Acinonyx jubatus
Gulu: Carnivora
Banja: Felidae
Chichewa chagawidwa m'magulu awiri: Cheetah wa ku Africa (A. j. Jubatus) ndi cheetah waku Asia (A.j. venaticus). Mbala yachifumu nthawi ina idazindikiridwa molakwika ngati mtundu wina wa Acinonyx rex, ngakhale zili choncho mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka ku South Africa kokha.
Nthenga zazikazi zimakonda ku Africa komanso ku Middle East. Habitats - savannah ndi nkhalango zowuma.
Kutalika kwa thupi 112-135 cm, kutalika kwa mchira 66-84 masentimita, kulemera kwa 39-65 kg. Amuna ndi akulu 15% kuposa akazi.
Mtunduwu ndi mchenga wa bulauni wokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono takuda. Khalidwe "losalala", lochokera kumakona amkati mwa maso, likuwonekera momveka bwino, kittens imakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda kwa miyezi itatu ndipo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, imakhala m'khosi komanso kumbuyo kwenikweni ndipo imakhala ngati "kolala" lakuda. Nthabwala zimasiyana wina ndi mzake potengera mawanga, mwapadera kwa aliyense.
Ku Africa, chakudyachi chimakhazikitsidwa ndi nsanje zazitali, Thompson gazelles, mbuzi zamadzi ndi impala. Kuphatikiza apo, anyalambawo amadya mahavasi ndi mbewa zazing'ono zatsopano, zomwe amaziwopseza pamene akudutsa pakati pa udzu wamtali.
Akazi amatha kubereka kuyambira azaka 24 ndikuwonetsa polyesterity, kulowa estrus kamodzi masiku 12. Amuna amakhala atakwanitsa zaka zitatu.
Chiyembekezo cha moyo - kufikira zaka 12 (ali mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 17).
Malo osungira
Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ena akulu, mimbulu imakhala ndi zofowoka, zosalunjika, komanso zosagwirizana. Izi zimathandizira nyamazo kuti zizigwirira ntchito molimba, mawondo awo samasunthika pomwe akusunthasuntha ndikuthamangitsa nyama yothamanga kwambiri ngati khwangwala yemwe angalowe pangozi. Kugwira wozunzidwa, nyalugwe akumugwirira, ndikumenya pakhosi pake. Nthawi zina, nyalugwe ankazisenda ndikusaka nyama. Mwambo wotere, mwachitsanzo, unali pakati pa mafumu achifumu a Mughal.
Kuchulukana kwa cheetah kukuwopseza kuti ziwonongeke m'malo onse osiyanasiyana, makamaka chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa cha ntchito zachuma komanso kuwonongeka kwa cheetahs ndi anthope, komanso kuthana kwachindunji ndi mimbulu ya anthu. Ku Africa, ndizotheka kuti pakati pa achichepere 5 mpaka 15,000 okhala, ku Asia kulibe anthu opitilira 200 - amphaka omwe asungidwa pano akuphatikizidwa mu gulu la "mitundu yomwe ikuwopsezedwa kuti itheratu".
Nthenga zimathamanga. Amapangidwa kuti azithamanga mwachangu: thupi lochepera, miyendo yopyapyala, chifuwa chochepa thupi komanso mutu wawung'ono wokongola - izi ndizomwe zimaloleza kuti cheetah ipange kuthamanga 95 km / h. Palibe chinyama china chapadziko lapansi chomwe chimatha kuchita izi!
Acheki ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi amphaka ena onse, osati malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake pakhungu, motsatira thupi, mutu wawung'ono, maso apamwamba ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, osalala. Gwiritsani ntchito kwambiri mimbulu ndi mbawala (makamaka Thompson gazelle), impala, ana a ng'ombe amphongo ndi ena osabereka wolemera mpaka 40 kg. Khwangwala wamkulu yekha amapha nyama kamodzi masiku angapo, koma mkazi yemwe ali ndi ana agalu amafunika chakudya pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Pofunafuna wolakwiridwayo, mimbulu imanyamula mosamala, kenako ndikuponya mwachangu, poyambira pomwe ikuyandikira nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wamamita pafupifupi 30. Pafupifupi theka laukali umatha kulanda nyamayo. Pafupifupi, nthawi yayitali ikatha 20-30 s, cheetah imagona mtunda wa mamita 170, nyama zamtunduwu zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri osaposa 500 m, chifukwa chake kusaka sikulephera ngati pachiwopsezo chake cheetah ndi kutali kwambiri ndi yemwe akufuna.
Ming'alu yaying'ono ya cheetah kumtunda imawonekera bwino mu nyama yolimaku; ma canine apamwamba amakhala ndi mizu yaying'ono yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa khoma la ndima. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayi ikhale ndi mpweya wambiri pakuluma, motero, imafinya pakhosi nthawi yomweyo, kuti isathawe.
