Kodi mukufuna wokhala mosazolowereka m'dambo lanu? Kenako polytherus, zomwe mukufuna. Ichi ndi cholengedwa chapadera: si nsomba, kapena, mwina, imawoneka ngati chinjoka. Maonekedwe ake, ndi zipsepse zake motalikirana, amafanana ndi ma dinosaurs akale.

Kufotokozera kwa nsomba za polyperus

Polypterus ndi munthu wa banja limodzi, ali ndi mawonekedwe onga njoka, amakhala m'madzi opanda madzi, nyanja ndi mitsinje yamayiko aku India ndi ku Africa. Amakonda madera akumunsi, duwa lambiri ndi mthunzi wocheperako.

Zotsalira zomwe zimapezeka ku Africa zaka zopitilira mamiliyoni makumi angapo zapitazo zimatsimikizira kuti polytherus ndi wokhalamo wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe akale a chigoba, mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mphuno yayikulu komanso thupi lalitali (mpaka 90 cm).

Anthu ambiri amaganiza choncho chinjoka cha polytherus - Ichi ndi cholengedwa chotsogola chomwe chakhalapobe mpaka nthawi zathu (munthawi yaying'ono). Pali mtundu womwe chifukwa cha kuwira kwawo, kofanana ndi mapapu, zolengedwa izi zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali m'malo okhala am'madzi omwe mulibe mpweya wabwino. Pamaso pa thupi paphimbidwa ndi mamba mumayendedwe a ma rhombuse, pamakhala mawonekedwe ena kumbuyo, omwe amachokera pakati penipeni kumbuyo ndikutha kumapeto kwa mchira.

Pa vertebrae iliyonse 15-20, ndalama imodzi imalumikizidwa. Itha kutsika ndikuwuka pothandizidwa ndi chinjoka. Pali mafupa awiri mu zipsepse zamkati, zopatuka pang'ono, zolumikizidwa ndi cartilage.

Zofunikira pakusamalidwa ndikusamalidwa kwa nsomba za polytherus

AT zamtundu wa polytherus mwamtheradi osati zokomera. Adzafunika saizi yokhala ndi malita osachepera 200. Kumtunda kwa chidebe kuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena chivindikiro ndi mabowo; kupezeka kwa mpweya ndikofunikira. Mkati mwa aquarium muli ma grotto, snags, partitions, miyala. Mwa mbewu, echinodorous kapena nymphaea amasankhidwa.

Ulamuliro wa kutentha umasungidwa mkati mwa + 24 ... 30 ° C, acidity pH 6-8, kuuma dH 3-18. Madzi amathiridwa tsiku lililonse, kamodzi pa sabata - kusintha kwathunthu kwamadzi kukhala kwatsopano. Pansi pa thanki mutha kusiya malo athyathyathya kuti nsomba za polytherus Ndinatha kupumula modekha. Nthawi zina imakwera pamwamba kuti ikulowe.

Zakudya za polytherus

Aquarium Polyperus - wolusa, chifukwa chake, mu kampani yokhala ndi anthu ochepa ndi bwino osakwanitsa kukhazikitsa. Zakudya zake zazikulu ndizakudya zama protein zomwe zimakhala ndi nyongolotsi, shrimp, squid, plankton yaying'ono ndi nyama ya ng'ombe.

Zakudya za mmera zimangokhala 5% yazakudya zonse. Chifukwa aquarium sangabzalidwe ndi algae, idzakhala chakudya chokwanira m'miyala ndi chimanga. Polyterus wachikulire amadyetsedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata.

At nsomba za polytherus kusawona bwino, koma pakupita nthawi amatha kuzindikira eni ake mwamaonekedwe. Kuphatikiza pa gawo lapansi ndi chakudya chowundana, ndikofunikira kupatsa nthumwi zazing'ono: mwachangu, nsungu zamagazi, mphutsi, zoobus ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya Polypterus

Ngakhale polytherus mu aquarium Amayamba kuzika kwambiri, osathamangira kuchulukana. Kuti muchite izi, pangani mikhalidwe yapadera. Ma Aquarists amazindikira mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya polypterus.

— PolytherusSenegal - wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa abale ake. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ochezeka, yawonjezera zochitika komanso imafuna kudziwa zambiri. Mwansanga amalumikizana ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzimo, amafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40.

— Polytheruswomaliza - Chinanso chachikulu, chomwe chimakhala chachikulu masentimita 70-75. Chimatsogolera moyo wosangalatsa, kuyenda pang'ono pang'ono, kumafunikira chidebe chotsalira.

