Wopepuka W wamba, Wakulowa m'nyumba
Yopepuka - mitundu ya synanthropic, yogwirizana kwambiri ndi malo omwe mumakhala nyama zoweta, makamaka ng'ombe. Amatenga causative othandizira a tularemia ndi anthrax. Ndiwopsereza magazi. Kubelekera ndizachilendo chimodzi, zonse. Kuzungulira kwathunthu - kuyambira masiku 6 mpaka 20. Masamba nthawi zosiyanasiyana (mphutsi, pupae, ntchentche wachikulire).
Dinani pa chithunzi kuti mukulitse
m'lifupi 1.2 - 1.3mm
Morphology
Imago. Ntchentche yokhala ndi thukuta lotuwa 5.5-7 mm kukula kwake. Mapiko opuma ndi ochulukirapo kuposa amtundu wina wa ntchentche. Zolocha ndimaso ndi zokutira zimakutidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira ngati wachikasu. Mzere wakutsogolo ndi wakuda, m'zigawo zosalimba. Tinyanga tating'ono. Ma tentpent ndi achidule (achiwiri ndi ocheperako kuposa phenoscis). Vutoli limakhala lakuda, lonyezimira, lokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono oyamwa. Mesoscutum imachita imvi, imakhala ndi zingwe zinayi zazitali. Mimba imakhala imvi, yokhala ndi mawalo ozungulira amdima pa tergites yachinayi ndi yachitatu. Miyendo yakuda, mapiko ake amakhala owonekera.
Kugonana kwamanyazi. Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amasiyana magawo a ziwalo zoberekera.
Amuna. Mphumi ndi yopapatiza, pafupifupi 2/3 of the eye of the eye.
Chachikazi. Mphepete yake ndi yotakata, pafupifupi yofanana ndi m'lifupi.
Dzira oblong, ma chorion a ma cell. Mtundu woyera. Mitundu yake ndiyochepa kwambiri.
Larva thupi loyera, kutalika, thupi pang'onopang'ono limafooka mpaka kumapeto. Kutalika kumapeto kwa chitukuko ndi 8-11.5 mm, m'lifupi mwake ndi 1.2-1,3 mm.
Amadutsa molt atatu - mibadwo itatu.
M'badwo wachitatu. Magawo achiwiri, achitatu komanso oyamba pamimba m'mbali mwa mbali yakunja amamangidwa. M'mphepete mwa gawo loyambirira la thoracic pali mphete yaing'ono. Zigawo zam'mimba kuchokera lachiwiri mpaka lachisanu ndi chiwiri kuchokera pansi zokhala ndi ma tubercles okhala ngati ma roll okhala ndi nthiti zowoneka bwino komanso zazikulu. Magawo am'mimba kuchokera lachitatu mpaka latsika lachisanu ndi chiwiri kumapeto kwa malembawo amakhala ndi ma tubercles 4-6, kumbuyo kwawo kuli timiyendo tating'ono tomwe timakhala tating'ono. Magawo achisanu ndi chitatu ndi achisanu ndi chiwiri ali ofanana kutalika. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu lomwe lili pachithunzichi pansi pazipinda zakumaso ndizolumikizira komanso lopindika. Pansi pake pamakoma pali miyala itatu yayitali.
Mbale ya anal imakhala yozunguliridwa, itazungulira mbali zonse ndi ma spikes, pambali yakumapeto kwa mbale yomwe ili m'mizere 1-2, kutsogolo kumizere ingapo.
Mizere yakutsogolo ndiying'ono, yazunguliziridwe patatu, yolumikizidwa kawiri ndi kawiri pakati pa mizu. Kupiringika kwakanthawi kotsalira kwapambuyo kumakhala kochepa, kokhazikika S.
Zokocha pakamwa zopanda kutalika. Hypostomal sclerites yopapatiza, malekezero amakokedwa kumbuyo.
Pupa (puparia) - Uku ndi kuwuma kwa mphutsi yachitatu-yomwe ndi buluzi weniweni wa ntchentche mkati. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda. Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ndi kofanana ndi mphutsi yachitatu-pokhapokha, yomwe imasunthika pang'ono. Pa malire a magawo oyamba ndi achiwiri kuli mizere yamapaini ya pupa.
Phenology ya chitukuko (m'masiku)
Kukula
Imago. Zoyala kwambiri zimalumikizana kwambiri ndi malo omwe ziweto zimakhala, makamaka ng'ombe. Imapezeka mzipinda zonse za nyama komanso kunja kwake. Mochulukitsa, ntchentche zamtunduwu zimapezeka pamakoma otchinga ndi dzuwa, pamabusa nthawi yotentha masana. Yopepuka ndi mtundu wamtundu wa thermophilic komanso Photophilous.