Ubwino wa chisamaliro cha amayi. Khalidwe pamagulu
Asanabadwe, mkaziyo amapeza pansi pa mwala kapena paudzu wokulirapo, m'malo otsetsereka, pomwe amabereka ana 1 mpaka 6 olemera 250 mpaka 300. Amayi amawakulira m'khola, nkumawasiya kwa kanthawi kochepa, kokha nthawi yakusaka, amuna samalira ana. Popeza afika zaka ziwiri, ana onsewa amalandila chakudya cholimba ndikuyamba kutsagana ndi amayi awo pakusaka. Kittens amasiya kudyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere atakwanitsa miyezi 3-4, koma amakhalabe ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka 14-18.
Ana a cheetah amayamba masewera a phokoso ndi wina ndi mnzake ndipo amayeserera luso losaka nyama yomwe mayi wawo amabwera nayo. Komabe, sakudziwa kusaka okha. Pofika pafupi kutha msinkhu, mbawala zazing'onong'ono zomwe zimakhalabe limodzi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mgulu la abale ndi alongo amakhala otetezeka. Zitatha izi, alongowo amachoka m'magulu amodzi nthawi imodzi, pomwe abale awo amakhala kwakanthawi kuti akhale gulu limodzi. Akalulu achikazi akuluakulu amakhala moyo wawekha, kuphwanya lamulo ili kokha nthawi yodyetsa ana ndi kusaka palimodzi ndi ana okulirapo. Amuna amakhala limodzi kapena gulu la anthu awiri kapena atatu.
Metaje wachichepere amakhala ndi "kolala" yayikulu yakuda yosemedwa yophimba kumeta, mapewa ndi kumbuyo kwawo. Mphesa zoterezi zimatchulidwa mumphaka zosakwana miyezi 3, koma ana ake akamakula, amayamba kuoneka pang'ono. Ntchito za ubweya wautaliyu sizidziwika bwino, koma kufananako ndi ubweya wa nyemba mwina kumawalepheretsa adani kuti asamagwire ntchito ndi ana ang'ono.
Kuwopsa kwa mikango. Kusamalira zachilengedwe
A cheetah amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wotsika kwambiri wamitundu, izi zikuonetsa kuti onse anachokera ku anthu ochepa omwe analipo zaka 6000-20000 zapitazo. Monomorphism yamtunduwu imatha kuyambitsa mavuto awiri. Yoyamba mwa izi ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu ya nyama zazing'onoting'ono chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa nyama zomwe zimatha kupezeka, pomwe pali ambiri omwe amafa. Chachiwiri cha zotsatirapo zake zoipa ndikuchepa kwa chitetezo cha nyama ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekiti yopanga zoberekera zamtunduwu ndi cholinga chobwezeretsa pambuyo pake, zomwe zidachitika ku North America, zidakumana ndi zolephera zingapo.
Komabe, pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nyalugwe zimabereka mwachangu: zazikazi zimabereka pafupifupi miyezi 18, koma ngati ana amwalira, zinyalala zotsalazo zitha kubadwa kale.
Imfa za Cheetah ndizapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zina zazikulu zaku carnivores. Ku Tanzania, ku chigwa cha Serengeti, mikango nthawi zambiri imapha ana agalu mnyumba zawo zamkati mwakuti 95% ya ana asapulumuke kufikira amayi awo. M'madera onse otetezedwa ku Africa, kuchuluka kwa akambuku ndi kochepa kwambiri m'malo amenewo komwe kumakhala kuchuluka kwa mikango. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti mpikisano wokhazikika motere umachitika kawirikawiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Cheetah yonse ndi yayikulu mokwanira ndi nyama zamphamvu zokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 138-142 masentimita ndi mchira kutalika mpaka 75 cm . ngakhale kuti, poyerekeza ndi amphaka ena, thupi la cheetah limakhala lodzifupikitsidwa kwambiri, kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu komanso wopeza bwino nthawi zambiri kumafika mpaka 65-65 kg. Ndi miyendo yopyapyala, yotalikirapo, komanso yolimba kwambiri, yokhala ndi zikhadabo pang'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amphaka amphaka amatha kukoka zovala zawo m'matumbo awo, koma azaka 4 zokha zokha. Achikulire a nyama yamtunduwu amalephera mwanjira yodabwitsa, kotero, zopanga zawo sizimasunthika.
Ali ndi thupi loterera, mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi makutu ang'ono ndi mchira wautali. Chovala chija chimakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso wopepuka wokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima, pamutu ndikuwoneka bwino mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda kuchokera kumaso mpaka pansi, zomwe zimapereka mawu opweteka.
Cheetah subspecies
Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, pakadali pano, magulu asanu odziwika bwino a cheetah amadziwika. Mtundu umodzi umakhala kumaiko aku Asia, ndipo mitundu inayi yotsala ya cheetah imapezeka ku Africa kokha.
Chokondweretsa kwambiri ndi buluzi waku Asia. Pafupifupi anthu makumi asanu ndi limodzi mwa mabungwewa amakhala kumadera opanda Iran. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, anthu angapo amathanso kupulumuka ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan. Mbeta ziwiri zaku Asia zimasungidwa ukapolo, m'malo osungira nyama m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zofunika! Kusiyana pakati pa magulu am'mayiko aku Asia ndi cheetah waku Africa ndi miyendo ifupi, khosi lamphamvu ndi khungu.
