Mmawa wabwino, oyanjana nawo. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti musunge nthabwala za chikominisi zokhudzana ndi proletariat ndikupanga tsogolo labwino nanu. Kapena osapilira ndemanga. Inde, lero tili ndi wolimbikira ntchito kumadula . Koma sikuti makoswe awa ndi odziwika chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika! Kuyang'ana pa intaneti posaka zinthu zokhudzana ndi alendo athu, imodzi mwa mfundo zomwe injini yosaka idandipatsa: "Zida zoyimira" . Ndipo ndizovuta kuvomereza. Ma bea ndi ma tini! Si onse omwe angapangire chilengedwe chonse, kuba magetsi ndi kugwera mumkwiyo, kukhala mbala ya herbivore!
Kunena zowona, makoswe ochulukirapo sachititsa mantha ambiri. Inde, m'mimba ndiye woimira wamkulu wa gulu lake ku Europe (mpaka 1,3 m kutalika !). Pakalipano, nkhope yokongola komanso mawonekedwe osavulaza imasokoneza munthu wopanda nzeru. Ganizirani nokha, pokhapokha ngati chilombo chomwe chidatula mitengo Ndi mano zitha kukhala zopanda vuto? Ndi zimenezo!
Ndiye amene adayenera kuyika nyenyezi mu kanema "Nsagwada" mmalo mwa shaki zina kumeneko. Ingoyang'anani gawo ili! Wokongoletsayo amawugwiritsa ntchito ngati unyolo. Kugwetsa mtengowo, chilombocho chimapuma ndi zitsulo zake zam'mwamba mu khungwa lake ndikuyamba kusuntha mwachangu nsagwada yake yotsika mbali ndi mbali. Mphindi m'mimba amapanga 300 mayendedwe mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo! Zosadabwitsa kuti mitengo yazaka mazana ambiri imakhala yozunzidwa ndi mitengo iyi.
Nthawi zina, okonda mitengo ya mitengo ikuluikulu amakhala otentheka, ndipo nkhalangoyi imasanduka chiphokoso. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi izi ... munthuyo . Chifukwa chake, banja lokondweretsa lidalanda dziko lonse lapansi Chigawo cha Kingisepp (dera la Leningrad). Zochita za ngwazi zathu zidadzetsa kusefukira kwamadzi. Ndipo madziwo, adasokoneza othandizira amitengo yamagetsi kudutsa m'nkhalangomo. Koyamba pa njira yathu anthu adagwa machitidwe akumatauni, osati nyama!
Zipika za Beaver zimadulidwa pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba pakhomo kachiwiri pa hawk. Musakhale opusa, chifukwa nyamayo imasankha miyala yolimba: oak ndi alder . Mitengo yofewa imapita kukadyetsa: birch, msondodzi, popula - Nayi nkhomaliro ya chakudya chamagulu antchito akhama.
Beavers moyo monogamous . Koma zimangofika pa zachikondi kumapeto kwa dzinja, kwa nthawi yonse pakhosi la banja lokoma kutalikirana 2 mpaka 12 spinogryz. Banja lokondweretsa limatenga gawo lawolawo, komwe limagwira ntchito yomanga kuti lizipanga kanyumba kowoneka bwino, osakhala kunyanja, koma pafupi ndi mtsinje.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za zida zotchuka. Mudzadabwitsidwa, koma okongoletsa ndiwo kutali nthawi zonse. M'mphepete mwa phirili, abwenzi athu aang'ono amatha kukhazikika m'mizere. Pazosinjira zokha zokha pomwe nyama zimavumbula nzeru zawo zopanga, kupanga bandurin kuchokera kumitengo ndi nthambi pakati pa posungira. Zomwe zili mdzenje, khomo la khomo ndi chiyani? pansi pa madzi . Chifukwa chake mapikisowo anatha kubisira mfundo yawo yachisanu kwa adani.
Koma kuchokera m'mbiri yachilengedwe, tikudziwa mulingo wamadzi - mosiyanasiyana . Beavers idalowa izi ngakhale osadziwa maphunziro a kusukulu yonse. Ndipo nzosadabwitsa. Ngati makoswe ochulukirapo aganiza zomanga nyumba pamalo opangira magetsi osagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro atatu apamwamba, chifukwa cha ntchito zoyambira ngati mkombero wamadzi mu chilengedwe, sangafunikire mafotokozedwe.
Inde inde zili pafupi madamu . Ntchito za uinjiniya zimapangidwa poganizira zinthu zonse zobisika: kuchokera kusefukira mpaka madzi osefukira . Kufunitsitsa kusunga khungu lawo lopanda madzi m'makola awa ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti si nthambi ndi ndodo zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mitsinje yamkuntho kwambiri, nyama imatha kugwiritsa ntchito miyala, yolemera yomwe, nthawi zina, imafikirako 15-18 makilogalamu !
Ndikosavuta kulingalira kuti kusintha kotereku kumakhala ndi zotsatira, kuwonjezera apo, ndi chizindikiro kuphatikiza . Ndi mphamvu zawo zazing'ono, zokongoletsera pangani biotope yapadera . Nyama zosiyanasiyana, tizilombo, mbalame zimathamangira kumalo obwezera. Kuphatikiza pa zokongoletsera, mavu, nswala, ndi mbewa zimadyetsa pamitengo yakugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, damu limasinthidwa kukhala chojambula. Matope onse amakhalamo, chifukwa chake madzi mumtsinjewo amatsukidwa. Ndipo zoyesayesa zonsezi ndizongowonetsetsa kuti khomo lanyumba ya beaver nthawi zonse limakhalabe pamadzi!
Koma tonse tikudziwa kuti chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ndichoukira. Monga mukumvetsetsa, zokongoletsera sizikhala ndi malingaliro odabwitsa, komanso mphamvu. Muli ndi kuluma kowopsa, makoswe ochulukiratu sachita mantha konse ndi ngozi. Komanso ngwazi yathu komanso Si chiwopsezo chofooka ngakhale homo sapiens. Anthu achi Belarusi adamva mkwiyo wa wopanga wa toothy. Chifukwa chake, wokoka nyama wina adawedza asodzi omwe amafuna kujambulidwa ndi nyama. Makoswe amayamwa amuna ndipo amakhala okwiya.
Inde, zachisoni. Koma nyama yamtchire, yokhala ngati makoswe, imakhalabe yamtchire. Mwambiri, zodzikongoletsera ndizabwino anyamata. Ndipo munkhani imodzi kuzizira kwawo konse sikokwanira. Madalitso omwe ali kanemayo ! Tidzakhala okondwa ngati mutayang'ana nkhani yatsopano ya amuna okongola awa yathu YouTube !
Mangiranani, zolembetsa - chithandizo cha wolemba.
Gawani malingaliro anu mu ndemanga, timawerenga nthawi zonse.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
M'magulu ampikisano kumadula amaganiza pafupifupi woimilira wamkulu. Mu Eastern Hemisphere, ilibe ofanana kukula. Koma ku West kokha capybara titha kufananizidwa ndi iwo - nyama, yomwe pakati pamipango ya mapulaneti onse ndiwopambana kukula.
Koma za okongoletsa, iwo omwe amakhala m'chigawo cha Eurasia ali ndi mita, ndipo kupitirira pamenepo, kukula, kulemera kwawo kufika 32 kg. Komabe, ku Canada kuli nthumwi za banja lanjala ndipo ndizokulirapo. Kulemera kwa okalamba kumatha kufika 45 kg.
Chithunzicho, chimakhala chowalaula wamba
Ndipo si choncho zokongoletsa The New Worlds ali kukula kwakukulu (nthawi zambiri zosiyana), amangokula muubwana, komanso moyo wonse, chifukwa chake, pamsinkhu amatha kutulutsa milingo yakulemera. Nthawi yomweyo, pamipikisano ya zinyama zamtunduwu zomwe zimakhala pamakondomu onsewa, ndizofanizira hafu ya akazi yomwe imawongolera muchilichonse, kuphatikiza kukula komanso kukula.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuti makolo akale a zodzikongoletsa zamakono - zolengedwa zomwe zidachokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana ku Asia kapena North America kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Eocene (zaka 40 miliyoni zapitazo) ndipo zidakhalapo Padziko lapansi pambuyo pake, zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu pafupifupi mamilimita atatu (kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 350 (izi ndizodziwika bwino) zifanizo zakale za nthawi zomwe amaphunzira ndi akatswiri a paleontologists).
Beaver amakono ali ndi izi. Thupi lake limawoneka lalitali chifukwa cha miyendo yayifupi, ndipo miyendo imakhala ndi zala zisanu zokhala ndi zala zamphamvu. Mutu wa nyama ndi wocheperako, kupukutira ndi kotakata, pamphumi ikuyenda.
Maso amadzindikiritsidwa m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono akuda, monga mphuno yayikulu. Makutu a beaver ndi otakata, aafupi, ngati kuti afesedwa. Izi ndi zolengedwa zopanda madzi am'madzi, chifukwa chake mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe omwe amawathandiza kukhala mwamtendere m'malo ano.
Koposa zonse, ndi mapazi opindika komanso mchira wautali wopota, wokutidwa ndi ubweya wocheperako komanso mamba owala, komanso pafupifupi ubweya wopanda madzi. Wotsirizayo amakhala ndi undercoat yofewa, pamwamba pomwe imakhuthala komanso tsitsi la coarser limakula. Ubweya wake ndi wonyezimira komanso wokongola kwambiri; umatha kukhala wakuda, mgoza mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena bulauni.
Mitundu ya zakumwa
Banja la okonza m'nthawi za prehistoric limayimiridwa mochuluka kwambiri kuposa pano. Koma lero zikuphatikiza mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe tanena kale pamwambapa, chifukwa imagawidwa ndendende ndi malo okhala.
Wokongoletsa mtsinje
Izi ndi mitundu ya ku Europe ndi ku Canada. Zitha kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, ndikumanenanso kuti zonsezo ndizophatikizidwa. Mpaka pano, pakati pa makoswe, monga genetics yazindikira, ma bea alibe abale apamtima, ngakhale kuti m'mbuyomu ankawaganizira kuti ndi gawo lama protein.
- Mtsinje (wamba) wamchere - monga momwe zimakhalira kutchula mitundu ya ku Europe. Amapezeka ku Russia, amakhalanso ku China ndi Mongolia. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi malo osungira nkhalangoyi (maiwe, dziwe kapena mitsinje yokhala chete), m'mphepete mwake muli mitengo yambiri yamitengo.
- Mbidzi ya ku Canada imakhala kumwera kwa Canada komanso kumayiko ena a USA. Chochititsa chidwi, osati kale kwambiri, mitunduyo idalowa (makamaka, idalowetsedwa) ku Scandinavia. Pamenepo adazika mizu ndikuyamba kufalikira kummawa. Oimira izi, komanso mitundu yam'mbuyomu, amakhala pafupi ndi madzi ndipo sangakhalepo popanda iwo. Ndi chifukwa ichi chomwe amakhala gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo.
M'mawonekedwe, ziwalo zonse ziwiri ndizofanana. Koma okhala mu Old World ali ndi mutu wokulirapo komanso wopendekera mozungulira, phokoso, poyerekeza ndi abalewo, ndilofupikitsa, osati lolemera kwambiri pansi, mchira wopapatiza ndi miyendo yaying'ono. Thupi laanthu okhala ku America ndilowera, makutu amakhala akulu ndipo miyendo ndiyotalikirapo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyenda ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira.