Zhigalki - magazi okhathamira, amuna ndi akazi omwe amayamwa magazi. Amenya ng'ombe, mahatchi ochepera komanso nkhumba. M'malo okhala amakhala kuti amaluma munthu.
Overwinter mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana (mphutsi, pupae, ntchentche). M'mikhalidwe yabwino, chitukuko chimachitika mosalekeza chaka chonse.
Kutentha kwa + 8-10 ° C ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchentche, nthawi zambiri ntchito zimayamba pa +15 ° C. Kuchuluka kwakukulu mumsewu wapakati kumawonedwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kugwa koyambirira, ku Central Asia - mu Julayi. Ntchentche zimadya magazi masiku awiri aliwonse.
Nthawi yakukalamba. Patatha masiku angapo atatuluka pachimbudzi, mbandakucha akuyamba kukhwima ndi kuyikira mazira. Kwa moyo wawo wonse, zazikazi zimapanga zidutswa za 5-7, chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi mazira pafupifupi 100.
Gawo lalikulu ndi manyowa ambiri omwe amaphatikizira mbewu. Zoyatsira zimayikira mazira m'nyumba ndi kunja. Manyowa abwino, popanda kuphatikiza udzu, mazira opepuka ndi osowa.
Dzira amakula masana.
Larva limakhala katatu ndipo limadutsa zaka zitatu. Amayamba m'malo oikira mazira pamtunda wosazizira + 30- 35 ° C. Kukula kumatenga pafupifupi masiku anayi. Kutentha kwa + 52 ° C, mphutsi zimafa.
Poll. Ziphuphu zimachitika mu gawo louma lokhala ndi chinyezi cha 2040%. Kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa pre-pupae kumawonedwa pa kutentha kwapakati pa + 20-25 ° C. Ziphuphu zimatha kuchitika m'nthaka pakuya kwakukulu (mpaka 60 cm). Anthalezi amatha kusuntha komanso kuwongoka .otentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri ndizovulaza tizilombo pano. Nthawi yabwino, amakula mkati mwa masiku 3-4.
Imago. Patatha maola awiri atasiya ana a sukulu, anayamba moyo wokangalika. Osapitirira masiku 5-7 pambuyo pake, amayamba kuchulukana ndikuyika mazira. Nthawi yayitali yophukira kuchokera kwa dzira kupita kwa munthu wamkulu pa kutentha kwa + 16 ° C ndi masiku 20, pa + 25 ° C -13,5 masiku, pa + 30 ° C - masiku 8, pa + 36 ° C - masiku 6.
Mitundu yoyandikira
M'mawonekedwe (a morphology) a imago, zinyalala za ng'ombe (Haematobia stimulants) zili pafupi ndi zolengedwa. Amasiyana ndi m'dzinja lowala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa tsitsi kutsogolo kwa mizere, mahema obiriwira ofiira, amtundu wakuda wa chifuwa ndi m'mimba, mesoscum yokhala ndi mikwingwirima inayi yakutali. Pamimba pali mizere itatu ya malo akulu abulauni.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe tafotokozayi, Haematobia atripalpis imapezeka nthawi zambiri, yofanananso ndi mawonekedwe a pine lance (Stomoxys calcitrans).
Malware
Autumn lighter ndi makina onyamula matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso causative othandizira a tularemia, anthrax, sepsis, kubwereranso kumatenda ndi matenda ena owopsa.
Kutengera zachilengedwe. Kukhazikitsidwa kuti pakuwukira kwakukulu kwa opanga, kuwonjezeka kwa thupi la ng'ombe kumatsika ndi 300 g patsiku, zipatso zamkaka - ndi 20% patsiku, mafuta amkaka amatsika ndi 0,1%.
Zochita zodziteteza
Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuwoneka ndi kufalikira kwa nyengo yophukira:
- Kuchotsa pa nthawi yake zinyalala zapakhomo,
- Kufalitsa nsanja za zotetezera,
- Kubwezera pansi ndi zida za zimbudzi zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi pamafamu a nkhuku ndi ziweto,
- Kukhazikitsa ziwiya zochapa ndi madzi osamba,
- Kuwombera pazenera panthawi yachisanu,
- Kutsatira malamulo aukhondo m'mabizinesi azakudya.
