Zomera ndi nyama za ku Africa zikuwoneka mosiyanasiyana, pali nyama zachilendo zambiri, mbalame zomwe simudzazipeza kumayiko ena, ndipo Korona wokongoletsedwa nthumwi yawo yowala. Anthu ambiri a ku Africa amalemekeza mbalame yachilendoyi yokhala ndi "korona wagolide" pamitu yawo, amawaganizira kuti ndi nyumba yabwino, imayimiridwanso pamanja a Uganda, chizindikiro cha dziko lonse.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Korona Wopindika
Crowned Crane ndiye mfumu yokoma ya banja lenileni la crane. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa korona pamutu, wokhala ndi nthenga zambiri zopyapyala zagolide.
Makina onse ovala korona amagawika magawo awiri malingana ndi dera lawomwe akukhala kudera la Africa.
- kumadzulo kwa kontinenti kakhonde ovekedwa kolona amakhala
- kum'mawa - madera akum'mawa.
Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi makonzedwe osiyana a mawanga ofiira ndi oyera pamasaya, apo ayi amakhala ofanana kwathunthu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi korona wokongoletsedwa amawoneka bwanji?
Korona wovekedwa ndi mbalame yayikulu yolimba, yomwe kutalika kwake imafikira 90-100 cm kapena kupitirira, mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi mamitala awiri, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 5, 5 kg. Mitundu ya kugonana mu zolengedwa sizitchulidwa, koma zazikazi zimawoneka zazing'ono kuposa zazimuna.
Pafupifupi thupi lonse la akanjali limakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kapena wamtambo wakuda wa maula, ndipo elytra ndi underwings imatulutsa nthenga zoyera. Mutu wawung'ono wokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a nthenga zagolide zachikasu zolimba - chifukwa cha izi, mbalameyo idakhala ndi dzina lachifumu. Mwa achichepere, maula ndi opepuka kuposa okhwima: malekezero a nthenga omwe ali kumtunda kwa thupi ndi ginger, ndipo pansi pa mchenga. Khosi la achichepere ndi la bulauni, pamphumi pake ndi chikasu.
Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi wakuda, wocheperako, wosalala. Pansi pa chibwano, anthu onse, mosaganizira jenda, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofanana, omwe amafanana ndi ma turkeys ndi roosters, koma crane amatha kulowetsa.
Mawonekedwe ofiira ndi oyera oyera mbali zonse amakongoletsa masaya a mbalame.:
- m'magawo akum'mawa, ofiira amakhala oyera pamtunda,
- Kumadzulo kwa Africa, m'malo mwake, malo oyera ndi okwera kuposa ofiira.
Miyendo yakuda, yolimba mokwanira. Korona wokongoletsedwa ali ndi chinthu china chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi achibale ake - kumapazi a mbalame kumakhala chala chakumadzulo.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mbalame zokhazikika zimatha kuuluka mpaka mamita 10,000.
Maonekedwe a korona wokongoletsedwa
Korona wovekedwa ndi mbalame wamkulu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mapiko a masentimita 183198, kutalika kwake kufika masentimita 104 ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu anayi mpaka asanu.
Zambiri mwa ma penti zimapaka utoto wakuda kapena wakuda, koma nthenga zokhala ndi mapiko ndi elytra zimapaka zoyera.
Chodziwika kwambiri cha kakhitchini wokongoletsedwa ndi chisoti chachikulu, chomwe chili pamutu. Kuphatikizika uku kumakhala ndi mtundu wagolide wa nthenga zolimba kwambiri, zomwe zidakhala chifukwa chake mitundu iyi ya cranes idayamba kudziwika kuti korona. Pali malo awiri oyera ndi ofiira patsaya lililonse.
Korona Wokhala Korona (Balearica pavonina).
Korona wokongoletsedwa amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri. Awa ndi Balearica pavonina pavonina pavonina, omwe amakhala kumadzulo kwa dziko la Africa komanso Balearica pavonina ceciliae, omwe ndi ofala ku Ethiopia ndi ku Sudan. Izi zowerengera ziwiri zimasiyana chifukwa mawanga omwe ali pamasaya ali ndi makonzedwe osiyana. Ku Balearica pavonina ceciliae, malo oyera ndi omwe amakhala pansi ofiira, pomwe mitundu ya ku West Africa, malo omwe amawonerawo ali osiyana kwathunthu (malo oyera ndi pamwamba pa ofiira).
Pansi pa chibwano chaming'alu yokhala ndi korona pali kachiwalo kofiyira kakang'ono kofanana ndi masekosi am'mero a turkeys ndi roosters. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti thumba la khosi la kakhona kolona limatupa. Mlomo wa mbalamezi ndi wocheperako, wakuda ndi utoto ndipo pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumbali. Miyendo yakuda. Kuchokera pamakola ena ambiri, kakhitchini wokongoletsedwa amadziwikanso chifukwa chokhala ndi chala chakumanzere, komwe kumawathandiza kuti azikhazikika pokhazikika pamitengo yamitengo ndi zitsamba.
Chiwerengero cha mbalameyi ndi chachikulu kwambiri ndipo chimafika anthu pafupifupi 40,000.
Kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa akazi ndi abambo sikufotokozedwa bwino, ngakhale abambo ndi okulirapo pang'ono. Achichepere amasiyanitsidwa ndi maula owala, kuphatikiza apo, maula ambiri am'mwamba ali ndi malekezero ofiira, pomwe maupangiri a nthenga omwe ali pansipa ali ndi utoto wamchenga. Nkhope ya korona wachikaso ndi chikaso, ndipo kumbuyo kwa khosi ndi kofiirira.
Kodi korona wokhalamo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame Yokhala ndi Korona
Mitundu ya nkhanu izi imakhala:
- m'mbali mwa nyanja kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara,
- Ethiopia, Burundi, Sudan, Uganda,
- amadzala kum'mawa kwa Africa.
Imakhala mizu yabwino m'malo opezeka louma, koma nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi nyanja, m'madambo ndi madzi abwino, komanso madambo onyowa. Korona zovekedwa zimakhazikika m'minda ndi mpunga ndi mbewu zina, zomwe zimafuna chinyezi chambiri. Zimapezeka m'malo osiyidwa pafupi ndi mitsinje yaying'ono.
Korona wovekedwa korona sawopa konse anthu, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi minda komanso malo okhala. Pakupumula kwa usiku amasankha nkhanu za mthethe. M'moyo wawo wonse, ma crona ovala korona amamangidwa kumalo amodzi, omwe nthawi zina amatha kuchoka, kuyenda mtunda wautali, koma kubwerera kachiwiri. Pazakudya zoopsa, pofunafuna chakudya, amafufuza pafupi ndi msipu, minda ndi nyumba za anthu. Korona umapulumuka bwino m'malo owumbika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala mbalame yolandirika m'malo osungira nyama zonse, kuphatikiza zamyekha.
Dera lokhalamo njanjizi limachokera ku mahekitala 10 mpaka 40, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi dera laling'ono lamtunduwu, koma amatetezedwa mwachangu kwa mbalame zina. Mbalame zawo zimayika zisa zawo pafupi ndi madzi, nthawi zina ngakhale m'madzi pakati m'nkhwawa zazikulu.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe k Crona wobvala korona amapezeka. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Cranes ndi banja lonse, lomwe ndi gawo la gulu longa crane. Omalizawa akuphatikiza mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a oimira nyama zokhala ndi thukuta, okhala ndi chiyambi zakale kwambiri, zomwe zina zatha masiku ano.
Korona – mbalame yayitaliwokhala ndi khosi lalitali ndi miyendo. Kunja, zolengedwa zoterezi ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimagwirizana nazo, ngakhale zili kutali kwambiri, agulugufe ndi heron. Koma mosiyana ndi yoyamba, ma crane alibe chizolowezi chokhala m'mitengo, kuwonjezera apo, ndizabwino kwambiri.
Ndipo kuchokera ku mtundu wachiwiri wa mbalame amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi njira yowuluka. Kupatula apo, kumayenda mlengalenga, amakhala ndi chizolowezi chotambasula khosi ndi miyendo yawo, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yayitali kuposa hersoni. Mutu wa mbalame zotere ndi wocheperako, mulomo ndi wowongoka komanso wowala, koma wocheperako poyerekeza ndi nguluwe.
