Kitoglav - Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu yamadzi yomwe imatha kudziwika mosayamika chifukwa cha mulomo wake "wowoneka ngati nsapato", womwe umapatsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kukumbukira kukumbukira komwe kunachokera mbalame kuchokera ku ma dinosaurs. Mitunduyi idapezeka m'maiko asanu ndi anayi a ku Africa ndipo ili ndi malo ambiri, koma imapezeka m'malo ochepa omwe amakhala mozungulira madambo ndi madambo.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Kitoglav anali wodziwika pakati pa Aigupto akale ndi Aluya, koma sanatchulidwe mpaka m'zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe zitsanzo zamoyo zinabweretsedwa ku Europe. A John Gould adafotokoza zamtunduwu mu 1850, amadzitcha Balaeniceps rex. Dzinali limachokera ku mawu achi Latin akuti balaena "whale" ndi caput "mutu", omwe amafupikitsidwa - amapezeka m'mawu ovuta. Aarabu amatcha mbalameyi abu marcub, zomwe zikutanthauza "nsapato."
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Mbawala ya Mbalame
Shoebills ndi yekhayo membala wa mtundu wa Balaeniceps komanso yekhayo wamoyo pabanja la Balaenicipitidae. Izi ndi mbalame zazitali, zowoneka mochititsa mantha, zotalika 110 mpaka 140 cm, ndipo zoyerekeza zina zimafikira masentimita 152. Kutalika kuyambira mchira mpaka mulomo kumatha kutalika kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 1401 cm, mapiko ndi kuyambira pa 230 mpaka 260 cm. Amuna ali ndi milomo italiitali. . Kulemera akuti akuti amasiyana ndi 4 mpaka 7 kg. Wamphongo azikhala wolemera pafupifupi 5.6 kg kapena kupitirira, ndipo mkazi wamba amakhala 4.9 kg.
Ziwonetserozo ndi imvi zokhala ndi imvi zakuda. Mitundu yoyambira imakhala ndi malangizo akuda, ndipo mitundu yachiwiriyo imakhala yolimba. Thupi lotsika limakhala ndi mthunzi wopepuka wa imvi. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli mtolo wocheperako wa nthenga womwe umatha kudzutsa muzinthu. Mwana wankhuku wamtchire yemwe amangoti wadulidwa kumene amakhala wokutidwa ndi thonje lofiirira, ndipo ali ndi mthunzi wakuda kwambiri kuposa imvi.
Chochititsa chidwi: Malinga ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala, mbalameyi ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zisanu zokongola kwambiri ku Africa. Palinso zithunzi za ku Egypt zokhala ndi phazi la whale.
Mlomo wa convex ndiye chinthu chodziwika kwambiri cha mbalameyo ndipo imafanana ndi boti lamatabwa, lokhala ngati udzu wokhala ndi zilembo zosakhazikika. Uku ndikumanga kwakukulu komaliza ndi mbeza yoluka. Mandibles (mandibles) ali ndi m'mbali lakuthwa komwe kamathandiza kugwira ndikudya nyama. Khosi limakhala laling'ono komanso laling'ono kuposa mbalame zina zazitali zam'miyendo, zokhala ngati akolona ndi heron. Maso ake ndi akulu komanso achikasoaso oyera. Miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yamtambo. Zala zazitali ndizotalikirapo komanso zopatukana popanda mawonekedwe pakati pawo.
Kodi mutu wa whale umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kitoglav ku Zambia
Mitunduyi imafalikira ku Africa ndipo imakhala kum'mawa pakati pakati.
Magulu akuluakulu a mbalame ndi:
- kum'mwera kwa Sudan (makamaka ku White Nile)
- m'malo otentha kumpoto kwa Uganda,
- kumadzulo kwa Tanzania,
- m'malo akum'mawa kwa Congo,
- kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Zambia mu dambo la Bangweulu,
- Kuchulukana kumapezeka kumadera akum'mawa a Zaire ndi Rwanda.
Mtunduwu umachulukana kwambiri kum'mwera kwa West Nile komanso madera ozungulira kum'mwera kwa Sudan. Milandu yakutali yanyumba zokhala ndi chinsomba yadziwika ku Kenya, kumpoto kwa Cameroon, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia ndi Malawi. Anthu osoweka adawonedwa kumapeto kwa Okavango, Botswana ndi kumapiri kwa Mtsinje wa Congo. Shoebill ndi mbalame yosasunthika yosayenda pang'ono nyengo chifukwa chakusintha kwa malo okhala, kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi nkhawa za anthu.
Kitoglavs amasankhidwa ndi madambo amadzi abwino komanso madambo akuluakulu, owuma. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo osefukira madzi okhala mkati mwa pepala la tsinde ndi bango. Chule cha chinsomba chikakhala m'dera lokhala ndi madzi akuya, chimafunika kukhala ndi masamba ambiri oyandama. Amakondanso matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi opanda mpweya wabwino. Izi zimapangitsa nsomba zomwe zimakhala pamenepo kuti zizingoyenda pansi pafupipafupi, ndikuwonjezera mwayi woti agwidwe.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe mbalamezo zimakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi chinsomba chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kitoglav kapena Royal Heron
Kitoglava amathera nthawi yawo yambiri akuyang'ana chakudya cham'madzi. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zawo zokometsa kumakhala ndi ma detibrates onyowa.
Amaganiza kuti mitundu yomwe amakonda yamigodi ndi monga:
- marble protopter (P. aethiopicus),
- Senegalese polyoper (P. senegalus),
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tilapia,
- nsomba zamtchire (Silurus).
Zakudya zina zomwe zimadyedwa ndi mtunduwu ndi monga:
Popeza mlomo wawukuluwo ndi m'mbali lakuthwa, komanso utali wonse, chinsomba chimatha kugwira nyama zazikulu kuposa mbalame zina zazombe. Nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa ndi mtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 50cm ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 500. Njoka zomwe zimasakidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali masentimita 50 mpaka 60. M'masamba a Bangweulu, chakudya chachikulu chomwe makolo amapereka kwa anapiye ndi African Clari nsomba zamphaka ndi njoka zamadzi.
