Sea lamprey ndiye woimira wamkulu wamafuta. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 90-100, ndi kulemera - mpaka 3 kilogalamu. Kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndizowala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, ndipo m'mimba mwayera.

Izi nsomba zimapezeka zambiri ku North Atlantic Ocean - kuchokera m'mphepete mwa Greenland kupita ku Florida.

Amakhalanso ku Mediterranean kumadzulo komanso ku Norway kum'mawa. Pali zoikapo nyali zam'nyanja m'mitsinje ya Baltic Sea. Mtundu wama nyanjayi umakhala ku Great Lakes of North America, omwe m'mbuyomu ankangokhala mu Nyanja ya Ontario komanso mu Mtsinje wa St. Lawrence. Koma mu 1921, ngalande idamangidwa m'mphepete mwa Niagara Falls, pomwe nyali zimalowera mu Nyanja ya Erie, kenako ku Michigan ndi Huron.

Zoyala zamtchire zikagumuka mu Nyanja Yaikulu, adawononga nsomba zambiri zam'madzi, mwachitsanzo, nsomba zam'madzi. Anthu okhala kunyanjaku sakanatha kupikisana ndi nyama yodya zilombazi, chifukwa cha nyaliyi inali ndi dzina lachiwiri lozunza - "The Scourge of the Great Lakes." Asayansi adatenga zaka 30 kuti amenyane ndi lamprey ku Great Lakes. Pokhapokha atatha kuphunzira kayendedwe ka nsomba'zi, ndipamene adatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo.

Nyali zamagetsi zam'nyanja ndizinyama zomwe zimadya nyama, zimangamira ku nsomba ndikuzunza pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku angapo ngakhale milungu. Nyambo ndizosusuka, zimatha kudya zomwe zidalipo kale, koma nsomba zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha mabala omwe majeremusi amayambitsa. Lamprey amabisa zotupa m'mimba, zomwe zimalepheretsa magazi kufinya, chifukwa maselo ofiira a magazi amatsika ndipo minofu imasweka. Tizilombo titagundana ndi nsomba, mapangidwe ake amwazi amasintha kwambiri, nyama yake imayamba kufooka, singathe kuletsa matenda ndi zilombo zina.

Salmon, eel, cod ndi sturgeon ndizomwe zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi lamprey. Ngakhale milandu yakuwedza kwa nsomba zodyedwa izi inalembedwa.

M'mphepete mwa Nyanja Zambiri, nyali zimayatsidwa kutentha kwa madigiri oposa 10. Akazi amtundu wamtundu wam'madzi wama nyanjala omwe amakhala m'madzi amakhala mazira 24-170, koma ndi 1% yokha yomwe imapulumuka kuchokera kumtunda waukuluwo, komwe mphutsi zimapezeka. Mazira otsala amafa kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko. Caviar amakula pafupifupi masiku 12. Mitengo ya mphutsi ikapanda kutuluka, imasiyana ndi masiku 20, kenako imakafunafuna magawo amtsinje momwe mumapezeka zambiri.

Zoyala zamagulu akuluakulu zimasuntha. Asayansi adalemba zoikapo nyali ndikuzimasulira kumpoto kwa Tar chakumapeto, ndipo pofika masika izi zidakhala kale m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyanjayi, ndipo nsomba zina zimayenda mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 200.

Nyama ya nyali yamnyanja imakhala yabwino, koma siyiyamikiridwa posodza. Ndipo mtundu wa zoikapo nyali zomwe zimakhala mu Nyanja Zazikulu zambiri sizimatheka.

Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Ndani adaganiza kuti ichi ndichithunzi chochokera ku kanema wina woopsa? Zinawoneka kwa ine kwakanthawi .... Komabe, sindikuganiza kuti kulakalaka koteroko kulipo, ndimangodziwa za Kylie Minogue ndipo ndizo.

Ma nyali - mitundu yamanyama yanyama zam'madzi. Lamprey (Lamprey) amatanthauzira monga "mwalawo", Chifukwa chakutha kumamatira pamalo owoneka bwino. Ngakhale mitundu ina ya zoikapo nyali imadziwika, yomwe imakhala m'thupi la nsomba zina, zomwe zimayamwa magazi

Nyali zambiri zimakhala m'madzi otentha kunyanja, komwe amapezeka makamaka m'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja kapena mitsinje yamadzi abwino. Komabe, kuyenda nyama izi kukafika kunyanja sizachilendo. Izi zikufotokozera kuchepa kwa kubereka kopatula kwa zoikapo nyali za ku Australia ndi New Zealand.