Wokongoletsa ku Canada
Pakufufuza kwa mitundu iwiriyi, kusiyana kwachilengedwe kunalinso kofunika. Chiwerengero cha ma chromosomes awo (48 mu mtsinje ndi 40 ku Canada) sichikugwirizana, zomwe zikufotokoza kuti sizingatheke kudutsa mitundu iwiriyi zokhudzana koyamba, ngakhale kuti sizinachite bwino ndi asayansi mobwerezabwereza.
Zaka zana zapitazo, nthumwi za anyani izi zinali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutha. Anthu opanga ma Russia anali osiyana ndi izi. Koma njira zowateteza zidatengedwa ndikuwathandiza. Tsopano nyama izi zimakhala m'chigawo chachikulu cha dziko lathu, kuyambira ku Siberia mpaka ku Kamchatka.
Moyo & Habitat
Dera lomwe ma bea idakhazikika ndilosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi ena mwa zizindikiro zoonekera kwambiri. M'malo omwe nyama izi zimachita ntchito yake yofunika, nthawi zonse pamakhala mitengo yambiri yodulidwa yokhala ndi chitsulo chatsopano. Ogwira ntchito molimbika amafunika zinthu ngati izi pomanga ndi kupanga. Zachidziwikire, chinthu chofunikira kupezeka kwa ma bea okhala m'dera linalake ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe: nyanja, madzi osungira, mtsinje, kapena ngati mtsinje.
Mwakutero, nyama zam'madzi izi sizingokhala popanda madzi, koma popanda mpweya zimatha kukhala pafupifupi kotala la ola. Chifukwa chake, pangozi iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, kubisala kwa zilombo: nkhandwe, chimbalangondo kapena nkhandwe, izi zimatsikira pansi pamadzi, pomwe zimakhala. Amakhala m'mabanja ambiri okhala ochezeka, ndipo mamembala awo, ngati pakufunika kutero, akhoza kufotokozera anzawo za tsoka lawo lomwe likubwera. Nthawi ngati izi nyama yonyamula akumenyetsa madzi molimba ndi mchira wake. Ndipo chizindikirochi chimadziwika nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku kampani yake, yemwe ali mkati mwa nkhokwe.
Zamoyozi zimagwira ntchito mosatenthetsa nthawi yotentha, koma zimagwira ntchito molangizira dzuwa, ndikugwira ntchito usiku wonse mpaka mbandakucha, ndipo zimapuma masana. Ntchito yawo ndi kugwetsa mitengo ndikumanga. Ndipo pamenepa amathandizidwa ndi mano awo osazolowereka, omwe amatha kudula nkhuni mosavuta. Beaver imatha kugwetsa mtengo wochepa thupi mkati mwa theka la ola, koma nthawi zina imagwira ntchito pamtunda waukulu komanso wokulirapo kwa mausiku angapo motsatana. Nthawi yomweyo, zoyesayesa zake sizikuwoneka zokha, komanso zomveka, ndipo mamita zana kuzungulira ndikumveka kwamawu.
Zoyeserera za nyama izi ndi malo odalirika otetezedwa ku nyengo zoyipa ndi adani. Pomanga nyumba yawo, zolengedwa zotere zimakumbira mabowo, ndikusankha malo okwera amtunduwu m'malo omwe nthaka ndi yolimba. Mizere ya Beaver ili ndi mawonekedwe a maze ovuta. Mphepete mwake mumatha matumba okhala ndi "zipinda zazikulu" zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono. Makoma a nyumbayo amalimbikitsidwa ndi dongo komanso silika, pomwe pansi, ndiko kuti, mtundu wa pansi, wokutidwa ndi zokutira nkhuni.
Nyama zolimbazi zimapanganso nyumba, zomwe ndizopangidwa ndi nthambi, zopangidwa ndi silika ndi dongo. Luso lokometsera mwaluso ndi madamu oyamwa. Zomangidwe zotere nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa pamitsinje, ndipo mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera kumunsi kwa nyamazo. Mfundo yake apa ndikuthandizira kuti mtsinjewo ukhale wopanda ntchito komanso kuti madzi ake asamaoneke pafupi ndi nyumbazo.
Beavers amapanga madamu ochokera pamitengo
Ndipo izi ndizabwino kwambiri pakuchulukitsa chakudya, komanso zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osefukira mdera lomwe zinyama zimakhalamo, zomwe ndi njira yothandiza kuonjezera chitetezo cha moyo. Beavers amapuma mokwanira pantchito yozizira, amakhala nthawi yonse yovuta munyumba yawo ali mtulo. Nthawi zina amatuluka, koma kukangoluma.
Kumbali ina, zodzikongoletsera zimavulaza chilengedwe. Komabe, zimabweretsa zabwino kwambiri ku zachilengedwe. M'malo momwe madamu amangidwa ndipo kusefukira kwamadzi kumachitika, nsomba zambiri zimaswanidwa, tizilombo tomwe timadzi tim'madzi timaberekana bwino komanso madera ambiri amadzi onyowa.
Nyama izi, zowononga, zimawononga mitengo yambiri, koma yambiri yokha yomwe imamera pafupi ndi madzi imagwera. Samadzitengera zochulukirapo. Beavers amagwiritsa ntchito bwino mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yakugwa kuti apange madamu, koma nthambi, mbali zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, masamba ndi makungwa zimagwidwa.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Nyama izi ndizomera kwambiri. Komabe, chakudyacho sichingatchedwe kuti chosauka. Akatswiri a zaumoyo omwe akuphunzira moyo wawo ndi momwe amadya, amati zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi mitundu mazana atatu osiyana kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwa chakudya chambiri komanso chosiyanasiyana ndizotsatira zina zomwe nyama izi zimachita, ndikusankha malo omwe zimakhala. Poyerekeza makungwa akugwira ntchito, amakonda kudya phwando la msondodzi, linden, silo, birch, popula, alder ndi kuwononga mitengo ina yambiri. Amadyanso sorelo, kambuku, sedge, mabango, amakonda kwambiri maluwa a madzi.
Beavers ndi banja kwambiri, amasamala zaumoyo wa mabanja, chifukwa chake amasungira malo ambiri nthawi yachisanu. Amayika nthambi zamitengo pansi pa posungira, pomwe amapanga "cellars". Banja lalikulu la okongoletsa limatha kusungiramo zakudya zopitilira mazenera ambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti zomwe zili mchipindamo zimatengedwa ndi mtsinje. Ndipo nyama zimayenera kusiya malo okhala abwino ndi kupita kukazizira kukafuna chakudya. Izi sizosangalatsa, komanso zowopsa, chifukwa m'nthawi yanjala ngati imeneyi, nyama zodyedwa, mwachidziwikire mimbulu, ndizosavuta kukhala.
Anthu amatha kukhala owopsa chifukwa cha nyama izi zomwe zimagwira ntchito molimbika komanso zopanda vuto. Beaver Hunt Imayamba mwalamulo ku Russia kuyambira nthawi yophukira ndipo imapitilira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mafani a ntchitoyi, omwe ali ambiri, awona kuti zolengedwa izi ndizosamala kwambiri. Kusaka kwawo kumachitika bwino ndi mfuti.
Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito msampha wogwira nyama, ndiye kuti ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali umatha kuwonongeka kwambiri. Nyama ya nyama izi ndi yofiira ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndioyenera kuidya. Chimakoma ngati kalulu pakamwa. Komabe, imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kenakake, chifukwa chake kaphatikizidwe kabwino kamakonzekera.
Zikopa za nyama zakufa nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa kwa furriers. Chovala chofewa cha Beaver imawoneka yapamwamba, imawoneka yapamwamba ndipo imatha kutentha. Amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, zogwirizana ndi malamulo onse osungira komanso kuvala, zitha kukhala zaka makumi angapo. Kuyambira kalekale, anthu opanga ma beau akhala akusaka nyama ndi ubweya wofunda. Koma kupatula izi, zonunkhira ndi mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa ndege. Ichi ndi chiyani
Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyama izi zimakhala ndi chiwalo chapadera chomwe chimapezeka m'chigawo cham'mimba chamanthawi. Kunja, zili ngati matumba awiri olumikizana, ndikupanga chinsinsi chapadera. Izi ndizonunkhira kwambiri, chifukwa chake okongoletsa omwe amawugwiritsa ntchito polemba gawo lawo. Komabe, anthu kalelo adazindikira kuti ili ndi mphamvu yochiritsa. Koma madotolo amakono atsimikizira izi.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mwambo wokomera nyemba za Beaver umachitika mu theka lachiwiri la dzinja. Ndipo anthu oyamwa, omwe amatha kupitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amabadwa patatha miyezi itatu (mu beaan beavers, mimba imatenga nthawi yayitali). Ana awa ndi akhungu ndipo akulemera pafupifupi mapaundi. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yonse yotentha pachaka mkaka wa m'mawere, amayamba kulemera msanga. Komabe, nyengo yozizira isanayambike, ma beaver sanakhwime msanga, chifukwa chake nthawi yozizira limodzi ndi makolo awo.
Zovala zazing'ono
Ndipo pokhapokha pakukula kwazaka ziwiri, kumatha kukhala ndi kudziyimira pawokha, komanso kufunafuna ndikukonzekera magawo atsopano. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ma bea achikazi, monga anthu, ali ndi chikhalidwe chonyamula ana awo m'manja, kapena m'malo mwake, amawagwira m'manja. Nyama zimagwiritsanso ntchito miyendo imeneyi zikagwira ntchito, kupanga zaluso zake zaluso, ndichifukwa chake ndizosiyana ndi nyama.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuti msinkhu wa zolengedwa izi umatsimikiziridwa mosavuta ndi mano. Zipangizozi, zoperekedwa ndi chilengedwe, zimagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa okongoletsa, motero zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Mwachitsanzo, zopangira zapamwamba ndizomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri pakati pawo. Ndipo akamakula, mano ake amakula. Nthawi yotalikirana ndi nyama zamtchirezi imadziwika ndipo ndi zaka pafupifupi 15.
Zomenyera Zachilengedwe
Beavers amatsogolera zobisika, nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku. Nyama izi ndizodziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yomanga. Ma beaver, ma damu, ndima mobisa, ngalande ndi zomanga zina nthawi zina zimakhala zochititsa chidwi osati zazikulu zokha, komanso matanthauzidwe ena apadera. Mukawona moyo wa okongoletsa, mumazindikira kuti mosakayikira ali ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa komanso zoyambirira zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukwaniritsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, onyamula, pamlingo wina, chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yomanga mitsinje ing'onoing'ono nthawi zina imasandutsidwa malo abwino okhala nyama zooneka ngati ubweya, nsombafowl (zamtundu wa abakha), nsomba ndi oimira ena a nyama .
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Kodi ma beawa amawoneka bwanji?