Njira zazikulu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anamgumi ndi "kuyimirira ndikudikirira" komanso "kuyendayenda pang'onopang'ono." Nyama ikapezeka, mutu ndi khosi la mbalameyo imamira m'madzi, ndikupangitsa kuti mbalameyo iziyenda bwino ndikugwa. Pambuyo pake, nangumiyo amayenera kubwezeretsanso ndikuyambiranso pamalo oimapo.
Pamodzi ndi nyama, michere yambiri imagwera pamulomo. Kuti athane ndi msipu wobiriwira, mitu yofiirira imapukusa mitu yawo mbali ndi mbali, akugwira nyama yawo. Asanameze, nyama nthawi zambiri imadulidwa. Komanso, mulomo wawukulu umakonda kupukuta dothi pansi pa dziwe kuti lichotse nsomba zobisika m'maenje.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Heron
Kitoglava sichimachitika m'magulu pakudya. Pokhapokha kuchepa kwa chakudya kumamveka kwambiri, mbalamezi zimadyetsa pafupi. Nthawi zambiri, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa gulu loweta limapeza chakudya kumbali zotsutsana ndi gawo lawolo. Mbalame sizimasuntha malinga ngati pali nyengo zabwino zakudyetsa. Komabe, m'malo ena a magulu awo, amapanga nyengo pakati pa malo okhala ndi malo okhala.
Zochititsa chidwi: Kitoglavy saopa anthu. Ofufuza omwe adaphunzira mbalamezi adatha kubwera pafupi ndi mamita awiri pachisa chawo. Mbalame sizidaopseze anthu, koma zidawayang'ana mwachindunji.
Ziphuphu za whale zimakwera m'mlengalenga (m'mphepo yamphamvu), ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka zikuwuluka pamwamba pa gawo lawo masana. Pakuuluka, khosi la mbalame limapendanso. Mbalame, monga lamulo, sizimangokhala chete, koma nthawi zambiri zimangolankhula ndi milomo yawo. Akuluakulu amapatsana moni pachisa, ndipo anapiye akungomungata milomo yawo akusewera. Akuluakulu amapanganso phokoso lofuula kapena lofuula, ndipo anapiye amapanga phokoso la hiccup, makamaka akapempha chakudya.
Zomverera zazikulu zomwe mitu ya whale imagwiritsa ntchito pakusaka ndikuwona ndi kumva. Kuti zithandizire kuwona bwino, mbalame zimagwira mitu yawo ndikuwerama mpaka pansi. Mukamachoka, chinsombacho chimagwira mapiko ake molunjika, ndipo, monga zimutu, zimawuluka ndi khosi lake. Kusesa kwake kumachitika pafupifupi maulendo 150 pamphindi. Uwu ndi umodzi wothamanga kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zonse, kupatula mitundu yayikulu ya agulugufe. Mtundu wa ndege umakhala ndi masinthidwe osinthika: kusinthana ndi kuzungulira kwa masekondi pafupifupi 7. Mbalame zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 36 kuthengo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kitoglav kuthawa
Kitoglavy - ali ndi magawo pafupifupi 3 km². Nthawi yakuswana, mbalamezi zimakhala malo amtendere ndipo zimateteza chisa kwa adani kapena mpikisano aliyense. Nthawi yobala imasiyana malinga ndi malo, koma nthawi zambiri imagwirizana ndi nthawi yoyambira. Ntchito yobereka imatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi iwiri. Chiwembu cha mainchesi atatu chimaponderezedwa ndikuchotsa chisa.
Chidacho chimapezeka pachilumba chaching'ono kapena pazomera zambiri zoyandama. Zinthu zophatikizidwa, monga udzu, zimawalira pansi, ndikupanga chipinda chachikulu chokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi mita imodzi. Mmodzi mpaka atatu, nthawi zambiri awiri, yoyera mazira amayikidwa, koma mwana wankhuku imodzi imatsala kumapeto kwa kubereka. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imadutsa masiku 30. Mitu ya chinsomba imadyetsa anapiyewo ndikumulavulira chakudya osachepera katatu patsiku, pamene akukula nthawi 5-6.
Chosangalatsa: Kukula kwa mitu ya chinsomba kumachitika pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina. Nthenga zimakula mpaka masiku 60, ndipo anapiye amatuluka chisa chokha pa tsiku la 95. Koma anapiyewo amatha kuuluka kwa masiku pafupifupi 105-112. Makolo amapitilirabe kudyetsa ana awo pafupifupi mwezi umodzi pambuyo pankhungu.
Kitoglavy - mbalame zoyambira. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo gawo limodzi la kumanga chisa, makulitsidwe ndi nestling. Pofuna kuti mazirawo asazizire bwino, anthu akuluakulu amatenga mkamwa wonse ndi kuwathira pachisa. Kuphatikiza apo, amayala udzu wonyowa mozungulira mazirawo ndikutembenuzira mazira ndi mawalo awo kapena mulomo.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Kitoglav kapena mfumu heron Ili ndi dongosolo la Ciconiiformes ndipo ndi woimira banja la cetaceans. Chiwerengero cha mbalame zachilendozi ndi anthu pafupifupi 15,000. Izi ndi mbalame zosowa.
Zomwe zimasowa ndikuwoneka kuti ndizochepetsera gawo lomwe lingakhalepo ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zisa. Royal whale ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, omwe ndi ovuta kuiwala pambuyo pake. Amawoneka ngati chilombo chotsitsimutsidwa chokhala ndi mutu wopambana. Mutuwo ndi waukulu kwambiri kuti kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi thupi la mbalameyi.
Modabwitsa, mutu wawukulu ngati uwu umagwira khosi lalitali komanso loonda. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mlomo. Ndizotakata kwambiri komanso chofanana ndowa. Anthu akumderalo adapereka dzina lawo kwa "dinosaur wopanda tsitsi uyu" - "bambo wa nsapato." Kutanthauzira kwa Chingerezi ndi "mutu whale", ndipo ku Germany ndiko "nsapato".
Zikumana chimphona chachikulu kokha pamtunda umodzi - Africa. Malo okhala ndi Kenya, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Botswana ndi South Sudan.