Kunja, zoikapo nyali zimawoneka ngati ma eel sea kapena madzi oyera, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina amatchedwa "lamprey eel", Zomwe zikutanthauza"lamprey eel". Thupi la nyama ndi lalitali komanso locheperako mbali. Lampreys amakula mpaka 1 mita kutalika. Alibe zipsereza zopakidwa pa thupi, maso akulu amaima pamutu ndi mabowo 7 gill kumbali.

Zoologists saona ngati zopanga nyali ngati nsomba zapamwamba, chifukwa cha morphology ndi physiology yawo yapadera. Chifukwa chake, mafupa a cartilaginous a ma nyali amagetsi amati lamprey ndi wachibale wa ma verillbrates amakono onse. Amadyanso zilombo ndipo, pogwirira nyama yawo, amagwiritsitsa thupi la womenyedwayo, pogwiritsa ntchito mano awo kuluma pakhungu lawo ndikufika pagazi.

Sea lamprey ndi chinyama cham'madzi chamkalasi ya cyclostome yokhala ndi thupi lalitali lamanyazi. “Osati nyama, osati nsomba panobe.” - anena asodziwo za iye.
Amakhala ndi moyo wodutsa. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, amasonkhana m'masukulu pafupi ndi mitsinje. Njira yopita kumtsinje imachitika mu Novembala-Disembala. Imakwera kumtunda kwa makumi ambiri (m'mitsinje yayikulu - mazana) makilomita, makamaka usiku. Panthawi yosamukira, maonekedwe a nyali zamagetsi amasinthika (thupi limafupikitsidwa, ndipo zipsepse, m'malo mwake, zimawonjezeka), zofanana ndi mating ndi salmon. Amasiya kudya, motero matumbo ake amayamba kufooka. Nyengo m'madzi atsopano, ozizira mu Meyi-June. Caviar imayikidwa m'maenje, ikatulutsa, amuna angapo amamangiriridwa ndi oyamwa mkamwa kumutu wa mkazi. Chonde ndi mazira 70-100. Pambuyo pofalikira, nyali yam'madzi ya Pacific imwalira. Mphutsi, zotchedwa agulugufe, zimatulutsa mazira, omwe safanana kwenikweni ndi achikulire. Amakhala mumtsinje, woikidwa m'mchenga kapena silt (motero dzina) ndipo amadya zotsalira. Atafika zaka zinayi, metamorphosis ndi metamorphosis imasandutsanso zoyikapo nyali zachikulire ndipo mchaka chachisanu amalowera kunyanja, komwe amakhala ndi moyo wamunthu wambiri, kudya magazi ndi minofu ya nsomba.

Milandu yowukiridwa ndi zozimitsa nyali zam'madzi panyanja zimafotokozedwa. Popeza atangamira nsomba, ma nyali nthawi zina kwa masiku angapo ndipo ngakhale milungu ingapo amawazunza pang'onopang'ono. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndizoyala zam'nyanja ndi nsomba, sturgeon, eel, cod ndi nsomba zina zazikulu. Nyambo ndizosakasa kwambiri, koma nsomba zochulukanso zimafa chifukwa cha mabala omwe amayatsidwa ndi nyali. Lampreys yolowera bala la wozunzidwa wa buccal, amateteza magazi kuundana, amawononga maselo ofiira am'magazi komanso kuwonongeka kwa minyewa. Kapangidwe ka magazi mu nyale yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi nyali ya siliva kumasintha kwambiri; kumachepa mphamvu ndikufalikira kwa majeremusi ena olusa. Nyama zam'mimbazi zimadyetsa kwambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zikamasonkhana pagulu.
M'malo ena a malo omwe amakhala (mwachitsanzo, ku Amur), Pacific lamprey ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popha nsomba, chomwe chimapezeka ndi misampha yapadera munthawi yamvula.

Lamprey ndi nsomba yomwe imadziwika ndi munthu kwa nthawi yayitali. Nsomba zakale kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka kunyanja zam'madzi ku North America zimadziwika kuti nthawi ya Carboniferous, i.e. pafupifupi zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Zotsalira za choyikapo nyali yakale, komanso zamakono, zinali ndi mano ambiri mkamwa mwake, zosinthidwa ndikuyamwa komanso zida zazitali za gill.

