimatha kumamatira ku maipi a amayi kuti asadye - uwu ndi masewera apadera kwa iwo, omwe mkazi amawalola kufikira chaka chimodzi.
- Nyani zobiriwira zimathandizira kufalikira kwa mbewu: zikamadya zipatso zosiyanasiyana, sizimasokoneza njere zomwe zimadutsa m'mimba mwake ndikugaya pansi ndikuchokera komwe mitengo ya mayi imamera.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Nyaniwa amakhala m'malo okhala mvula yam'madera otentha, malo otetemera, ndipo malo otseguka kwathunthu amapewedwa. Yandikirani pafupi ndi malo osungira. Khalani m'magulu akulu a anthu 80. Gulu lirilonse limagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 5-12. Pamutu pa gulu lililonse lotere ndi wamwamuna yemwe amapikisana mtsogoleri ndi amuna ena. Izi primates ali ndi okhazikika ulamuliro hierarchical. Nyani zapamwamba zimapeza chakudya chabwino. Gulu lililonse lili ndi gawo lomwe limadyamo.
Moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kudyetsa kumachitika pansi komanso pamitengo. Primates amayenda pamiyendo 4. Amadziwa kusambira. Kugona kumadutsa nduwira za mitengo. Nkhope zopangidwa bwino. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi chakudya chamasamba komanso nyama. Zipatso, njere, udzu, masamba, mizu, masamba amadyedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, anyani amadya tizilombo tambiri, mbalame, mazira awo, abuluzi, makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Anyani obiriwira amakonda kupha nyama pafamu. Nthawi yomweyo idyani nkhaka, nthochi, yamatcheri, mtedza. Zonsezi zimayambitsa kukwiya mwa anthu ndikuwapangitsa kuti azitenga mfuti. Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi sikukukhuda akatswiri.
Mtengo
Mwachilengedwe, anyani nthawi zina amawononga zokolola za mbewu, minda yazipatso ndi minda, zomwe zimalimbikitsa alimi am'deralo kuzisaka.
Ndiwonyamula matenda oopsa - kachilombo ka Marburg, komwe kamayambitsa matenda a Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Maridi), omwe amadziwikanso kuti "Green Monkey matenda" (ICD-10 code A98.4).
Nyani zobiriwira ndi mtundu wofunikira pofufuza za Edzi, chikhalidwe, kagayidwe, komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Mtundu wa mbewa zobiriwira unakonzedwa ndikufikiridwa kudzera mu asakatuli a genomic NCBI Chlorocebus_sabeus 1.1 ndi Ensembl Vervet-AGM (Chlorocebus sabaeus).
Padziko lonse lapansi
Zithunzi zokongola kwambiri za nyama zachilengedwe komanso malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi. Mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a moyo komanso zodabwitsa zokhudza nyama zakuthengo komanso zoweta kuchokera kwa olemba athu - akatswiri azachilengedwe. Tikuthandizani kuti mudzame m'chilengedwe chosangalatsa ndikuwona mbali zonse za dziko lapansi zomwe sizinapatsidwe chiyambi!
Maziko Olimbikitsira Maphunziro a Chikumbumtima ndi Kuzindikira kwa Ana ndi Akuluakulu "ZOOGALACTICS ®" OGRN 1177700014986 TIN / KPP 9715306378/771501001
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