Kwa malo omwe amakhala, amasankha malo osatheka kufikako: madambo a gumbwa ndi madambo. Khalidwe limakhazikika ndipo silichoka m'dera lodzala ndi chisa. Zachilengedwe zinaonetsetsa kuti malo okhalamo mbalame ndi abwino. Kitoglav ali ndi miyendo yayitali, yopyapyala, ndipo zala zimatalikirana kwambiri.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamakulowetsani malo olumikizirana ndi dothi, chifukwa cha izi, mbalameyo siigwera chifukwa chothina. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, chinamgumi chachikulu chimatha kukhala pamalo amodzi ndikuyenda momasuka m'malo odutsa. Mfumu heron ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo ndi mmodzi mwa oimira akulu kwambiri a Ciconiiformes.
Kukula kwake kumafikira 1-1.2 m, ndipo mapiko ndi 2-2,5 m. Chimphona choterocho chimalemera makilogalamu 4-7. Utoto wa mbalameyi ndi imvi. Mutu waukulu ukuvekedwa korona kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mtundu wotchuka wa beak whale, wachikaso. Kutalika kwake ndi 23 cm ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 10. Amatha ndi mbeza yomwe imayang'aniridwa pansi.
China chochititsa chidwi ndi mbalame zachilendozi ndi maso. Zimapezeka kutsogolo kwa chigaza, osati kumbali, ngati mbalame zambiri. Maso amtunduwu amawapatsa mwayi wowona chilichonse chozungulira chithunzi chazithunzi-zitatu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chachimuna ndi chachikazi cha mbalame zamtunduwu ndizovuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Heron whale kumakhala moyo wongokhala komanso wodzipatula. M'miyoyo yawo yonse, amakhala m'gawo lina, kuyesera kuti akhale okha. Ndi ochepa omwe amatha kuwona mitu ya whale. Kuyankhulana ndi mamembala a paketi kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi kukuwa komanso kukuwa kwachilendo.
Koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha, makamaka amayesa kungokhala chete osakopa chidwi cha munthu. Mbalameyo ikapumula, imakhazikika pakama pake. Zikuwoneka kuti, kuti muchepetse khosi, chifukwa mulomo wa mbalamezi ndi waukulu. Koma ndendende chifukwa cha kukula kwake, asodzi a nkhanu amadziwika kuti ndi asodzi aluso kwambiri.
Kuuluka kwa heron yachifumu ndikabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimawuluka pamtunda wotsika, koma nthawi zina zimaganiza zouluka m'mwamba ndikuwuluka pamwamba pa nyumba zawo zamfumu. Pakadali pano, mitu ya chinsomba imachotsa makosi awo ndikukhala ngati ndege.
Ngakhale maonekedwe awo owopsa, awa ndi mbalame zodekha osati mbalame zoyipa. Amalumikizana bwino kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali muukapolo ndipo samasinthidwa mosavuta. Maonekedwe awo osawoneka bwino amakopa owonerera m'malo osungira nyama. Koma monga tanena kale, mbalamezi ndizosowa kwambiri m'chilengedwe komanso mu ukapolo.
Whale Swan Wingspan Wosangalatsa
Royal Whale ndiwokondedwa ndi ojambula. Ingoyang'anani pa chithunzi ndipo wina akuwoneka kuti mukuyang'ana chifanizo cha "imvi Cardinal". Kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kuyimirira. Kusuntha kwake konse kumakhala pang'ono komanso kuyesedwa.
Mbalame iyi ya "magazi amfumu" imasiyanitsidwa ndi ulemu. Ngati mukuyandikira ndikuweramitsa, ndikugwedeza mutu, ndiye poyankha whale mutu mutu komanso. Nawo moni wanthawi zonse. Herons ndi ibis nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito msodzi wa whale ngati chitetezo. Amasonkhana m'matumba mozungulira, akumakhala otetezeka pafupi ndi chimphona.
Adani achilengedwe a anamgumi
Chithunzi: Mbawala ya Mbalame
Pali zilombo zingapo za nkhono zachikulire. Awa ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu zolusa (hawk, falcon, kite) zomwe zimakonda kuukira pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, adani owopsa kwambiri ndi agalu, mamba ambiri okhala m'madambo aku Africa. Ana ndi mazira amatha kutengedwa ndi zilombo zambiri, koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa mbalamezi zimateteza ana awo ndikumanga zisa m'malo osavomerezeka ndi omwe akufuna kuzidya.
Adani owopsa kwambiri a nsomba ndi anthu omwe amagwira mbalame ndikugulitsa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu achilengedwe amalandila ndalama zochuluka kuchokera kugulitsa mbalamezi ku malo osungira nyama. Osaka, kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo okhala ndi anthu komanso miyambo yazikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisakidwa mwadongosolo ndikugwidwa ndi mamembala am'deralo, akuwopseza Kitoglava.
Chochititsa chidwi: M'miyambo yambiri ya ku Africa, mitu yaikazi imawoneka kuti siyabwino ndipo imabweretsa mavuto. Ena mwa mafuko am'deralo amafuna kuti mamembala awo aphe mbalamezi kuti athe kuchotsa komwe kumakhala koipa. Izi zapangitsa kuti mitunduyi itheratu m'zigawo za Africa.
Kugulitsidwa kwa nyama ndi malo osungira nyama, omwe adapangidwa kuti zamoyo zamtunduwu zizipulumuka, zakuchepetsa kwambiri anthu. Mbalame zambiri zomwe zimachokera kumalo okhala zachilengedwe zimakana malo okhala. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsonga za nkhandwe ndizobisalira komanso kusungulumwa nyama, komanso kupsinjika, malo osadziwika, komanso kupezeka kwa anthu kumalo osungira nyama, monga mukudziwa, zimapha mbalamezi.