Chidwi ndi zokongoletsa
Maonekedwe achilendo a beaver ndi mchira wake wachilendo, wofanana ndi gawo la oar lomwe likhala mlengalenga yopingasa. Mosiyana ndi mutu ndi torso, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi kansalu kakang'ono pansi komanso kumera tsitsi lakunja, mchira wa beaver umakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono a rhomboid horny. Ndipo, ubweya utateteza beaver modalirika kuzizira ndipo, kwakukulu, kuchokera pakuvulala mwamagetsi, mchira umakhala nthawi yomweyo wowongolera pomwe chilombo chikuyenda m'madzi, ndikuthandizira pamene ikudulira mitengo, komanso beacon yomwe ikugunda madzi, wakudzu amachenjeza abale awo za ngoziyi. Pomaliza, ndi chiwalo chomwe chimathandiza kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi kudzera pakupendekera ndi kukula kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
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Nyengo zazingwe
Kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ya beaver ndizosiyana kwambiri. Zakutsogolo ndizifupi, zachangu, zopanda mawonekedwe, zimagwira ntchito yokongoletsa osati kungoyenda, komanso kuthandizira kukumba mabowo, kugwira nthambi, mitengo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madamu ndi ma huts. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yotalikirapo, yokhala ndi ulusi wamkopa, ndiye gawo lalikulu loyendetsa beaver m'madzi. Pa chala chachiwiri cha mwendo uliwonse wakumbuyo pali chovala chakala, chomwe chili ndi mbale ziwiri zolimba. Ndi zofunda izi, ma beavers amaphatikiza tiziromboti zakunja kuchokera pachivundikiro cha ubweya ndi ma tweezers ndikuzikonza.
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Mtundu wa Beaver
Mtundu wa ubweya wovekedwa ku Europe umachokera ku ma toni akuda pang'ono mpaka bulauni ndi wakuda. Nyama zamtundu wakuda ndizofunika kwambiri. Akatswiri adapezanso kuti
Kuchokera kwa makolo akuda okha ndiye wakuda wakubadwa yemwe azabadwa, kuchokera ku bulawuni wowala wokhawokha, makolo otayidwa ndi utoto wakuda kapena utoto wosiyanasiyana wopatsa utoto amapatsa ana obiriwira mitundu yonse ya mitundu ya makolo ndi makolo awo.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Beaver
Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri amadziwa za nyamayi pongomva. Si aliyense amene angatchule dzina lake molondola. Mwachitsanzo, liwu loti "beaver" limasokonezeka ndi "beaver." Pakadali pano, liwu lachiwiri limayimira dzina la ubweya wa nyama iyi. Ngakhale palibe amene amatsatira malamulowa mu chilankhulo choyankhulidwa.
Kanema: Beaver
Banja la beaver limadziwika kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Amadziwika pafupifupi genera 22, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba izi mitundu ya nyama imapezeka ku Asia. Mitundu ina inali yayikulu kwambiri. Mpaka nthawi yathu ino, zotsalira zomwe akatswiri asayansi atero ku Eocene zasungidwa.
Chovala chodziwika bwino kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake omwe adasowa kalekale, ndi chimphona chomwe chidalipo ku Pleistocene. Sayansi ikudziwa ziwiri zamitundu iyi - Siberian Trogontherium cuvieri, komanso North American Castoroides ohioensis.
Ngati kuwerengera kunachitika molondola, malingana ndi malonjezo a chigaza, kukula kwa nyamayo kufika pa 2.75 m, ndipo kulemera kwake konse kunali 350-360 kg. Ndiye kuti, anali ofanana kukula ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira. Mitundu yamakono ya maiwe inkakhala ku Europe ndi Asia, pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kuli nkhalango. Koma pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, nyama iyi padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ubweya wake wamtengo inali itatsala pang'ono kutha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Beaver
Masiku ano m'chilengedwe mungapeze mitundu iwiri yokha ya beaver. Tikuyankhula za beaver wamba, yemwe amatha kupezeka kudera la Eurasia, komanso mitundu ya Canada yomwe imakhala ku North America. M'mawonekedwe awo, palibe kusiyana pakati pawo. Ndipo ali ofanana kwambiri mumakhalidwe, ali ndi miyeso yofanana.
Koma, monga momwe kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyezera, kusiyana pakati pawo kumawonedwa pamlingo wamtundu. Beaver yaku Europe ili ndi ma chromosomes 48, ndipo wachibale wawo wochokera ku America ali ndi 40. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu iwiriyi siyingadutse mwanjira iliyonse kuti ikabereka mitundu yatsopano.
Zina mwa zomwe zimakonzedwazo zimatha kusiyanasiyana potengera mawonekedwe ake komanso mawonekedwe ake:
- ngati simungaganizire kutalika kwa mchira wake, nyamayo imatha kukula mpaka mita imodzi.
- kutalika kwa mchira kungakhale kuchokera pa 0.4 mpaka 0,5 m,
- Ngati ndi mwana wachinyamata wolemera, kulemera kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala 30-32 kg,
- nkhalamba imatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 45,
- Kutalika kwa moyo wake ndi pafupifupi zaka 15 mpaka 15,
- chinyama chotere sichisiya kukula mpaka kufa. Tikayerekezera wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, ndiye kuti chachikazi chimakhala chokulirapo.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa beaver nthawi zambiri umakhala bulauni. Koma zonse zimatengera zaka zake, kuti ubweya ukhoza kukhala wofiyira kapena wakuda kwathunthu. Nyama izi zimakonda kumusamalira, kuphatikiza nthawi zonse. Kuti achite izi, amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, yomwe ili ndi zikhadabo. Pakuphatikiza, ubweya umaphimbidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi chinsinsi chapadera cha mafuta. Chifukwa cha izi, "malaya aubweya" wa beaver samanyowa ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali madzi.
Ubweya wamtsinje wa mtsinjewo umakhala ndi mitundu iwiri: Tsitsi lakunja lolimba, komanso lofewa komanso nthawi imodzimodzi. Ichi ndiye chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha nyama ku hypothermia.
Koma wokondayo amakhala ndi chitetezo china ku chimfine - nkhungu yosanjikiza yamafuta amkati. Mutu wa nyama poyerekeza ndi thupi, ndi waukulu. Phokoso laling'ono ndi laling'ono, ndipo maso okhala ndi makutu ndi ochepa. Chofunikira kwambiri cha nyamayi ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zopangira. Ndipo mano ake ndi achilendo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kudzilimbitsa, ndipo amakula moyo wake wonse. Mawamba ake ndi opinda mamiyala asanu, okhala ndi nembanemba, chifukwa chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kuti asunthire m'madzi. Ndipo zikhadabo sizikulu zokha, komanso zozungulira. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakula kwambiri kuposa kuwalako.
Gawo lachiwiri la beaver ndi mchira wake, womwe umawoneka ngati bwato. Iye ndiwofewa kwathunthu, komanso wokutidwa osati ndi ubweya, koma ndi mamba wandiweyani wakuda. Pakati pa mchira wonse pamadutsa "keel" wopatsa chidwi. M'lifupi mwake mchira umatha kufika 13 cm, ndipo m'madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zinthu mwachangu komanso posambira.
Kodi wokondayo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: European Beaver
Beavers amawonedwa ngati makoswe am'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa amatha kukhala pamtunda kapena pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amangosambira, ngakhale amatha kubindikira.
Kudera la kontinenti ya ku Europe nyama iyi ikhoza kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana:
- M'mayiko a Scandinavia, popeza kuli nyanja zambiri komanso malo opanda mitengo.
- ku France, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala madera otsika ku Rhone,
- Ku Germany, makamaka za phula la mtsinje wa Elbe,
- ku Poland, nthawi zambiri chidebe cha Vistula.
Ngati titenga nawo chidwi mayiko omwe kale anali USSR, ndiye kuti ma beaver amapezeka ku Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi gawo lankhondo ku Europe la zigawozi.
Popeza nyamayi imatetezedwa lero, ikhoza kupezeka pafupifupi m'chigawo chonse cha Russia. Imapezeka ku China komanso ku Mongolia. Kuti mudziwe malo okhala panganoli ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kuwona ngati pali mitengo yakugwa pafupi ndi dziwe, ndipo zonse zimveka bwino. Koma malo odulidwa okha ndi omwe ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Zidutswa zochokera kumitengo yakugwa ndi nthambi zimapanga mtundu wamadzi. Uwu ndi umboni kuti makoko otere ali kwinakwake pompano.
Koma kukumana ndi nyumba ya owongolera ndichabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amabisala modalirika kuti isaonekere kunja. Amamanga m'malo ovuta kufikirako, ndipo amakhala pamenepo ndi banja lonse. Kwa malo awo, mitsinje imasankhidwa, koma pang'onopang'ono. Mitsinje ndi nyanja ndizoyeneranso.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amapewanso malo okhala kwambiri. Amatha kupezeka kokha pomwe mitengo yambiri ndi zitsamba zimamera. Ngati ndi mtsinje, ndiye kuti uyenera kuyenderera m'nkhalango. Kapena osachepera pagombe pazikhala mitengo yambiri. Ngati nthawi yozizira ili dziwe ikutsikira pansi, pamenepo simudzapeza wokongoletsa.
Kodi chakumwa chakudyacho chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Beaver
Koma kukhalapo kwa madzi sikokwanira kuti anyani azikhala pano. Kwa moyo wawo wonse mufunika chakudya chochuluka. Nyama izi ndi zamasamba, osamadya nyama iliyonse. Zakudya zawo zazikulu ndi khungwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo ndi tchire zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu, yomwe imakondedwa kwambiri ndi ma beaver ndi birch, aspen, msondodzi, komanso popula. Ndipo ngati linden ikukula, makungwa ake ndi abwino kudya.
Ponena za herbaceous zomera, kuzitchula mayina sizikumveka. Bulrush, sedge, nettle - iyi ndi gawo chabe la zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Malinga ndikuwona kwa asayansi pa ma bea omwe amakhala mu ufulu, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu 300 ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana kuti adye. Kupatula apo, tikulankhula za zomera zam'madzi komanso zam'mlengalenga zokha.
Koma apa pofotokoza momveka chimodzi chofunikira kupangidwa: ma bea amasankha mitundu ya mitengo yofewa ngati chakudya. Ngakhale ndizotheka kukumana ndi mitengo yazitondo yoyera ndi alder, ndipo podula ndiwowonekeratu kuti iyi ndi ntchito ya ophika, koma sagwiritsa ntchito mitengoyo ngati chakudya, koma pomanga nyumba kapena damu. Mwa njira, akumanga kuti nyumba yawo ikhale pamadzi nthawi zonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, amayesa kupewa malo omwe madzi amatsamira ndipo malo akukhalapo.
Wokongoletsa zakudya atasankha mitundu ingapo ya mitengo, ndiye kuti sangasinthe kadyedwe kake. Amakonda kwambiri ma acorn, chifukwa cha mano ake, amatha nawo mosavuta. M'nyengo yotentha, amadya mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo kumapeto amayamba kukolola chakudya m'nyengo yachisanu.
Nthawi zambiri amayesa kuyika nthambi m'madzi kuti athe kulowa. Izi zimachitika makamaka pamene dziwe layamba kuzizira. Pa banja limodzi mudzafunika chakudya chochuluka, chomwe chimasefukira madzi. Ndipo ngakhale padzakhala pali ayezi pamwamba, kuyambira panyumba yomwe ili pansi pa madzi padzakhalabe chakudya.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Beaver European
Wofunda amatha kusambira m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Pamtunda, pang'onopang'ono, simayenda bwino. Koma m'madzi amamva ufulu wonse. Mukasambira, imatha kupitilira mphindi 15 pansi pa madzi. Mukamadumphira m'madzi, ma auricles ndi ndima am'mphuno amatsekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi septum yapadera. Ndipo maso adaphimbidwa ndi kanema wowonekera. Chifukwa cha izi, wowotcayo amawona bwino pansi pamadzi. Mtunda wautali ukhoza kusambira pansi pa madzi - mpaka 1 km.