Ntchito zolimbirana
Njira zopangira tizilombo
- Kuyeretsa kokwanira
- Kutchera msambo ndi nyambo
- Kugwira tepi yokhala ndi zokopa zomwe zimakopa tizilombo
- Kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde oteteza, canopies.
Njira zamakina si njira zazikulu zowongolera ntchentche, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuletsa kufalikira kwa ntchentche ndi chithandizo chawo ndikupereka chitetezo chathunthu kwa anthu.
Njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo
Pochotsa mphutsi ndi ntchentche, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya mphutsi m'njira za emulsions potengera zomwe zimachitika m'magulu osiyanasiyana amakanema.
Pakuthana ndi ntchentche za imago, mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito pamagulu onse odziwika amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma nyambo a poizoni, matepi omata ndi ma shiti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kulimbana ndi ntchentche kumayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zambiri zakupha.
Polemba nkhaniyi, magwero otsatirawa adagwiritsidwanso ntchito:
Habitat
Gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha zowunikira ndi ziweto. Mphutsi zophuka zimayamba kumera manyowa. Chifukwa chake, kakhalidwe kachulu kakang'ono ka ntchentche ndi malo oweta ziweto. Popeza ng'ombe nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'bwalo lomwelo lokhalamo nyumba, zowunikira zimatha kuwuluka m'nyumba zomwe zimagunda munthu.
Chifukwa chachidwi cha malo okhala anthu, idalandira dzina lowonjezera la "ntchentche yam'mudzimo." M'malo mwake, mtundu uwu mulibe. Ili ndiye dzina la mitundu iliyonse ya ma dipterans, osungidwa pafupi ndi midzi ndi midzi.
Mawonekedwe
Mu chithunzichi, ntchentche zimakhala zosadziwika kuchokera ku ntchentche wamba. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitundu iwiri yonseyi ili pafupi kwambiri mu morphology ndi biology. Kutalika kwakanthawi kwamtundu wamtunduwu wa ntchentche ndi 7 mm. Choyeracho chimakhala ndi utoto wamtambo wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pachifuwa komanso mawanga pamimba. Mtundu wachikasu wam'mimba, ngati kamtundu wakunyumba, sukulunga.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ntchentche yakunyumba, chachimuna kuchokera pa chachikazi chowala chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mtunda pakati pa maso ndi kukula kwa kachilombo. Maso achikazi ndi owoneka bwino.
Zoyatsa zimasiyana:
- Mapiko a opepuka ndi otakataka,
- phenoscis yolunjika kutsogolo ngati proboscis ya tsetse ntchentche.
Vutoli limasinthidwa kuti lizidyetsa magazi ndipo limakhala ndi "mano" ofunikira kumapeto kwa kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikuyamwa ma plates kuti adye. Zonse zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimadyera magazi.
Ndege zopepuka
Kufotokozera kwa Autumn Kuwala
Kunja komanso monga malo okhalamo, tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono kameneka sikosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya synanthropic: ntchentche. Mitundu iwiriyi imakhala ndi kukula kwemweyo thupi (5.5-7 mm) ndi mtundu wofanana kwambiri. Mu chithunzichi, akatswiri okhawo omwe amatha kusiyanitsa chojambulidwa ndi ntchentche ya chipinda. Ma dipterans onsewa ndi amvi. Pachifuwa pali zingwe zakuda zazitali.
Koma mtundu wam'mimba pamutu wopepuka ndi wosiyana: umakhala ndi mawanga amdima kumtunda kwa m'mimba, ndipo gawo lotsikalo limapakidwa imvi. M'kati mwa ntchentche, pamimba pake pamakhala chikasu pansipa.
Kusiyana pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi kuli kofanana ndi kwa ntchentche yapanyumba: zazikazi ndizokulirapo ndipo maso awo ndi akulu kuposa amphongo.
Choyambilira cha nyundo chimakhala ndi kusiyana kuchokera pawiri. Pamalo abata, mapiko a opepuka ndi ochulukirapo kuposa omwe amakhala kuchipinda. Vutoli limapezeka ngati mu tsetse, ndipo limatsogola.
Njira yamphamvu
Mwanjira yodziwika bwino ya mawuwo, zowunikira siziluma. Amadula zigawo za kumtunda kwa khungu ndi phenoscis, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a magazi. Popewa magazi kuti asamveke, opepuka amayambitsa malovu owopsa pakukanda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ayambe kukwiya kwambiri.
Nthawi ina, mkazi amatha kumwa magazi kawiri pa thupi lake.