Chakudya cha Whalehead
Mbalame zam'madzi Ndi asodzi komanso msodzi wabwino kwambiri wa nyama zam'madzi. Amatha kuyimirira osakhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, kudikirira nyama yake. Nthawi zina, "kusuta" nsomba mpaka pansi, "zanzeru" izi zimadzutsa madzi. Pakusaka koteroko, munthu amawona ngati kuleza mtima kwa Heron kulibe malire. Zakudya za whalehead zimaphatikizapo catfish, tilapia, njoka, achule, mollusks, akamba ndi ngakhale ming'alu yaying'ono.
Kitoglav amakonda kudya nsomba
Amagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wawo wamkulu ngati ukonde wa gulugufe. Amapinda nsomba ndi zolengedwa zina zam'madziwo. Koma chakudya sichimapita m'mimba nthawi zonse. Kitoglav, ngati chef, amaseseratu masamba ochulukirapo.
Mfumu heron amakonda kusungulumwa, ndipo ngakhale m'malo okhala ndi malo ochulukirapo okhalamo, amadya motalikirana. Mtunda uwu ndi osachepera 20. Lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito kwa malenje osaka nsomba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kitoglav mwachilengedwe
Ziwerengero zambiri za kufufuma kwa chinsomba zachitika, koma zolondola kwambiri ndi mbalame za 11,000 - 15,000 kudutsa lonse. Popeza kuchuluka kwa anthu kumabalalika m'malo ambiri ndipo ambiri mwa iwo sangathe kufikira anthu kwa chaka chambiri, ndizovuta kupeza chiwerengero chodalirika.
Choopseza ndikuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, kusaka ndi kukola malonda a mbalame. Pabwino malo okonzedwa kuti akolere ndi kudyetsa. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, ng'ombe zimapondaponda zisa. Ku Uganda, kufufuzidwa kwamafuta kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi mwa kusintha malo okhala ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta. Zinyalala zitha kukhala zofunikira komwe zinyalala zochokera ku ma agrochemicals ndi kusanza zimayenda kapena kulowa mu Nyanja ya Victoria.
Mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita malonda kumalo osungira nyama, yomwe imakhala vuto, makamaka ku Tanzania, komwe malonda a mitundu adakali ovomerezeka. Ma Kitoglavs amagulitsidwa $ 10,000-20,000, kuwapanga kukhala mbalame zodula kwambiri ku zoo. Malinga ndi akatswiri ochokera madambo a Bangweulu (Zambia), mazira ndi anapiye amatengedwa ndi okhala m'deralo kuti adye ndikugulitsa.
Chosangalatsa: Kuchita bwino kubereka kumatha kukhala kochepa ngati 10% pachaka, makamaka chifukwa cha zomwe munthu akuchita. Pa nyengo yakuswana ya 2011-2013. Makanda 10 okha mwa 25 anapulumuka bwinobwino: anapiye anayi adafera pamoto, m'modzi adaphedwa, ndipo 10 adatengedwa ndi anthu.
Ku Zambia, moto ndi chilala zikuopseza malo okhala. Pali umboni wina wogwidwa ndi kuzunzidwa. Mikangano ku Rwanda ndi ku Congo idayambitsa kuphwanyidwa kwa malo otetezedwa, komanso kufalikira kwa mfuti zimathandizira kwambiri kusaka. Ku Malagarashi, madera akuluakulu a nkhono zam'madzi oyandikana ndi madambo akuyeretsedwera fodya ndi ulimi, ndipo anthu, kuphatikiza asodzi, alimi ndi abusa osamukasamuka, akula kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Mu zaka zinayi, zisa 7 zokha mwa 13 zidachita bwino.
Kuswana kwa Whale ndi moyo wautali
Nyengo ya kubereka kwa mfumu whale imayamba mvula ikadzayamba. Chochitika chofunikira ichi chikugwa pa Marichi - Julayi. Pakadali pano, azitsamba amatulutsa zovina pamaso pawo. Kuvina ukwati uta-whale pamaso pa bwenzi lam'tsogolo, kukulitsa khosi ndi nyimbo zapadera za serenade.
Kupitilira apo, malinga ndi chochitikacho, kumanga chisa cha banja kumayamba. Mizere yake, kufanana ndi nzika zomwe, ndi zazikulu. Pakhomo pa chisa chotere ndi ma 2,5. Amayi amawerengera mazira 1-3, koma anapiye m'modzi yekha. Makolo onse awiriwa amatenga nawo gawo pa kulanda ndi kulera ana. Madzi oundana omwe amakhala ndi mwezi umodzi.
Chingwe cha Whalefin
Potentha, kuti tisunge kutentha, mitu ya whale "imasamba" mazira. Amachitanso njira yomweyo yamadzi ndi mwana wankhuku. Malo okhala anapiye ovuta kumakhala ndi makolo amakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.
Pofika m'badwo uno, anapiye amasiya kuyamwa kuchokera chisa. Pa miyezi 4, amachoka kunyumba ya makolo ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Zitsamba zachifumu zimakhwima pofika zaka zitatu. Mbalamezi zimakhala nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa Moyo wa Whalehead fika pafupifupi zaka 36.
Chitetezo cha Whale
Chithunzi: Red Book Kitoglav
Tsoka ilo, mtunduwu watsala pang'ono kutha ndipo ukumenyera nkhondo kuti upulumuke. IUCN imawunikira zinsomba za Shoebill ngati zili pangozi. Mbalamezi zalembedwanso mu CITES Appendix II ndipo zimatetezedwa ndi malamulo ku Sudan, Central African Republic, Uganda, Rwanda, Zaire ndi Zambia ndi African Convention on Natural and Natural Resources. Mbiri yakumaloko imatetezanso anamgumi, ndipo anthu am'derali amaphunzitsidwa kuti azilemekeza komanso kuopa mbalamezi.
Mtundu wocheperako komanso wamtunduwu walembedwa ngati osatetezeka, chifukwa akuyerekezeredwa kuti uli ndi anthu ochepa pamitundu yambiri. Bangweulu Wetland Management Board ikukonza dongosolo loteteza zachilengedwe. Ku South Sudan, akuchitapo kanthu kuti amvetsetse zamtunduwu ndikupititsa patsogolo malo otetezedwa.