Wokongoletsayo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake okonda mtendere, amayesa kuthawa pakakhala vuto. Koma ngati palibe pothawira, akhoza kumenya nkhondo yoopsa, kenako mdani sangagwe.
Nyama ikaona, ikumva (ngakhale ili ndi makutu ang'ono, koma makutu ake ndi abwino kwambiri) kapena imakhala pachiwopsezo, imayesera kulowa pansi pamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, amayesa kumenya mbama kwambiri ndi mchira wake wonse. Izi sizoyambira kukakamira, koma makamaka kuchenjeza za chiwopsezo cha abale awo. Ndipo pokhapokha ngati pakufunika mpweya, mutu wake umawoneka pamwamba pamadzi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa: Beaver ndi nyama yokhayo pakati pa makoswe onse omwe amatha kuyenda miyendo yonse inayi ndi kumbuyo. Momwemo, amatha kunyamula miyala pomanga nyumba yake.
Nyemba ndi nyama yoyera kwambiri. M'nyumba mwake simudzawonamo zinyalala zilizonse. Amanga nyumba yake mwanjira yoti ngakhale ku chisanu choopsa kwambiri kuzikhala kutentha kwina. Mutha kumvetsetsa komwe makoko awa amabisala, chifukwa cha banja lomwe limatuluka pamabowo omwe adatseka nyumba iyi. Mwa njira, amayesa kutenthetsa bwino. Kuti achite izi, amabweretsa dongo lakutsogolo, ndipo amaphimba nthambi pamwamba. Amachoka kunyumba kwawo kutacha, ndipo amagwira ntchito mpaka m'mawa. Mano awo ndi owala kwambiri kotero kuti thunthu la aspen, lomwe limakwana mpaka 15 masentimita, munthu wolumayo amatha kuluma kwathunthu pakangotha ola limodzi.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Beaver
Masana, beaver ali mnyumba mwake. Khomo la pamenepo liyenera kubisika pansi pamadzi. Moyo wosangalatsa kwambiri wa banja la nyama izi.
Zinthu zingapo titha kuzilemba apa:
- munthu wodziyamwa amatha kukhala yekha, kapena banja lonse,
- pankhani yaubanja, matriarchy amalamulira kuno,
- Mwamuna ndi mkazi atalowa, amakhala limodzi mpaka kumapeto.
- ngati m'modzi mwa awiriwa afa kale, wachiwiriyo sayambitsa banja,
- Izi makoko amangokhala pansi pamadzi, ndipo izi zimachitika mu Januwale kapena Febere.
Mfundo yomaliza ikusonyeza kuti mating nthawi zambiri amachitika pansi pa madzi oundana. Pambuyo pa miyezi 3.5, ma cubs amawoneka, ndipo amatha kukhala kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 6 zidutswa. Mu banja limodzi, anawo amakhala zaka ziwiri, kenako ndikunyamuka. Chilimwe chonse pambuyo pobadwa, amadya mkaka wa amayi awo. Ndipo nthawi yozizira imabwera, ndipo amapeza kulemera kokha, akudya makungwa ndi nthambi za mbewu zomwe zakonzedwa kale ndi makolo.
Dziwe laling'ono, banja limodzi lokha limakhala pamenepo. Ndipo ngati yakula kapena ngati ili pafupi ndi mtsinje, apa mutha kukumana kale ndi mabanja angapo. Koma pakati pa nyumba zawo mtunda wosachepera 300 m uyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Ndipo nthawi zina, ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira, chimatha kupitirira 3 km. Beavers amayesa kuchoka pagombe osaposa 200 m.
Adani achilengedwe onyamula
Chithunzi: European Beaver
Asayansi apeza kuti ma beawa amalankhulana.Mwanjira imeneyi, iwo amafalitsa zambiri, ndipo choyamba tikulankhula za kuwoneka ngati ngozi.
Kuyankhulana kumachitika motere:
- malo ena amasankhidwa,
- mchira umagunda madzi
- kukuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, china chowonjezera ngati mzungu.
Pakakhala nyama kapena nyama yam'madzi yozungulira, yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi madzi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiriyo. Choopsa chakumwa sichimangokhala zilombo zokha, komanso mpikisano ndi matenda. Nthawi zambiri amadwala chifukwa chodya chipolopolo. Izi zimachitika pomwe makoswe amadya mbewu zam'madzi. Vuto lalikulu limayimilidwa ndi kusefukira kwa nthawi yozizira komanso kusefukira kwamadzi. Kenako mpaka 50% ya ziweto zitha kufa.
Pakati pa omwe akupikisana nawo ndikofunikira kuwunikira osati hare wa khola la bulauni, komanso ngwazi yofiira ndi elk. Nyama izi zimadyetsanso makungwa a mitengo ndi mphukira zazomera zazing'ono. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamitengo yomwe wokokayo adagwa. Koma kuphatikiza ochita nawo mpikisano, amakhalanso ndi adani achilengedwe. Tikulankhula za mimbulu, nkhandwe ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira. Ndipo ngati nkhandwe ndi lynx zikukhala m'nkhalangomo, ndiye kuti zimatsutsa wolipirawo. Agalu osochera amabweretsanso mavuto ambiri. Koma achichepere amatha kudyedwa ndi pike komanso kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga. Koma mdani wamkulu ndi bambo yemwe wakhala akusaka makoswe awa pakhungu kwa zaka zoposa zana. Koma posachedwa, kuwonongeka kwamadzi kwadzetsa mavuto ambiri kwa iye, ndipo anthu nawonso ndi amene ayenera kulakwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: West Siberian River Beaver
Nyemba zimatha kuvulaza anthu. Mwachitsanzo, madamu omwe akumanga amatsogolera kusefukira kwa nthaka yaulimi. Ndipo palinso zochitika pamene osati misewu yokha, komanso njanji za sitima zidawonongeka. Pankhaniyi, zisankho zidapangidwa pakuwonongeka kwa nyumba zomangidwa ndi anthu onyumwa. Komabe izi sizipereka zambiri, chifukwa madamu adawonekanso mwachangu kwambiri.
Kusaka kwa Beaver kunachitika (ndipo ngakhale pakali pano pali olemba ndakatulo) pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- Ubweya ndi wapamwamba kwambiri,
- Nyama imatheka, idyedwa,
- "Beaver river" ndi wabwino pakupanga mitundu ina ya zonunkhira.
Komanso "beaver river" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Chifukwa chaichi, zaka zana zapitazo, banja lodzikongoletsa linali pafupi kuzimiririka padziko lapansi. Komabe, musaiwale kuti nyamazo zimakhala ndi phindu pa chilengedwe cha malo omwe zimapezeka. Madamu omwe amawapangira amachita zabwino zambiri kuposa zovulaza. Chifukwa cha izi, madzi amayeretsedwa, mpweya wake umasowa.
Chenjerani
Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Beaver
Chifukwa chofufuza zakumwa, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri. Pali zodalirika kuti podzafika 1918 panali anthu osapitilira 1000 amitundu iyi. Inali panthawiyi pomwe adalembedwa mu Red Book. Boma la Soviet linaganiza zolimbana ndi chipulumutso chawo. Pofika mu 1920, m'malo omwe anthu odulira zitsulo amakhalabe osungidwa, malo osungirako anayamba kuwoneka komwe kunali koletsedwa kusaka.
Nyama izi zika kuchuluka kwambiri m'malo osungirako, ena mwa iwo adayamba kutumizidwa kumadera ena adzikoli. Pofika 1930s, anali atawonekera kale m'magawo 48. Chilichonse chinali ndi cholinga chobwezeretsa chiwerengero cha anthu okongola.
Ndi kugwa kwa USSR, njirayi sinayime, ndipo lero ku Russia akukhala kale m'magawo 63. Ponena za gawo la Ukraine, ngakhale ku Kievan Rus malamulo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asunge nyama zamtunduwu. Kuyambira XI, mndandanda wazikhalidwe zomwe wasungidwa wasungidwa, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ndi nyama ziti zoletsedwa kusaka. Ndipo pakati pa mndandandawu onyamula amatchulidwanso.
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa anthu okongola mtima kuyambiranso. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi sichimangokhala kusaka kosaloledwa, komanso chifukwa chakuti kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumachitika. Zowona, olosera asanafike ku Polesie ndi Chernobyl. Pakadali pano, zoyesayesa zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kuti wokomayo abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa anthu, tikukhulupirira kuti kuyesayesa kwabala zipatso.
Habitat
Beavers ndi a banja la a Castaridae, kuphatikiza mtundu wokha wa Castor ndi mitundu iwiri yokha:
- beaver wamba (Castor fiber) (aka mtsinje kapena kummawa),
- Can beanver beaver (aka North American) (Castor canadensis).
Masiku ano, ma bea aku North America amapezeka ku kontrakitala yonse, kuyambira pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Mackenzie ku Canada kumwera mpaka kumpoto kwa Mexico. Koma sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. Anthu akhala akusaka nyama kwazaka zambiri chifukwa cha nyama, ubweya, komanso mtsinje wa beaver. Zotsatira zake, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Canada kudakhala kotsutsa, ndipo m'malo awo okhala ambiri adawonongedwa, makamaka kummawa kwa United States. Mabungwe aboma ndi oyandikana nawo adapereka chiphokoso, ndipo nyama zinayamba kutumizidwa kuchokera kumadera ena. Adayambitsidwanso ku Finland, Russia, komanso m'maiko angapo a Central Europe (Germany, Austria, Poland). Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu kwambiri za makoswe aku Canada lero zilipo kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Finland.
Zakale zodziwika bwino m'mbuyomu zinkakhala ku Europe ndi North Asia, koma si anthu onse omwe adakwanitsa kukhala ndi moyo pafupi ndi anthu. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, anthu ochepa okhaokha okhala ndi anthu 1200 anali atapulumuka ku France, Norway, Germany, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, China ndi Mongolia.
Chifukwa cha kubwezeretsanso ndi kukhazikitsanso mapulogalamu a nyama izi, zomwe zinayamba kugwira ntchito m'zaka zoyambirira za zana lomaliza, kuchuluka kwa ma beaver pang'onopang'ono kunayamba kukula. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XXI, panali anthu pafupifupi 500-600, ndipo malo awo adakula ku Europe ndi ku Asia.
Mitundu yonseyi imapezeka kudera la Russia lero, ngakhale kuti ndi yemwe amakhala kale. Dera lake limakhala pafupifupi dera lonse la nkhalango ku Russian Federation - kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo kupita kudera la Baikal ndi Mongolia, komanso kuchokera kudera la Murmansk kumpoto kupita ku Astrakhan kumwera. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunduwu udavomerezedwa ku Primorye ndi Kamchatka.
Beaver waku Canada mdziko lathu adawonekera mu 50s ya zaka zapitazi, modzala ndi anthu okhazikika a Karelia ndi Leningrad Region ochokera kumadera oyandikana ndi Finland, ndipo mu 70s chilombochi chidayambitsidwa mu beseni la Amur ndi ku Kamchatka.
Kufotokozera kwa Beaver
Maonekedwe a beaver ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a oyimilira ena a gulu lothamanga, omwe akufotokozedwa ndi njira yamoyo yam'madzi yathu. Kuchokera pakuwoneka wasayansiyo, mawonekedwe odabwitsa a chilombocho ndi zinthu zake zazikulu, mchira wokhazikika komanso miyendo yakumbuyo yokhala ndi kakhalidwe kapadera "kokanda" pachala chachiwiri, komanso mbali zingapo za kapangidwe ka pharynx ndi chimbudzi.