Akakhala pansi mapiko awo atakulungidwa, mchira wawo umawoneka bwino kwambiri komanso wautali chifukwa cha nthenga zingapo zazitali zakuuluka. Utoto wa zolengedwa zam'mapiko nthawi zambiri umakhala woyera kapena imvi.
Mitundu yambiri ya ma crane ali ndi chidwi. Ali ndi nthenga zowoneka ngati khungu pamutu pawo. Zambiri zomwe zimawonekera zitha kulingaliridwa. pachithunzithunzi.
Amakhulupirira kuti kwawo kwa amtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu ndi Amereka, kuchokera kumeneko adasamukira ku Asia mu nthawi za prehistoric, kenako adafalikira kumadera ena padziko lapansi. Ngakhale lero kum'mwera kwa America America mbalamezi sizimachitika, monga ku Antarctica. Koma zimakhazikika bwino kumayiko ena onse a dziko lapansi.
Kulira kwa Korani nthawi yamasika nthawi zambiri imamveka kutali, ikulira kwambiri pozungulira malo ozungulira. Nthawi iyi pachaka, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawombera duet. Amatulutsa china chonga zingapo: "Skoko-o-rum." Nthawi zina, mawu achikondwerero amamveka osiyana kwambiri.
Kulira kofananira komweku nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kurlyanem. Nthawi zambiri, mavoti awiri nawonso amatenga nawo gawo pa mayiyu.
Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake komanso chisomo chake, makina azikhalidwe pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi adasiya chizindikiro ndipo amatchulidwa mu nthano ndi nthano. Anakhala ngwazi za miyambo ndi nkhani zamatsenga za amwenye aku North America.
Nthano za iwo zimapezeka pazolankhula zapakamwa za anthu aku Middle Kingdom, Saudi Arabia komanso gombe la Nyanja ya Aegean.
Zomwe makolo athu akale amawadziwa zimawonekera ndi zojambula za m'mapanga ndi zina zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe akatswiri ofukula zakale anapeza. Koma tsopano kuchuluka kwa ma crane kuvutika kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kukucheperachepera. Ndipo makamaka izi zikugwira ntchito kwa mitundu yomwe izidzatchulidwa ndikulemba ngati osowa, pansipa.
Mitundu yama cranes
Monga gawo la banja lapa crane, lomwe limawoneka Padziko lapansi nthawi yomwe ma dinosaurs amayendamo (malinga ndi malipoti ena pafupifupi zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo), pali mitundu inayi ya majini, omwe agawidwa m'mitundu 15.
Zisanu ndi ziwiri mwa izo zimapezeka ku Russia. Mamembala amtundu uliwonse ali ndi mawonekedwe awo ndipo amasangalatsa m'njira zawo. Ganizirani ena a iwo.
1. Korona wokhala ndi korona wofiira. Oimira mtunduwu amaonedwa ngati amtali kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 176. Mapiko a zolengedwa izi ali ndi mapiko a 240 cm. mbalame zotere zili ndi nthenga zazimaso zotuwa, miyendo yofiyira, mulomo wake ndi wotuwa wobiriwira, wautali. Amakhala ku India, ndipo amapezekanso kumadera ena apafupi ndi Asia. Zochulukirapo, mbalame zofananira zimawonedwa ku Australia.
2. Korona wamba. Zofanana ndewu yomwe inafotokozedwapo kale, kwambiri mpaka nthawi ina zapitazo, akatswiri azachipatala amati awa oimira mapiko awiriwa ndi amtundu umodzi. Komabe, nthenga za nthenga za mbalame zoterezi zikadali zakuda pang'ono.
Kukula kwa mitundu ya ku Australia kumangokhala kotsika pang'ono kwa anzawo aku India. Kukula kwa toyesa zamtunduwu kuli pafupifupi 161 cm.
3. Korona wokhala ndi korona wofiira za abale zimawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri. Kulemera kwa anthu ena kumafika 11 kg. Oimira amtunduwu samakhala ku Japan kokha, komanso amapezeka ku Far East. Gawo lalikulu la kuchuluka kwawo ndizoyera.
Makosi okha ndi kumbuyo kwa mapiko ndizosiyana ndi izo (zakuda), ndipo miyendo ya mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wamtambo. Mtundu wa mabanja woimiridwa ndi wocheperako. Mpaka pano, ma cranes oterewa siopitilira anthu awiri, motero nyamazo zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha.
4. Cremo Demoiselle. Mtunduwu umadziwika chifukwa chakuti oimira ake ang'ono kwambiri m'banja la cranes. Amakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi 2 kg kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri sikupita masentimita 89. Dzinalo la mbalameyo siliwonyenga, ndi labwino kwambiri.
Mbali yayikulu ya cholembera cha zolengedwa izi ndi imvi. Gawo la nthenga za mapikowo ndi phulusa. Miyendo yakuda, yomwe imayenda bwino ndi nthenga za mutu, zomwe, ngati khosi, zimakhala ndi tint yakuda. Monga mikanda ya malalanje ofiira pamutu pawo, maso ndi chikasu, mulomo wamfupi umaonekera.
Koma mbalamezi zimawoneka bwino kwambiri ndi nthenga zazitali zazitali zomwe zimapachika kumitu yawo mpaka khosi lawo. Zoyimira zamtunduwu ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zimapezeka kumadera ambiri ku Eurasia, komanso kudera la Africa.
Phokoso lomwe linapangidwa ndi zolengedwa zokongolazi ndi lodzoladzola, lalitali.
5. Korona Woyera (Siberian Crane) - akupezeka kumadera akumpoto kwa dziko lathu. Koma ku Russia, mitunduyi imawonedwa pang'ono. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imakhala ndi mapiko awiri kapena kuposa apo, ndipo zofananira za payekhapayekha zimatha kufika pamtunda woposa 8 kg.
Mbalame zimakhala ndi mulomo wotalikirapo komanso pafupi ndi miyendo yofanana. Gawo lalikulu la manambala, momwe dzinali limanenera, ndi loyera, kupatula nthenga zina zamapiko.
6. Crop Whooping - kutali ndi woimira banjali. Mbalame zotere zimapezeka ku Canada kokha, komanso m'malo ochepa, chifukwa, mwatsoka, nyamazo ndizochepa. Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zotere imakhala ndi utoto woyera, kupatula mitundu ina yakuda.
7. Korona wakuda. Komanso mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imadziwika mu Buku Lofiira. Crane yotere imakhala ku Eastern Russia ndi China. Mpaka posachedwapa, nyamazo sizinaphunziridwe pang'ono. Oyimira ake ndi ochepa kukula ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 3 kg. Cholemba cha cholembera cha zolengedwa izi ndizakuda kwambiri, kupatula khosi ndi gawo la mutu, lomwe ndi loyera.
8. African belu la ku Africa - wokhala ku South Africa. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 5 kg. Imvi yokhala ndi imvi ndiye maziko abwino a cholembera cha zolengedwa zotere. Nthenga zazitali kumapeto kwa mapiko ndi zomwe zimatsogolera imvi kapena zakuda. Komanso mbalamezi zimatchedwa kuti cranes.
9. Korona Wokhala - komanso wokhala ku Africa, koma amagawidwa kokha kummawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa. Cholengedwa ichi, poyerekeza ndi abale, ndi chachikulu kukula, ndipo chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Nthenga zake zimakhala zakuda kwambiri ndizowonjezera komanso zowonjezera. Kakhwalala amatchedwa kuti korona chifukwa cha chipolopolo chachikulu chagolide chomwe chimakongoletsa mutu.
10. Korona wankhwawa. Woyimira wamkuluyu wa banjalo ndi wokhalamo wofalikira ku Europe. Gawo lalikulu la manambala ake limakhala ndi mtundu waimvi. Utoto pang'ono wamdima pang'ono ndi kumbuyo, ndipo malekezero akuda am'mapiko amawonekera. Mtunduwu pochulukitsa ndikugawa uli m'malo wachiwiri pambuyo pa crane.
Zojambula ndi malo okhala korona wokonzedwa
Mbalame izi zimagawika m'mitundu iwiri - kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Korona Wakum'mawa amakhala ku Kenya, Zambia ndi kumwera kwa Africa. Crane chakumadzulo amakhala mdera lochokera ku Sudan kupita ku Senegal.