Palibe chodziwika kwambiri ndi cheetah yachifumu kapena kusinthika kwapadera kwa Rex, kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kuli kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima yakumbuyo kumbuyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndikuphatikiza mawanga mbali. King cheetahs wobala mitundu wamba, ndipo mtundu wachilendo wa nyamayi ndi chifukwa cha genes recessive, chifukwa chake nyama zoterezi ndizosowa kwambiri.
Nthenga zamtunduwu zimapezekanso, ndipo zimakhala ndi ubweya wachilendo kwambiri. Masamba ofiira amadziwika, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi utoto wagolide komanso otchulidwa mawanga amdima. Nyama zokhala ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino komanso chokhala ndimawonekedwe ofiira owoneka bwino.
Zamoyo zachilengedwe
Mitundu yayikuluyi inkakhala kudera la Europe, chifukwa chake inkatchedwa kuti cheetah waku Europe. Gawo lalikulu la zinthu zakale zamtunduwu zapezeka ku France, ndipo zidachitika zaka ziwiri miliyoni. Zithunzi za cheetah yaku Europe zilinso pa zojambula za mphanga mu mphanga la Shuwe.
Nguluwe zaku Europe zinali zokulirapo komanso zamphamvu kuposa mitundu yamakono ya ku Africa. Adanenapo miyendo yayitali komanso miyendo yayikulu. Ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 80-90, kutalika kwa nyamayo kufika mita imodzi ndi theka. Amaganiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa thupi kumayendetsedwa ndi misa yayikulu ya minofu, kotero kuthamanga kwake kunali dongosolo lokwezeka kwambiri kuposa lakale lamakono.
Habitat
Poyamba, mbuluzi zinkakhala paliponse kumapiri ndi zipululu za Asia ndi Africa, koma tsopano nyalugwe zatsala pang'ono kufalikira ku Asia. Tsopano mutha kuwona nyama izi mokwanira okha padziko lonse la Africa. Mbeta zangokhala malo okha otseguka, kupewa misempha iliyonse. Nyama izi zimakhala moyo wodzipatula, koma amuna nthawi zambiri amagwirizana m'magulu a anthu awiri. Mwambiri, chikhalidwe cha nyama izi sizosakhazikika - zimalekerera kupezeka kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo cheetah wosakhazikika amawonetsa kukhulupirika kwa galu. Mosiyana ndi amphaka ambiri, anyalugwe amasaka kokha masana. Izi ndichifukwa chazachilendo pakupanga chakudya.
Kuswana
Kuti mkazi azitsekera m'mimba, champhongo chimathamangitsa chachikazi kwakanthawi. Amuna amabwera pamodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi abale. Maguluwa amalimbana ndi mimbulu ina ya malo osaka nyama ndi akazi omwe amakhala pamenepo. Mbeta zazimuna nthawi zambiri zimakhala gawo limodzi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo zitatu kwa zaka ziwiri. M'matumbo achikazi, chikhalidwe cha malo sichinawonedwe.
Mimba mu cheetah imatha masiku 85-95 - kuyambira ana awiri mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi amabadwa. Ana a cheetah, monga amphaka aliwonse, ndiocheperako komanso osateteza - izi ndi zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zomwe zimadyera, kuphatikizapo chiwombankhanga. Koma chifukwa chamimba yakuda komanso "kape" yoyera kapena yofiyira, olusa amatha kutenga mwana wa cheetah chiphika cha uchi - nyama yolusa yomwe imazunza mdani wina aliyense mopanda mantha. Mng'alu wolowera kukhosi ndi burashi pamchira wa ana, kuthandiza mkaziyo kupeza kittens mu tchire, kutha miyezi itatu. Wamkazi amadyetsa ana awo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Kittens amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi 13 mpaka 20. Kutchire, nyalugwe amakhala pafupifupi mpaka 20 (nthawi zina mpaka zaka 25), kumalo osungira nyama - nthawi yayitali, yomwe imadziwika ndi zakudya zapamwamba, kupezeka kwa chithandizo chamankhwala. Zovuta za kubereka mimbulu ikakhala kundende imalumikizidwa ndi bungwe lawo komanso malo okhala.
Akazi amakhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha (kupatula nthawi yomwe amakhala ndi anawo), ndipo anyani amphongo amakhala mwamwano kapena m'magulu amgwirizano. Kupanga unyinji wogwira bwino ntchito, kunalimbikitsidwa kuti mimbulu isungidwe mokomera bungwe lawo lachilengedwe, komabe, kuwerengera kwa cheetah kumakhalabe kosagwirizana, komwe ofufuza ambiri amati pamikhalidwe yosakwanira nyama izi, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe chawo (Sago 1994, Munson et al., 2005). Mbali imodzi, kusinthitsa (kubereka) potenga zinthu zofunikira kwambiri zachilengedwe mwakutengera kuphunzira kwa chilengedwe chake ndipo, kumbali yakapangidwe, kamangidwe kothandiza kuti antchito akhale ndi chidwi chambiri zosowa za mbeta (Mellen, 1991), monga zasonyezedwera m'mitundu ina ya amphaka ang'ono.