Mwazi umafunikira kuti akazi akamalize kubereka. Woyala pang'ono sadzatha kuyikira mazira. Kufunitsitsa kwa kubereka ndi chifukwa chomwe mitundu iyi ya ntchentche iluma makamaka pakugwa.
Zoyala zimatha kubisala paliponse pa chitukuko, koma ngakhale kutentha kwambiri osachepera + 8 ° C iwo amakhala. Asanadye nyengo yachisanu, ndikofunikira kuti mkaziyo akhale ndi nthawi yoyikira mazira. Madera akum'mwera, pamtunda wotentha kwambiri, ntchentche zamtunduwu zimatha kubereka chaka chonse.
Kuswana
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaswana mwachangu kwambiri. Zimawatengera milungu itatu kapena isanu ndi itatu kuti amalize moyo wonse, kutengera kutentha. Zimatenga tsiku limodzi lokha kuti dzira limere.
Kubala Kwambiri Thawani
Pa moyo wake wonse, wamkazi amaikira mazira 300-400 m'magulu a 25 zidutswa. Kubwezeretsanso kwa mizukwa kumachitika mu chimbudzi cha nyama, nthawi zina mukuola zinyalala za chomera. Koma amathanso kuyikira mazira m'mabala a nyama ndi anthu.
Nkhani za kuswana kwa mitunduyi kunja kwa malo okhala anthu zalembedwa. Zoyatsira mzere wapezeka m'malo a pelican m'chigawo cha Volga.
Mphutsi pakukula kwake imadutsa magawo atatu. Pa gawo lachitatu lachitukuko, mphutsi imafika kutalika kwotalika masentimita ndi 1,2 mm. Popeza ndi zaka, chipolopolo chopanda. Pazaka zachitatu, zokutira za mphuzi zimakhala ndi zofiirira. Pamapeto pa chitukuko, kutaya "khungu" lomaliza, mphutsi zimasanduka chrysalis. Pamatenthedwe abwino a + 27-30 ° C, mphutsi zimatenga masiku 4-5 kuti zitukuke kuchokera pomwe dzira limasiya.
Tisanadye, mphutsi imadzigoneka yokha ndikusunthira kuzinthu zakuya kuya masentimita 50. Kuti chitukutike bwino, pupa imafunikira kutentha kwapafupifupi 25 ° C ndi chinyezi 20 mpaka 40%. Ngati kutentha ndi chinyezi zikuphwanyidwa, chitukuko cha ana sichimalephera.
Pupa pafupifupi 6 mm kutalika ndi makulidwe m'dera la mutu. Utoto wa chivinous chivundikiro ndi zofiirira. Tizilomboti timapumira m'mizeremizere yomwe ili m'malire a zigawo za 1 ndi 2.
Mu nyengo yotentha, kuzungulira kwazonse kwa chithunzichi kuyambira nthawi yoyikira mazira kukhala wamkulu kumatenga masiku 6 okha.
Kukula kwa pupa kumatenga masiku 4 mpaka 7. Imago yemwe amatuluka pampu amakhala wokonzeka kubereka.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Monga magazi amtundu uliwonse "otha kusinthika", opepuka amatha kufalitsa matenda owopsa kwa anthu:
- kutentha thupi,
- tularemia
- trypanosomiasis,
- ehrlichiosis,
- anthrax.
Nthawi zambiri ntchentche zimakhala pakukula zovunda, zimagwira mabakiteriya okhala ndi miyendo ndi miyendo yawo. Pankhaniyi, akamadyetsa magazi, amatha kubweretsa mabakiteriya bala. Koma kuopsa kwa sepsis pamenepa ndi kochepa. Thupi laumunthu limatha kupirira ma bacteria ochepa kwambiri. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatengedwa kuchokera ku zovunda ndi owopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi.
Kusamutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda am'mimba ndi mazira a mphutsi ndi ntchito wamba ya ntchentche zonse, kuphatikiza nyengoyi ya nyundo.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Zopepuka ndizabanja la ntchentche zenizeni. Maonekedwe, amafanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wamba. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndikuti opepuka amakhala ndi mano osungunuka.
Tizilombo timakhala ngati vampire, timadya magazi, koma nthawi yomweyo timakonda kuwala komanso kutentha. Kuyang'ana zozimitsira zithunziakuwoneka kuti akuyang'ana ntchentche. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 5-7 mm. Mtundu wa khungu ndi imvi.
M'mimba mwake mumakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono, ndipo chifuwa chonse chili mumtambo wakuda. Phula limakhala lowongoka, lopindika pang'ono pansi pamutu kuti nsonga yake izitamara kutsogolo. Chida ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza chakudya, chifukwa chake chimakhala ndi mano opukutira omwe amatha kusokoneza khungu kuti apeze magazi ofunda a wozunzidwayo.