Korona Wokhazikika - mbalame ya ma kilogalamu asanu, yomwe imafikira kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi mapiko a mita awiri. Ndi imvi kapena yakuda, yoyera nthenga zoyera.
Korona wakummawa, wochokera ku West Africa, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawanga pamasaya ake. Yoyamba ili ndi malo ofiira omwe amakhala pamwamba oyera, yachiwiri ndi yayikulu kukula. Monga ma turkeys, ali ndi thumba lakhosi lofiirira lomwe limatha kutupa, ndipo maso awo amakopa chidwi ndi mtundu wowala wa buluu.
Mlomowo ndi wakuda, osati waukulu komanso wosanjika pang'ono m'mbali. Kusiyana kwakukulu Korona wokongoletsedwaChifukwa chomwe adatchulira dzina, mulu wa nthenga zolimba zagolidi pamutu, zokumbukira kwambiri korona.
Mu chithunzicho pali korona wokongoletsedwa
Zala zazikazi zazitali ndizitali, ndi thandizo lawo mutha kukhala nthawi yayitali pamitengo ndi tchire pakati pausiku. Amagonanso m'madzi omwe, kudzipulumutsa kwa adani. Zachikazi za mbalamezi, zakunja, pafupifupi sizimasiyana ndi zazimuna, kakulidwe kakang'onoko ndizopepuka pang'ono, ndi chizungulira chachikasu.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa korona wokongoletsedwa
Korona Wokhala Korona, amakonda malo otseguka, madambo. Imapezekanso m'minda yampunga, malo olimidwa, magombe osungirako, m'mayidamu.
Amakhala moyo wongokhala, koma amatha kuyenda makilomita ambiri patsiku. Masana, mbalamezi zimakhala zogwira ntchito, zimakhala m'magulu akulu, nthawi zambiri moyandikana ndi anthu ena.
Sawopa anthu, chifukwa chake amapezeka pafupi ndi midziyo. Koma izi zitha nyengo yamvula isanayambe.Kenako ma korona ovala korona amagawika awiriawiri, madera omwe akukhalamo amagawidwa, amateteza gawo lawo ndi ana amtsogolo kwa abakha, atsekwe ndi mikoko ina.
Mu chithunzicho anaveka korona wokhala ndi anapiye
Kudyetsa Korona
Korona yovekedwa bwino ndi yopatsa chidwi chifukwa chakudya chake chimaphatikizapo zonse chakudya chomera ndi nyama. Amadyetsa udzu, mbewu, mizu, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, amasangalala ndi achule, abuluzi, ndi nsomba.
Akuyenda m'minda, kufunafuna chakudya, akakholi akudya mbewa limodzi ndi tirigu, kuti alimi asawathamangitse. Panthawi yachilala, mbalame zimayandikira pafupi ndi ziweto zazikulu zokhala ndi nyanga zazikulu, momwe zimapezeka zambiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake samakhala ndi njala ndipo amadyetsa ana awo nthawi zonse.
Kubalanso ndi moyo wautali wa korona wovekedwa
Kutha msinkhu kwa akuluakulu kumachitika pazaka zitatu. Pofika nyengo yakukhwima, akakhona ovekedwa korona akuyamba kusamalirana bwino kwambiri. Kuvina ndi mtundu wa kukopana.
Mukuvina mavinidwe akakhoti ovekedwa korona
Pofuna kudzionetsera, mbalame zimaponya udzu, ndikuwomba mapiko awo mokweza, ndikugwedeza mitu yawo, ndikudumphira mmwamba ndi pansi. Njira ina yochitira izi ndikupanga kulira kwa lipenga kosiyanasiyana pothira thukuta lanu. Ikuyimba, akanjawo amaweramitsa mitu yawo, kenako mwadzidzidzi kuwaponyera.
Akasankha wokwatirana naye, makolo am'tsogolo amayamba kupatuka pathanthwe, nthambi zingapo zophatikizidwa ndi udzu, chisa chosangalatsa cha ana awo. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozungulira. Amaziyika m'malo osungiramo, momwe mumapezeka udzu wambiri, kapena pafupi ndi gombe ndipo amatetezedwa. Yaikazi, monga lamulo, imayikira mazira awiri kapena asanu, kutalika kwa sentimita khumi ndi iwiri, ali amtundu umodzi pinki kapena amtundu wakuda.
Ng'ombe zonse zimaswa mazira; chachikazi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chisa. Pakatha mwezi umodzi ali ndi ana. Amphaka ang'onoang'ono amaphimbidwa ndi bulawuni yakuda, amatha kuchoka pachisa mkati mwa tsiku limodzi osabwereranso masiku angapo.
Mtsogolomo, banja lakhwangwala limayenera kusamukira kumalo okwezeka, m'malo opezeka udzu, kukafunafuna tizilombo ndi mphukira zobiriwira. Pamenepo, mbalamezo zimalankhulirana, ndikuuza komwe kuli chakudya chochulukirapo, ndipo zikakhuta, zimabwereranso kwawo. Ngati chaka sichabwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti banjali silikusiyanso gulu lawo. Ana aang'ono amatha kuuluka okha pakatha miyezi iwiri, itatu.
Pachithunzichi pali thukuta la korona wokongoletsedwa
Korona wofiyidwa amakhala kuthengo zaka makumi awiri, ndipo kumalo osungira nyama, malo osungirako nyama ndi zonse makumi atatu, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zaka zana. Koma, ngakhale izi, ali ndi adani ambiri, kuphatikiza pa zinyama ndi mbalame zazikulu, chinthu chachikulu ndi munthu. Zaka makumi awiri zapitazi pakhala pakugwidwa kwaza kwa ma crane, izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo ndikuwapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka.
Moyo & Habitat
Mitundu yambiri yamakhwawa ndi mbalame zam'madzi kapena zimakhala pafupi ndi malo ena osungira, ndipo ndimadzi, abwino komanso amchere. Mitundu yambiri imakonda mchere wamchere kuti ukhale watsopano nthawi yozizira, kusamukira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo osambira ndi madzi amchere opanda mchere pokhapokha nthawi yozizira.
Koma belladonna (izi zikugwirizana ndi mitundu ya ku Africa) mwakachetechete kuti azikhala kutali ndi mitundu yonse yamadzi, akumakhala masiku amoyo wake m'madambo komanso ouma.
Pafupifupi, oyimira mabanja omwe afotokozedwayu adafalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana am'madera osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, polankhula za adani achilengedwe amakwangwani, malo omwe akukhala akuyenera kukumbukiridwa.
Mwachitsanzo, m'malo otentha mazira awo satha kudya phwando, ankhandwe, zimbalangondo. Kukoma kwa mimbulu ndi anapiye ang'onoang'ono akhanda. Akuluakulu amawopsezedwa makamaka ndi adani omwe ali ndi utoto, mwachitsanzo, chiwombankhanga chagolide.
M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumadera otentha ndipo zikwangwani zimawulukira kumwera zigawo kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Ndipo mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo okhala nyengo yotentha nthawi zambiri sizimayenda maulendo ataliatali, zimasankha moyo wokhazikika pazovuta zomwe zimayenda.
Nyama zazing'ono koyambirira kwa nyengo yawo yachisanu (yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe, mwanjira, zokhazikika pamakhola osamukira) zimapita kumadera akum'mwera ndi makolo awo, omwe amayesa kusunga ndikuteteza ana osadziwa. Komabe, kusunthira kwa kasupe kupita kumalo osungirako amapangidwa ndi mbadwo wokhwima pawokha (monga lamulo, iwo amayambira pang'ono kale kuposa m'badwo wakale).
Njira zazitali sizigonjetsedwa panthawi. Ndipo munthawi zoyenda, mbalame zotere zimapanga imodzi kapena zingapo, zopangidwa mwa nthawi zonse, malo osankhidwa kale, kuyimika. Ndipo nthawi yawo yopuma imakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Cranes zikuuluka nthawi zambiri imakhala yokongola, ikukwera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi mpaka pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi ndi theka, pomwe ikuyenda mumlengalenga, imagwidwa ndi mafunde otentha akukwera. Mphepo ikakhala kuti siyowoneka bwino, imakhala yolumikizana.
Kupanga kwamtunduwu kumachepetsa kukana kwa mpweya ndipo amathandizira kuti oyenda m'mapiko awa apulumutse mphamvu zawo.