Chakudya cha tchizi
Mbeta ndi nyama zolusa zachilengedwe. Pofunafuna nyama yake, nyamayo imatha kuthamanga mwachangu opitilira kilomita zana pa ola limodzi . Mothandizidwa ndi mchira, cheetahs moyenera, ndi zibaba zimapatsa nyamayo mwayi wabwino wobwereza molondola mayendedwe onse a wolakwiridwayo. Atagona nyama, nyama yolusa imadula khosi mwamphamvu ndikutsamira pakhosi .
Chakudya cha nyalugwe nthawi zambiri sichikhala chachikulu chometedwa, kuphatikiza tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tambiri. Mahares, komanso ana a warthogs komanso mbalame iliyonse, amathanso kukhala nyama. Mosiyana ndi nyama zina zambiri za mphaka, nyengoyi imakonda kusaka masana.
Khalidwe la tchizi
Mbeta sizimakhala nyama zambirimbiri, ndipo okwatirana omwe amakhala achimuna ndi achikazi okhwima amapanga mitunduyi pakubala, koma kenako amakula msanga.
Yaikazi imatsogolera payekha kapena ikulera mwana. Amuna amakhalanso ndi moyo umodzi, koma amatha kuyanjana mu mgwirizano wapadera. Maubwenzi apakati pamagulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana. Nyama zikung'ung'udza ndikugundana nkhope zawo. Mukakumana ndi akulu akulu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, mimbulu imakhala mwamtendere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbatata ndi m'gulu la nyama zamtchire ndipo imasiya ma tag osiyanasiyana amtundu wa chimbudzi kapena mkodzo.
Kukula kwa gawo losaka lomwe lachikazi limatetezedwa ndi mzimayi kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso zaka zake. Amuna amateteza gawo limodzi motalika kwambiri. Pogona amasankhidwa ndi nyama pamalo otseguka, owoneka bwino. Monga lamulo, malo otseguka kwambiri amasankhidwa m'malo obisalapo, koma mutha kukumana ndi malo ogona a cheetah pansi pa zitsamba zaminga za mthethe kapena zomerazo. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chimasiyanasiyana kuyambira zaka khumi mpaka makumi awiri.
Chifukwa chiyani cheetah ili yachangu kwambiri?
Vutoli limafotokozedwa ndi zifukwa zazikuluzikulu zitatu.
- Mbuzi zamatumbu zimatha kupeza kufunika kwa kutalika ndi pafupipafupi pakuyenda. Pokugwira nyama, nyama yolusa imangowonjezera nthawi 1.5. Akayamba kuthyolako, nyalugwe amayambanso kukonzanso miyendo yake osathamanga, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zizitha kusinthana osasunthika pansi.
- Mbeta zimatha kugawa zolemetsa zawo pomwe zikuyenda. Kubalalitsa nyamayo imasamutsira 70% ya katunduyo m'miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Izi zimathandizira kuti cheetah ndiyambe mwachangu, komanso kupewa kutsekera kutsogolo pansi kapena pamchenga.
- Mbuzi zamatchi zimakulitsa kutalika kwa miyendoyo pansi. Kulumikizana nthawi yayitali ndi nthaka kumathandiza kuti chiweto chichepetse katunduyo miyendo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa kuyeserera ndikuwonjezereka kuthamanga.
Kwa agalu omwe anakulira kumalo osungira nyama kapena kusamutsidwa ali aang'ono, kuthamanga sikukudutsa kuthamanga kwa galu wokasaka. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kusowa kwa chilimbikitso pakati pa olusa, chifukwa kumalo osungira nyama, safunika kusaka ndi kusaka chakudya m'malo owopsa.
Adani achilengedwe a cheetah
Akwatibwi ali ndi adani ambiri kuthengo . Choopseza kwambiri mdani uyu ndi mikango, komanso nyalugwe ndi ziphuphu zazikulu zamizeremizere, zomwe sizingokhala ndi mwayi wodya nyama ya mimbulu, komanso nthawi zambiri zimapha ana ang'ono akulu komanso akulu kale.
Koma mdani wamkulu wa buluzi ndi munthu. Ubweya wokongola kwambiri komanso wamtengo wapatali wa cheetah umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala, komanso kupanga zinthu zapamwamba zamkati. Chiwerengero chadziko lonse lapansi cha mitundu yonse ya anyani am'madzi m'zaka zana limodzi zatsika kuchoka pa anthu 100,000 mpaka 10,000.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Cheetah ndi nyama yakuthengo omwe ali ofanana pang'ono ndi amphaka. Chilombocho chimakhala ndi thupi locheperako, lamtundu wofanana ndi galu, komanso maso akuthwa.
Mphaka yemwe amakhala mdulidwe amatulutsa mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi makutu ozungulira. Kuphatikiza uku ndikomwe kumapangitsa chilombo kuthamanga nthawi yomweyo. Monga mukudziwa padziko lapansi ayi nyama mwachangu kuposa mseru .
Chinyama chachikulu chimafika masentimita 140 m'litali ndi 90 kutalika. Amphaka amtchire amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 50. Asayansi apeza kuti nyama zodya nyama zouluka zimatha kuona zinthu ngati zangokhala.
Cheetah imatha kuthamanga mpaka kufika pa 120 km / h
Monga tikuonera chithunzi cha cheetah , nyama yolusa imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu. Mimba yokha, monga amphaka ambiri am'nyumba, ndi yoyera. Pankhaniyi, thupi limakutidwa ndi timiyala tating'ono takuda, ndipo pa "nkhope" pali mikwingwirima yakuda.