Pali mitundu 40 ya nsomba. Nyali zambiri zimakhala kumadzi otentha a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa Hemispheres, ndipo ngakhale m'chigwa cha Arctic Ocean. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku Russia, makamaka m'mitsinje yayikulu ndi nyanja.

Ku Russia Russia, mitundu itatu ili paliponse: mtsinje (umakhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yaying'ono), mtsinje (umakhala m'mitsinje yayikulu) ndi nyanja (beseni la Nyanja ya Caspian). Mphero yamtsinjewo ndi yokulirapo kuposa ana ake.

Ma lampreys ali ndi ubongo womwe umatetezedwa ku mbali ya pharynx ndi chigaza. Makina amanjenje apakati oyika nyali amagawidwa mu ubongo ndi chingwe cha msana. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina. Alibe mafupa, kapena nthiti. Mzere wawo wammbuyo umasinthidwa ndi otchedwa vyzigoy.

Mphamvu ndi zosavuta. Maso sanakhazikike bwino. Chiwalo chomva ndi khutu lamkati. Ziwalo zazikulu zomverera ndi mizere yotsatira. Amayimiridwa ndi fossae osaya, pansi pomwe malekezero a mitsempha ya vagus amapezeka.

Chifukwa cha kusapezeka kwa chikhodzodzo komanso ziphuphu zopakidwa, nyali zimakhala nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo m'munsi mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Alibe usiku. Nthawi zambiri amasambira okha, koma asanathere amasonkhana m'magulu akulu.

Nyali ndi tizirombo tansomba. Nyama ya nsomba ndiye chakudya chawo chachikulu. Amasaka pansi pa nsomba zakufa kapena zamoyo (zogwidwa mu ukonde kapena kumanzere m'madzi pa mbedza). Ndi milomo yawo yayikulu, zoikapo nyali zimamatira ku thupi la womenyedwayo ndikubowola khungu la nsomba ndi mano ambiri. Kenako pamabwera lilime lamphamvu lokhala ndi mano kumapeto. Ndi chithandizo chake, lamprey amadya kwambiri m'thupi la wolakwiridwayo. Kenako imatulutsira timiyeso tambiri m'gululi ndipo patapita kanthawi imayamwa chakudya cholocha pang'ono.

Chifukwa chakulephera kwawo, zopanga nyali nthawi zambiri zimagwiriridwa ngati nsomba zazikulu, monga catfish, burbot komanso eels. Omalizirawo amawakonda kwambiri.

Zolemba zamagetsi zamtsinje ndizopulumuka. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kusuntha kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale ndi mimba yopasuka.

Kutuluka kwa lamprey kumachitika kumapeto kwa mvula, koyambirira kwa Meyi, m'madzi atsopano. Amamera mofulumira pakati pa miyala. Yaikazi imamatira ku mwalawo, ndipo yamphongoyo imakhala kumbuyo kwa mutu. Kenako imakhota kuti mimba yake ikakanikizidwe pamimba yaikazi. Akayamba kumasula ma testicle ake, wamwamuna amatulutsa mkaka. Kuponya dzira kumachitika m'magawo angapo. Nthawi, wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira 9-10. Ambiri aiwo amaphimbidwa ndi zomwe zili pansi pa miyala. Pambuyo pofalikira, zozimitsa nyali zimafa.

Pakatha milungu itatu, ana amawoneka ngati mphutsi zoyera. Amakhala mumchenga kapena silika. Chifukwa cha izi, mphutsi zimatchedwa ambulansi. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphutsi zimakhala zaka 4-5. Kunja, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi makolo awo. Ali ngati nsomba, pakamwa pawo pakalibe mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Kusodza kwa Lamprey nkofala kwambiri, makamaka ku Russia. Amati ali ndi nyama yokoma kwambiri. Ndiyenera kuyesa.

Ndatsala pang'ono kuyiwala, panali milandu yokhudzana ndi zoyikapo nyali za pamadzi pa anthu, koma osati ku Russia.

Munthu wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito zoikapo nyali kwa zaka zingapo. Nsomba izi zimadziwika kwambiri ndi Aroma akale, omwe amadziona kuti ndizabwino, ngati ma eel. Ku Europe, zoikapo nyali zidakonda anthu akumatauni apakati komanso otukuka, omwe amasankha kusala kudya kwa zakudya zamakedzana chifukwa chakudya mafuta ambiri.