Zikafika kumalo odyera, mbalame zotere zimangokhala pamalo awo (gawo loterolo nthawi zambiri limakhala malo okwana ma kilomita angapo) ndikuziteteza mwachangu ku malo okhala nawo. Nthawi yakudzuka kwa mbalame zotere ndi tsiku. M'mawa amadyetsa, monga masanawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za zolengedwa zoyerazi, monga lamulo, zimaphatikizapo kusamalira kwa nthawi yayitali chophimba chawo.
Kodi amadyetsa chiyani korona?
Chithunzi: Korona Woyala wochokera ku Red Book
Korona wokhazikika amadya pafupifupi chilichonse, iwo omwe ali ndi chilakolako chofananacho amatenga chakudya cha nyama ndi masamba.
Maziko a mapepala awo akhoza kukhala:
- njere, mphukira zamizu, mizu, nthawi zina ngakhale njere za m'minda yolima,
- tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nsomba, achule, abuluzi, mbewa, zina zazing'ono zam'madzi ndi ma vertebrates.
Panthawi yachilala, mbalame zimakhamukira ku gulu la nyama zazikulu, ndipo mungapeze mitundu yambiri yamtundu wamadzi wosokonezedwa ndi ziweto. Chifukwa chachilengedwe, samakhala ndi njala ndipo nthawi zonse amatha kudyetsa ana.
M'malo obisika, palinso zovuta za zakudya zawo. Zakudya za kumalo osungira nyama, monga chilengedwe, zimasakanikirana. Zakudya za mmera zimaphatikizapo tirigu, mapira, barele, ndi nyemba zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimalandira masamba ambiri osiyanasiyana. Nyama, nsomba, nyama ya hamarus crustaceans, kanyumba tchizi ndi mbewa amapanga chakudya cha nyama. Pafupifupi, munthu mmodzi wamkulu amafunika pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ya mitundu iwiri ya chakudya tsiku lililonse.
Chochititsa chidwit: Mitundu ya mbalameyi ndiyokhayo wochokera kubanja lakhwangwala lalikulu, chifukwa cha chala chachikulucho, amatha kukhala pamitengo - ndimtondo wawo komwe amakhala usiku. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha izi amasankha nkhuni zazitali za acacias, mitengo yamitengo yambiri.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Makona oyala
Mbalame yovekedwa korona imakonda njira yokhazikika. Komabe, imatha kuyendayenda kutengera nthawi ya chaka popanda kudutsa malire a malo achilengedwe. Kusunthika kwakanthawi komanso tsiku lililonse kutalika kwawo kumatha kufika makilomita angapo. Imagwira ntchito masana, usiku imakonda kupuma mu korona wa mitengo.
Maulendo osochera amachoka m'magulu akulu, kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Ngakhale panthawi yosamukira, achikulire amalankhula kudzera pakumveka kwapakhosi komwe kumathandizira, zomwe zimathandizira kugwirizanitsa bwino zomwe aliyense membala akunyamula. Pakangomera mvula pomwe amadzidulira awiriawiri kuti atenge ndi kuteteza gawo lawo kwa abale awo, komanso atsekwe ndi abakha. Ngati chaka chikhala chosavomerezeka chifukwa cha nyengo, ndiye kuti mikwingwirima ingapo yokhala ndi mikanda ingathe kusasiya nkhosayo ndikudikirira nyengo yabwino yoswa mazira.
Chochititsa chidwi: M'njira zakutchire, akolona ovekedwa korona amakhala pafupifupi mpaka zaka 20-30, m'malo otetezeka ndipo amakhala ndi chakudya choyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera, anthu ena amawoloka mwendo wazaka makumi asanu, womwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma centenarian poyerekeza ndi ena okhala kumalo osungira nyama.
Kufalikira Kwa Korona
Korona wovekedwa korona amakhala m'misasa yomwe ili kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, m'chigawo cha Sahel. Mulinso zofala ku Ethiopia, Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda komanso kum'mawa kwa Africa. Imakonda malo otseguka, omwe amatha kukhala otentha kapena owuma kwambiri. Komabe, zokonda zimaperekedwa m'mphepete mwa malo osungira, mitsinje ya madzi osefukira ndi malo osambira atsopano.
Korona zokhala ndi mphaka zitha kupezekanso m'minda ya mpunga, komanso m'minda yosungidwa chifukwa chinyezi zina zomwe zimakonda chinyontho. Malo olimidwa omwe ali pafupi ndi dziwe nawonso amatchuka.
Korona imapezekanso m'minda ya mpunga kapena mbewu zina zokonda chinyezi.
Nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala nkhwangwa yovekedwa korona mumatha kupeza mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi mitengo ina yomwe mikondoyi imakonda kukhalamo usiku. Korona wovala chisoti chachifumu samawopa anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo oyandikana ndi anthu.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chikwangwani cha Crane Chick
Kutha kwa nkhwangwa zovekedwa korona kumachitika wazaka zitatu. Nthawi yakukhwima, ndipo imagwa nthawi yamvula, achikulire amayamba kusamalirana bwino komanso kuvina kwanyengoyi ndi njira imodzi yosangalatsirana. Panthawi yovina, mbalame zimayesa kukopa chidwi cha omwe atha kukhala nawo. Akakhwawa amaponyera udzu pamwamba, ndikukukukutika ndi mapiko awo. Kuphatikiza apo, amphongo amatha kuyimba, chifukwa amadzaza chikwama cha pakhosi ndikupanga mawu a lipenga. Pa seweroli, woimbayo apukusa mutu wake ndi chisoti chagolide patsogolo, kenako mwadzidzidzi amaponyera kumbuyo.
Kusankha okha, mbalamezo zimayamba kupotoza chisa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sedge kapena udzu wina chifukwa chaichi. Amapeza zisa zawo makamaka m'mphepete mwa malo osungira, pakati pamatumba mwachindunji pamadzi, pomwe yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri mpaka asanu, kutengera zaka za mbalameyo. Kukula kwa dzira kumatha kufika 12 cm, kukhala ndi pinki kapena mtundu wamtambo.
Cranes amaswa mazira kwa mwezi umodzi, pomwe yamphongo imatenganso nawo mbali. Patatha tsiku limodzi anapiye, thupi lake lophimbidwa ndi bulawuni, limatha kuchoka pachisa, koma patatha masiku angapo libwereranso. Pakadali pano, banja la crane limayenda paphiri kukafunafuna chakudya, ndipo litakhuta, limathamangiranso kumalo ogona. Magulu achikulire amaphunzitsa anapiye awo kuti azipeza chakudya, akumapanga mawu osiyanasiyana, “fotokozerani” malamulo amakhalidwe. Kukula kwachichepere kumayamba kuuluka m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.
Kubwezeretsanso ndi moyo wa korona wokongoletsedwa
Korona wovekedwa korona amakonda njira yokhazikika pamoyo, koma kutengera nyengo yomwe amayambira kuyendayenda mkati mwachilengedwe chake. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusamuka masiku onse komanso kwakanthawi kumatha kukhala kwakukulu mtunda wawo ndipo kumakhala makilomita angapo. Wogwira korona wokhala ndi nthawi masana.
Imakonda kusunthidwa, ndipo yayikulu mokwanira, komabe, izi sizikugwirizana ndi nyengo yakubereketsa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yamvula ikayamba, mbalamezi zimagawika magulu awiri otetezedwa omwe amateteza anthu okhalamo, onse kuchokera kwa nthumwi za mitundu yawo, ndi mbalame zina, monga atsekwe ndi abakha.
Ma dimorphism ogonana (kusiyana kowoneka pakati pa amuna ndi akazi) sikutchulidwa korona.
Nthawi yoswana imakhala nthawi yamvula. Chibwenzi chimasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwazomwe zili ndizopanga kuwomba m'manja, zomwe zimatheka chifukwa chakufinya gawo lam'mero ndikutulutsa mpweya kuchokera pamenepo. Zikatero, makokowo amapukusa mutu kutsogolo, kenako ndikuuponyera kumbuyo ndikuwongolera.
Mitundu ina yamasewera ophatikiza matendawa ndi mawu apadera a lipenga omwe amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi nyimbo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya zikwangwani zomwe zimakhala ndi ma tracheas atali. Nthawi yomweyo, masewera a matching amatha kukhala limodzi ndi mavinidwe ophatikizika, omwe amaphatikizapo kupukusa mutu wanu, kuponyera ziguduli za udzu, mapiko akuwuluka, kugwa pansi ndi kugunda.