Mu chithunzicho polytherus endlher

Thupi lalitali limapangidwa mu chokoleti, m'malo ena mumakhala malo amdima. Choyimira chachikulu ndi zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral zofanana ndi scapulae. Chakudya chofunikira ndizofunikira makamaka pamalingaliro awa.

— Polytherusdelgesi -wodziwika kwambiri komanso wowala kwambiri kuposa zovuta zina zonse. Makulidwewa amayambira 30-30 cm, kumtunda kwa thupi kumakhala ndi maolivi, m'mimba mumakutidwa chikasu.

Mu chithunzi polyperus delgesi

Zingwe zazitali zamtambo wakuda zimayenda thupi lonse. Mutu ndi wocheperako, mphuno yake ndi yayikulu, tubular, ndipo maso ndi ochepa. Zipsepse zamakutu poyenda zimafanana ndi kusesa kwa fan, chimalizo cha mchira chimalozedwa.

— Polytherusornatypins - chinjoka chaching'ono chokongola komanso chowala, chili ndi khungu losadziwika bwino, chimakula mpaka 40. Amadziwika kuti "chinjoka cha nsangalabwi", chimasiyanitsidwa ndi ukali wapadera komanso nkhanza panthawi yosaka.

Zojambulidwa ndi polytherus ornatipins

Pafupifupi nthawi zonse mumabisala, mumatha kuwona, okonda chakudya chokha. Kapangidwe kakepi lathupi: imvi ndi utoto wofiirira, pamimba ndi chikaso. Mutu womwe umawoneka ngati chisoti chophimba mutu. Mitundu imamwazikana chimodzimodzi thupi lonse.

— PolytherusSenegalale albino - zolemba za oyimira Senegal. Ili ndi thupi lokwera, lofika masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Chifukwa chakuti m'chilengedwe chinjoka chimakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pa dziwe komanso pamthunzi, thupi lake limakhala ndi mbewa yoyera.

Wojambula Polyperus Senegalese Albino

Kuphatikiza nsomba kwa Polytherus ndi nsomba zina

Polypertus ndi nyama yolusa mwachilengedwe, malingaliro omwe amasungira madera nawonso amakonzedwa bwino. Ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndibwino kuti zisathetse. Kuyandikana ndi nsomba zokulirapo, ma cichlids, Akara, astronotus, barbus limalekerera bwino.

Yesetsani polypterus ndi ena okhala m'malo osungirako pamlingo wina akhoza kukhala mu "average". Ndi chisamaliro komanso chisamaliro chabwino, chinjokacho nchokonzeka kukhala mu ukapolo zaka zoposa 10.

Kubalanso ndi machitidwe ogonana a nsomba za polythers

Kupanga kutulutsa kwa polypterus, mawonekedwe apadera ayenera kupangidwa. Ulamuliro wa kutentha umakwezedwa ndi madigiri angapo, madziwo amasinthidwa ndikuthira asidi. Kuberekanso kumachitika kuyambira pa Julayi mpaka Okutobala.

Banja lomwe lidapangidwa limakhala masiku angapo limodzi, kukhudzana, kuluma zipsepse. Njira yosangalatsa yoponyera mazira mwa mkazi. Kuchokera pa zipsepse, yamphongo imapanga chidebe chofanana ndi mbale, ndipo chachikazi chimayikira mazira. Wamphongo wogawana amawagawa pansi pa algae kapena moss.

Kuti makolo asameze mwana, amangidwa. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake mwachangu amawonekera, amamatira m'makola, okonda pang'ono. Nutrient imapangidwa patatha pafupifupi sabata limodzi.

Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna. Ngati mumaphunzira mosamala chithunzi cha polypterus, kenako champhongo chimakhala ndi chikhomo cham'mbuyo mwa mawonekedwe a scapula, ndipo chachikazi chimakhala ndi cholozera cholunjika. Komanso mwa akazi, mutu umakhala waukulu kuposa amuna.

Ma polypertuses amadwala kwambiri, mawonekedwe a matenda amayamba chifukwa cha boma losaphunzira lomwe limamangidwa. Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri. Kusasunthika kwamadzi kumadzetsa poyizoni wa ammonia. Kenako matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya amatha kujowina.

Ambiri matenda a polypterus - Ichi ndi matenda opatsirana ndi monoono. M'thupi lonse, makamaka pamutu, mutha kuwona nyongolotsi zazing'ono. Chinjoka chaching'ono nthawi zambiri chimadzuka, chimadya bwino, koopsa. Amathandizidwa ndi kumvairin. Gulani polypterus Mutha kukhala m'masitolo a ziweto kapena misika yapadera.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

M'masiku otsogola, ma polypterus amakhala m'malo okhala ku Africa. Masiku ano amatha kupezeka m'madzi oyaka matope a ku Africa ndi India. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso mawonekedwe osachepera, choncho maiwe osalala, okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka, ndi oyenera. Amabisala m'nkhokwe za udzu pafupi kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu ndi mawonekedwe a kupuma kwamphamvu: chikhodzodzo chosambira chagawika pawiri ndipo chimaphatikizidwa pakupuma.