Kitoglav zimabweretsa ndalama kudzera pa zokopa alendo. Anthu ambiri omwe amapita ku Africa amapita ku Africa kumayendedwe amtsinje kuti akaone nyama zam'tchire. Malo ofunikira angapo adawatcha kuti mabwalo a nsomba ku South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, ndi Zambia. Ku Bangweulu Wetlands, asodzi akumaloko amalembedwa ntchito ngati alondera kuti ateteze zisa, kudziwitsa anthu am'deralo komanso kuchita bwino kuswana.
Zambiri
Whalebird, Royal Heron kapena Royal Whale - mbalame yochokera ku Ciconiiformes, woyimira yekha wa banja la cetaceans. Matendawa ali ku Africa, komwe amakhala m'malo otentha akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Ino ndi mbalame yosowa komanso yosadziwika bwino. Kitoglav amadziwika kuti ndi wachibale wa agulugufe ndi mbewa, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku waposachedwa wamtunduwu amapereka chifukwa chomuonera ngati wachibale wa mafupa. Kusamvana pamgwirizano wake mwadongosolo kwapangitsa kuti zinsomba zizioneka ngati "cholumikizika" cha ubale wapakati pa Ciconiiformes ndi Fusilliformes (Pelicaniformes).
Mukayang'ana mbalameyi, imawomba ndi chinthu choyambirira, zimawoneka ngati dinosaur yamoyo, osati yokhala ndi tsitsi. Choyambirira chomwe chimagwira diso lanu ngati mawonekedwe a whale ndi mutu wopambana. Pa chinsomba, ndi chachikulu kwambiri kotero kuti kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi m'lifupi mwake - - chifukwa mbalame zoterezi zimasiyana thupi. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti chinsomba chimapeza dzina. Kuti mufanane ndi mutu ndi mulomo - ndiwotakata kwambiri, lofanana ndi chidebe, chifukwa chake dzinalo la Chingerezi la mbalame limatha kutanthauziridwa kuti "nsapato-ndevu". Koma chifukwa cha "nsapato" iyi, nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa asodzi aluso kwambiri pakati pa mbalame. Chinsinsi cha luso lake chimadikirira moleza mtima koma osagwedezeka, chomwe sichikhudzana ndi nsomba wamba koma ma protopter (nsomba yodziwitsa kupuma modabwitsa yomwe ili ndi mapiritsi komanso mapapu, ndipo ndizosavuta kuzipeza pamtunda kuposa m'madzi). Ndipo kuti mumalize chithunzicho, nsonga ya mulomo imakongoletsedwa ndi mbedza yomwe ili pansi. Khosi la chinsomba ndilitali ndipo likuwoneka lodabwitsa momwe limatha kupiririra kulemera kwa mutu. Miyendo ndiyinso yayitali komanso yopyapyala, mchirawo ndi wamfupi. Mphuno sizinadutse, lilime ndi lalifupi, m'mimba minofu ndiyochepa, ndipo glandular ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Kujambula kwa chinsomba ndi imvi, milomo yachikasu ndi yayitali masentimita 23 ndi mainchesi 10 mulifupi. Amuna ndi akazi samasiyana kunja.
Mutu whale umapezeka ku Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Congo, Tanzania, Zambia, Botswana ndi South Sudan. Pano amakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nailo komanso m'madambo a Zairi amadzala ndi gumbwa. Akatswiri a Ornithologists adziwe kuti mtundu wa kuwerengera kwa whale umalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwa chomera cha gumbwa ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mbewa. Kitoglava mbalame zokhala pansi komanso zopanda mgwirizano. M'miyoyo yawo yonse amakhala pamalo amodzi, amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri, ndizosowa kwambiri kuwona mbalame zingapo limodzi. Mbawala zamtchire zimawuluka ngati zitsamba, ndikutulutsa makosi awo. Nthawi zambiri amayenda pandege zazifupi pama dambo pamalo otsika, koma nthawi zina amatha kukwera m'mwamba ndikuwuluka kwa nthawi yayitali pamapiko otambasuka. Kuuluka kwawo ndikuwoneka bwino kwambiri, mapiko akuluakulu omwe ali ndi chipika chokhala ndi mulomo wawukulu wopindika amapangika makamaka makamaka ndikutulutsa mkono ngati chinsomba. Kitoglava imatha kupanga mitundu iwiri ya mawu: imaphulika ndi milomo yawo (ngati agulugufe) kapena kufuula mokalipa. Pangozi, amawonda. Makungu, kupempha chakudya, amapanga mawu ofanana ndi "hiccups" aanthu. Koma nthawi zambiri amakhala chete. Mkwiyo wawo ndi wodekha osati woipa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mulomo, mbalameyi imayiyika pachifuwa ndikupumira.
Mitu ya chinsomba imadyera nyama zam'madzi komanso zam'madzi pafupi. Nthawi zambiri amaima osasunthika kuti awonere nyama ngati mbalame za m'mawere, nthawi zina amasenga matope posaka chakudya ndikudikirira kuti nsombayo ikhale pafupi ndi madzi. Kuleza mtima kwa heron yachifumu kukuwoneka kuti kulibe malire. Mphaka, natapias, achule, njoka zam'madzi, ma polypteruse, amphibians, makoswe, olengedwa ndi akambuku ang'ono amagwidwa. Koma chifukwa cha mulomo wambiri, amathanso kuthana ndi nyama yayikulu - kakhola, mwachitsanzo, buluzi wa ku Nile. Wogwidwa wamizidwa yonse. Nyangumi imagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wake ngati ukonde, womwe umakola nsomba ndi zolengedwa zina pamodzi ndi madzi. Koma si nthawi zonse kuti nyama yomwe itangogwidwa itangotumizidwa kumimba. Choyamba, chinsomba chimachotsa udzu wobiriwira. Popanga nsomba, mbalameyi imadula mutu ndi m'mbali lakuthwa kwa mlomo wake ndi kumeza nyama. Zachilengedwe zinawonetsetsa kuti mbalameyi imakhala momasuka kwambiri m'malo otakasuka. Kuti achite izi, adawadalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazitali, zopyapyala komanso zala zotalikirana. Dera lokwanira lolumikizana ndi dothi lofewa limalepheretsa mbalame kuti igwe. Amasunthira dothi mosavuta ndipo amatha kuyimirira kwa ola limodzi osadumphira dothi louma.