Dera lokhalamo zocheperako ndi laling'ono ndipo limayambira mahekitala 10 mpaka 40, komabe gawo laling'ono ili limatetezedwa mosamalitsa kuchokera ku mbalame zina. Chisa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo chimamangidwa, monga lamulo, kuchokera kumata, koma pakalibe udzu wina ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Imapezeka pafupi ndi madzi, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale pamadzi, pamitundu yambiri.
Chizindikiro cha akrona akorona ndi chizolowezi pamphumi.
Mazira omwe mkazi amayikira ndi a pinki kapena abuluu opanda mawanga. Chiwerengero chawo chimachokera ku ziwiri mpaka zisanu, koma pafupifupi - awiri ndi theka. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe kuyambira pa 28 mpaka 31 masiku. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo gawo limodzi pakuchulukitsa mazira, ngakhale wamkazi amakhala makamaka ndi izi.
Ma ntchofu otsekemera mazira amakhala pansi ndipo amatha kuchokapo kale mchisa patsiku, ngakhale,, monga lamulo, amabwerera kumeneko asanadutse masiku awiri kapena atatu. Amphaka atangooneka, banjali limasintha malo awo okhala, kusamukira kumalo abwinopo a udzu komwe angadyeko malangizo a mphukira ndi tizilombo. Pambuyo pa masiku 60-100, anapiye amakhala amphaka.
Munthawi yowuma, ma crona ovala korona amawuluka kupita kumalo okwezeka ndipo amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi magulu akuluakulu a nyama, momwe mungapezeko nyama zambirimbiri zam'madzi zomwe zimasokonekera chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka ng'ombe. Ngati chaka chathunthu, banja losavomerezeka silingasiye gulu lawo nkukangolisiya.
Ubwenzi ukhoza kumayendetsedwa ndi kuvina kozungulira, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuwombera, kulumphira, mapiko akuuluka, ndi zina zambiri.
Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe Okhala Nawo
Chithunzi: Makona oyala
Kuthengo, mbalame zamtchire zosiyanasiyana, zodya nyama zaku Africa zitha kuwononga moyo wawo. Achichepere amamenyedwa nthawi zambiri, nthawi zina ana amafa ngakhale dzira lisanabadwe, popeza pali ambiri omwe amafuna kuwadya ndipo makolo alibe mphamvu zowateteza. Nthawi zina, pofuna kudziteteza kwa adani, mbalame zimatha kugona usikuwo pamadzi.
Kupangitsa chidwi cha adani a mbalame zokongola'zi, palibe chomwe chingathandize kudziwa kuti kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero chawo sikunachitike chifukwa cha mbalame zamtchire ndi nyama, koma anthu ndi zomwe akuchita. Korona zovekedwa zimagwidwa zochuluka kuti zithandizenso mbalame zakunja kumalo osungira nyama.
M'mafuko ena a ku Africa kuno, cholengedwa ichi chimadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha kutukuka komanso mwayi, chifukwa chake mabanja ambiri olemera amakonda kupeza malo awo osungira nyama. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zochuluka zochuluka zatulutsidwa, m'malo mwake anthu akuchita nawo ulimi. Cranes imazimiririka chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, kuphwanyidwa kwa zinthu zabwino m'miyoyo yawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ntchito zamankhwala osiyanasiyana ophatikiza mankhwala azirombo kumathandizanso ndi mbalamezi, chifukwa chakudya chake chimaphatikizapo mbewu zambiri ndi makoswe omwe amakhala pafupi ndi minda.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi korona wokongoletsedwa amawoneka bwanji?
Mu chilengedwe, pali anthu opitilira 40,000 ovala nduwira, omwe ndi okwanira kubereka, komabe, mawonekedwe amtunduwu a nkhanu amawonedwa ngati osatetezeka ndipo adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, choopseza chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa zovekedwa korona zachilengedwe ndikugwira ndi kugulitsa mbalame.
Ndizofunikira kwambiri ku Mali ndi mayiko ena ambiri a ku Africa, komwe kumakhalabe mwambo wosungira mbalame zapakhomozi kunyumba. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe ambiri ku Europe ndi ku Asia akufuna kupeza cholengedwa chokongola ndi korona wagolide. Kugulitsa ming'alu yokongola mochititsa chidwi kwachulukira pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi.
Paulendo wawo wosaloledwa kunja kwa kontrakitala, opitilira theka la anthu amafa. Pali nkhondo yolimbana ndi kugwidwa kosaloledwa kwa mbalame, maunyolo ogawidwa azindikiridwa, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa anthu okhala mmaiko ambiri aku Africa komanso kukwera mitengo kwa korona wakuda pamsika wakuda, ntchito zovomerezeka zikungokulira. Zamoyo izi sizimawopa anthu konse, choncho ndizosavuta kumugwira, zomwe zimakulitsa vutoli ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa anthu ake.
Chitetezo cha Korona Wokhala ndi Korona
Chithunzi: Korona Woyala wochokera ku Red Book
Wokhala ndi nduwira zachilengedwe pamakhoma amatetezedwa. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwakukulu, pali chizolowezi chotsika, pomwe kuchepa kukuchulukirachulukira.
Pali magawo awiri momwe ntchito ikugwiridwira ntchito yosungira anthu ovala korona kumibadwo yotsatira:
- kuletsa kusaloledwa kosaloledwa kwa mbalame zosakhala bwino, ndikuthamangitsa zilango zamtunduwu. Maulamuliro oyenera amayiko onse amagwira ntchito mosamala, chifukwa ndi njira iyi yomwe tingadalire zotsatira zazikulu,
- Kusunga malo okhala nkhwangwa, ndiko kuti, madambo okhala ndi madzi abwino, mitsinje yamavula, yomwe m'zaka zaposachedwa idatulutsidwa, ndipo m'mizinda mwamangidwa malo ake, malo olimapo adalimidwa.
Mukasiya nduwira yachifumu ndekha, itetezeni ku zinthu zowonongeka za anthu, ndiye kuti imatha kubwezeretsa anthu ake mwachangu ndikusintha mtundu wa mitundu yake kukhala m'gulu la okhazikika. Tsoka ilo, nyengo kuti ipange phindu losavuta, anthu saganiza za tsogolo la zidzukulu zawo ndi zidzukulu zazikulu, omwe, pamlingo woterewu wotsika pamtundu wa anthu omwe ali ndi korona, titha kungowayanja mu zoo kapena zithunzi m'mabuku a zoology.
Korona Wokhala - Ino ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri, yopatsa chidwi komanso yokongola modabwitsa. Amatha kutchedwa mfumu ya banja lonse lankhondo. Kuyenda kwawo kosalala komanso kuvina kwachilendo kwaukwati, komwe kumawonedwa pokhapokha pokhapokha, ndizosangalatsa. Chifukwa choti akutetezedwa ndi mayiko ena, tikukhulupirira kuti mbadwa zathu zakutali zitha kuwona zovina zachilendozi.
Moyo & Kuberekanso
Kumakhala moyo wokhalitsa, komabe, kutengera nyengo, imatha kuyendayenda mkati mwachilengedwe. Kusunthika kwakanthawi kapena kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri ndipo kumakhala pafupifupi ma kilomita. Yogwira masana. Kunja kwa nthawi yoswana, imakhala m'gulu la ziweto, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu, kumayambiriro kwa mvula, mbalamezo zimadzikhadzula ndi kudzipatula, kuteteza gawo lawo osati kung'ono chabe, komanso mbalame zina monga abakha ndi atsekwe.
Nthawi yoswana imakhala nthawi yamvula. Chibwenzi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi chitha kufotokozeredwa m'njira zingapo, imodzi ikupanga mawu osokoneza ndikuphwanya ndi kutulutsa mpweya kummero. Pakadali pano, akanjawa amaweramitsa mitu yawo, kenako, ndikusunthira lakuthwa, awaponyetse. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimatha kupanga kulira kwa lipenga kosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya crane yomwe ili ndi ma tracheas atali. Ubwenzi ukhoza kumayendetsedwa ndi kuvina koyerekeza, komwe kumaphatikizaponso kuluma, kudumphira m'mapiko, kukupiza mapiko, kumatula udzu kapena kugwedeza mutu.