Kusiyana kwakuthupi pakati pa chachikazi ndi chachimuna, titero kunena kwake, pankhope. Amuna ali ndi mphumi zakutsogolo kuposa osankhidwa awo, ndipo amapanga 2/3 ya m'lifupi mwake. Ndipo chachikazi chamtunduwu, m'lifupi mwake pamphumi ndi wofanana ndi kukula kwa maso. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuwona kuti ndi ndani.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu iyi ya ntchentche siyosankha za moyo. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchentche zolumikizira zimatha kupezeka m'malo aliwonse ampiri - pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula kokha ndiye Kumpoto Kumpoto. Mukamasankha nyumba, "mapiko amtambo" awa amakonda kukonda malo omwe nthawi zonse amapindula nawo.
Izi makamaka ng'ombe, ng'ombe kapena zomangira, monga kudya zopepuka makamaka magazi a ng'ombe. Ntchentche izi zimasankha nyumba yoyenera kukhazikitsa ana, ndiko kuti kukhalapo kwa manyowa onyowa kapena udzu wowola. Mapeto a chilimwe - chiyambi cha yophukira chimawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yomwe anthu opepuka amawonjezeka kwambiri.
Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti amawonjezera gawo lawo ndikukhalira mnyumba za anthu. Amakhulupirira kuti pofika nthawi yophukira ntchentche imakwiya ndikuluma. M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha umbuli, anthu nthawi zambiri amasokoneza kachilombo wamba komanso cholimira, popeza zakale sizingaluma.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ntchentche yowala kwenikweni imapita kuthengo kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Amakhala ngati udzudzu.Izi zimachitika motere: mothandizidwa ndi mano achitinous, kumtunda khungu limakutidwa ndikukupaka malovu owopsa.
Poizoniyu amateteza magazi kuundana kotero kuti ndikosavuta kwa opepuka kuti anyambite magazi. Popanda chakudya chotere, magazi amtunduwu sangathe kuyikira mazira ndipo amakhala osabereka. Wogwiridwayo, pakadali pano, akumva kuwawa komanso kuwawa. Mwinanso chifukwa cha zomverera izi ndikupeza dzina lowa kwambiri.
Pa chithunzicho kuluma kwa ntchentche
Ntchentche izi zimatha nyengo yachisanu m'mitundu itatu: mphutsi, pupae, ndi munthu wamkulu. Ngati nyengo nyengo ino ilola, ndiye kuti chitukuko chikuchitika mosalekeza. Mphamvu yotentha yoyenera nthawi yamoyo wa tizilombo ndi +15 0 С. Nthawi yogwira ntchentche imakonda kugwa masana.
Njira yodyetserayi imatha kutenga mphindi ziwiri mpaka ola limodzi. Ngati nthawi yoyamba iye alephera kupeza zokwanira, ndiye kuti abwereranso kwa iye nthawi zambiri. Ntchentche izi zimasamala kwambiri, ndipo pakuwopseza pang'ono zimachoka. Koma, nthawi yomweyo, amalimbikira ndipo patapita kanthawi abwereranso "kunthawi yomwe anapalamula".
Kuopsa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kumachitika chifukwa chakuti amalola kuletsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda. Chifukwa chakumwa magazi kwa wina aliyense, kupuma pa zovunda kapena ndowe, nyali yophukira ikhoza kubweretsa kachilomboka mosavuta mu bala la wotsatira.
Ntchentche izi ndizonyamula tularemia, anthrax, poyizoni wamagazi ndi matenda ena owopsa. Momwe mungathane ndi skipper Dzitchinjirize ndi banja lako? Njira zoyesera kuthana nazo ndizofanana ndi ntchentche wamba.
Mphamvu yamakina ndiyo kukhazikitsa zowonetsera udzudzu pazenera ndi zitseko, komanso swatter yodziwika bwino ya ntchentche. Njira ya mankhwala ikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo. Makola awa, zipinda komanso milu yonyansa imakonzedwa ndi mankhwalawa.
Suligator wodziwika bwino yemwe ali ndi mbale zapadera amathanso kutengera njira imeneyi. Chinsinsi cha njira yachilengedweyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimadyera mitundu iyi ya ntchentche. Izi zakumwa magazi, nthawi zambiri, miyendo ya omwe akuvutika nawo. Malo omwe kulumidwa kwa ntchentche kumatupa ndipo amayenda kwambiri.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati ntchentche iluma kuwala?