Kuyambira kale, mitundu ingapo ya polypterus idapulumuka momwe idalili kale.

• Kalamoikht Kalabar - m'mayimidwe awa, thupilo likufanana kwambiri ndi njoka: yayitali komanso yopapatiza, yokhala ndi mafinya a msana komanso ziphuphu zazing'ono zazing'ono. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ngati njoka, ndipo kamwa limapindika pakumwetulira. Kalamoicht amapaka utoto wamitengo ya azitona wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Aquarium imagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri - madzulo ndi usiku. Chimangodya chakudya chokhacho. Mu aquarium, imakula mpaka 40 cm, koma imatha kukhala m'madzi kuchokera pamalita 100,

• polytherus ornatipinis (Congolese polytherus, chinjoka cha marble) - amakula mpaka 40 cm ndipo amadziwika ndi khalidwe lankhanza. Sungani munthu wokongola kotero ndizotheka kokha mu aquarium yayikulu kwambiri - kuchokera ku malita 400. Kunja, ndi nsomba yokhala ngati njoka yokhala ndi zoyera modabwitsa kumaso wakuda komanso pamimba yoyera. Amakonzekera kubisala

• Endlicher polytherus (bishir) - amakula kukula kwambiri kuposa ma ornatipin - mpaka masentimita 75. Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa volarium kumachokera 1 toni. Nsombayo imachedwa, imakhala nthawi yayitali pogona, imangodya chakudya chokha. Thupi limapakidwa utoto wamtambo ndi mikwingwirima yakuda,

• Delgesi polytherus - imakula mpaka 35 masentimita, imakhala ndi utoto wowala: kumtunda wa azitona pali malo ambiri akuda osapangika, akulu pamthupi komanso ang'ono pamutu. Mimba ndi yopepuka. Malo osungirako miyala kuchokera ku malita 250 ndi oyenera kuwasunga, koma ndibwino ngati akupitilira malita 350. Chimangodya chakudya chokhacho, mnansi wabwino wa adani

• Wixia polytherus ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri. Amakula mpaka 90 cm, ali ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso amakhazikika. Kusunga chimphona choterocho mu ukapolo kumatheka kokha mu aquarium. Chimangodya chakudya chokhacho. Thupi la imvi ndi mikwingwirima yakuda,

• Senegalese polytherus - zamitundu yonse ya nthenga zamitundu mitundu, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'mizinda yakunyumba. Kutalika kwa thupi kumadalira malo okhala. Itha kumera mpaka 40 masentimita m'madzi akuluakulu. Thupi ndi la imvi kapena la bulauni la azitona, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa komanso pamimba. Kukula kwa thanki kuti ikhale yosamalitsa bwino - kuchokera ma malita 180, makamaka zina. Mawonekedwe osapsa mtima, ogwira ntchito komanso ochezeka.

Malangizo ochepa okonza ndikusamalira adzakuthandizani kupewa zovuta. Chinsinsi chachikulu ndi chivindikiro cholimba pa aquarium! Popanda izi, polytherus "imathawa" kwambiri. Chifukwa chakutha kupuma mpweya wamlengalenga kwakanthawi, imatha kukwawa pansi kupita kumalo kopanda. Mbuyeyo akagwira chiwetocho, chimakhala chachedwa kwambiri.