Dera lokhalamo zocheperako ndizocheperako ndipo limakhala mahekitala 10 mpaka 40, komabe, limatetezedwa mosamalitsa kuti mbalame zina zisagwe. Chisa chozungulira chimamangidwa kuchokera kumakoma kapena udzu wina pafupi ndi madzi kapena kulowa mkati mwa masamba. Yaikazi imayala 2-5 (pafupifupi 2,5) mazira abuluu kapena ofiira opanda mawanga. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 28-31. Makolo onse awiri amatenga nawo gawo la kulowetsa, ngakhale nthawi yayitali wamkazi amakhala pachisa.
Anapiye osowa amaphimbidwa ndi fluff ndipo amatha kuchoka chisa mu tsiku limodzi, ngakhale atabwerako patatha masiku awiri. Posakhalitsa banjali limasamukira kumalo okhala udzu komwe amadyetsa tizilombo kapena malangizo. Chingwe chimakhala cha kumapiko atatha masiku 60-100.
M'nyengo yamvula, ma crane amasuntha ndikukwera ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi ziweto zazikulu, momwe mumakhala nyama zambiri zosokoneza. M'chaka chosasangalatsa, banjali likhalabe mu paketi.
Zowopsa
Choopseza chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa mbalame zamtunduwu chimatchedwa kugwira ndikugulitsa kwa mbalamezi. M'mayiko ena akumadzulo kwa Africa, monga Mali, pali mwambo wosunga mbalamezi kunyumba. Komabe, pazaka 30 zapitazi, malonda apadziko lonse lapansi amtunduwu akula kwambiri, zomwe zidakhudza chiwerengero chonse cha mbalame. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa zinthu zowonongeka zimatchedwa kuchepa kwa dera la bogs chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.
Kuberekanso komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo chamakoko
Ma crane osamukira, kubwerera kumalo omwe adzakhale ndi chisa cham'mawa, amavina, komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi kuyimba kwa mbalame. Nyama zokongola izi zimayenda ndi chovala, kupukusa mapiko awo ndikuuluka.
Zovina zoterezi kumapeto kwa nyengo yakukhwima ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwakuti zidatengedwa ndi munthu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan ndi Kareya kunali kuvina kwachikunja, komwe ochita masewerawa amatsata kayendedwe ka mbalame zotere.
M'makhola, ndichizolowezi kukhalabe okhulupirika kwa wokondedwayo mpaka kumwalira, chifukwa chake awiriawiri a zolengedwa zamphongozi samatha popanda chifukwa chomveka. Oimira mitundu yosamukira nthawi zambiri amasankha anzawo ngakhale m'malo otentha.
Misewu yokhazikika yomwe imakhala m'madela abwino, monga lamulo, zimaswana nthawi yonyowa, popeza kulibe chakudya panthawiyi, zomwe ndizofunikira pakubala ndi kulera anapiye.
Cranes amabisa zisa zawo zazikulu (ali ndi maincheya mpaka mamitala angapo) mu udzu wowonda womwe umamera m'makona otetezeka m'mphepete mwa maiwe kapena m'madambo. Kuti awapangire, amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi zomangira, timitengo tosavuta kumanga - udzu wouma.
Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yambiri yam'madzi imakhala ndi mazira awiri, koma mitundu ina yokha imakhala isanu. Mazira amapezeka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zitha kukhala, mwachitsanzo, zoyera kapena zabuluu, koma nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa dzira ndizodzaza ndi mawanga.
Kubwezeretsa kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi, kenako zikwangwani zimagwera pansi. Koma nthenga izi zimakutidwa ndi nthenga zenizeni miyezi yochepa chabe. Mbadwo wachichepere ukukula mwachangu. Koma oimawo amafika paunyamata wawo pasanathe zaka zinayi pambuyo pake (kwa Cranes zaku Siberi pasanathe zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake).
Korona Pakati pa fuko lokhala ndi mbewa zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wautali. M'badwo wa mbalame zoterezi mwachilengedwe umakhala wazaka 20 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo zolengedwa zam'mapiko zofananira zomwe zimamangidwa, nthawi zina zimakhala zaka 80.
Ara parrot
Dzina lachi Latin: | Gruidae |
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Giredi: | Mbalame |
Gulu: | Wonga Crane |
Banja: | Korona |
Jenda: | Mbale |
Kutalika: | 90-180 cm |
Kutalika kwa mapiko: | 75-115 cm |
Wingspan | 150-230 cm |
Kulemera: | 2-8 kg |
Mkhalidwe Wodziwika Wodziwika Bwino
Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, mitundu iyi ya nkhanu ili ndi mtundu wamtundu wovutikira. Kuwopsa kwa anthu ovala korona kumachitika makamaka pakubwera ndi malonda a mbalamezi. M'mayiko angapo omwe ali kumadzulo kwa Africa, monga Mali, pali mwambo wosunga nduna zachifumu kunyumba.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kwa imvi kwa zaka makumi atatu, malonda apadziko lonse lapansi mumakoko ovekedwa kolimba akukulira, zomwe sizingakhudze chiwerengero chonse cha mbalamezi. Kuphatikiza apo, chowonongeka ndikuchepetsa madambo, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zachuma cha anthu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Crane watsala pang'ono kunyamuka
Korona ndi mbalame zokongola. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yayitali yopyapyala, khosi lalitali lopindika pang'ono, mutu wochepa komanso mulomo wakuthwa. Thupi limakhala moyang'ana pansi. Mchira wake umakhala wautali, wopindika. Madera ozungulira maso alibe. Mapiko a kakhola ndiotakata, atali, omata kumapeto.
Korona idakutumula mapiko ake
Mu kuchuluka kwa mbalame pali mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera. Mwa mitundu yina, amathandizidwa ndi ma brown, abuluu, ma toni achikasu. Pamutu nthawi zambiri pamakhala zikaso zachikaso ndi zofiira.
Makatani awiri oyenda
Zingwezo zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi zimakhala ndi zala zazikulu, ndipo mlomo wawo ndi khosi ndizitali kuposa mbalame zomwe zimangokhala pamalo opondera komanso kudya nyama zamtchire. Mutu wa mitundu ina ya nkhanu (korona wokongoletsedwa ndi korona wakummawa) umakongoletsedwa ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba nthenga zowonda zagolide.
Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna: zofanana ndi zosiyana
Chikho chachikazi ndi chachimuna
Kuonera zolaula m'miyala sikufotokozedwanso. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumaawonedwa ndi kukula kwa akhwangwala. Korona wamkazi nthawi zonse imakhala yocheperako kuposa yamphongo. Thupi lake silili loonda, ndipo mulomo ndi wamfupikitsa. Matako a amuna amakhala aatali komanso amphamvu, khosi limakhala lozama.
Habitat
Chithunzi cha crane pafupi ndi posungira
Cranes amakhala m'malo opezeka pafupi ndi madzi abwino. Pofuna kupeza chisa, malo opezeka kusefukira ndi madzi am'madzi amasankhidwa. Kakhalidwe kamakhwawa a ku Australia ndi nyanja zamchere. Belladonna ndi mbalame zovekedwa korona zimakhala kumapiri. Kamba yakuda imakhala pafupi ndi dambo lamapiri a taiga ndipo imakhala m'malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri yamitengo. Njanji zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi munthu, zimakhala pafupi ndi minda yolimidwa.
Mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi
Ndege ya Crane
Mitundu isanu ndi inayi mwa khumi ndi isanu ya nkhanu - mbalame zosamukira. M'dzinja, makamaka pakati pa Seputembala, mbalame zimathamangira ku gulu la nkhosa ndipo zimawulukira nthawi yachisanu kum'mwera. Cranes nesting ku Europe gawo la Russia nthawi yachisanu kumwera kwa Europe (Spain) ndi kumpoto kwa Africa (Algeria, Morocco). Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumadzulo kwa Siberia nyengo yachisanu ku India. Ng'ombe za kum'mawa zimasamukira nthawi yachisanu kupita kumwera kwa China. Mabanja am'mawa akutali aku Asia amapita ku Southeast Asia.