Chikhalidwe chawo "chinayambitsa" pazifukwa. Mikwingwirima imakhala ngati magalasi anthu: amachepetsa pang'ono mphamvu ya dzuwa lowala, ndikulola owononga kuti ayang'ane mtunda wautali.
Amuna amadzitama pang'ono. Komabe, pakabadwa ana onse aakazi amavala "siliva wamsana kumbuyo," koma pakatha miyezi 2.5, imatha. Nthawi zambiri, zovala za tchizi sizibwerera m'mbuyo.
Zoterezi zimatha kungodzitamandira ku amphaka a Iriomotean ndi Sumatran. Nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake pamene ikuthamanga, kugwira, ngati malovu.
Ana a cheetah amabadwa ndi mbewa yaying'ono pamitu yawo
Masiku ano pali mitundu 5 ya chilombo:
- Mitundu 4 ya mbuluzi zaku Africa,
- Mabungwe aku Asia.
Anthu a ku Asia amadziwika ndi khungu lowala bwino, khosi lamphamvu komanso zofowoka pang'ono. Ku Kenya, mungapeze cheetah wakuda. M'mbuyomu, adayesa kuti ndi mtundu wina, koma pambuyo pake adazindikira kuti uku ndikosintha kwamtundu wina.
Komanso, pakati pa zolengedwa zomwe zimadyedwa zimatha kupezeka ndi albino, ndi chimpanda chachifumu. Yemwe amatchedwa mfumu amasiyanitsidwa ndi mikwingwirima yayitali yakuda kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwakanthawi kochepa.
M'mbuyomu, zolengedwa zakutchire zimatha kuwonedwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana aku Asia, tsopano zikuwonongedwa kwathunthu kumeneko. Mitunduyi idasowa kwathunthu m'maiko monga Egypt, Afghanistan, Morocco, Western Sahara, Guinea, UAE ndi ena ambiri. M'mayiko a ku Africa lero pokhapokha mutha kukumana ndi mawanga omwe alipo.
Chithunzicho ndi cheetah yachifumu, chimasiyana m'mizere iwiri yakumbuyo kumbuyo
Khalidwe la Cheetah ndi moyo wawo
Cheetah ndiye nyama yothamanga kwambiri . Izi sizingakhudze moyo wake. Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimadyera, zimasaka masana. Nyama zimangokhala pamalo otseguka. Woyang'anira matikiti amapeweratu.
Mwinanso izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti liwiro la nyama ndi 100-120 km / h. Cheetah mukathamanga, zimatenga kupumira pafupifupi 150 mumasekondi 60. Pakadali pano, mtundu wa mbiriyakale wakhazikitsidwa kwa chirombo. Mkazi wamkazi wotchedwa Sarah adathamanga mu liwiro la mita zana m'masekondi 5.95.
Mosiyana ndi amphaka ambiri, akambuku amayesetsa kuti asakwere mitengo. Zovala zowuma zimawaletsa kuti asamatengere thunthu. Nyama zitha kukhala mokhazikika komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amayesetsa kuti asakangane.
Amalumikizana ndi purr, ndipo zimamveka zokumbutsa ma tweets. Gawo la chizindikiro cha akazi, koma malire ake amatengera kukhalapo kwa ana. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama sizimasiyana paukhondo, kotero gawo likusintha mwachangu.
Mikwingwirima yakuda pafupi ndi maso imagwira ntchito ngati "maswiti"
Mbawala zazimuna zimafanana ndi agalu. Iwo ndi okhulupilika, okhulupilika komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Osati pachabe kuti adasungidwa kukhothi kwazaka zambiri, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati asaka. Mu nyama padziko lapansi mimbulu amagwirizana mosavuta ndi kuwukira kwa madera awo, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati amanyazi chabe amachokera kwa eni ake, popanda kumenya nkhondo kapena chiwonetsero.
Kufotokozera kwathunthu mawonekedwe ndi nyamayo
Thupi la munthu limakhala ndi mawonekedwe , ndichabwino komanso chocheperako, ndipo ngakhale nyengoyi imawoneka yosalimba, ili ndi minofu yolimba. Miyendo ya mdani ndiwamtali, wamtali komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Zovala pamiyendo ya nyama yam'mimba sizimachotsedwa mokwanira pamene mukuyenda kapena kuyenda, zomwe sizachilendo kwa banja lokhala ndi mafupa. Maonekedwe a mutu wa mphaka si yayikulu, imakhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi zozungulira.
Kutalika kwa thupi la chilombo kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1, 23 mpaka 1.5 metres, kutalika kwa mchirawo kumatha kufika masentimita 63-75, kutalika kwake kufota ndi masentimita 60-100. Kulemera kwa thupi la Predator imatha kukhala 40 mpaka 65-70 kilogalamu.