Beavers ndiye ndodo zazikulu kwambiri za zolengedwa za Old World ndi zomata zazikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa ma capybaras aku South America. Thupi la nyamayo ndi squat, wandiweyani, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe, mbali yake yakumbuyo imakulitsidwa, kokha pamizu ya mchiraawo imachepa. Kutalika kwa thupi 80 - masentimita 120. Akuluakulu amalemera pafupifupi 20-30 makilogalamu, kawirikawiri kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 45 kg. Kukula kwa mitundu ya ku Canada ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa masiku onse.
Mutu wocheperako pang'ono wokhala ndi khosi lofatsa komanso lakuda pafupifupi sukutembenuka. Maso ndi ang'ono, ali ndi mwana wowongoka komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino (kuteteza maso pansi pa madzi). Makutu ndi ochepa, osatulutsa ubweya. Makutu ndi mphuno zakunja zimakhala ndi minofu yapadera yomwe imayamba kumizidwa m'madzi. Kutuluka kwa milomo kumatha kutseka zodzilimbitsa, kupatula mkamwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma bea azilimitsa masamba pansi pamadzi osatsegula pakamwa pawo.
Maso a nyama samangoona kusunthasuntha, kupenya kwamaso kopepuka kuposa kungomva bwino komanso kununkhira bwino, komwe ndi mphamvu zazikulu pamtunda.
Mchirawo ndi wosalala, wamtali masentimita 30, mulifupi 13 cm, ndipo wamfupi komanso wofalikira mu beaver waku Canada. Gawo looneka ngati matayala limakulungidwa ndi mamba akulu a horny, pakati pake pali mabatani olimba kwambiri.
Malingaliro a mikono isanu, amafupikitsidwa, komanso ali ndi miyendo yosambira bwino pamiyendo yakumbuyo (pamphumi pawo ali mwana. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yofooka kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama ngati manja - mothandizidwa ndi, beaver imakoka zinthu, kukumba njira ndi mabowo, imapangira chakudya. Chigawo chachikulu cha mayendedwe a nyama ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Pa chala chakumanzere chakumaso kuli chovala chokhala ndi mbali ziwiri, mbali ziwiri zapamwamba - zoloza komanso zochepera - zazitali, zosunthika. Chovala ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilombochi pofuna kukonza ukhondo - chimatsuka ndikusakaniza ubweya ndi iyo mukasungunuka, ndikuchotsa majeremusi.
Ubweya wokongoletsera umakhala wonyezimira mpaka wakuda, nthawi zambiri wofiirira. Nthawi zina anthu a pinto omwe ali ndi mawanga a mithunzi yosiyanasiyana amapezeka. Mkati wamkati ndi wakuda, wakuda. Gawo lakumunsi la thupi ndiensenscent denser.
Zimadziwika kuti mtundu wofiirira womwe ndi wakale kwambiri utoto, udapulumuka nthawi ya ayezi, chifukwa chake zotheka zotere zimatha kuzolowera nyengo yozizira, pomwe anthu amtundu wakuda amapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera chakumwera.
Madamu ndi nyumba
Mwina aliyense wamvapo za luso lodabwitsa lolimbitsa nyamayi. Chifukwa chotopa, okonza ndege adaphunziranso kusintha chilengedwe kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zawo. Madamu omwe amapangira amawonjezera zachilengedwe, amakulitsa malo amadzi, amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi, komanso amasintha mawonekedwe. Monga maziko a damu, mtengo womwe wagwera mumtsinje nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imakhala ndi nthambi, mbali za mitengo yamtengo, miyala, nthaka, masamba, mpaka kutalika kwa damu kupitirira 100 metres (m'mphepete mwa dziwe limatalikirana kwambiri kuposa msewu), ndipo kutalika kumafikira mamita atatu. Potere, kusiyana kwa madzi kumafika pamtunda wa mamita awiri. Zimachitika kuti banjali limamanga madamu angapo nthawi imodzi, chifukwa chotsatira madamu onse amapangidwa. Zodzikongoletsera ndizodzipereka makamaka pakupanga madamu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ngakhale ntchito ingapitirize chaka chonse.
Damu la Beaver
Beavers ndi akatswiri okumba miyala mwaluso. Nthawi zambiri, amakumba mabowo ambiri pamalo abanjapo, omwe atha kukhala makina osavuta kapena ma laboratinth athu onse ochokera kutsogolo kwa mtsinje kapena damu kupita ku chipinda chimodzi kapena zingapo. M'mabotolo ambiri, makokawo amagwiritsa ntchito burrows ngati malo oyambira.
Chimawoneka ngati nyumba yokongoletsera
Njira ina yanyumba yakugombe ndi kanyumba. Zomangira zawo zimamanga m'malo omwe sipangakhale mabowo. Nyamazo zimagwiritsa ntchito chitsa chakale, gombe lotsika kapena kukwera pansi ngati chimbudzi. Kunja, nyumba yotereyi ndi mulu waukulu wa mitengo yaminga, mitengo yazipatso, yomangidwa paliponse ndi dothi, silt, zinyalala za mitengo. Mkati, chipinda chotsekera chakonzedwa, kuchokera pomwe pali gawo pansi pamadzi. Pafupifupi, mainchesi am'nyumba amafikira mamita 3-4. Zovuta zowonjezera zimakhala ndi zipinda zingapo pamlingo wosiyanasiyana. Ma nyalawa amatha kukhala osakhalitsa komanso osatha, ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Zotsirizirazi zimatsirizidwa nthawi zonse ndipo zimatha kufika mainchesi 14 kutalika ndi mamitala awiri kutalika.
Mwa zina zomanga zofunikira kwambiri, kukumba ngalande ndizovuta kwambiri. Ndi kutsogolo kwawo, amaluka silika ndi dothi kuchokera pansi pa mitsinje yaying'ono ndi njira zazitali, kuzitayira kutali ndi njira zawo. Zotsatira zake zimapangitsa kuti nyama zizikhala m'madzi, kuyenda pakati pa madamu kapena malo odyetsa. Nthawi zambiri, makoswe amachita izi m'chilimwe, madzi akakhala ochepa.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ma beaan aku Canada amakhala akhama akhama pantchito komanso omanga kuposa wamba. Nyumba zawo ndizovuta komanso zolimba, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito miyala pomanga.
Zakudya
Beavers ndi nyama zokhazokha zokha. Zomwe chakudya zimasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, maziko a zakudya zawo amapangidwa ndi masamba, mizu, zitsamba, algae. Pofika nthawi yophukira, amasinthana ndi nthambi zoonda za mitengo ndi zitsamba, kusankha spen, msondodzi kapena alder.
Kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala, makoswe amayamba kukolola nkhuni nthawi yozizira. Itha kukhala nthambi zambiri komanso mbali zina za mitengo yayikulu ya buluzi, msondodzi, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, chopota, birch, komanso chiwerengero chochepa cha conifers. Mitengo yodulidwa imadulidwamo tiziduswa tating'onoting'ono ndi zinyama ndikusungidwa pansi pa madzi m'malo ozama pafupi ndi kamakumba ndi pogona. Beaers amatha kusambira kupita kumadzi kwawo osasiya dziwe lotetezeka.
Ngati chakudya chopanda nkhuni chokwanira, nyamazo zimakhutira ndi zomerazo. Nthawi zina anthu amathawidwa m'minda yolimidwa yomwe inali ndi masamba komanso masamba.
Ma bea ambiri aku Europe samasunga nyengo yozizira. M'malo mwake, amapita kunyanja nthawi yozizira kukafunafuna chakudya.
Mtsinje wa Beaver
Chinyama chomwe chimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa "mitsinje ya mbewa" yomwe imapangidwa ndi tiziwisi tambiri. Ndizinthu zovuta kuphatikizira mazana a zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo ma alcohols, phenols, salicylaldehyde ndi castoramine. Dzina lasayansi pazinthu izi ndi castoreum.
Kuyambira kale, mphamvu zochiritsa zauzimu zadziwika kuti ndi mitsinje ya beaver. M'zaka za zana la Y-IY BC Hippocrates ndi Herototus adagwira ntchito yake pochiza matenda ena ake. Ndipo lero chinthu ichi chapeza ntchito pa mankhwala wowerengeka, koma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonunkhira.
Wokongoletsayo yekha amagwiritsa ntchito chinsinsi chake chofukizira polemba chizindikiro. Ma tagu onunkhira ndi njira imodzi yomwe akatswiri athu amasinthanirana chidziwitso. Mitundu yonse iwiri yaku Canada ndi mitsinje imasiya zonunkhira pamiyala yomwe imapangidwa pafupi ndi madzi kuchokera ku silt ndi mbewu zomwe zimakwezedwa pansi pa posungira.
Ubwenzi wapabanja
Nthawi zambiri, ma beawa amakhala m'magulu a mabanja (mabanja), koma pali ena omwe amakonda kukhala pawokha. Pazifukwa zopanda chakudya, kuchuluka kwa nyama imodzi kumatha kufikira 40%.
Banja limakhala ndi banja la achikulire, ma cubs a chaka chamawa, ma cubs a chaka chatha, ndipo nthawi zina wachinyamata m'modzi kapena angapo ochokera kumabwalo am'mbuyomu. Kukula kwa mabanja kumatha kufikira anthu 10-12.
Utsogoleri wolamulira umakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi zaka zaka, ndi udindo wamkulu wa okwatirana. Kuwonekera kwaukali kwakuthupi ndikosowa, ngakhale mabala akumisala amatha kuwoneka m'malo owala akumwa. Izi ndi zotsatira za ndewu ndi alendo osowa kufupi ndi malire.
Zawiri mu makoswe izi ndizokhazikika komanso zimapitilira mu moyo wonse waothandizana. Gulu la mabanja likhazikika, mwanjira ina chifukwa cha kuswana kochepa. Amabweretsa mwana wamwamuna pachaka, mkati mwake kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 5 cubs mu beaver wamba, mu chonde cha Canada ndiwokwera - mpaka ma 8 ana. Komabe, nthawi zambiri mu ana mumakhala ana a 2-3.
Mpikisano umayamba mu Januware (kumwera kwa masheya) ndipo umatha mpaka Marichi. Mimba imatenga masiku 103-110.
Makanda obadwa kumene, owoneka bwino kwambiri, okhala ndi zofunikira zam'munsi. Amayi amadyetsa ana mkaka (womwe umakhala wonenepa kwambiri kuposa mkaka wa ng'ombe) kwa masabata pafupifupi 6, ngakhale ali ndi zaka ziwiri, owolawo amayamba kulawa masamba achifundo omwe amabwera ndi makolo awo. Pazaka 1 zakubadwa, mbadwo wachichepere umayamba kusiya pang'onopang'ono chisa ndikudya pawokha.
Ngakhale anawo ali ocheperako, bambo amakhala nthawi yayitali kuteteza chiwembu: kuyendayenda m'malire ndikusiya ma fungo. Yaikazi panthawiyi yatanganidwa kudyetsa ana ndikuwasamalira. Ana amakula msanga, koma amafunikira miyezi yambiri yochita bwino kuti aphunzire maluso opangira madamu ndi nyumba. Makolo amaphunzitsa kuti azitenga nawo mbali pazinthu zonse za banja, kuphatikizapo zomanga.
Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata amasiya mabanja awo ndikupita kukafunafuna tsogolo lawo kale chaka chachiwiri ndikumakhala moyo wawo wokha mpaka atapeza banja.
Kutha kwa beaver kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, koma zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimayamba kubereka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu za moyo.
Njira yayitali kwambiri yodziwikitsira nyama yachilengedwe ndi zaka 17-18, Canada - zaka 20. Komabe, mu vivo nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka zoposa 10. Zaka zapamwamba kwambiri za zolembera izi zolembedwa pa nazale zidafika zaka 30.
Kulankhulana
Kuphatikiza polemba chizindikirochi, ma beaver amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake pomawomba mchira wawo m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri ndimomwe anthu achikulire amauza alendo kuti adawaona. Makoko omwe adalowa m'dera lomwe mukukhalalamo akuwomba m'manja, kumulola kuti awone kukula kwa zolinga zake komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe akuwopseza.
Njira ina yolumikizirana imadutsa mosiyanasiyana, komanso mawu: nyama zitha kung'ung'uza ndi kulira.
Ubwino ndi zopweteketsa za zakumwa
Monga tanena kale, ma bea omwe amadziwika kuti akufuna kumanga: kukonzekeretsa malo awo, amapanga madamu omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'matupi amadzi. Zotsatira zake, madzi amatha kusefukira madera akuluakulu m'nkhalangoyi ndikuwononga. Madera ndi misewu zitha kuvutika.
Mitu yachiwiri yosatsutsika ndiyoti madamu akuipiraipira momwe nsomba zimatayira, popeza ndi chotchinga chotchingira ma grey, whitefish, nsomba ndi nsomba zokhala trout kuti zizituluka mu mitsinje yaying'ono.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zochitika za nyama izi kuchokera mbali inayo. Kwa nthawi yayitali, madamu a beaver omwe adalipo pamtsinjewo amasungunuka ndikusintha kwamadzi, ndipo izi zimachepetsa mwayi wamadzi osefukira, kusefukira pansi komanso kugumuka kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kufupikitsa nthawi yamadzi a chilimwe, ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa dongosolo la akasupe ndi mitsinje yomwe idawonongeka chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti nkhalango yokhalamo nyama ikhale yodetsa, motero siyingafanane ndi moto wamnkhalango.
Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mitsinje, madamuwo amathandizira kudzikundikira, ndikupanga njira yachilengedwe yachilengedwe yomwe imachotsa zosayenera zoopsa m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi ambiri omwe akung'ambika amapanga mapindu ena, monga, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwachilengedwe.
Beavers imathandizanso kupezeka kwa chakudya cha hares, nguluwe, kudya "zotayidwa" za zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga madamu, ndipo izi, zimakopa nyama zolusa.
Chifukwa chake, makoko awa amatenga gawo lofunikira mu machitidwe am'madzi oyandikira, ndipo munthu amangokulitsa chidziwitso chake pazosowa zawo zachilengedwe ndikupanga njira zomwe zingalole anthu onse komanso opanga mitengo kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe.
Beaver Habitat
Beaever amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja, matamandawa, m'malo amtunda, m'madambo. Pokhala ndi kuchuluka kocheperako, operekawo amakhala ndi mwayi wosankha malo okhalamo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo obisika, opanda phokoso, odzala ndi zipatso zazing'onoting'ono komanso mitengo ina yabwino komanso zitsamba, wokhala ndi udzu wokwanira kudyedwa ndi iwo. Pambuyo pofika kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, ma bea okhala m'malo okhala mitsinje othamanga, m'malo owuma kwambiri, omwe siabwino kukhalamo. Mwachitsanzo,
ku North America, anthu okonza njerwa akhala nthawi yayitali m'malo opanda mitsinje ndi mitsinje yopanda mapiri, akukwera m'mwamba mpaka mamita 3,000 pamwamba pa nyanja.
M'malo omwe m'mphepete mwa dziwe ndilokwera kwambiri, anthu owombetsa akumba okha mabowo. M'malo osungira okhala ndi mabanki otsika, nyama zimakhazikika m'mizu, kukulira m'mphepete mwa mitengo, kapena kumanga nyumbazo.
Mizere ya Beaver imakhala ndi nyumba imodzi kapena zingapo - zowonjezera zam'munsi mobisa zomwe zalumikizidwa ndi matabwa. Zidutsa zapansi panthaka ndizolumikizana movutikira tokhala ndi mainchesi 25-25 masentimita, kutuluka komwe nthawi zambiri kumabisa pansi pa madzi.
Nyumba za Beaver ndimapangidwe opangika ndi zida zamiyendo yamtengo ndi nthambi zamitengo zokutidwa ndi silt. Nthawi zambiri, nyambozi zimatuluka m'malo omwe panali mabowo omwe awonongeka kapena zibowo zowonongeka. Kutuluka kuchokera kumatumba, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala angapo, amabisidwanso pansi pamadzi. Zaka zambiri kumakhala kanyumba komwe okongoletsa amakhala; Akatswiri amayenera kukumana ndi chiuno mpaka mita 1.5-2, kutalika kwa 4-5 mita kapena kupitilira. Mnyumba zotere mumakhala zovala zingapo zokhala ndi beaver pamipando 2-3. Ngati banja labwino limakhala dziwe kwa nthawi yayitali, limatha kukhala ndi mabowo pafupifupi 10 kapena nyumba ziwiri zokhalamo ziwiri, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mabowo ndi ma cob.
M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha m'zipinda zogona sikukwera pamwamba + madigiri 2222, ndipo nthawi yozizira samatsika madigiri -4. Kusintha kocheperako kakang'ono kwambiri komwe kumawonedwa mnyumba za anthu owaluka kuposa momwe zimakhalira kunja kumaloleza nyamazo, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kuzizira, kuti zizitha kukhala kutali kwambiri ndi Arctic Circle.
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Makhalidwe a Beavers
Beavers amakhala m'mabanja, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nyama ziwiri zazikulu, ana a chaka chamakono cha kubadwa komanso a chaka chatha. Pazonse, banja limatha kukhala ndi nyama 6-8. Ana azaka 2, monga lamulo, amasiya makolo awo mu kasupe, nthawi zina nthawi ya kugwa, ndikupanga kukhazikika kwawo. M'malo okhala ndi malo ochepa oti banja lakhazikitsidwe likhoza kupezeka mu banja la nyama ziwiri kapena ziwiri zakubadwa. Mu banja lotere mumatha kukhala okongoletsa 16. Osatengera izi, komwe malo oti abambo azikula osakhazikika, nyama za chaka chimodzi nthawi zina zimachoka kumabanja.
Pakagwa chilala, madzi akumwa ovulala kwambiri, omwe mabanja omwe amayandikana nawo amakakamizidwa kuti asonkhane pomwe madzi adasungidwa. Nthawi zina m'malo oterowo mumakhala owotchera 16-20 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndizachidziwikire kuti nyama zomwe zikuvutika zimakhala mwamtendere wina ndi mnzake, pomwe nthawi zina ndewu zankhanza zimatha kuwonedwa pakati pa omwe akumwa mabanja ena.
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Beaver kuswana
Beaver ndi ana
Beavers imatha kutha msinkhu mu zaka 2-3 za moyo - ku Europe nthawi zambiri mumakhala 3, ndi Canada - mu 2. Zimaswana nthawi 1 pachaka. Nthawi yakukhwima kwa okongoletsa omwe akukhala munjira yapakati imagwera kumapeto kwa Disembala - kuyambira Epulo, kutalika kwa nthambiyi - mu Januware -February. Panthawi imeneyi, nyama nthawi zambiri zimabwera pamwamba, nthawi zina zimasiya mitsinje ya beaver pa ufiti. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matching mu beavers apangidwe m'madzi, pansi pa ayezi. Mimba yaikazi imatenga pakati pa 103 mpaka 107, avareji ya masiku 105. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yobala ana nthawi zambiri imakhala pa Meyi-Juni.
Beavers amabadwa atapangidwa mokwanira, amawona, atakutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa. Pomwe nyama zimabadwa molawirira, ngakhale mkati mwa kusefukira kwa masika, zatsopano zimatha kuonedwa m'malo obisalamo. Ana akhanda a masiku awiri sanathenso kuyenda pabwalopo, osakwera ndi miyendo yawo ndikuyenda uku ndi uku. Beavers obadwira m'nyumba zokhazikika, makamaka m'makola, ndizovuta kupeza.
Mpaka pa milungu iwiri kapena itatu, nyama sizingadutse kuyenda, popeza kulemera kwake sikuposa kulemera kwa madzi omwe adachoka nawo.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, zophimbira zimayamba kuwoneka pamtunda, pomwe timitengo ta udzu tating'ono timadyapo. Pa miyezi 3-4, ma bea achinyamata ndi nyama zodziyimira palokha, zikhalidwe zonse zazinyama zazikulu.
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Kodi amadya chiyani?
Beavers amadya zakudya zam'mera zokha. Mndandanda wamitundu yonse yazomera zawo zam'madzi umayandikira 300, koma maziko a zakudya salinso mitundu ya 10-20 ya mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndi mitundu 20-30 ya udzu. Kwenikweni, awa ndi mitengo ya msondodzi, chinangwa, birch, dzira, popula, kakombo wamadzi, sedge, mphaka, bango, tsamba la muvi ... M'mitengo ndi zitsamba, nyama imakutcha ndi kudya gawo lobiriwira, lopanda cork, makatani a nthambi, masamba, udzu - zimayambira, masamba, maluwa, ndipo nthawi zina ma rhizomes.
Kutha kwa zopeka kupangira zakudya za chisanu kumadziwika. Nthawi zambiri, masheya oterewa ndi ofanana ndi 10-25 cubic metres, koma mabanja ena amaphunzitsa mpaka 50 mpaka ma cubic metres a mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi, zimayambira ndi ma rhizomes a zomera zam'madzi komanso zam'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mabanja omwe chakudya cha nthawi yozizira sichikupezeka kwathunthu.
M'mbuyomu anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anyaniwa amadya masamba a udzu makamaka nthawi yotentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira amangogwiritsa ntchito makungwa a mitengo ndi zitsamba zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi yophukira ndikukuta nthawi ya thaws pansi. Komabe, zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti sizili choncho. Zitsamba zamadzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa beaever yozizira, ndipo kwa mabanja ena amatenga gawo lalikulu. Zonsezi zimathandizira kumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe mabanja ena okongola alibe chakudya, ndipo amadya chiyani nthawi yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuperekedwa kwa chakudya komwe kumayikidwa pansi pa ayezi kumalekezero kapena zofunkha kumapeto kwa Januware-February, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo nyamazo zimasinthiratu msipu.
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Adani a okonza
Adani okhala akumwa akuluakulu ndi ochepa - mimbulu, lynxes, zimbalangondo, wolves. Akatswiri ena opanga zinyama amati iwo amasintha. Beaver ndi otter amakhala mumikhalidwe imodzimodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakumana wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, pali zochitika zochepa kwambiri zolembedwa za otter akuwombera kukomedwa. Chifukwa chake, wina angaganize kuti zolimba zolimba za ma beawa achikulire ndi chitetezo chodalirika ndikusunga otteryo patali.