Chithunzi cha makoko akumwamba
Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi mwa khumi ndi isanu ili malo okhala. Makina ena amapanga kusuntha kwakanthawi munyengo zawo. Kutengera nyengo nyengo, mbalame zimasamuka tsiku ndi tsiku kapena nyengo. Nyengo yamvula, ma cranes amawuluka kwamakilomita 500-600 kupita komwe kulibe mvula, kenako nkubwereranso kumalo osungirako zinyalala.
Chakudya cha Crane
Crane imayenda kudutsa mundawo
Korona ndi mbalame zopatsa chidwi. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zikumera, ma tubers, mbewu za mitengo. Chithandizo chapadera cha mbalame ndi mizu yomera. Zing'onoting'ono za tizilombo touluka, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala m'madzi, abuluzi, mikanda, olengedwa ndi crustaceans amadya.
Mawu A Crane
Crane akusambira munyanja
Nyimbo zomwe zimvekedwa ndi kambukuzi zili ngati kung'ung'udza kwamtsinje wamapiri kapena phokoso la chida choimbira. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, mbalame zimafuula mokweza "Kur-ly - Kur-ly." Cranes nthawi zonse amayimba nyimbo ya duet - mbalame imodzi imayamba kuimba ndi "nkhuku" zowoneka bwino, ndipo yachiwiri imatenga "ly". Mbalame zikaimba mu tandem, nyimbo yopitilira imapezeka, momwe mawu oti "kurly" amamveka bwino. Ngati mbalame ivota yokha, ndiye zimangomveka mawu oti "nkhuku".
Mu nthawi yakukhwima, akazi ndi amuna amayimba nyimbo zokhala ndi nyimbo zomwe zimaphatikizika "skoko-kosko-skosko-koko". Nyimboyi imayimbidwa ndi kutuluka kwa dzuŵa ndipo amatonthola chifukwa cha kucha.
Wachikazi
Dzira mazira pachisa
Onsewa akuchita ntchito yomanga chisa. Nesting imakonzedwa pansi, m'nkhalango. Chisa chimapangidwa ndi nthambi zowuma ndi nthambi, ndikuzilumikiza ndi masamba. Nyumba yomalizidwa ndi mbale yosaya. Mbalame zimakhala mchisa chimodzi kwa zaka zingapo. Chaka chilichonse patatha nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakonza nyumbayo ndi kukhazikikamo.
Anapiye a crane
Mwana wankhandwe amangoswa kuchokera mu dzira
Mu clutch, mazira awiri. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mazira 4-5. Cranes okhala kumpoto amakhala ndi mazira achikasu achikasu. Mbalame zakum'mwera zimakhala ndi mazira oyera amtundu wobiriwira. Pamazira amitundu yonse ya njanji, malo amtundu wakuda ndiwosakhalapo.
Chithunzi cha mwana wankhuku wa crane m'manja mwa munthu
Ana amaswedwa ndi makolo onse nawonso. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 28-31. Nthochi zimawoneka kale, ndipo pakatha masiku 28 zayamba kuchuluka. Mtundu wa nthenga za nyama zazing'ono ndi wofiyira, pakatha zaka ziwiri zokha moyo umakhala wofanana ndi ma crala achikulire. Achichepere amawona bwino, ali otakataka ndipo amatenga masitepe oyambira patatha masiku 7-10. Zachilengedwe zimapangidwa mwadongosolo kotero kuti mikwingwirima yoswedwa nthawi yomweyo imakhala oyimbirana. Mwana wankhuku yamphamvu komanso okhwima amayesetsa kukankha mchimwene wake kapena mlongo wake kuti asachotsere chisa kapena kumuyendetsa. Pakupita milungu iwiri, malingaliro ampikisano amatha.
Amayi ndi anapiye
Mbalame zachikulire zimadyetsa njirazi kwa miyezi itatu. Pofika masiku 30 amoyo, anapiyewo amakhala pa mapiko. Kholo laling'ono limasiya chisa cha makolo ali ndi zaka 2-2,5.
Banja lakhwangwala limaphatikizapo mitundu inayi ya genera ndi mitundu 15. Asayansi ena akuphatikizira mu banja la crane omwe amakhalabe agwedeza amkokomo ndi malipenga. Komabe, malinga ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi, mitunduyi ndi ya mabanja ena.
Korona wamba (Grus rubicunda)
Ma cranes aku Australia akuyenda pafupi ndi madzi
Mawonekedwe: kutalika kwamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu kumafika mita 1.5-1.8. Ma cranes aku Australia amakhala ndi miyendo yayitali yofiirira, mlomo wamtali wautoto wonyezimira. Zowonjezera za thupi zimachita imvi, zokhala ndi mapiko m'mapiko. Pali chingwe chofiirira pamaso a khosi, zakuda zakuda, ndi maso a lalanje. Kugawa: crane waku Australia amakhala kum'mawa chakum'mwera kwa equator - ku Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea.
Zowoneka: makatoni amtunduwu amakonda kudya tubers a mbewu zobzalidwa.
Chikwangwani cha ku Japan (Grus japonensis)
Kuvina Kasewera
Mawonekedwe: Makina aku Japan amalemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 9, kukula - mpaka ma sentimita 130. Mtundu wa ma cranes aku Japan ndi wakuda ndi woyera. Thupi loyera kwathunthu, mchira ndi kutsogolo kwa khosi kumakhala kwakuda. Pali malo ofiira kumbuyo kwa mutu. Miyendo ndi maso ndi imvi zakuda; mulomo ndiwofiirira.
Kugawa: Makina oyendetsa ndege aku Japan ali m'gulu la mbalame zosamukira. Nest m'malo otentha ku East Asia (Far East ndi Japan). Nyengo ku China, Korea.
Mating nyengo yamakhola aku Japan
Zowonjezera: Korinto yaku Japan - mitundu yosowa yomwe yalembedwa mu Red Book. Mayina ena: Ussuri crane kapena Crane Manchurian.
Crane waku India (Grus antigone)
Crane Awiri
Maonekedwe: kutalika kwa njira zaku India kumafika masentimita 180, ndi kulemera kwa thupi kilogalamu 7-12. Zambiri za mbalame za buluu zaku India. Khosi limakhala la imvi, pali mapiko achikasu kumapiko, mchira wake ndiwosuta. Mbali yakumtunda ya khosi, nape ndi mbali za mutu ndi zofiira, chisoti chachifumu ndi chakuda, mulomo ndi imvi, miyendo ndi yapinki.
Kugawa: Magalimoto oyenda ku India amakhala ku North India, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Kanthu kakang'ono kamakhala kumpoto kwa Australia.
Korona waku India akufuna chakudya
Zopezeka: kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu ya mbalame zaku India ndi ma morphology osiyanasiyana
- a.antigone - yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa kolala kwa nthenga zoyera pakhosi ndi nthenga zoyera zouluka.
- a. sharpii - kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndi zofiirira.
- a. gilli ndi magulu amtundu wa ku Australia.
Mabizinesi achidule: G. a. luzonica ndi masamba a Filipino.
Crop Whooping Crane (Grus americana)
Korona wamwamuna ndi wamkazi
Mawonekedwe: mbalame imodzi ndi theka mbalame zopaka zoyera. Miyendo ndi imvi. Nkhope yofiyira komanso kofiyira, kolimba komanso lalitali.
Kugawa: Mtunduwu umakhala ku North America. Amakhala moyo wongokhala. Chimakhala m'mphepete momera ndi udzu wambiri.
Khungu Lofufuma
Zinthu: Mitundu yachilendo kwambiri yamakhoti, omwe adalembedwa mu Red Book. Anthuwa amakhala m'malo otetezedwa ku America.
Crane Wodzala (Bugeranus carunculatus)
Chithunzi cha Korona Wakolo
Mawonekedwe: zingwe zamkati zili ndi mawonekedwe apadera - pamunsi pa mulomo pali zopindika zazitali zazikopa zamtundu wofiira - "mphete". Nthenga za mchira, underwings ndi kumbuyo kwakumbuyo ndi zakuda, thupi lakumbuyo ndi loyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Miyendo ndi imvi, maso ndi ofiira.
Kugawa: mawonekedwe okhala. Amakhala ku West ndi South Africa.
Mawonekedwe: mtundu umodzi wokha wa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya crane, kutengera kwambiri malo a marshy.