Ndi nyengo yakuyamba kubereka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba mvula ikatha (Marichi-Julayi), mitu ya whale imakonza zovina. Pakadali pano, okwatirana amalonjerana ndikupukusa mutu, kulira kwa mulomo komanso kulira. Kenako imayamba kumanga chisa chachikulu. Imafanana ndi nsanja yayikulu yokhala ndi maziko a mita awiri, awiri, yobisika m'nkhokwe zowirira. Kitoglavs ndi mbalame zowopsa, ndiye kuti, amapanga awiriawiri ndi bwenzi limodzi. Tizilombo tambiri tili pansi pansi m'malo omwe anthu sangathe kudya - pazilumba ndi osaya kwambiri. Pansi pa chisa chimapangidwa ndi mapumbwa ndi mabango, ndipo matayalawo amakhala ndi udzu wouma. Yaikazi imaziikira mazira 1-3, koma nthawi zambiri nkhuku imodzi yokha imakhalabe ndi moyo mpaka itakula chifukwa cha vuto lakelo kapena kusowa kwa chakudya. Makolo onsewa amawafungiza kwa mwezi umodzi. Ngati kukutentha kwambiri, mbalame zimayamba "kusamba" mazira - kuthira madzi ndi madzi, potero zimasunga kutentha koyenera mu chisa. Zimachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi anapiye oswedwa kale, mbalameyo imagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wake ngati ntchentche.
Nkhupakupa zimabadwa zokutidwa ndi wandiweyani fluff. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe amakhala pachisa, makolo amawadyetsa ndi burp kuchokera ku tsekwe. Pakatha mwezi, chinsomba chimayamba kumeza chakudya chokulirapo. Kukula kotsiriza kwamilomo kumakhala ndi zaka 43. Mwana wankhuku amakhala ndi makolo ake kwa miyezi iwiri, pambuyo pake amayamba kuwonetsa zisonyezo zoyimira pawokha, nthawi ndi nthawi osachoka pachisa. Ndipo pofika miyezi 4 yokha amayamba kudziimira payekha ndikusiya nyumba ya abambo ake. Malupu amakula pang'onopang'ono: amakula kumapeto pambuyo miyezi itatu, ndipo amakhala okhwima pofika zaka zitatu. Ma whalehead achichepere amasiyana ndi akulu mumtundu wa bulauni. Kuti mupeze gawo lawo la chakudya, ndikokwanira kuti anapiye atenthe miyendo kapena mlomo wa m'modzi wa makolo. Nthawi yoberekera kuchokera pakumanga chisa mpaka maula a anapiye imatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi iwiri.
Kitoglav amadya masana. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame yokhala ndi miyendo yotchedwa whale imatha kuoneka mbandakucha, ikusunthira m'nkhalangozi za gumbwa zomwe zimamera pamtunda pa dambo. Zala zake sizikhala zolimba osatopa, zala zake zimafalikira, nthawi zina amalowa m'madzi mwakuya kwambiri mpaka madzi amatsuka m'mimba. Poona nyama ina, nyama yomwe imadya imapukusa mapiko ake nthawi yomweyo, ikudziponya m'madzi ndikuigwetsa ndi mbedza yakuthwa, osasiya mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Nthawi ngati izi, mbalame yayikulu yomwe ili ndi mapiko pafupifupi mita awiri ndi yosaiwalika. Pofuna kuti asakodzedwe ndi dambo lambiri la chithaphwi, mitu yofiirira imayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi malo omwe njovu ndi mbewa zimayamwa. Pa ngalande zoterezi zomwe zimalowa kunyanja, nsomba zochuluka kwambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe owopsa, mitu ya whale imakhala yothina ndipo mu ukapolo mumakhala bwino ndi anthu. Ndege zokhala ndi mbalame zachilendozi zimakopa alendo ambiri. Zowona, sungathe kuwaona kumalo osungira nyama iliyonse. Mu chilengedwe, ndizosowa kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha ma whalehead ndi anthu 5-8,000, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikuchepa kwambiri chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu komanso kupha anthu, chifukwa ma whalehead amakhala ndi malire ndipo amasinthika kuti azikhala m'mikhalidwe yina yokha. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi zaka 36 zakutchire ndi zaka 35.7 ali ku ukapolo.
Mlenje wa chinsomba ali ndi kusiyana kwina kuchokera kwa mbalame zina zambiri - amawona zinthu zonse ngati zopepuka. Izi zidatheka chifukwa chakupezeka kwa maso kutsogolo kwa chigaza, osati kumbali. Maso a mbalameyi ndiwowoneka bwino - kwambiri komanso achikaso. Ndizosangalatsa kuti heron yachifumu imatha kuyimilira motalika kwambiri kuposa mbalame zina zambiri, zomwe ojambula adazikonda. Mwa njira, chifukwa cha izi, gulu la zidziwitso za alendo amabwera mu Walsrode bird park (Germany) likunena za mutu whale: er bewegt sich doch (amasunthabe). Mitundu ya Kitoglavy yofunika kwambiri m'malo osungira nyama padziko lapansi. Mitengo yawo ya $ 10,000-20,000 imawapangitsa kukhala mbalame zodula kwambiri. Izi, Kalanga, zimalimbikitsa anthu achilengedwe a ku Africa kuti azigwira ndi kugulitsa zinsomba m'malo omwe mitundu imafalikira, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire. Kitoglav, mbalame yodziwika bwino ku Africa, kumbali ina ili ndi malonda osavomerezeka pamtunduwu, inayo imafotokozeredwa ndi ndalama za mayiko ena a kontrakitoli (Sudan, Rwanda).