Choyamba muyenera kuziziritsa khungu lomwe lakhudzidwalo. Izi ndikuti tilewe kugayidwa. Ngati pali antihistamine mu khabati yamankhwala, ndiye ndibwino kuyiyika pamalo omwe akukhudzidwa. Pakakhala kuti palibe mankhwala, mutha kuyambiranso njira za anthu wowerengeka. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi supuni ya sopo.
Supuni ya tiyi ya sopo imakhazikitsidwa mu kapu yamadzi ofunda. Chovala chophimba bandeji kapena chosalala sichimalembedwa munjirayi ndikuwasintha malowa kuluma ntchentche. Machitidwe awa ayenera kuchepetsa kuyabwa ndi kuyaka.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Opepuka amadya magazi okha. Makamaka, magazi am ng'ombe amaphatikizidwa muzakudya. Nthawi zina nkhumba ndi mahatchi amakhala pansi pa mfuti yake. Pali nthawi zina pomwe opepuka amamwa magazi amunthu, koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati mkati ndi munthu.
Nthawi yakuswana, mkazi amasintha kukhala "wosakhuta". Izi ndichifukwa choti amafunika magazi kuti akole mazira okhwima. Komanso, kufunikira kwake kumawonjezeka kangapo.
Zolemba ndi chilengedwe
Ntchentche ndi chimodzi mwazilombo zodziwika bwino padziko lapansi. Masiku ano, pali mitundu yopitilira 5,000. Ambiri aiwo amadya pamadzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zowola, zinyalala za chakudya, ndowe. Ena amatha kuluma anthu ndi nyama. Izi zikuphatikiza ntchentche zopepuka. Kuyambira mu Ogasiti, amadzipweteka kwambiri.
Kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ntchentche wamba m'nyumba. Ngakhale mutapenda mozama, ndizovuta kupeza kusiyana kulikonse. Kupatula apo, mitundu yonse iwiriyo imakhala ndi imvi ndipo imafanana chimodzimodzi.
M'malo mwake, kusiyanasiyana kuli mu phenoscis: zowunikira, mosiyana ndi ntchentche wamba, zimakhala zazitali komanso zimakhala ndi mbale zoyipa. Ndi chithandizo chake, kachilomboka kamagogoda khungu la amene akumugwirawo ndikusunsa magazi. Ndi zochitika zomwezo za anthu ndi nyama, amuna ndi akazi amawukira. Akutemera pakhungu, tizilombo timayamwa malovu owopsa mkati, omwe amayambitsa kupweteka komanso kuyabwa.
Kuluma chowopsa
Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, anthu omwe ali ndi kuchepa mphamvu amakhala akuwuluma ntchentche za zowunikira zazimayi: makanda, olumala, anthu okalamba. Pambuyo pa vuto la kachilombo, chotupa chimakhalabe pakhungu, limodzi ndi zowawa komanso kuyabwa. Choopsa chachikulu chogwidwa ndi tizilombo ndi chakuti amanyamula matenda oopsa, omwe ndi awa:
- sepsis,
- anthrax,
- chifuwa chachikulu,
- kutentha thupi
- kamwazi
- polio,
- leishmaniasis
- tularemia
- kuyambiranso kutentha thupi.
Matenda owopsa amatha kulowa mthupi pokhapokha ngati kuluma. Ngati mphutsi za ntchentche zabwera mwangozi m'zakudya zomwe anthu amadya, cavity myiasis ayamba kukula mkati mwa thupi lake.
Palinso timinofu tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayambitsa pamene mphutsi kapena mazira afika pamavuto owonongeka a khungu. Mitundu yonseyi ya myiasis imabweretsa chiopsezo ku moyo wa munthu, ndipo ngati sanapatsidwe, imatha kupha.
Zochita kuluma kwa wopepuka
Mukangoluma pang'ono pakuwala, ndikofunikira kuzilimbitsa pakhungu lomwe lakhudzidwa, makamaka ndi shawa. Zitatha izi, ndikofunikira kuti mutenge antihistamine ndikuyika mafuta oundana kapena sodium pamalowo. Onetsetsani kuti mwawonda pachilonda ndi hydrogen peroxide, wobiriwira wanzeru kapena ayodini. Ngati kutupa sikunathe mkati mwa masiku ochepa, muyenera kufunafuna thandizo kuchipatala.
Kupewa
Popeza opepuka amamva kuwopsa pang'ono, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti aziwagwira pa ntchentche kapena kuwombera. Mutha kudziteteza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga ntchentche zamkati: maukonde a udzudzu, matepi omatira ndi misampha. Ngati ziphuphu zikapezeka mnyumba, nyumbayo iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi tizilombo.