Mtengo wazakudya
Madzi: 76g, mapuloteni: 17.5g, mafuta okwanira / lipid yonse: mpaka 40g, chakudya: 0,0g, phulusa: 0,8g. Zambiri mwa kalori: 132Kcal / 100g.
Kuopsa kwa khungu la ntchofu wa khungu kumalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa zoikapo nyali ku Russia mpaka m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Pafupifupi anthu onse kumpoto kwa Europe sanali kudziwika pano. Ndipo zigawo zakumwera kwa Russia lamprey, ngati chakudya sichinadziwike mpaka pano, zaka zana zapitazo m'maboma ena amapanga ... makandulo, kuyimitsa yonse ndikukoka chingwe kudzera mu thupi (mafuta okhutira - mpaka 50% ya buku!).

Ntchito mankhwala
Wokazinga, wokongoletsedwa muviniga ndi zonunkhira, ntchofu ziyenera kutsukidwa, chifukwa poyizoni.

Wophika nyali
1.2-1,5 makilogalamu a sing'anga lamprey (ma PC atatu), 3 tbsp vinyo wowuma, 0,5 makilogalamu a mchere wowuma.
Kukongoletsa: mandimu, angapo Spigs ya parsley, letesi.
Lamprey adatsuka, kudula mutu ndi m'matumbo, osadula m'mimba. M'mbale yotsekera kapena beseni laling'ono, kuthira madzi, pindani ndi magetsi ndikuwonjezera mchere pamlingo wa supuni 2-3 pa kilogalamu. Thirani nyali yamchere mumchere kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20, tsitsani ndulu ndi chithovu ndikuyidzazanso ndi mchere. Bwerezaninso izi kangapo mpaka ntchofu zambiri zichotsedwa.
Ikani zoikapo nyale zochapidwa m'mizere pa pepala lophika kapena ouma owonjezera ndi malo mu uvuni womwe unakonzedwa mpaka madigiri 180-200. Osadandaula, sizidzawotcha - nyale ndiy nsomba zambiri zamafuta, ndizokwanira mafuta ake omwe.
Kuphika kwa mphindi 30-35. Tumikirani otentha, mutathira madzi otsalawo ndikuwothira ndi 3 tbsp vinyo wowuma. Valani mbale ndi letesi, parsley ndi kagawo ka mandimu.

Lamprey kutola
1 makilogalamu a magetsi apakati (3-4 pcs), Marinade, kutengera 1 makilogalamu a nyale: Maolivi (masamba) omwe amayikapo nyali, anyezi awiri apakati, msuzi wa ndimu imodzi ndi zest kuchokera theka lake, supuni 1 ya viniga kapena apulo), nthaka yatsopano (yayikulu!) tsabola wakuda, masamba awiri a Bay, masamba atatu a cloves, 1 tsp shuga, kapu yamadzi.
Omwe agwidwa kumene (amoyo) amayenera kudulidwa. Mbewu zouma zimachotsa khungu la ntchofu. Kenako m'matumbo ndipo muzitsuka bwino. Ingowonjezerani mchere ndi nyengo mu ufa. Wofiirira pang'ono mbali iliyonse - mphindi 3-4 - mu mafuta a azitona (masamba). Kenako sinthani 'nsomba' kukhala mpweya watsopano ndi firiji (kupita nayo kukhonde lina nthawi yozizira ndikuyiyika pathanthwe ku chirimwe). Wotentha, kudula muzidutswa za 3-4. Osamayika kwambiri mumtsuko.
Konzani marinade kuchokera pazomwe zalembedwa ndikutsanulira nyale yokonzedweratu. Tsekani chivundikirocho ndikuchoka mufiriji. Pambuyo pa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, mawonekedwe odzola odzola, atatha masiku atatu - kulakalaka!

Lamprey amagwidwa ndi maukonde ndi misampha m'malo amenewo momwe njira iyi ya usodzi imaloledwa. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa zakudya, lamprey sagwidwa pazida zamasewera. Mphutsi za nyale zomwe zimadziwika ku Russia pansi pa dzina loti "spindle" ndi nyambo yabwino kwambiri yogwira nyama, chinangwa, burbot, pike, nsomba ndi nsomba zina zambiri. Amaziika pathanthwe, ndikutsuka.
Pazokhudzana ndi usodzi wamafuta am'makampani, komanso zina za nsomba, mutha kuona mu kanema wa Lipoti la Khabarovsk Territory la Russia kumapeto kwa positi.