Maonekedwe a chinsomba
Mbalame yotchedwa whalebird ndi mbalame yayikulu, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi mita 1-1.2, kulemera kwa thupi ndi kilogalamu 7-15, mapiko ake ndi mita 2-3. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku banja la Ciconiiformes ndikupezeka kwa mutu wolemera komanso mulomo wawukulu wokhala ndi mbedza. Nthawi zina mutu umakhala wotalikirapo kuposa thupi la mbalameyo, yomwe imadabwitsanso kwambiri ndipo ilibe chidwi pakati pa mbalame zomwe zikukhala lero. Ngakhale kuti ndi zazikulupo, khwangwala amakhala ndi khosi komanso miyendo yochepa thupi, ndipo mchirawo ndi waufupi, wofanana ndi bakha. Mtunduwu ndi wosasanthulika ndipo ulibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Maso ali patsogolo pa mutu, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuwona zinthu.
Kodi mitu ya whale imakhala kuti?
Whaleheads amakhala m'malo ochepa kwambiri: South Sudan ndi Zaire. Sapezeka kulikonse. Malo omwe amawakonda ndi malo osambira m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nailo. Amakhala okhazikika, akumakhala moyo wawo wonse pamalo amodzi. Ndi osayanjana, yesetsani kukhala nokha. Nthawi zina amapezeka awiriawiri, koma izi ndizodziwikiratu zomwe zimasangalatsa nthawi yakubzala.
Njira yodziwonera ndi nangumi imafanana ndi ya heron. Amakwera m'mwamba kwambiri ndikuwuluka pamapiko. Koma zimatha kuuluka kwambiri, kufunafuna chakudya.
Whale
Kitoglavs ndiwofatsa kwambiri osati mbalame zoyipa. Amatha kuwomba mokweza ndi milomo yawo kapena kufuula koboola. Koma - kwambiri, kawirikawiri.
Kitoglav amawuluka kudzera muwoko ku zoo
Kodi mitu ya chinsomba imadya chiyani?
Chakudya chamasana, mbalamezi zimakonda nyama zapamadzi komanso zam'madzi. Amatha kuzizira poyembekezera 'chakudya' chododometsa kwa maola, ngati ziweto zathu, kudikirira nsomba ndi achule. Koma mulomo wambiri wamangumi umakulolani kuti "mulume" pazamoyo zazikulu: zimatha kumeza kambewu. Komanso - zonse.
Kitoglav amatenga chida chomangira chisa
Kuswana kwa Whale
Kitoglavs amapanga awiri moyo. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yobereketsa siyidutsa mwachangu monga mbalame zamitala. Opatsana moni amangopatsana moni ndikudina kamlomo. Zochita zonsezi zimachitika mu Marichi, pomwe sikunatenthe kwambiri.
Ali ndi zisa zawo pamtunda, pakati pa madambo osawoneka. Izi ndi njira zodzitetezera ku adani olimbirana nthaka. Zomwe zimamangidwa ndi masamba a gumbwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.
Kitoglava ndi makolo abwino. Amatembenuka, mkati mwa mwezi, kuwaswa anapiye 1-3. Pakatha mwezi umodzi amadyetsedwa. Ma Chick amatha pafupifupi zaka zitatu ndi makolo awo. Umu ndi momwe zimadutsa nthawi yambiri asanakhwime. Mitu yaying'ono ya chinsomba imasiyana ndi makolo awo okhala ndi zolaula zofiirira.
Kitoglav pa chisa
Mawonekedwe owopsa a mbalameyi ndi zosiyana kwenikweni ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ali mu ukapolo, amazolowera anthu ndipo amatha kuyanjana ndi nyama zina. Mitu ya whale ndi nzeru zokwanira, amamvetsetsa bwino munthu. Simukuwawona kawirikawiri m'malo osungira nyama. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha malo okhala, malo okhala osakwanira komanso kuthekera kobereka pang'ono.
Mphaka wachikazi-wamkazi amasamba ku Prague Zoo
Inde, mbalameyi imawonekadi ngati nyama yakale kuyambira nthawi yapafupi ndi ma dinosaurs. Kodi mukudziwa kuti pali zambiri zabodza zabodza zokhudza ma dinosaurs? Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri? Ndiye kwa inu apa!
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Mbalame yophunziridwa mosamalitsa mbadwa ku East Africa. Akatswiri a Ornithologists adatsimikizira ubale wake ndi ma pelicans, kuphatikiza komwe chiyambi chake chimawonetsera maubwenzi ndi mbalame zambiri za ankolo: agulu, heron, marabou. Banja la whalehead limaphatikizapo woimira m'modzi - the heron yachifumu, monga amatchedwa mwanjira ina mbalame yam'madzi.
Kukula kwa wokhala mu Africa ndikopatsa chidwi: kutalika kuli pafupifupi 1.2-1,5 m, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 1.4 m, munthu amalemera makilogalamu 9 mpaka 15, kutalika kwamapiko mu mawonekedwe owonjezerawa ndi 2.3 m. Mutu waukulu ndi mulomo wawukulu, wofanana ndi chidebe sizofanana kwenikweni ndi kukula kwa thupi - m'lifupi ali ofanana. Kusintha kwazinthu izi sikufanana ndi mbalame zina.
Mlomo wodabwitsawu, womwe kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwa 23 cm ndipo pafupifupi 10 cm, adafanizidwa ndi nsapato yamatabwa, mutu wa chinsomba - mayina a mbalamezo adawonetsera izi. Mlomoyo umakhala ndi mbewa yabwino pamutu, umathandizira kulimbana ndi nyama.
Khosi lalitali limagwira mutu waukulu, koma pakupuma, mulomo umapeza chifuyo cha mbalameyi kuti ithetsere nkhawa m'miyendo ya m'khosi. Maso achikasu a heron achifumu, mosiyana ndi abalewo, amakhala kutsogolo, osati kumbali za chigaza, kotero masomphenya amapereka chithunzi cha mbali zitatu za dziko lapansi. Maso owoneka ndi maso owala bwino amawunikira mtendere ndi chidaliro.
Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa chinsomba chachimuna ndi chachikazi. Anthu onse ndi imvi, ndiye kuti mulomo ndi wachikasu. Powff fluff imatha kuwoneka kumbuyo kwa mbalame, monga heron zokhudzana.