• voliyumu ya aquarium siochepera 180 malita a polypterus ndi 100 malita tsoka. Zazikulu, zabwinoko. Chisamaliro chapadera chimalipidwa mpaka pansi: ziyenera kukhala zokwanira pakusuntha ndi malo komwe kunali nsomba,
• kutentha kwa 24 24 ° C,
• kuuma 2-19 °,
• acidity 6-7 pH,
• payenera kukhala malo osungira osachepera 5cm pakati pa chivundikiro ndi pamwamba pa madzi. Mukakhala ndi mavuto, ambuye otchuka othawa, chivundikirocho chimayenera kulimba mwamphamvu momwe zingathere ku aquarium,
• Nthaka - makamaka mchenga wofewa. Chifukwa chake mikhalidwe yokhala m'ndende ili pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Ngati pazifukwa zina sizingatheke, sankhani miyala ing'onoing'ono yosalala. Nthaka siyenera kukhala yakuthwa kuti nsomba isamapweteke pamene mukuwerenga pansi.
• Kuyeretsa kwa Siphon kumachitika mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za nyumba zina za m'madzi, nthawi zambiri kawiri pamwezi. Kusintha pafupipafupi ndimadzi ochepa kumakhala kofunikira: mpaka 10% ya buku kamodzi masiku atatu, kapena 25% kamodzi pa sabata. Ma polypterus amayang'anira kuyera kwa madzi,
• kusefedwa kwamtundu wakonzedwa ndi fyuluta yakunja, popeza kuchuluka kwa m'madzi ndi kwakukulu,
• ma polyperturas alibe chidwi ndi mbewu zam'madzi zokhala amoyo, koma ndibwino kuzidzala kuti posuntha nsomba zovuta kuzakumana nazo zochepa,
• Palibe zofunikira pakuwunikira ngati pakhala malo okwanira mu aquarium. Payenera kukhala malo osinthika,
• zokongoletsera ziyenera kukhala ndi miyala yayikulu yosalala, nkhuni, driftwood, yopindidwa mu mawonekedwe a m'mapanga ndi m'misasa. Mapaipi a ceramic, miphika yayitali ndi yabwino pokonzekera sisitiri.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Kwenikweni, nthenga zambiri zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba sizowopsa ndipo zimagwirizana ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri. Pali chochitika chokhazikika m'madzimo ndi aqufish, golide wamkulu. Mkhalidwe wofunikira - nsomba siziyenera kusokonezana. Ma polyperus sioyenererana ndi discus, chifukwa amakhumudwitsa dongosolo lamasisitimu loyera la nsomba izi. Zochepa kwambiri - barbs, neons, guppies - ziziwadyedwa kwakanthawi kochepa. Komabe, chinjoka chaumbombo ndi chilombo chonse, chomwe chimakonda ndi kudziwa kusaka. Kuwona kotsika sikumamuvutitsa mu izi. Nthawi zambiri akatswiri am'madzi amaphatikiza polypterus ndi akaras, astronotuses, parrots ndi ma cichlids ena akuluakulu.

Mu aquarium yakunyumba, polyperus imatsogolera moyo wokangalika: imasambira pakati pa malo ogumulira, imawerengera pansi, imatha kukwera, kukagona pansi pamakwerero a aquarium ndi baski pamenepo m'miyala yamiyala. Makamaka izi ndizodziwika bwino kwa kalamoahti. Ngati nsomba ikachita izi, zimatanthawuza kuti imakhala yabwino pazinthu zomwe zidapangidwa, ndipo imakhala nthawi yayitali yosangalala. Ma polypterus amatha kulowa m'makona osakwanira, osakakamira, koma ndibwino kutsatira izi, makamaka kwakanthawi pambuyo poti akonzenso.

Ziwawa za intraspecific zimachitika ndikusowa kwa malo. Nsomba zimayamba kugawa gawo ndikuwombera mdani yemwe adayesetsa kuphwanya malire. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zolimba ndizovulaza. Kungoti polypterus ali ndi mawonekedwe, malingaliro ena pamoyo ndi chiyambi cha luntha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi.

Matenda

Akuluakulu polytherus sangagwidwe ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, amatetezedwa ndi mamba wandiweyani. Matenda makamaka amakhudzanso achinyamata omwe amabwera kuchokera ku India ndi ku Africa: amatha kupatsira ma aquarium ndikupatsira ena okhala. Kuti izi zisachitike, prophylaxis iyenera kuchitika: polypterus wogula amayenera kuyikidwa mu malo okhala pansi pamadzi ndipo zochita zawo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa masabata 1-2. Kukhalapo kwa tiziromboti ta khungu kumawonetsedwa ndi nkhawa, kupindika thupi komanso kufunitsitsa kuloza pansi chilichonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, pang'ono formalin imawonjezeredwa ndi madzi, omwe amathetsa matendawa m'masiku ochepa.

Mavuto amatha kubwera chifukwa chomwa madzi mopitirira muyeso kapena madzi osowa: nsombazo zimakhala zoopsa, masikelo amatayika. Kupewa ndikosavuta: kutsatira njira yodyetsera komanso kusamalira aquarium.

Ndi ma polypteruse angati omwe amakhala mu aquarium: chifukwa cha kupirira pamikhalidwe yabwino - zaka zoposa 10.

Pomaliza

Kufotokozera kwa polypterus kumatha kuwopsa ndikutenga alendo obwera kumene: chinjoka, nsomba ngati njoka, dinosaur. M'malo mwake, uyu ndiwofatsa yemwe amakhala pamadzi omwe safunikira chisamaliro chapadera, kupatula chivundikiro chabwino komanso chakudya chamoyo. Adzakhala bwenzi labwino komanso malo osamalilidwa pakati pa alendo kunyumba.