Moyo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda “nthawi yake yopusa” afalikira kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano. Palibe zowunikira kokha ku Far North. Pakusintha, mitunduyi idasinthika kudyetsa mphutsi zomwe zimayamwa zinyalala. Kubwera kwachitukuko komanso ulimi woweta nyama, opepuka m'chilengedwe atasowa, akusunthira kukhola lotentha. Chifukwa chakumwa kwawo komwe amakhala, adalandira dzina loti "mudzi". Koma cholowa ichi chimawonjezeredwa ku mitundu iliyonse ya ma edhitropic.
Tizilomboti sitinataye mwayi wokhala ndi moyo zachilengedwe. Umboni wake ndi kuchuluka komwe kumapezeka m'mizungu.
Pafupi ndi mwamunayo, wopepuka adzipeza yekha malo abwino okhala. M'makhalidwe, nthawi zonse amayala patebulo ndi malo okonzeka kuzizira.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Zoyatsira zimatha kupita yozizira nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikukula. Koma ambiri amaundana nthawi yachisanu, ngakhale kumayiko akumwera amatha kubereka chaka chonse. Pamatenthedweotsika +8 madigiri, tizilombo timayamba kuzimiririka. Pambuyo kwanyengo yotentha, ntchentche zimayamba kuchuluka kwina. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yachilimwe, chifukwa cha zowerengeka zochepa, sizowonekera. Koma mtunduwu umaberekanso mwachangu.
Wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira 400 pamoyo wake. Kutenderera kokwanira pamtunda wabwino wa + 27-30 madigiri kwa nyamazo kumangotenga masiku 5 okha. Mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka dzira limadzipangira ndowe ndipo zimadutsa mbali zonse zitatu za chitukuko. Munthawi imeneyi, imakula motalika kuposa 10 mm. Pamapeto omaliza, amaphunzitsa ana.
Pamaso pang'onopang'ono, mphutsi zimadziphimba mumwendo wakuya masentimita 50. Ndi pokhapokha pomwe amatha kutaya khungu lomaliza ndikusandulika pupa 6 mm kutalika. Utoto wa chivinous chivundikiro ndi zofiirira. Pali ukulu kumapeto kwa mutu. Chingalawacho chimapumira pakati pa mizere yomwe ili pakati pa gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri. Pupa amapuma masiku 4-7. Imago yakonzeka kale kuswana.
Kuti chitukutike bwino, pupa amafunika chinyezi cha 20-40% ndi kutentha kwakunja kwa madigiri 25. Kuphwanya boma, imago yodzaza ndi zinthu sizingakhazikike. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri, kusinthika kwathunthu kuchokera ku dzira kupita ku kachilombo wamkulu kumangotenga masiku 6 okha.
Kubala kwazungu kumawulukira ntchentche
Pamalo oswana, mtundu yaying'ono kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe pofika m'dzinja limasefukira midzi ndi midzi. Ntchentche zatsopano zimakonda kubereka mwachangu. Popeza kuti botolo limafunikira magazi kuti likhale loswana bwino, ntchentche zimayamba kulimbana ndi magazi amtundu uliwonse ofunda. Kufuna kubereka komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu kumafotokoza zaukali wa ntchentche yophukira.
Chifukwa cha izi, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, wopepuka adalandira dzina lake lachiwiri "Autumn".
Zoyenera kuluma
Patsamba la ntchentche limaluma nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukwiya kwambiri chifukwa cha kutupa kwa minofu yofewa. Ntchentche ilumidwa ndi opepuka, malo olumayo amatsukidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ozizira kuti muchepetse mkwiyo. Ngati m'nyumba muli ma antihistamines, mutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse vuto lanu. Ngati pali ululu ndi kuyaluka pamalo akulumidwa, mutha kuthira ayezi, mafuta odzola ndi sopo ndi njira zina zomwe zingachepetse kusasangalala. Kulumwa ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda nkoyeneranso.
Chilondacho chiyenera kupulumutsidwa. Ngati thupi lanu silikulandila silikupita, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Kapangidwe ka proboscis
Kuti athe kubowola khungu la nyama, owunikira adapeza proboscis yokhala ndi mbale zapadera. Chiwalo ndi cholimba, chochepa thupi komanso chachitali, chimatulutsira kutsogolo. Zimatha ndi mbale zapadera zoyamwa zokutira ndi mano a chitinous. Panthawi yoti nyamayo ilandidwe, mbalezo zimasuntha, ndipo mano ambiri amaphwanya khungu. Mtundu wa Proboscis wakuda wokhala ndi mafunde ochepa.