Ubweya wa nyamayo ndi waufupi komanso wosakhala wakuda kwambiri, utoto wake umawonekera mumchenga wachikasu. Pamaso pa ubweya wonse, kupatula kumimba, mawanga ang'onoang'ono amtundu wakuda omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ena ake ndi kukula kwake amagawidwa wogawana. Zimachitika kuti m'dera la kufota kwa nyamayi kumawoneka mauna osazolowereka, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kwa tsitsi laling'ono komanso lolimba. Mikwingwirima yakuda imakhala pankhope ya nyama, kuchokera kumakona amkati amaso ndikuwoneka molunjika kukamwa. Awa ndi zizindikiro zachilendo, chifukwa choti mdaniyo amatha kuyang'anitsitsa mosavuta pakusaka, amatetezeranso maso a mphaka kuti mwina singade khungu.
Kodi mdani uyu amakhala kuti?
Cheetah ndi mphaka , yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala m'malo okhala nyengo ngati chipululu kapena malo osanja, omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala komanso nthaka. Koposa zonse, nyama zolusa zimakonda kukhazikika. Acheetah amakhala makamaka ku Africa, m'maiko ngati Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Algeria, Benin, Zambia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Somalia, Niger, Zimbabwe, Namibia, ndi Sudan.
Mayiko enanso komwe mungathe kukumana ndi nyama mosavuta: Tanzania, Chad, Ethiopia, Togo, Uganda, Central African Republic ndi South Africa. Zinyama zomwe zimakula zikuwonekeranso ku Swaziland. Kudera la Asia, cheetah kwenikweni palibe, imatha kupezeka m'magulu ochepa kwambiri ku Iran.
Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi nyalugwe ndi kambuku
Kambuku ndi nyalugwe ndi nyama zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa kukhala zolengedwa, zolengedwa zodyedwa ndi amphaka amphaka. Poterepa, nyalugwe ndi wa genus panther , ndi cheetah kumtundu wa mimbulu. Mitundu iwiriyi ya amphaka imasiyana kwambiri:
Kodi zotsalira za mdyerekezi wamakono ndi ziti?
Tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa mitundu 5 yokha cheetah amakono. Chifukwa chake, 4 mwa iwo amakhala ku Africa, ndipo wachisanu sapezeka ku Asia. Malinga ndi kafukufuku amene anachitika mu 2007, pafupifupi anthu 4,500 amakhala ku Africa. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi idaphatikizidwa ku Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN.
Cheetah yaku Asia imakhala ku Iran kumadera a Markazi, Fars ndi Khorasan, koma kuchuluka kwa ma subspecies awa kudakhalabe kochepa kwambiri. Mwinanso ndizotheka kuti anthu ena amakhala kudera la Pakistan kapena Afghanistan. Pazonse, palibe anthu opitilira 60 omwe anasungidwa mwachilengedwe. Pamalo osungira nyama amapezeka pafupifupi 23 olusa ku Asia. Kuphatikiza apo, chilombochi chimasiyana pang'ono ndi mitundu ina ya ku Africa: miyendo ya wolusa ndi yochepa, khosi limakhala lamphamvu kwambiri, khungu limakhala lochulukirapo kangapo.
- Mapulogalamu achifumu achifumu.
Mwa mitundu yosavuta ya nyama yomwe imadya, pali zosiyana zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthika kwachilengedwe pamtundu wa majini. Mwachitsanzo, cheetah yachifumu ili ndi mawonekedwe otere. Zingwe zakuda zimagona kumbuyo kwake, ndipo malo akulu akuda amapezeka mbali zake, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kuphatikizira limodzi. Nthawi yoyamba kuperekedwa mtundu wachilendo wa zilombo zomwe udapezeka mu 1926, pamenepo akatswiri sanamvetsetse kwanthawi yayitali kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa mphaka yemwe amayenera kutchulidwa. Poyamba, asayansi adaganiza kuti munthuyu adapangidwa kudzera kudutsa chimbale ndi nyama yam'madzi, ndipo adaganiza kuti apange tchizi chachifumu chamtundu wina watsopano.
Koma nthawi idafika pomwe akatswiri amtundu wa majini adathetsa kutsutsana kwawo. Izi zidachitika mchaka cha 1981 pomwe ana adabereka ana awiri anyama ku Cheetah Center De Wildt, komwe kudali ku South Africa, ndipo m'modzi mwa ana amtunduwo anali ndi khungu losavala. Mbuzi zamfumu zachifumu ndizotheka muziwoloka momasuka ndi abale awo, omwe ali ndi khungu labwinobwino. Nthawi yomweyo, ana athanzi labwino komanso okongola amabadwa mwa munthu aliyense.
Palinso mitundu yambiri ya nyama zodyera zomwe sizinathe kuyimirira nthawiyo ndikutha kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mitundu ina yolusa
Pali mitundu ina ya chovala mu nyama, yomwe idatuluka chifukwa cha kusinthika kosiyanasiyana. M'malo achilengedwe, akatswiri adazindikira anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ndi mitundu ya ubweya. Mwachitsanzo:
Pali anthu omwe ali ndi ubweya wonyezimira kwambiri komanso wosalala wa ubweya, izi zimawonekera kwambiri pakati pa okhala m'zipululu. Pali kulongosola izi. , chifukwa mawonekedwe ngati amenewa amatha kukhala ngati chida chonyansitsa chomwe chingateteze nyamayo kuti isapse ndi dzuwa kwambiri.