Gray Crane (Grus grus, kapena Grus communis)
Makongoleredwe amtundu wakuuluka
Mawonekedwe: thupi ndi lopaka imvi, mchira wofiyira pali mithunzi yofiirira komanso yakuda. Kutsogolo kwa khosi kuli imvi. Pali malo ofiira kumbuyo kwa mutu. Maso ndi ofiira. "Panties" - miyendo yakumaso yakumaso - imvi. Miyendo yakuda ndipo mulomo wake ndi wopepuka. Korani yaimvi yachikazi imapakidwa utoto wonyezimira bwino.
Kugawa: khungubwi imakhala ku Eurasia, nthawi yachisanu kum'mwera kwa Africa, kumpoto kwa Africa, India ndi Saudi Arabia.
Koyambilira kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kakhalire pa imvi
Mawonekedwe: amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya crane, komabe, kuchuluka kwa imvi kukuchepera mosavomerezeka. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuchepa kwa malo oyenera nesting, kuyanika kwa mitsinje ndi madambo.
Crane ya Siberian kapena Korani Woyera (Grus leucogeranus)
Ma Cranes awiri aku Siberian ku Meadow
Mawonekedwe: mbalame ya sing'anga kukula (kutalika mpaka masentimita 140, kulemera - 5-8 kilogalamu), yokhala ndi thupi lochepera, miyendo yochepa komanso khosi lalifupi. Zowonjezera za thupi ndizoyera, nkhope ndi zofiira, miyendo yake ndi yotuwa, mulomo ndi wofiirira.
Kugawa: ma crane oyera amakhala kumpoto kwa Russia. Cranes akuwopsezedwa kuti adzawonongedwa ndipo alembedwa pa Red Book lapadziko lonse.
Sterkh mu dambo
Mawonekedwe: ma Cranes a Siberia ali ndi mlomo wosazolowereka - mano ambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwamkati, pomwe mbalame imatha kugwira nsomba zoterera ndikang'amba mizu mobisa.
Daurian Crane (Grus vipio)
Chithunzi cha Crane Daurian
Mawonekedwe: Thunthu, mchira ndi kutsogolo kwa khosi kulijambulidwa ndimtundu wakuda. Kuseri kwa khosi ndi mutu kuli koyera. Pafupipafupi maso pali timamba tofiira tofiira. Miyendo yake ndi yapinki, mulomo ndi wobiriwira.
Kugawa: Magulu ankhondo aku Daurian amakhala ku Mongolia, China, South Korea.
Mawonekedwe: Mtundu wachilendo, chiwerengerocho ndi mbalame 4900-5300.
Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis)
Misewu Yaku Canada Pakati Pazitali
Mawonekedwe: makhwawa aku Canada ali ndi thupi looneka ngati mbiya komanso miyendo yayitali yopyapyala, khosi limafupikitsidwa. Mlomo ndi wokulirapo pakatikati. Mtundu wa thupi ndi wonyezimira. Khosi ndilobiriwira, miyendo yakuda. Madera ozungulira maso ndi ofiira. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mbalame ndi ma kilogalamu 4, kutalika - masentimita 120.
Kugawa: Makamu a gulu la Canada amakhala kumpoto kwa America ndi ku Chukotka.
Mawonekedwe: mitundu yambiri yamakhara. Chiwerengero cha mbalamezi ndi mbalame 650,000.
Korani yakuda-yakuda (Grus nigricollis)
Kamba wamakedzana wakuda amaphimba mapiko ake
Maonekedwe: mbalame zokhala ndi gawo lalitali, lokhazikika molimba thupi komanso khosi lolowedwa mwamphamvu. Thupi limapakidwa imvi, mutu ndi khosi ndipo mchira wokongola umakhala wakuda. Pali malo omwe ali ndi maroon pamwamba pamaso. Miyendo ndi maso zakuda.
Kugawa: mbalame zimakhala ku Tibet, China ndi India. Kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala. Sapezeka mu Alps.
Chithunzi cha nkhwangwa yakuda
Zinthu: Makoko amiyendo yakuda saopa anthu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.
Demoiselle Crane, Demoiselle kapena Crane yaying'ono (Anthropoides virgo)
Chithunzi belu pafupi
Mawonekedwe: membala wocheperako wa banja la crane. Kulemera kwa mbalame sikupitirira ma kilogalamu atatu, ndipo kutalika kwa crane ndi masentimita 85-90. Zowonjezera za thupi ndizosuta. Nthenga pansi pa mchira, pakhosi ndi pamutu zakuda. Pachifuwa pali mulu wa nthenga zazitali zakuda.
Kugawa: pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mbalame yomwe imakhala mma 47 padziko lapansi. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha njanji zazing'ono zimawonedwa ku Russia, Central Asia, ndi Africa. Makulu awiriawiri a chisa cha belu ku Turkey.
Belladonna pafupi ndi dziwe
Mawonekedwe: crane yaying'ono, mosiyana ndi achibale awo, imakonda kukhala m'mapiri okhala ndi masamba owuma.
Crane of Paradise, Demoiselle kapena Stanley Crane (Anthropoides parus)
Korona wa paradiso amafunafuna chakudya
Mawonekedwe: mbalame ya kutalika kwa mita ndikulemera makilogalamu 2-2,5. Amakhala ndi mutu waukulu, mlomo waifupi, wamtali komanso mchira wautali. Mtundu wamafuta - mithunzi yonse ya imvi.
Kugawa: kawonedwe ka paradiso komwe kumakhala madera akumwera kwa Africa, makamaka 99% ya mbalamezi zimakhala ku South Africa, zisa zazing'ono ku Namibia.
Korona wa Paradiso M'munda Wosatha
Zambiri: Nyengo ya belladonna ku Africa kumapiri. M'chilimwe, zisa paminda.
Crane Crowned Crane (Balearica regorum)
Korona Wakum'mawa Ku Flight
Mawonekedwe: mbalame mpaka masentimita 120 kutalika, kulemera kwa thupi - 3-4 kilogalamu. Zowonjezera zam'mbuyo ndi pamimba ndi imvi-buluu yokhala ndi khosi lowala. Malekezero a mapikowo ndi oyera. Nthenga zofiirira komanso zofiira zimamera mchira. Korona wa lalanje amakhala kumbuyo kwa mutu. Miyendo yayitali ndi imvi, lalifupi komanso lalifupi ndi lakuda.
Kugawa: Korona wakumpoto wokhala kum'mawa amakhala makamaka kum'mawa kwa Africa. Kuyang'ana kopatsa.
Pair of Crowned Cranes
Mawonekedwe: ma cranes ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wosasuntha. Mbalame zimasunthira kwakanthawi mkati mwa malo awo okha, kumawuluka chilala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Crane Wakuda (Grusmonacha)
Korona wakuda amamwa madzi mnyanjamo
Maonekedwe: pafupifupi mbalame kutalika mita 1, kulemera kwa thupi - 2.8-3,5 kilogalamu. Thupi lakuda, khosi ndi mutu wake ndi zoyera. Mphumi ndi yakuda, ndipo mulomo wawutali, wokulirapo ndi bulawuni. Miyendo ndi imvi.
Kugawa: anthu ochepa crane wakuda (padziko lapansi pali mbalame 9.5,000) zisa makamaka ku Russia. Magulu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka ku China ndi South Korea.
Chithunzi cha crane chakuda chithaphwi
Mawonekedwe: mbalame izi zimakhala moyo wobisalira, chisa makamaka m'malo osafikirika a nsonga zapamwamba za taiga. Chisa chakuda chamakedzana chinapezeka koyamba mu 1974. Mitundu yachilendo, yolembedwa mu Red Book.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za cranes
Chithunzi cha crane chakuda pafupi
- Khwangwala ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, mbalamezi zili ndi zaka pafupifupi 60 miliyoni.
- Ku China ndi ku Africa, nkhwangwa ndi mbalame yamtundu.
- Kummawa, ma cranes amalemekezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha moyo wautali, kukhala ndi banja labwino, kukhulupirika komanso chikondi.
- Khwangwala ndiye mbalame yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi yomwe imatha kuuluka.
- Kwawo kwa cranes ndi North America.
- Ndipo ku Russia, crane ndi chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika muukwati.
- Adani akuluakulu achilengedwewo ndi mimbulu, nkhandwe, ankhandwe, zimbalangondo, chiwombankhanga chagolide.
- Mu 1973, mabungwe azaumoyo ku US anakhazikitsa thumba lotetezera nkhanu padziko lonse lapansi.