Thupi lalikulu lokhala ndi mchira wamfupi, mbalame imasunga mutu wawukulu pamiyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Kuyenda pamtunda wamphepo, mbalame imapatsidwa bata ndi zala zake. Chifukwa cha kuthandizira kwake panthaka yofewa, nsomba ija singagwere mu quagmire.
Chizindikiro cha mbalameyi ndikutha kuyimirira kwakanthawi popanda kuyenda. Pakadali pano, ndikupeza nsomba pa chithunzingati kuti mwadala mwadala. M'malo ena opezeka ku Europe, cholembedwa chinalembedwapo nthabwala pachidziwitso cha chinsomba: chikuyendabe.
Pouluka, mbalame zimachotsa makosi awo ngati mbalame za m'mimba, zimayenda mokongola, ndikuwuluka kwakutali chifukwa cha madambo, nthawi zina mbalame zimayenda mwachidule. Mawayilesi owuluka mumlengalenga omwe amafalikira akufanana ndi ndege yakuuluka kutali.
King Whale - mbalame yolankhula pang'ono, koma yotulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana:
kuti alawe ngati abale ake ngati dokowe wokhala ndi mulomo kuti apereke chidziwitso kwa abale,
Kufuula zolakwika chifukwa cha zinazake
kudumphira pachiswe
"Hiccup" mukafuna kupempha chakudya.
M'malo osungira nyama, mbalame zodabwitsa ndizofunika kwambiri, koma kupeza ndi kusunga chinsomba ndizovuta pazifukwa zingapo:
- enieni zakudya
- zovuta za kubereka kwaukapolo,
- malo ochepa.
Mtengo wa anthu pawokha ndiwokwera. Pofunafuna phindu la kuba, anthu achilengedwe a ku East Africa akugwira, kugulitsa mitu yamphete, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire, zomwe ndizongokhala anthu 5,000 okha. Kukhazikika kwa mbalame zachilendo kumachepera, zisa nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka.
Lero whale whale - mbalame yosowa, chitetezo chomwe chimayambitsa nkhawa osati kokha pakati pa ornithologists, komanso osiyanasiyana okonda zachilengedwe.
Royal heron, whale, amatanthauza dongosolo la Ciconiiformes. M'banja la anamgumi, uyu ndiye woimira yekha.
Anazindikira mbalame yachilendo mu 1849, chaka chotsatira, chinsomba chafotokozedwa ndi asayansi. Dziko lidaphunzirapo zodabwitsa ndi chozizwitsa kuchokera m'buku la mlonda wa mbalame waku Sweden Bengt Berg zopita ku Sudan. Mpaka pano, nangumiyo amakhalabe mtundu wophunzirira bwino poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina.
Kafukufuku wamtunduwu umatsimikizira ubale womwe uli pakati pa anthu okhala ku Africa ndi azungu, ngakhale kuti mwamwambo amadziwika kuti ndi abale a herons ndi agulugufe. Mikangano yambiri yokhudza malo osaka mbalame zazikulu m'magulu a mbalame zachititsa kuti asayansi aziganiza ngati njira yolumikizira pakati pa Copepods ndi Ciconiiformes.
Vuto la "nsapato zamavuto", monga Britain amatchulira, lidakali pamaphunziro.
Moyo & Habitat
Mtundu wa nsomba wotchedwa whale - umapezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri pakati komanso kum'mawa kwa Africa. Pokhala mbalamezi, mbalameyi imakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nailo, madera a Zaire, Kongo, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, South Sudan kupita kumadzulo kwa Ethiopia. M'malo awa, chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame chimapezeka - nsomba zopumira kawiri, kapena ma protopter.
Kukhazikika ndi kusakhazikika pamakhalidwe ndi zolengedwa zopanda zoipa komanso zopanda phokoso. Mbiri yonse ya mbalame imalumikizidwa ndi m'nthaka za gumbwa ndi mapuloteni.
Anthu atabalalika, ochepa. Mbalame zambiri zimawonedwa ku South Sudan. Malo okondweretsa alenje - ndi msungwi wam'mphepete mwa marshland, omwe ali ndi utoto wopanda.
Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, nthawi zambiri kawiri konse nthawi yamathumba, sizinakhale m'magulu. Kuwona mitu ingapo yokhala ndi chinsalu palimodzi sichachilendo. Cholengedwa chodabwitsachi chimakhala chovuta, sichifuna kulumikizana ndi anthu amitundu ina.
Zolowera zakale zokha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikondana. Mbalame zimatha miyoyo yawo m'malo obisika, osambira, kudziteteza kwa alendo. Nthawi zina ufa womwe chimakhala ndi mulomo umatsimikizira kumene kuli munthu wodabwitsa wokhala m'malo otentha.
Kwa maola ambiri, kuzimiririka ndi mulomo woponderezedwa kumapangitsa kuti mbalameyo ioneke pakati pa bango ndi gumbwa. Mutha kupita pafupi ndi icho, chinsomba sichingasunthe, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina sizimawuluka.
Whale whale wumfumu nthawi zambiri samachoka. Kuuluka ndikufalitsa mapiko akuluakulu ndizokongola kwambiri. Mlomo wa mbalame umakanikizidwa pachifuwa, sasokoneza mayendedwe. Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zimawuluka.
Pozungulira, ngati ziwombankhanga, mitu yokhala ndi chinsomba imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde othamanga, osawononga mphamvu pakuwuluka paulere.
Zipatso zachifumu zimasankha mabungwe azomera pamalo owonekera, koma zimayenda nthawi zambiri posambira. Mbalame zimatha kulowa musalala mpaka mzere wam'mimba.
Mitu ya chinsomba imangowoneka yowopsa, koma iwowo, ngati mbalame zazikulu, amakumana ndi adani achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa zoopseza za adani omwe ali ndi utoto (falcon, hawk), ng'ona zimawopsa kwambiri.
Nyama zazikulu za ku Africa zimakhala m'malo ambiri. Ana anapiye a Whalefoot ndi kuyikira mazira akuwopsezedwa chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa marten.
Pakakhala kundende, mbalame zosowa, pokhala otetezeka, zizolowera munthuyo, khalani odalirika. Anthu ake amakhala mwamtendere, amagwirizana ndi nyama zina.