Ma beawa achichepere, makamaka omwe amakula chaka chatsopano chakubadwa, amakhala ndi adani ambiri. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili pamwambapa - ndi nkhandwe, galu wa raccoon, mink, marten, polecat. Kwa mbalame, kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi zina zazikulu, goshawk, kite wakuda, osprey ndi owopsa kwa ma bea. Pali milandu yodziwika bwino yam'mimba yam'mimba yamatumbo ndi ma pikes akuluakulu.
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Beaver Chakudya Olimbana
Beavers alibe ochepa mpikisano. Mwa kuchuluka kwakukulu, monga okonda chakudya omwe amapikapo zakudya, titha kungolankhula za nyama zomwe, zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimadya zitsamba zamitengo zomwe zimadyetsa ma bea. Nyamazo zimaphatikizapo moose, agwape, kumene omalizira, okhala m'madzi osefukira, amafikira kwambiri. Nyama zotsalira - mbewa, ma voles, muskrats ndi ena amakonda kupikisana ndi zokometsa pazaka zawo zochulukitsa.
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Ndani amakhala m'mabau omata
Beavers alibe aliyense wopikisana nawo chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala. M'madera ena, makina omwewo, pamodzi ndi ma beavers, amagwiritsa ntchito oster. Pakati patali, ngalawa zapamwamba zokhala ndi mabowo, nthawi zina zimachezeredwa ndi nkhandwe, agalu a raccoon, ndipo nthawi zambiri njanji. M'ming'alu yakale yomwe yasiyidwa imatha kupezeka ana a nkhandwe ndi agalu a fodya.
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Matenda a Beaver
Beavers amatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana - osautsa komanso opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, matenda a helminthic amapezeka m'mawu amtsinje. Sindikokokomeza kunena kuti m'chilengedwe mwezi umodzi atabadwa, anthu onse onyamula omwe ali ndi mphutsi. Mitundu 26 yamitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma bea imadziwika kwambiri. Matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi ndakatulo ndi uswa.
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Ndakatulo polemba
Stikhorkhoz amatcha imodzi yoyera, kukula ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amafanana ndi tirigu wa tirigu. Tizilombo timeneti nthawi zina timadziunjika tambiri mu cecum ya nyamayo ndipo timapangitsa kuti izi zichepetse thupi, kuchepa magazi, kupha thupi la beaver ndikutulutsa kwa tiziromboti. Famu ya ndakatulo ili ponseponse pakati pa anthu okongola a Voronezh, Batyug, Pozersk ndi anthu ena ambiri.
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Beaver Travassosiosis
Travassosiosis imayambitsa mtundu pang'ono wa ubweya wa bulauni womwe umafalikira m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha ya m'mimba yayikulu. Beavers omwe ali ndi matode awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lakumugaya chakudya, komwe pang'onopang'ono amatha kupha nyama.
Panthawi yowonjezereka, pantchito yakakhazikitsidwe, ma beawa nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa cha paratyphoid ndi pasteurellosis. Milandu ya kufa kwa beaver kuchokera ku tularemia imadziwikanso.
Lero tidayankhula za nyama yosangalatsa ngati kudya, kuphunzira za zizolowezi zake komanso zomwe amadya, komwe amakhala. Tikukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso ichi chithandizira kusaka kwanu nyama yamalonda. Mwa njira, kodi mumakonda kusaka nyama ili bwanji? Gawani zokumana nazo zanu ndi nkhani zathu.
Nkhaniyi idakonzedwa potengera zida za Yu. Dyakov, woyimira sayansi wazachilengedwe, otengedwa kuchokera kwaulere.
Tikuyembekezera ndemanga zanu ndi ndemanga, ganani ndi gulu lathu la VKontakte!
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala ndi zokolola
Motsogola ndimiyendo, nyanjayi ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri, yolemera 30 makilogalamu ndi zina zolemera. Thupi limakhala lotalikirana mpaka 1.5m kutalika, mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm.Miyendo yayifupi ndi zala zisanu, pakati pomwe pali nembanemba. Miyendo yakumbuyo yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo.
Zovala zamtundu wamphamvu, zopindika komanso zopindika. Pa chala chachiwiri, chovala chimakhala chofunda, chofanana ndi chisa. Izi ndi zomwe nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza ubweya wokongola komanso wamtengo wapatali. Ubweya umakhala ndi tsitsi lolimba lakunja ndi undercoat, yotetezeka yodalirika ku hypothermia, pomwe imanyowa m'madzi bwino.
Dongosolo lamafuta osunthika, omwe amasunga kutentha kwamkati, amapulumutsanso kuzizira. Mtundu wa ubweya umachokera pachifuwa mpaka wodera wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, ngati mahatchi ndi mchira.
Chifukwa cha ubweya wofunika komanso wokongola, nyamayo idatsala pang'ono kuwonongeka ngati mtundu: panali anthu ambiri omwe amafuna kupeza chikhoto cha ubweya ndi chipewa kuchokera pakhungu la nyama. Mapeto kumadula kuwonjezera pamndandanda nyama zofiira.
Mchira wa chinyama ndi wofanana ndi oar 30 cm mulifupi ndi 11-13 cm.Mtambowo umakutidwa ndi mamba akulu ndi mabatani olimba. Kapangidwe ka mchira wake ndi zinthu zina zimasiyanitsa munthu wodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Europe kapena wowonekera wamba ku wachibale waku America (waku Canada).
Pam mchira pali tegi ndi tiziuza tomwe timapangira fungo lonunkhira lotchedwa beaver river. Chinsinsi cha wen ndikusunga chidziwitso cha munthu (m'badwo, jenda), komanso kununkhira kukuwonetsa malire a gawo lomwe mukukhala. Chosangalatsa ndichapadera ndimtsinje wa beaver, ngati chala cham'manja mwa munthu. Thupi limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazonunkhira.
Chithunzicho chimakhala chowala
Pamiyeso yaying'ono, makutu amfupi osatulukira ku ubweya amawonekera. Ngakhale kukula kwa ziwalo zomvekera, khutu la nyamayo ndiabwino. Mphuno zikamizidwa m'madzi, makutu a nyama ndikutseka, maso amatetezedwa ndi "zana lachitatu" ndipo amatetezedwa kuvulala.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone nyamayo m'madzi akuthwa. Milomo ya beaver imapangidwanso mwapadera kuti isasunthike, madzi samalowerera pakamwa pakamwa.
Mapapu akulu amakulola nyamayo kusambira, osawoneka pamadzi, mpaka 700 m, ikugwiritsa pafupifupi mphindi 15. Kwa nyama zapamadzi zam'madzi, izi ndi ziwerengero.
Live onyamula nyama m'madzi akuya oyenda pang'onopang'ono. Awa ndi nyanja zam'madzi, maiwe, mitsinje, mitsinje, mabanki amadzimadzi. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi zomera za m'mphepete mwa miyala yosalala, zitsamba ndi udzu. Ngati mawonekedwe a malo siabwino kwenikweni, ndiye kuti wokongoletsayo amagwira ntchito pakusintha zachilengedwe, ngati womanga.
Nthawi zina nyama zidakhazikika ku Europe ndi Asia, kupatula Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin. Koma kuwonongedwa ndi ntchito zachuma zinapangitsa kuti mbali yayikulupo ithe. Ntchito yobwezeretsa ikupitabe mpaka pano, anthu okonza njuchi amakhala m'madzi momwe mungakhalire.
Makhalidwe a Beaver ndi moyo wawo
Beavers ndi nyama zokhala m'madzi zomwe zimakhulupirira kwambiri m'madzi, zimasambira mokongola, kuyenda pansi pamadzi, komanso kumtunda kumadula ali mtundu wa chovuta chinyama.
Zochita za nyama zimawonjezeka mamawa komanso kumayambiriro kwa usiku. M'nyengo yotentha amatha kugwira ntchito kwa maola 12. M'nyengo yozizira yokha, nthawi yozizira kwambiri, satuluka m'nyumba zobisika. Burrows kapena malo omwe amadziwika kuti ndi malo omwe mabanja a beaver amakhala.
Zitseko za mbewa zimabisika ndi madzi ndipo zimatsogolera kudutsa kovuta kwa madera agombe. Kutuluka kwadzidzidzi kumapangitsa kuti nyama zizitetezeka. Chipinda chokhalamo chachikulu kuposa mita ndi pafupifupi 50 cm nthawi zonse chimakhala pamwamba pa madzi.
Wokongoletsa amatha kumanga madamu omwe amathandizira mosavuta kulemera kwa munthu.
Kokosi yapadera imateteza malowa pamtsinje womwe dzenje lake limachokera kuzizira kozizira. Kuchenjera kwa zokongoletsa zofananira ndi ukadaulo wa opanga. Ntchito yomanga nyumbazi imachitika pamakoma kapena m'mabanki otsika.Awa ndimapangidwe opangidwa ndi cone mpaka 3 m kutalika kwa brashi, silt ndi dongo.
Mkati mwake, ndi otambalala, mpaka mainchesi 12. Pamtunda pali dzenje la mpweya, ndipo pansi pake pali manholes omiza m'madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumasungidwa mkati, kulibe ayezi, ma beavers amatha kumizidwa m'madzi osungira. Nthaka pamwamba pa nyumbayo tsiku lachisanu ndi chizindikiro cha nyumba yoti anthu angathe kugonamo.
Kuti asunge madzi ofunikira ndikusunga malo ogona ndi mabowo, owotchera malo amaika madamu odziwika, kapena madamu, ochokera kumitengo yamtengo, brashi ndi silika. Ngakhale miyala yolemera mpaka 18 kg imapezeka kuti ilimbikitse nyumbayo.
Monga lamulo, chimango cha damu ndi mtengo wakugwa, womwe umakuliririka ndi zomanga mpaka 30 m, kutalika kwa 2 m, ndi mpaka 6 m. Kapangidwe kake kamatha kuthandizira mosavuta kulemera kwa munthu aliyense.
Mu chithunzi, Nora Beaver
Nthawi yomanga imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Kenako okonzawo amayang'anitsitsa chitetezo cha chinthu chokhazikikacho ndikuchita "kukonza" pakufunika. Amagwira ntchito ndi mabanja, amagawa maudindo, ngati kuti chifukwa cha kulinganiza molondola komanso kopanda cholakwika.
Zolocha zimatha kupirira mosavuta m'mphindi 5 ndi mitengo mpaka mainchesi 7-8, ndikukuta mitengo ikuluikulu pansi. Ndi mitengo yokulirapo, mpaka masentimita 40, imapilira usiku. Kudula mzidutswa, kudumphira nyumba kapena damu kumachitika mwadongosolo komanso mosasokonekera.
Ndiwo mtundu wanji wanyama wanyama m'nyumba mwake, wowoneka mokhalamo. Osati nyumba zokhazokha, komanso njira zomwe zida zomangira ndi chakudya zimaphatikizidwira, mulibe zimbudzi ndi zinyalala za chakudya.
Mayendedwe, nyumba, mapulani omangira - chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndikutsukidwa. Malo apadera amapangidwa, omwe amatchedwa beaver. Kulumikizana kwanyama kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mafungo apadera onunkhira, kutulutsa mawu kofanana ndi likhweru, kumenyedwa kwam mchira.
Madzi pop - alamu ndi kulamula kubisala pansi pamadzi. Adani akuluakulu m'chilengedwe ndi mimbulu, nkhandwe, zimbalangondo zofiirira. Koma kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu okongola kunachitika ndi anthu.