Nyama yochokera ku mphaka yomwe ili ndi zofunikira pakuyang'anira idadziwika ndi akatswiri azinyama ngati mtundu wina. About cheetah akuti "mu Mawu a gulu la Igor" - mbiri yake ndi yakale kwambiri. Maonekedwe a thupi, zizolowezi, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zomwe zimapezeka mwa mayi zimasiyana. Kuthamanga kwa Cheetah kuthamanga mpaka 112 km pa ola - iyi ndi nyama yothamanga kwambiri kuposa zolengedwa padziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Nthochi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya feline ndi khungu lawo lachilendo, thupi lopendekeka, minofu yolukidwa bwino, miyendo yayitali ndi mchira. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama yolusa ndi pafupifupi 1.5 m, kulemera - 40-65 kg, kutalika masentimita 60-100. Mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi chopindika.
Makutu ndi amfupi, owongoka, ozungulira. Maso okhala pamwamba. Miyendo ndi yolimba, yotupa ndi zikhadabo zosasunthika, zomwe zimasiyanitsa njuchi ndi amphaka onse amtchire. Zovala zimatha kubweza ana mpaka miyezi inayi kuchokera pakubadwa, ndiye kuti amalephera.
Tsitsi la nyama ndi lalifupi kwambiri, gawo lakumapeto chabe la khosi ndilomwe limakongoletsedwa ndi tinthu tating'ono ta tsitsi lakuda. Mwaung'ono, wopanga siliva amayenda msana wonse. Mtundu wa ubweyawo ndi ma toni achikasu, malo amdima amabalalika pakhungu, kupatula pamimba. Kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Chizindikiro cha mimbulu ndi zizindikiro zakuda zakuda - mikwingwirima yochokera kumaso mpaka pakamwa.
Mutha kusiyanitsa cheetah ndi amphaka ena amtundu wina ndi mikwingwirima yamdima iwiri kumaso
Mawonekedwe a chilombocho amapereka chizindikiro cha chikwangwani. Popita kuthamanga, thupi la aetodynamic la cheetah limatulutsa liwiro. Mchira wautali ndi muyeso wabwino. Ziphuphu za nyama yokhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu, yomwe imathandizira kupuma kwambiri pakuthamanga.
Monga cheetah ndiye nyama yothamanga kwambiri M'mbuyomu, akalonga akum'mawa ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zilombo kuti azisaka anyani. Ambuye achikale achi Egypt, ma khan a ku Central Asia, ma rajas aku India analinso ndi "mapaketi" azinkhumba.
Adawatengela zigwiriro ali ndi zisoti m'maso kuti asathamangire kuwatsogolera. Posaka, anyalugwe sanasunge nyama zomwe zinagwidwa mpaka akalonga atafika. Zovala zakuthwa za nyamazo zidagwira nyama pobowola khutu ndi miyendo yawo.
Monga mphotho, nyama zinkalandira zam'matumbo. Kusaka cheetah inali mphatso yodula kwambiri. Nyama sikuti imaberekera kundende, ndiye anthu olemekezeka okha ndi omwe angathe kugwidwa, kusungidwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa.
Chikhalidwe chachilendo cha nyama yamtchire chimawonekera chifukwa chakuti ndizosavuta kulera ngakhale atakula, zimachita bwino pophunzitsidwa. Amawonetsa kukhulupirika kwa galu kwa eni ake, kuzolowera kutsuka ndi kolala. Ku malo osungira nyama, amawazolowera, koma amakhala tcheru kwambiri kwa alendo.
Amakhala osamala kwambiri ndi zojambula zakusintha, kusintha kwa kutentha, matenda a ma virus - ambiri, sakonda kuzolowera chilengedwe chatsopano. Kusowa kwachilengedwe kwa nyama kumakhala m'malo ambiri, zakudya zina.
Cheetah ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi
Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa nyama kukucheperachepera chifukwa chakuchepetsa madera omwe kuli malo okhala, kuba. Mammal cheetah mu Red amatchedwa mitundu yomwe ili pangozi.
Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, zilombo zambiri zinkakhala ku madera a Asia ndi Africa. Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wa 2007, anthu osakwana 4,500 adatsalira ku Africa, ndipo ku Asia kudali zochepa.
Nyama zikuchepa, ngakhale atetezedwa ndi ntchito zachilengedwe. Gulu la masiku ano limaphatikizapo magulu asanu am'mimba a cheetah, osawerengera ochepa omwe adatha. Imodzi ikupezekabe ku Asia, mabungwe anayi ogonera amakhala.
Cheetah waku Asia. Kukula kwa mabungwewa kumayandikira gawo lovuta, chifukwa chake kuli chidwi chochulukirapo. M'malo ochepa a Iran palibe anthu opitilira 60 a nyama zosowa. Anthu otsalawo ochepa amawasunga m'malo osungira nyama m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zomwe zimapezeka ku subspecies yaku Asia ndi miyendo yotsika, khosi lamphamvu, khungu lakuda. Madera olondola osaka liwiro akucheperachepera. Munthu amapondera nyamayo m'malo ake oyambilira - savannas, chipululu. Chiwerengero cha abulidwe wamtchire omwe amapanga chakudya cham'mbuyo chimachepa.