Mphutsi
Pamalo ophuka, ana a opepuka ndi oyera ngati chikaso. Pazaka zoyambirira zimakhala zowonekera, kutalika kwa thupi losinthasintha ndi 1.2 mm. Pofika m'badwo wachitatu iwo amakula mpaka 11-12 mm. Thupi limakhala ndi magawo 8. Mphete yaung'onoting'ono imakhala pachifuwa. Pakamimba, kuyambira lachiwiri mpaka la chisanu ndi chiwiri, ndikukula kwambiri. Zowunikira pagawo lachisanu ndi chitatu. Mphutsi yopanda miyendo, imayenda mothandizidwa ndi ma tubercles ndi ma spikes.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Amuna ndi akazi a m'dzinja opepuka amasiyana pakakhalidwe ka maliseche ndi mphumi. Amuna ali ndi mphumi wopendekera, chifukwa cha 2/3 ya utali wa maso. Akazi amakhala ndi mulifupi wokwanira, pafupifupi wofanana kukula kwa maso. Ntchentche ndi tizilombo tosinthika kwathunthu. Nthawi yawo yozungulira ndi masiku 5-20 okha. Pakadutsa masiku awiri atachokapo, akulu ndi okonzeka kukhwima komanso kubereka. Poyikira mazira, zazikazi zimasankha malo omwe chinthu chachilengedwe chimawola - manyowa, milu ya kompositi, malovu.
Pa malo amodzi pali mazira oyera 100 mpaka 130 okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Nthawi yonse yamoyo, mkazi m'modzi amapanga ndodo za 5-7. Zisanachitike mphutsi, maola 10-24 akudutsa. Pa kukula, amasungunuka kawiri ndikusintha zaka zitatu. Pa kutentha kwa ntchentche (+ 27-30 ° C) patatha masiku 4-5, mphutsi zimasanduka pupa. Chophimba cha m'badwo wachitatu chimawuma ndipo chimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Kunja, pupa ndi ofanana ndi kapisozi, kutalika kwake mpaka 6 mm. Pa tsamba la mutu, kukulapo pang'ono. Kupumira kumapezeka pamphepete mwa gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri. Kutentha, magawo onse kuyambira dzira kupita kwa wowala wamkulu amapita masiku 6.
Pamaso pa nyemba, mphutsi zimasamukira ku manyowa ndi chinyezi choposa 20-40%. Kuzungulira kwakukulu kumawonedwa m'malo ndi kutentha kwa + 25 °. Pupa imatha kukhala yakuya mpaka masentimita 50. Kutentha konyentchera ndi chinyezi sikusokoneza mkhalidwe wake. Kukula kwa pupa kumatenga masiku 4-7; ndipo ntchentche yopangidwa imatuluka kuchokera ku coco.
Chidwi. Mphutsi za maluwawa zimafa pa kutentha kwa + 52 ° C.
Choyamba thandizo kuluma kwa wopepuka
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timasankha pakati pa anthu omwe sangawathandize - ana aang'ono, olumala, ogona. Nthawi zambiri kuluma ndi miyendo. Chifukwa cha malovu omwe alowetseredwa chilonda, kumverera kowotcha ndi kutupa.
Wovulala amafunika thandizo:
- Tenthetsani m'derali ndi madzi oundana.
- Chiritsani bala ndi antiseptic.
- Kuti muchepetse kuyabwa, koloko ya soda ikulimbikitsidwa.
- Anthu omwe amakonda kuchita ziwengo ayenera kupatsidwa antihistamine.
- Ngati tsiku kapena awiri atakuluma, wovulalayo samva bwino, muyenera kupita kuchipatala. Matenda otheka.
Makina
- Kukhazikitsa maukonde a udzudzu pazenera ndi zitseko.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito misampha ya ntchentche, zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena magalasi ali ndi nyambo mkati.
- Zingwe za tepi yomasukira ikulendewera m'zipinda. Yothandiza komanso yotetezeka ndi tizilombo, koma yopanda pake kwa anthu.
Zamapangidwe
Kuletsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina sikungathandize. Kuti atulutsidwe kwathunthu, kukonzekera kwa mankhwala kumafunika.
- Kwa achikulire, mankhwala opha tizilombo, nyambo zapoizoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Mphutsi zowononga ndi pupae zimathandizira apadera mankhwala ophera tizilombo - mphutsi.