Beaver - chinyama-ogwira ntchito komanso yolumikizana yokhala chete pabanja. Mu nthawi yawo yaulere, amasamalira chovalacho, chothira mafuta ndi zotchinga kuchokera ku zotupa za sebaceous, kuziteteza kuti zisanyowe.
Mutu
Liwu loti "beaver" linachokera ku chilankhulo cha pre-Indo-European (cf. German Biber, jam. Bėbros), lopangidwa mosakanika kokwanira ka dzinalo brown. Malo osinthidwanso * bhe-bhru-.
Malinga ndi zinenedwe za mu 1961, mawuwa kumadula ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza chinyama kuchokera pamakedzedwe a makoswe okhala ndi ubweya wofunikira, ndipo kumadula - Mukutanthauza ubweya wa nyama iyi: kolala ya beaver, zovala pa ubweya wa beaver. Komabe, m'chinenedwe, mawu kumadula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati liwu lofanana ndi liu kumadula (bwanji nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe, khwimitsa mtima ndi khwimitsa mtima).
Malinga ndi 2004 Spelling Dictionary, kuchuluka kwa matchulidwe kumakudya, kumakumwa (chinyama, ubweya).
Kugawa
Kalelo m'nthawi yakale, zodzikongoletsera wamba zimagawidwa kudera lonse la Europe ndi Asia, chifukwa chakukolola kwakukulu, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, beaver inali itatsala pang'ono kutha. Mtundu wamakono wa beaver ndiwofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kophatikizanso ndikubwezeretsanso. Ku Europe, imakhala m'maiko a Scandinavia, Great Britain (idaphedwa m'zaka za zana la 16 kupatula ku Scotland ndi boma la Devon, idapangidwanso m'chigawo cha Gloucestershire mu 2005), Rhone (France), dera la Elbe (Germany), Vistula bas (Poland) , m'nkhalango ndi madera ena olowera m'nkhalango ku Europe kwa Russia, ku Belarus, ku Ukraine. Ku Russia, ma beaver amapezekanso ku Northern Trans-Urals, kulikonse ku dera la Novosibirsk. Malo okhala zodzala ndi ma beawa wamba amapezeka kumpoto kwa Yenisei, Kuzbass, Pribaikalye, Khabarovsk Territory, Kamchatka, Kurgan, Omsk ndi Tomsk Oblasts (anthu zikwi khumi) kumtsinje wa Keti kumpoto, mu Altai Territory. Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, ku Mongolia (mitsinje ya Urungu ndi Bimen) komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).
Mahawa ndi madamu
Beavers amakhala m'malo obisika. Khomo lanyumba ya beaver nthawi zonse limakhala pansi pamadzi kuti mutetezeke. Burrows ikubowoleza m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi phompho; ndi labu yovuta ndi 4-5 yolowera. Makoma ndi kudenga kwa burashi amazikongoletsa mosamala ndikumangiriza. Chipinda chochezera mkati mwa dzenje chimakhala pakuya kosaposa mita 1. M'lifupi mwake m'chipindacho ndichipitilira mita, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 40-50. Pansi liyenera kukhala masentimita 20 pamwamba pamadzi. Madzi mumtsinje ukakwera, wokondedwayo amakweza pansi, ndikukuta pansi padenga. Kuti gawo la mtsinje pamwamba pa khomo lolowera dzenje nthawi yozizira siziwumitsa ndi kutseka nyama mdzenjemo, amadzaza malowa ndi pompopompo. Nthawi zina denga la burongo limagwa ndipo pansi lokwanira lopangidwa ndi nthambi ndi burashi limakonzedwa m'malo mwake, ndikupanga burongo kukhala malo osinthika - pang'onopang'ono. Chapakatikati, m'madzi akulu, opanga ma bea amapanga timiyala pamwamba pa tchire kuchokera kunthambi ndi nthambi zokhala ndi bedi louma.
Nyumbazi zimamangidwa m'malo omwe kubowoleza sizingatheke - m'mphepete mwa dambo komanso m'malo osaya. Beavers nthawi zambiri amayamba kumanga nyumba zatsopano kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Ma nyakwawa amawoneka ngati mulu wowoneka ngati burashi, womangidwa ndi silt ndi nthaka, mpaka kutalika kwa mita mamita ndi maimitimitimitatu. Makoma am'nyumbamo ndi wokutidwa ndi silt ndi dongo, kotero kuti amasintha kukhala bwalo lenileni, losagonjetseka ndi adani, mpweya umadutsa. dzenje mu denga. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, opaka ma waya amapaka dongo pogwiritsa ntchito manja awo kutsogolo, osati mchira (mchirawo umakhala ngati mkondo). Mkati mwam'kati mwake muli manholes m'madzi ndi nsanja yomwe imakwera pamwamba pamadzi. Ndi matumba oyamba, ma beavers amakhalanso amateteza matumba ndi dongo latsopano. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumasungidwa m'malo otentha, madzi a manholes samawuma, ndipo okongoletsa mwayi amakhala ndi kutuluka kwa ayezi. Wozizira kwambiri pamizuyo pali nyini, komwe kumakhala chizindikiro cha nyumba. Nthawi zina mdera lokhala ndi phokoso mumakhala zimbudzi. Beaers ndi oyera kwambiri, samawononga nyumba zawo ndi zinyalala ndi chakudya.
M'malo osungira omwe madzi amasintha, komanso m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yopanda, mabanja a beaver amapanga madamu. Izi zimawathandiza kukweza, kukonza ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi kuti zitseko zanyumba ndi zotchinga zisachotsedwe ndikufikiridwa ndi adani. Madamu ali pansi pa tawuni yabwino kwambiri yamitengo yamitengo, nthambi zamtchire ndi mitengo yamtengo, yokhala palimodzi ndi dongo, silika, ziguduli ndi zinthu zina zomwe anthu onyamula mano amabweretsa. Ngati madzi am'madzi amatuluka mwachangu ndipo pali miyala pansi, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zomangira. Kulemera kwa miyala nthawi zina kumatha kufika 15-18 kg.
Pomanga madamu, malo omwe mitengo imamera pafupi m'mphepete mwa gombe amasankhidwa. Kupanga kumayamba ndi ma beavers omata nthambi ndi mitengo kuti ikhale pansi, kulimbitsa mipata ndi nthambi ndi mabango, ndikumadzaza matopewo ndi dothi, dongo ndi miyala. Monga chingwe chothandizira, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nkhuni yomwe imagwera mumtsinje, pang'onopang'ono ndikuyika ndi zomangira kuchokera mbali zonse. Nthawi zina nthambi za madamu a beaver zimamera, zimawapatsa mphamvu zowonjezera. Kutalika kwamadamu wamba ndi 20-30 m, m'lifupi m'munsi ndi 4-6 m, kutalika kwa 1-2 m, kutalika kumatha kufika 4,8 m, ngakhale kawirikawiri 2 mita. Damu lakale limatha kupirira kulemera kwa munthu. Zomwe zimapangidwa pomanga madamu, sizokhala wamba, koma za owotchera ku Canada - damu lomangidwa ndi iwo pamtsinje. Jefferson (Montana), afika kutalika kwa 700 m. (Kudera la New Hampshire pali damu lotalikirapo - 1,2 km.) Maonekedwe a damu amatengera kuthamanga kwa komwe kuli - komwe kumachedwa, madamu ali pafupi kuwongoka, akuyenda mitsinje yothamanga kumtunda. Ngati nyanjayi ili yolimba kwambiri, ma bea okwera amatseka madamu ena owonjezera kumtunda. Kukhetsa kumapangidwa nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwenikweni kwa damu kuti lisadutse madzi osefukira. Pafupifupi, banja lokwera mtengo limatenga pafupifupi sabata kuti limange damu la 10 m. Beavers amayang'anira bwino mayendedwe a damu ndikuyigwira ngati ikudontha. Nthawi zina mabanja angapo omwe amagwira ntchito mashifiti amatenga nawo mbali pomanga.
Kuthandizira kwakukulu pa chikhalidwe cha anthu opanga mikanda pomanga madamu ndi a Sweden a Don Wilson [en] (1971) ndi katswiri wazowona zanyama ku France Richard (1967, 1980). Zinapezeka kuti chomwe chimalimbikitsa kwambiri pantchitoyo ndi phokoso lamadzi oyenda. Pokhala ndi kumva kwabwino kwambiri, ma beaver adazindikira molondola komwe mawuwo adasinthira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti panali kusintha kwa madamu. Komabe, sanasamale za kusowa kwa madzi - momwemonso, ma beaver adamva phokoso lamadzi lojambulidwa pa tepi chojambulira. Kuyesa kwinanso kunawonetsa kuti kuwoneka, sikuti ndiye kokha komwe kumalimbikitsa. Chifukwa chake, onyamula omwe adalowetsedwa mu dziwe anali omata ndi silt ndi nthambi, ngakhale itadutsa pansi ndipo "yosavomerezeka". Nthawi yomweyo, sizikudziwikiratu momwe ma bea amagawana maudindo pakati pawo pantchito yonse. Amatha kugwira ntchito m'magulu, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kapena pawokha. Koma onse ophatikiza ndi omanga odziyimira pawokha amachita mogwirizana ndi pulani yachilendo, yolondola ndimalingaliro onse.
Pomanga ndi kuphika chakudya, anthu odula mitengo amadula mitengo, kukukutira pansi, kukukutira nthambi, kenako ndikugawa thunthu. Beaver imagwetsa pansi ndi mulifupi mwake masentimita 5-7 mumphindi 5, mtengo wokhala ndi masentimita 40 umagwa ndikudula pakati pausiku, kotero kuti pofika m'mawa chitsa chokhachokha ndi gulu lokwiruka limatsala pamalo ogwirira ntchito nyama. Thunthu la munthu wolumikizidwa ndi beaver limakhala ngati mawonekedwe a galasi la ola. Nthenga za Beaver, zikukwera pa miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikupuma mchira wake. Nsagwada zake zimakhala ngati bokosi: kuti ikagubuduza mtengo, beaver amapuma zitsulo zake kumtunda pakhungwa lake ndikuyamba kusuntha mwachangu nsagwada yake yam'munsi mbali ndi mbali, ndikupanga mayendedwe a 5-6 pamphindi. Zowongolera za beaver ndizodziwongola nokha: mbali yakutsogolo yokha imakutidwa ndi enamel, kumbuyo kumakhala dentin wovuta. Wokometsa zakudya akamatsitsa china chake, dentin amapukutira mwachangu kuposa enamel, ndiye kuti m'mphepete mwa dzino kumakhala lakuthwa nthawi zonse.
Bea amadya nthambi zina za mtengo wakugwa pomwepo, zina zimagwetsa pansi ndikumata kapena kuyandama pamadzi kuti zikhale kapena malo omanga damu. Chaka chilichonse, kutsatira njira zomwezo za chakudya ndi zomangamanga, amaponda m'mphepete mwa njira zomwe zimasefukira pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi - mayendedwe a beaver. Amapangira chakudya nkhuni limodzi nawo. Kutalika kwa msewu kumafika pamamita mazana ndi mulifupi mwake masentimita 40-50 ndikuzama mita 1. Beavers nthawi zonse amasunga njira kuti zikhale zoyera.
Dera lomwe lidasinthidwa chifukwa cha zochitika za beaver zomwe zidakhazikika pamenepo limatchedwa malo okongola.