Cheetah yachifumu. Zingwe zakuda kumbuyo kwake zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira mabungwe ena aku Africa otchedwa Rex mutation. Malo akulu akuda amaphatikizika kumbali za nyama, ndikupatsa chithunzicho mawonekedwe osazolowereka.
Mitundu yachilendo yadzetsa mpungwepungwe pakati pa asayansi zokhudzana ndi malo omwe kuli mbawala zapachifumu m'gulu la nyama. Mawonekedwe a ana omwe ali ndi chovala chomwechi chimalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wa makolo onse opatsirana mitundu.
Cheetah ku Africa opezeka m'mitundu ina yosinthira mitundu yomwe si yosangalatsa:
- maalubino oyera kapena zitsulo zakuda - mawonekedwe amalo sawoneka bwino,
- cheetah ofiira - mawanga ofiira okongola pazithunzi zagolide,
- Mtundu wachikaso wopepuka wokhala ndi mawalo ofiira.
Tsitsi lowoneka bwino limawoneka, mwina, mwa anthu okhala kumadera okhala m'chipululu chobisalira - chomwe chimasinthasintha ndikutetezedwa ku zochita za dzuwa.
Cheetah waku Europe - mitundu yazinyama. Zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi zimapezeka kwambiri ku France. Kupezeka kwa mitunduyi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zojambula za mphanga zomwe zimapezeka m'phanga la Shuwe.
Mitundu yaku Europe inali yayikulu kwambiri, yamphamvu kuposa akhungu amakono aku Africa. Unyinji waukulu komanso minofu yokhazikika yapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kuthamanga kwambiri kuposa kuthoko komwe kulipobe mpaka pano.
Moyo & Habitat
M'mbuyomu, mapiri aku Asia komanso zipululu za Africa zidadzala ndi anyani ambiri. Mabungwe aku Africa kuyambira ku Moroko kupita ku Cape of Good Hope amakhala kontinentiyi. Ma subspecies aku Asia adagawidwa ku India, Pakistan, Israel, Iran. Pa gawo la omwe kale anali achi Soviet, chimpanda sichidakhalanso nyama chosowa. Masiku ano zilombo zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Kuchotsa anthu ambiri kunachititsa kuti mitundu ya nyama izisungidwa, makamaka ku Algeria, Zambia, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. Ku Asia kuli anthu ochepa kwambiri. Kwa zaka zana zapitazi, ziwengo zachepa kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 10 miliyoni.
Zoyang'anira zimapewa kutulutsa nkhuni, amakonda malo otseguka. Nyama zanyama sizigwira ntchito pagulu la zoweta, zimangokhala zokha. Ngakhale anthu okwatirana amapangidwira mwambo wachidule, kenako umatha.
Amuna amakhala okha, koma nthawi zina amakhala m'magulu awiri amitundu iwiri, momwe maubwenzi ofanana amapangika. Zachikazi zimadzikhalira zokha, ngati sizilera ana. Mbeta siziwombana mkatikati mwa magulu.
Akuluakulu amalekerera kuyandikira kwa kuyandikira kwa mbulu wina, ngakhale purr ndikununkha nkhope zawo. About cheetah titha kunena kuti iyi ndi nyama yamtendere pakati pa abale.
Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimakonda kudya, nyengoyi chimasaka masana, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi njira yochotsera chakudya. Pofufuza chakudya, amapita kukazizira m'mawa kapena madzulo, koma asadalowe. Ndikofunikira kuti cheetah iwone nyama, ndipo osamva ngati nyama zina. Usiku, nyama zodyerazi zimasaka nthawi zambiri.
Cheetah sangayang'ane kwa maola angapo kuti abisalire ndikuyang'anira yemwe akuvutikayo. Poona nyama, nyama yomwe imadya imathanso kuigwira. Kuwongolera kwachilengedwe, kuphatikizidwa kwachilengedwe kwa nyama kuyambira nthawi zakale, pomwe anali olamulira malo otseguka.
Nyamayo idakulitsa mawonekedwe ake ophulika. Kuthamanga kwambiri, kudumphadumpha kwa chilombo, kuthekera kusintha kayendedwe ka liwiro ndi kuthamanga kwa mphezi kupusitsa wozunzidwayo - thawa cheetah zopanda pake. Itha kuthamangitsidwa, popeza mphamvu za mdani sizikwanira kufunafuna kwanthawi yayitali.
Dera la amuna ndi malo otseguka, omwe amawayika mkodzo kapena chimbudzi. Chifukwa chosowa mbewa, cheetah sayang'ana masamba omwe sangathe kukwera. Nyama imatha kupeza pogona pansi pa chitsamba chaminga, korona wamtengo wobiriwira. Kukula kwa malo achimuna kumatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndipo masamba achikazi amatengera kukhalapo kwa ana.
Adani achilengedwe a anyalugwe ndi mikango, mavu, akambuku, omwe samangotenga nyama, komanso amasokoneza ana. Cheetah wolusa osatetezeka. Kuvulala komwe amalandila kwa omwe agwidwa nthawi zambiri kumaphetsa kusaka komwe, chifukwa amatha kupeza chakudya mthupi lokha. Chilombo chanzeru.